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Economic News Release
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State Unemployment (Annual) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 1, 2024                                      USDL-24-0397

Technical information:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau 
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     REGIONAL AND STATE UNEMPLOYMENT -- 2023 ANNUAL AVERAGES


In 2023, annual average unemployment rates decreased in 6 states, increased in 2 states, and
were little changed in 42 states and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. Employment-population ratios increased in 10 states and were little
changed in 40 states and the District. The U.S. jobless rate was unchanged over the year at
3.6 percent, while the national employment-population ratio rose by 0.3 percentage point to
60.3 percent.

Regional Unemployment

In 2023, the West was the only census region to post a change in its annual average unemployment
rate from 2022 (+0.2 percentage point). The Midwest, 3.4 percent, and South, 3.3 percent,
registered jobless rates lower than the U.S. rate in 2023, while the West, 4.2 percent, had
a rate higher than the national figure. The unemployment rates in the Midwest and South were 
the lowest in their annual average series. All region, division, and state series begin in 1976.
(See table 1.)

The Pacific was the only census division that had an over-the-year unemployment rate change in
2023 (+0.3 percentage point). The West North Central had the lowest jobless rate, 2.8 percent.
The highest jobless rates among the divisions were in the Pacific, 4.5 percent, and Middle
Atlantic, 4.0 percent. The East South Central, New England, South Atlantic, and West North Central
divisions had rates below the national figure, while the Middle Atlantic and Pacific divisions
had rates above it. The rates in the East South Central (3.3 percent) and South Atlantic (3.0 
percent) set new annual average series lows.

 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
|											       |
|                     Changes to Local Area Unemployment Statistics Data		       |
|											       |
| Effective with this news release, data for regions, divisions, states, the District of       |
| Columbia, and modeled substate areas have been re-estimated from 2019 through 2023. The      |
| annual average data shown in tables 1 and 2 were affected, as were monthly seasonally        |
| adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. Information on these data revisions is available  |
| at www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.							       |
|______________________________________________________________________________________________|


State Unemployment

Six states had unemployment rate decreases in 2023, the largest of which were in Maryland (-0.9
percentage point) and Pennsylvania (-0.7 point). The only two states with over-the-year rate
increases were California and New Jersey (+0.5 percentage point each). The remaining 42 states
and the District of Columbia had annual average jobless rates in 2023 that were not appreciably
different from those of the previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large
numerically as the significant changes. (See table A.)

North Dakota had the lowest jobless rate among the states in 2023, 1.9 percent. Nevada had the
highest unemployment rate, 5.1 percent. Overall, 23 states had unemployment rates lower than the
U.S. figure of 3.6 percent, 6 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 21 states
had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. Six states set new annual
average series low unemployment rates in 2023: Maryland (2.1 percent), Mississippi (3.2 percent),
North Dakota (1.9 percent), Ohio (3.5 percent), Pennsylvania (3.4 percent), and Vermont (2.0
percent). (See table B.)

Regional Employment-Population Ratios

In 2023, three census regions had increases in their employment-population ratios--the proportion
of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over who are employed. The 
Northeast had the largest ratio increase (+0.6 percentage point), followed by the Midwest (+0.4
point) and South (+0.3 point). The Midwest had the highest employment-population ratio, 62.1 
percent, while the South had the lowest ratio, 59.3 percent. (See table 2.)

Five census divisions had over-the-year increases in their employment-population ratios in 2023,
the largest of which was in the Middle Atlantic (+0.8 percentage point). Three divisions had ratios
notably higher than the U.S. ratio of 60.3 percent: the West North Central, 64.8 percent; New
England, 62.1 percent; and Mountain, 62.0 percent. Three divisions had ratios that were lower
than the national average: the East South Central, 55.8 percent; South Atlantic, 59.5 percent; and
Pacific, 59.6 percent.

State Employment-Population Ratios

In 2023, the largest employment-population ratio increase among the states occurred in Michigan
(+1.6 percentage points), followed by Vermont and Virginia (+1.3 points each). Seven other states
also had significant increases in their ratios. The remaining 40 states and the District of Columbia
had ratios that were not notably different from those of the previous year, though some had changes
that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table C.)

