Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2019
19-3041 Sociologists
Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members.
National estimates for this occupation
Industry profile for this occupation
Geographic profile for this occupation
National estimates for this occupation:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for this occupation:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 2,630 |
7.6 % |
$43.55 |
$90,590 |
2.6 % |
Percentile wage estimates for this occupation:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$22.56 |
$30.03 |
$40.10 |
$52.16 |
$68.16 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$46,920 |
$62,460 |
$83,420 |
$108,500 |
$141,770 |
Industry profile for this occupation:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for this occupation are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
1,270 |
0.18 |
$48.43 |
$100,730 |
| State Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OES Designation) |
450 |
0.02 |
$42.09 |
$87,540 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
400 |
0.01 |
$36.67 |
$76,270 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
40 |
0.00 |
$33.21 |
$69,080 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
1,270 |
0.18 |
$48.43 |
$100,730 |
| State Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OES Designation) |
450 |
0.02 |
$42.09 |
$87,540 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
400 |
0.01 |
$36.67 |
$76,270 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
40 |
0.00 |
$33.21 |
$69,080 |
Top paying industries for this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
1,270 |
0.18 |
$48.43 |
$100,730 |
| State Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OES Designation) |
450 |
0.02 |
$42.09 |
$87,540 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
400 |
0.01 |
$36.67 |
$76,270 |
| Local Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OES Designation) |
(8) |
(8) |
$35.00 |
$72,800 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
40 |
(7) |
$33.21 |
$69,080 |
Geographic profile for this occupation:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for this occupation are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| California |
1,020 |
0.06 |
3.27 |
$47.54 |
$98,890 |
| New York |
160 |
0.02 |
0.95 |
$39.67 |
$82,510 |
| Massachusetts |
110 |
0.03 |
1.75 |
$44.97 |
$93,540 |
| Michigan |
110 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
$42.75 |
$88,920 |
| Ohio |
100 |
0.02 |
0.99 |
$33.13 |
$68,920 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| South Dakota |
40 |
0.09 |
5.29 |
$26.20 |
$54,490 |
| California |
1,020 |
0.06 |
3.27 |
$47.54 |
$98,890 |
| Utah |
60 |
0.04 |
2.08 |
$34.57 |
$71,900 |
| Washington |
90 |
0.03 |
1.53 |
$34.90 |
$72,590 |
| Michigan |
110 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
$42.75 |
$88,920 |
Top paying States for this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Pennsylvania |
60 |
0.01 |
0.54 |
$61.07 |
$127,020 |
| Oregon |
30 |
0.02 |
0.90 |
$59.68 |
$124,140 |
| New Jersey |
40 |
0.01 |
0.54 |
$55.53 |
$115,500 |
| North Carolina |
40 |
0.01 |
0.49 |
$53.25 |
$110,770 |
| California |
1,020 |
0.06 |
3.27 |
$47.54 |
$98,890 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
300 |
0.12 |
6.87 |
$48.76 |
$101,420 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
270 |
0.04 |
2.45 |
$48.98 |
$101,870 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
140 |
0.01 |
0.81 |
$41.90 |
$87,160 |
| Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
110 |
0.11 |
6.24 |
$43.30 |
$90,070 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
110 |
0.04 |
2.13 |
(8) |
(8) |
| Columbus, OH |
80 |
0.07 |
4.13 |
$33.42 |
$69,510 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
80 |
0.02 |
1.33 |
$47.37 |
$98,540 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
60 |
0.05 |
2.95 |
$47.57 |
$98,940 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
50 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
$35.32 |
$73,460 |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA |
50 |
0.53 |
29.60 |
$43.90 |
$91,320 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA |
50 |
0.53 |
29.60 |
$43.90 |
$91,320 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
300 |
0.12 |
6.87 |
$48.76 |
$101,420 |
| Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
110 |
0.11 |
6.24 |
$43.30 |
$90,070 |
| Columbus, OH |
80 |
0.07 |
4.13 |
$33.42 |
$69,510 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
60 |
0.05 |
2.95 |
$47.57 |
$98,940 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
110 |
0.04 |
2.13 |
(8) |
(8) |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
270 |
0.04 |
2.45 |
$48.98 |
$101,870 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
50 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
$35.32 |
$73,460 |
| San Diego-Carlsbad, CA |
40 |
0.03 |
1.51 |
$52.88 |
$109,980 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
80 |
0.02 |
1.33 |
$47.37 |
$98,540 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| San Diego-Carlsbad, CA |
40 |
0.03 |
1.51 |
$52.88 |
$109,980 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
270 |
0.04 |
2.45 |
$48.98 |
$101,870 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
300 |
0.12 |
6.87 |
$48.76 |
$101,420 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
60 |
0.05 |
2.95 |
$47.57 |
$98,940 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
80 |
0.02 |
1.33 |
$47.37 |
$98,540 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
$45.88 |
$95,440 |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA |
50 |
0.53 |
29.60 |
$43.90 |
$91,320 |
| Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
110 |
0.11 |
6.24 |
$43.30 |
$90,070 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
140 |
0.01 |
0.81 |
$41.90 |
$87,160 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
50 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
$35.32 |
$73,460 |
About May 2019 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The top employment and wage figures are provided above. The complete list is available in the downloadable XLS files.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate--50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(7) The value is less than .005 percent of industry employment.
(8) Estimate not released.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OES estimates and related information:
May 2019 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2019 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2019 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2019 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2019 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: July 6, 2020
United States Department of Labor
