From September 2022 to December 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 23,945, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in South Dakota were 23,634, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 311 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 3,256. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.5 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In South Dakota, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 19,123 in the fourth quarter of 2022, a decrease of 2,002 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 4,822 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2022, a decrease of 959 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 6.4 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In South Dakota, contracting establishments lost 19,703 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2022, an increase of 561 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 3,931 jobs, a decrease of 577 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 4 of the 7 industry sectors in South Dakota in the fourth quarter of 2022. Construction had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 305 jobs. This was the result of 3,104 gross job gains and 2,799 gross job losses. The wholesale trade industry had a net gain of 118 jobs. Professional and business services showed a net loss of 338 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. South Dakota’s financial activities industry sector had a net loss of 164 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2023 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 25, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, South Dakota, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	26,002	28,210	24,337	26,906	23,945	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.3	6.5
At expanding establishments	21,225	22,789	19,796	21,125	19,123	5.9	6.2	5.4	5.7	5.2
At opening establishments	4,777	5,421	4,541	5,781	4,822	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.6	1.3
Gross job losses	21,492	22,324	24,811	23,650	23,634	5.9	6.1	6.8	6.4	6.4
At contracting establishments	17,804	18,282	19,811	19,142	19,703	4.9	5.0	5.4	5.2	5.3
At closing establishments	3,688	4,042	5,000	4,508	3,931	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	4,510	5,886	-474	3,256	311	1.3	1.6	-0.2	0.9	0.1
Construction
Gross job gains	3,248	3,267	2,947	3,008	3,104	12.8	12.3	11.2	11.7	11.8
At expanding establishments	2,479	2,522	2,394	2,432	2,429	9.8	9.5	9.1	9.5	9.2
At opening establishments	769	745	553	576	675	3.0	2.8	2.1	2.2	2.6
Gross job losses	2,381	2,844	2,947	2,833	2,799	9.5	10.8	11.2	11.0	10.6
At contracting establishments	1,888	2,325	2,312	2,293	2,319	7.5	8.8	8.8	8.9	8.8
At closing establishments	493	519	635	540	480	2.0	2.0	2.4	2.1	1.8
Net employment change (2)	867	423	0	175	305	3.3	1.5	0.0	0.7	1.2
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	1,096	1,150	1,270	1,309	1,161	5.1	5.3	5.9	5.9	5.2
At expanding establishments	919	923	1,062	1,041	937	4.3	4.3	4.9	4.7	4.2
At opening establishments	177	227	208	268	224	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0
Gross job losses	845	1,169	964	1,048	1,043	4.0	5.5	4.5	4.7	4.6
At contracting establishments	724	985	778	885	810	3.4	4.6	3.6	4.0	3.6
At closing establishments	121	184	186	163	233	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.0
Net employment change (2)	251	-19	306	261	118	1.1	-0.2	1.4	1.2	0.6
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,486	3,950	3,134	3,512	3,009	6.7	7.5	5.9	6.6	5.7
At expanding establishments	3,155	3,477	2,700	2,911	2,712	6.1	6.6	5.1	5.5	5.1
At opening establishments	331	473	434	601	297	0.6	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.6
Gross job losses	2,899	2,537	3,727	3,308	2,958	5.6	4.8	7.0	6.3	5.6
At contracting establishments	2,680	2,225	3,036	2,908	2,742	5.2	4.2	5.7	5.5	5.2
At closing establishments	219	312	691	400	216	0.4	0.6	1.3	0.8	0.4
Net employment change (2)	587	1,413	-593	204	51	1.1	2.7	-1.1	0.3	0.1
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,241	1,390	1,275	1,515	1,160	4.5	5.1	4.6	5.5	4.2
At expanding establishments	958	1,120	961	1,040	797	3.5	4.1	3.5	3.8	2.9
At opening establishments	283	270	314	475	363	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.7	1.3
Gross job losses	1,380	1,400	1,374	1,306	1,324	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.8
At contracting establishments	1,130	1,203	986	1,034	1,055	4.1	4.4	3.6	3.8	3.8
At closing establishments	250	197	388	272	269	0.9	0.7	1.4	1.0	1.0
Net employment change (2)	-139	-10	-99	209	-164	-0.5	0.0	-0.4	0.7	-0.6
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	3,584	3,737	3,068	4,087	2,987	10.2	10.4	8.4	11.0	8.0
At expanding establishments	2,526	2,852	2,236	2,556	1,973	7.2	7.9	6.1	6.9	5.3
At opening establishments	1,058	885	832	1,531	1,014	3.0	2.5	2.3	4.1	2.7
Gross job losses	2,814	2,560	3,109	3,092	3,325	8.0	7.2	8.5	8.4	8.9
At contracting establishments	1,903	1,894	2,181	2,142	2,586	5.4	5.3	6.0	5.8	6.9
At closing establishments	911	666	928	950	739	2.6	1.9	2.5	2.6	2.0
Net employment change (2)	770	1,177	-41	995	-338	2.2	3.2	-0.1	2.6	-0.9