The District of Columbia had the highest proportion of employed people in 2023, 68.2 percent, which
also set a new high in its annual average series. The next highest ratios were in North Dakota, 67.9
percent, and Utah, 67.7 percent. Mississippi and West Virginia had the lowest employment-population
ratios among the states, 52.3 percent and 52.8 percent, respectively. Overall, 21 states and the 
District had employment-population ratios higher than the U.S. ratio of 60.3 percent, 16 states had
lower ratios, and 13 states had ratios that were not appreciably different from that of the nation.
(See table D.)

_____________
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for January 2024 is scheduled to be released
on Monday, March 11, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news
release for January 2024 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, March 13, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A.  States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes, 
2022-23 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate           |               
                                |-------------------------| Over-the-year 
             State              |            |            |  rate change  
                                |    2022    |    2023    |               
--------------------------------|------------|------------|---------------
California .....................|     4.3    |     4.8    |       0.5
Maryland .......................|     3.0    |     2.1    |       -.9
Mississippi ....................|     3.8    |     3.2    |       -.6
New Jersey .....................|     3.9    |     4.4    |        .5
Ohio ...........................|     4.0    |     3.5    |       -.5
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.1    |     3.4    |       -.7
Vermont ........................|     2.3    |     2.0    |       -.3
Wyoming ........................|     3.4    |     2.9    |       -.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table B.  States with unemployment rates significantly differ-
ent from that of the U.S., 2023 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States .......................|           3.6
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.5
California ..........................|           4.8
District of Columbia ................|           4.9
Florida .............................|           2.9
Georgia .............................|           3.2
Hawaii ..............................|           3.0
Idaho ...............................|           3.1
Illinois ............................|           4.5
Iowa ................................|           2.9
Kansas ..............................|           2.7
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.9
Maryland ............................|           2.1
Minnesota ...........................|           2.8
Missouri ............................|           3.0
Montana .............................|           2.9
Nebraska ............................|           2.3
Nevada ..............................|           5.1
New Hampshire .......................|           2.2
New Jersey ..........................|           4.4
New York ............................|           4.2
                                     |
North Dakota ........................|           1.9
Rhode Island ........................|           3.0
South Carolina ......................|           3.0
South Dakota ........................|           2.0
Texas ...............................|           3.9
Utah ................................|           2.6
Vermont .............................|           2.0
Virginia ............................|           2.9
Wisconsin ...........................|           3.0
Wyoming .............................|           2.9
--------------------------------------------------------------


Table C.  States with statistically significant employment-population 
ratio changes, 2022-23 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Ratio          |               
                                |-------------------------| Over-the-year 
             State              |            |            | ratio change  
                                |    2022    |    2023    |               
--------------------------------|------------|------------|---------------
Florida ........................|    57.3    |    57.9    |       0.6
Maryland .......................|    62.8    |    63.7    |        .9
Michigan .......................|    57.9    |    59.5    |       1.6
Nevada .........................|    58.4    |    59.5    |       1.1
New Mexico .....................|    54.2    |    55.1    |        .9
New York .......................|    57.6    |    58.6    |       1.0
Oklahoma .......................|    59.9    |    60.9    |       1.0
Pennsylvania ...................|    59.3    |    60.1    |        .8
Vermont ........................|    62.1    |    63.4    |       1.3
Virginia .......................|    63.2    |    64.5    |       1.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table D.  States with employment-population ratios significantly
different from that of the U.S., 2023 annual averages
----------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Ratio          
----------------------------------------------------------------
United States .......................|           60.3
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           55.8
Alaska ..............................|           62.4
Arkansas ............................|           55.6
California ..........................|           59.1
Colorado ............................|           66.2
Connecticut .........................|           61.8
Delaware ............................|           58.5
District of Columbia ................|           68.2
Florida .............................|           57.9
Hawaii ..............................|           58.4
                                     |
Illinois ............................|           61.4
Iowa ................................|           65.8
Kansas ..............................|           64.8
Kentucky ............................|           54.8
Louisiana ...........................|           56.5
Maine ...............................|           57.5
Maryland ............................|           63.7
Massachusetts .......................|           62.9
Minnesota ...........................|           66.4
Mississippi .........................|           52.3
                                     |
Nebraska ............................|           67.5
New Hampshire .......................|           63.6
New Jersey ..........................|           62.0
New Mexico ..........................|           55.1
New York ............................|           58.6
North Carolina ......................|           58.9
North Dakota ........................|           67.9
South Carolina ......................|           55.7
South Dakota ........................|           66.8
Tennessee ...........................|           57.9
                                     |
Texas ...............................|           61.9
Utah ................................|           67.7
Vermont .............................|           63.4
Virginia ............................|           64.5
Washington ..........................|           61.7
West Virginia .......................|           52.8
Wisconsin ...........................|           63.8
Wyoming .............................|           62.1
----------------------------------------------------------------




