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In November 2022, nonfarm employment 100.7 percent of pre-pandemic level
December 09, 2022
In November 2022, total nonfarm employment increased by 263,000 to reach 100.7 percent of its level in February 2020, the month before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recession that resulted from it. In April 2020, nonfarm employment was 85.6 percent of its level 2 months earlier.
Index of total nonfarm employment, by industry, January 2020–November 2022 (February 2020 = 100.0)
Month
Total nonfarm
Total private
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Jan 2020
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.4
100.0
100.1
100.0
100.1
100.0
Feb 2020
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Mar 2020
99.0
98.9
98.1
99.0
99.5
99.7
99.4
99.9
100.0
Apr 2020
85.6
83.8
89.7
85.5
89.3
93.1
85.6
91.3
99.3
May 2020
87.3
86.2
86.7
91.9
91.2
93.4
87.8
91.8
99.1
Jun 2020
90.3
89.7
84.7
94.0
93.8
94.1
92.9
94.0
98.6
Jul 2020
91.2
90.7
83.1
94.4
94.1
93.8
94.5
95.1
98.6
Aug 2020
92.3
91.6
82.1
94.7
94.3
94.0
96.5
96.6
99.0
Sep 2020
92.9
92.4
81.8
95.0
94.6
94.4
96.5
97.8
99.3
Oct 2020
93.3
93.0
81.0
95.7
94.8
94.6
96.9
99.1
99.0
Nov 2020
93.5
93.3
80.8
95.9
95.1
94.8
96.9
100.6
99.0
Dec 2020
93.4
93.2
80.8
96.5
95.3
95.0
97.3
100.9
98.9
Jan 2021
93.8
93.5
79.6
96.5
95.3
95.2
97.7
101.5
99.1
Feb 2021
94.2
94.1
79.0
95.9
95.6
95.4
98.0
102.6
99.1
Mar 2021
94.7
94.6
80.3
97.2
96.0
95.6
98.3
103.5
99.2
Apr 2021
94.9
94.7
80.8
97.0
95.7
95.8
98.3
103.5
99.3
May 2021
95.2
95.0
81.6
96.8
96.0
96.0
98.2
104.0
99.1
Jun 2021
95.5
95.4
82.5
96.8
96.1
96.3
98.6
104.6
99.0
Jul 2021
96.0
95.9
82.9
97.0
96.6
96.6
98.7
105.3
99.0
Aug 2021
96.3
96.3
83.7
97.0
96.9
96.7
99.0
105.8
98.7
Sep 2021
96.6
96.6
84.0
97.4
97.1
96.8
99.3
106.5
98.6
Oct 2021
97.0
97.1
84.3
97.8
97.5
97.0
99.6
107.3
98.6
Nov 2021
97.5
97.6
84.8
98.4
97.9
97.3
99.7
108.0
98.5
Dec 2021
97.9
98.1
86.0
99.0
98.2
97.6
100.0
108.4
98.4
Jan 2022
98.2
98.4
86.0
99.1
98.4
97.8
100.8
109.3
98.5
Feb 2022
98.7
99.0
87.5
99.8
98.8
98.2
101.5
110.6
98.5
Mar 2022
98.9
99.3
88.2
100.1
99.2
98.7
101.3
110.6
98.4
Apr 2022
99.2
99.6
89.4
100.0
99.7
99.2
101.3
111.5
98.6
May 2022
99.4
99.8
90.4
100.4
99.9
99.4
101.1
112.1
98.7
Jun 2022
99.6
100.1
91.5
100.6
100.1
99.5
101.2
112.4
98.7
Jul 2022
100.0
100.4
92.3
100.9
100.4
99.8
101.3
112.7
98.9
Aug 2022
100.1
100.6
92.0
101.0
100.6
100.1
101.5
112.7
99.2
Sep 2022
100.3
100.8
92.4
101.3
100.8
100.2
101.3
112.4
99.2
Oct 2022
100.5
101.0
92.7
101.4
101.1
100.3
101.3
112.3
99.4
Nov 2022
100.7
101.2
93.1
101.7
101.2
100.3
101.1
112.0
99.3
Note: These data are seasonally adjusted. Data for the most recent month are preliminary.