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	5,769	6,705	5,207	5,751	5,069	12.3	13.9	10.8	12.0	10.5
At expanding establishments	4,604	5,110	4,029	4,517	3,871	9.8	10.6	8.4	9.4	8.0
At opening establishments	1,165	1,595	1,178	1,234	1,198	2.5	3.3	2.4	2.6	2.5
Gross job losses	4,784	4,865	6,378	5,409	5,133	10.2	10.1	13.2	11.3	10.7
At contracting establishments	4,000	3,777	5,396	4,206	4,416	8.5	7.8	11.2	8.8	9.2
At closing establishments	784	1,088	982	1,203	717	1.7	2.3	2.0	2.5	1.5
Net employment change (2)	985	1,840	-1,171	342	-64	2.1	3.8	-2.4	0.7	-0.2
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	925	1,094	1,074	1,131	1,015	8.0	9.4	9.1	9.4	8.3
At expanding establishments	713	840	853	870	784	6.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	6.4
At opening establishments	212	254	221	261	231	1.8	2.2	1.9	2.2	1.9
Gross job losses	732	765	854	976	917	6.4	6.6	7.1	8.1	7.6
At contracting establishments	526	605	623	821	740	4.6	5.2	5.2	6.8	6.1
At closing establishments	206	160	231	155	177	1.8	1.4	1.9	1.3	1.5
Net employment change (2)	193	329	220	155	98	1.6	2.8	2.0	1.3	0.7
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022
United States(1)	7.7	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.2	5.4	5.4	6.7	5.8	5.9
Alabama	7.6	6.2	6.6	7.1	6.5	5.2	6.0	7.0	6.2	6.0
Alaska	11.8	10.1	10.1	8.6	10.9	8.7	9.3	9.6	10.3	9.3
Arizona	6.8	6.8	6.7	7.9	6.7	5.0	5.7	7.3	5.5	6.1
Arkansas	7.8	5.9	5.6	6.4	6.1	4.8	5.4	6.0	5.5	5.3
California	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.5	5.5	5.6	7.2	6.1	6.6
Colorado	7.6	7.5	7.3	5.0	7.6	6.1	6.3	6.7	5.8	6.9
Connecticut	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.3	5.9	5.3	5.3	6.5	6.2	6.0
Delaware	8.2	7.3	6.5	8.6	6.7	6.0	5.6	8.2	6.1	7.6
District of Columbia	7.3	6.0	6.0	7.2	5.6	4.9	4.9	6.8	4.8	5.6
Florida	7.7	6.5	7.5	7.8	6.2	6.0	5.7	6.9	5.5	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.8	6.6	7.0	6.5	5.5	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.9
Hawaii	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.1	5.1	5.9	4.8	4.8
Idaho	8.5	8.5	7.1	8.5	8.4	6.3	6.2	9.1	7.5	6.9
Illinois	7.5	6.2	5.9	6.0	5.4	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.3	5.2
Indiana	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8	5.5	5.2
Iowa	6.6	6.5	5.8	5.8	6.4	5.4	5.3	6.7	6.0	6.3
Kansas	7.6	6.2	6.5	7.6	6.3	5.3	5.4	7.5	5.6	5.6
Kentucky	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.7	5.9	4.9	5.0	8.7	5.4	5.3
Louisiana	9.6	6.5	6.6	7.3	6.0	5.8	7.1	7.3	5.7	6.5
Maine	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.4	7.3	6.9	6.1	8.1	7.4	6.9
Maryland	7.3	6.6	6.7	7.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1	6.0	6.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.1	6.2	5.5	5.7	5.1	5.4	6.1	5.8
Michigan	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5	5.9	5.2
Minnesota	7.3	6.0	6.6	6.8	6.2	5.2	5.4	7.1	6.0	6.0
Mississippi	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.2	6.8	5.7	6.0	7.0	6.3	6.2
Missouri	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.8	6.0	5.5	5.4	5.9	6.3	5.8
Montana	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.5	9.2	7.2	8.5	9.4	7.7	7.8
Nebraska	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	6.6	6.2	5.7
Nevada	8.3	6.8	6.9	7.6	6.4	4.8	5.2	6.7	5.7	6.2
New Hampshire	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.9	6.7	6.4	5.4	7.9	6.7	6.0
New Jersey	8.7	7.1	6.5	6.8	6.8	5.4	5.5	6.3	6.3	5.9
New Mexico	8.2	7.4	6.5	7.7	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1	5.9	6.2
New York	7.7	6.7	7.1	6.7	6.0	5.4	5.2	6.6	6.0	6.2
North Carolina	8.1	6.5	6.3	6.6	5.9	5.0	5.3	6.2	5.9	5.4
North Dakota	7.6	7.5	6.8	7.6	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.4	6.7
Ohio	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.2	4.8	6.3	5.6	5.8
Oklahoma	7.6	6.3	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2	5.5	6.0
Oregon	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.7	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1	8.6	6.4
Pennsylvania	6.8	6.3	5.5	6.1	5.5	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.2	5.1
Rhode Island	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.7	6.9	6.6	5.7	7.3	7.4	6.5
South Carolina	7.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	7.0	5.3	6.2	6.9	5.6	6.2
South Dakota	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.3	6.5	5.9	6.1	6.8	6.4	6.4
Tennessee	7.3	6.6	6.3	7.0	5.8	5.6	4.7	6.4	5.4	5.7
Texas	7.7	6.3	6.5	7.4	6.2	4.8	5.4	6.1	5.2	5.3
Utah	7.5	7.8	7.0	7.9	6.8	6.0	5.9	6.8	6.7	6.6
Vermont	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.2	7.8	6.9	6.3	8.4	8.0	7.1
Virginia	7.2	6.4	6.5	7.5	6.2	5.3	5.8	7.0	6.1	5.8
Washington	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.1	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1	6.1	5.3
West Virginia	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.7	6.0	5.9	7.9	6.5	6.6
Wisconsin	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	6.1	5.2	4.8	6.8	5.9	5.6
Wyoming	10.1	8.9	8.4	9.2	9.2	7.8	8.3	9.1	8.5	8.0
Puerto Rico	6.4	7.0	6.5	6.2	6.7	5.5	4.9	6.1	5.2	6.1
Virgin Islands	8.0	6.9	8.8	7.9	6.0	9.5	10.3	12.6	4.9	4.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.