Index of total nonfarm employment, by industry, January 2020–November 2022 (February 2020 = 100.0) … continued
Month
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Jan 2020
99.8
99.6
99.9
99.9
99.7
99.7
99.3
Feb 2020
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Mar 2020
99.8
99.8
99.6
97.3
99.4
96.8
95.5
Apr 2020
91.0
96.8
89.2
86.2
88.9
48.3
52.3
May 2020
89.8
97.0
90.2
86.6
90.7
47.8
60.9
Jun 2020
90.4
97.2
91.9
88.6
93.0
56.9
71.6
Jul 2020
90.1
97.2
92.7
88.7
93.9
61.1
73.9
Aug 2020
90.9
97.5
93.6
90.3
94.5
62.0
75.7
Sep 2020
92.9
97.8
94.2
90.0
95.0
67.4
77.8
Oct 2020
92.9
98.0
95.2
90.1
95.5
69.5
79.0
Nov 2020
93.2
98.2
95.9
90.5
95.7
70.9
79.0
Dec 2020
93.7
98.3
96.7
88.9
96.0
68.3
76.2
Jan 2021
94.6
98.4
97.2
91.2
95.7
70.3
76.8
Feb 2021
95.0
98.4
97.7
91.7
96.0
71.8
79.2
Mar 2021
95.3
98.5
98.3
92.4
96.3
73.4
80.0
Apr 2021
96.0
98.6
97.9
92.8
96.4
75.2
81.1
May 2021
96.6
98.6
98.3
93.4
96.5
76.9
82.2
Jun 2021
97.1
98.6
98.6
93.9
96.5
78.4
83.5
Jul 2021
97.9
98.9
99.2
94.6
96.7
80.2
84.6
Aug 2021
98.7
99.0
99.6
95.0
96.7
81.9
85.7
Sep 2021
99.0
99.1
100.0
95.2
96.7
83.5
86.3
Oct 2021
99.4
99.4
101.1
96.0
96.9
84.8
87.0
Nov 2021
100.0
99.8
101.6
96.9
97.1
86.1
88.1
Dec 2021
100.3
99.9
102.0
97.5
97.3
87.6
89.2
Jan 2022
100.5
99.9
102.4
98.1
97.3
88.4
90.0
Feb 2022
100.5
100.3
102.8
98.4
97.8
89.3
90.7
Mar 2022
101.1
100.4
103.3
98.7
98.0
90.2
91.3
Apr 2022
101.9
100.7
103.4
99.0
98.2
90.5
91.6
May 2022
102.8
100.9
103.8
99.6
98.5
91.2
92.0
Jun 2022
103.7
100.9
104.2
99.9
98.9
91.7
92.2
Jul 2022
104.2
101.0
104.6
100.7
99.3
91.9
92.8
Aug 2022
104.4
101.1
104.7
101.0
99.6
92.1
92.8
Sep 2022
104.7
101.1
104.8
101.0
100.0
92.9
93.4
Oct 2022
104.9
101.3
105.0
101.2
100.4
93.1
93.8
Nov 2022
105.6
101.4
105.0
101.5
100.7
93.5
94.3
Note: These data are seasonally adjusted. Data for the most recent month are preliminary.
Index of total nonfarm employment, by industry, January 2020–November 2022 (February 2020 = 100.0) … continued
Month
Other services
Government
Federal government
State government
Local government
Jan 2020
99.8
99.6
99.8
99.1
99.7
Feb 2020
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Mar 2020
98.5
99.8
100.6
98.8
100.0
Apr 2020
76.0
95.7
100.5
95.9
94.8
May 2020
79.9
93.6
100.6
95.7
91.5
Jun 2020
85.5
93.6
100.7
95.6
91.5
Jul 2020
87.8
94.0
101.6
95.7
91.9
Aug 2020
88.7
96.0
110.3
96.3
93.1
Sep 2020
89.4
95.8
109.1
96.1
93.1
Oct 2020
89.6
95.2
104.2
95.6
93.2
Nov 2020
89.6
94.8
101.2
95.6
93.3
Dec 2020
89.4
94.8
101.1
95.7
93.3
Jan 2021
89.5
95.2
100.9
97.1
93.5
Feb 2021
89.7
95.3
100.9
97.1
93.6
Mar 2021
90.0
95.5
100.9
97.4
93.8
Apr 2021
90.4
95.8
101.2
97.4
94.1
May 2021
90.7
96.1
101.0
98.5
94.2
Jun 2021
91.4
96.3
100.8
98.9
94.4
Jul 2021
92.0
96.5
100.9
98.7
94.8
Aug 2021
92.5
96.6
100.9
98.4
95.1
Sep 2021
92.7
96.6
100.8
98.4
95.2
Oct 2021
93.2
96.6
100.7
98.4
95.1
Nov 2021
93.8
96.7
100.8
98.3
95.3
Dec 2021
94.2
96.8
100.5
98.6
95.4
Jan 2022
94.3
96.8
100.6
98.3
95.6
Feb 2022
94.9
96.9
100.6
98.2
95.7
Mar 2022
95.2
96.9
100.5
98.2
95.8
Apr 2022
95.4
96.9
100.2
98.3
95.8
May 2022
95.5
97.2
100.2
99.0
95.9
Jun 2022
95.5
96.9
99.8
98.6
95.8
Jul 2022
95.8
97.3
100.1
98.8
96.3
Aug 2022
95.8
97.6
100.1
99.1
96.6
Sep 2022
96.3
97.6
100.2
99.3
96.5
Oct 2022
96.5
97.8
100.4
99.3
96.8
Nov 2022
96.9
98.0
100.3
99.5
97.0
Note: These data are seasonally adjusted. Data for the most recent month are preliminary.
Some industries had not yet returned to their pre-pandemic employment levels in November 2022. Among these were arts, entertainment, and recreation (93.5 percent) and accommodation and food services (94.3 percent). These two industries saw precipitous employment declines in the early months of the pandemic. In April 2020, employment in accommodation and food services was 52.3 percent of its pre-pandemic level, while employment in arts, entertainment, and recreation was 47.8 percent of its pre-pandemic level in May 2020.
Most other industries have surpassed their pre-pandemic employment levels. Though employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 15,000 in November 2022 and was down 38,000 from July 2022, its November 2022 employment level was 112.0 percent of its February 2020 level.
In November 2022, employment in information was 105.6 percent of its February 2020 level, while employment in professional and business services was 105.0 percent of its February 2020 level. Employment in retail trade (101.1 percent) and health care and social assistance (100.7) was also higher than before the pandemic.
In November 2022, federal government employment was 100.3 percent of its February 2020 level. State government employment was 99.5 percent of its February level in November 2022, while local government was 97.0 percent of what it was before the start of the pandemic.
These data are from the Current Employment Statistics program and are seasonally adjusted. Data for the most recent 2 months are preliminary. To learn more, see "The Employment Situation — November 2022." Also see more charts of national employment, hours, and earnings data. These indexes use the February 2020 employment estimate as a base period; the index value for each month was calculated by dividing that month's employment estimate by the February 2020 estimate and then multiplying by 100.
United States Department of Labor