Technical Note

This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions and states
from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The LAUS program is a federal-state
cooperative endeavor.

Concepts

Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS),
a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S.
Census Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed and unemployed people on a place-of-residence
basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older.
Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (the week
including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm,
plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid,
for such reasons as labor management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed people are those who
were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for
a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for
work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is the number 
of unemployed people expressed as a percent of the labor force. The employment-population ratio is
the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older that is employed.

Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long
Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State
are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method uses data from 
several sources, including the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey of nonfarm payroll
employment, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state of California are
derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and 
the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are derived by summing the estimates
for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for all nine census divisions are 
based on a similar regression approach that does not incorporate CES or UI data. Estimates for census
regions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component divisions and then 
calculating the unemployment rate. Each month, census division estimates are controlled to national
totals; state estimates are then controlled to their respective division totals. Estimates for Puerto
Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A detailed description of the
estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. 

Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made at the
beginning of each year. The adjusted estimates incorporate updated population controls from the U.S.
Census Bureau, any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. The population 
controls reflect a "blended base," with elements from three independent data sources for April 1, 2020.
In most years, historical data for the most recent 5 years (both seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted) are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 
estimates. Though the labor force estimates typically are updated for 5 years, the population controls
are revised back to the most recent decennial estimates base (April 2020).

Reliability of the estimates

The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling
variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. In table 1,
level estimates for states may not sum to level estimates for regions and divisions because of rounding.
Unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are computed from unrounded levels and, thus,
may differ slightly from rates and ratios computed using the rounded level estimates displayed in table
1.

Use of error measures. Changes in unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are cited in the
analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant. Furthermore,
unemployment rates and employment-population ratios for the latest year generally are cited only if 
they have been determined to be significantly different from the corresponding U.S. measure. The 
underlying model-based error measures are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. BLS uses
90-percent confidence levels in determining whether changes in LAUS unemployment rates and employment-
population ratios are statistically significant. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change in
an annual state unemployment rate that is required in order to be statistically significant at the 90-
percent confidence level is about 0.4 percentage point. The average magnitude of the over-the-year 
change in an annual state employment-population ratio that is required in order to be statistically 
significant at the 90-percent confidence level is about 0.8 percentage point. Measures of nonsampling
error are not available.

Additional information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.




Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over by region, division, and state, 2022-23 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Region, division, and state Population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Error range of
rate, 2023(1)
2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023

United States

263,973 266,942 164,287 167,116 158,291 161,037 5,996 6,080 3.6 3.6 3.6 – 3.7

Northeast

46,231 46,299 28,810 29,082 27,667 27,977 1,143 1,106 4.0 3.8 3.6 – 4.0

New England

12,426 12,488 8,012 8,017 7,734 7,758 278 258 3.5 3.2 3.0 – 3.5

Connecticut

2,934 2,948 1,912 1,893 1,834 1,822 78 71 4.1 3.8 3.1 – 4.4

Maine

1,152 1,162 681 687 662 668 19 20 2.8 2.9 2.3 – 3.5

Massachusetts

5,741 5,766 3,744 3,752 3,606 3,625 137 126 3.7 3.4 3.0 – 3.8

New Hampshire

1,160 1,167 760 760 743 743 17 17 2.3 2.2 1.8 – 2.6

Rhode Island

898 902 572 574 554 557 18 17 3.2 3.0 2.4 – 3.6

Vermont

540 542 344 351 336 344 8 7 2.3 2.0 1.7 – 2.4

Middle Atlantic

33,805 33,811 20,797 21,066 19,933 20,218 864 847 4.2 4.0 3.8 – 4.3

New Jersey

7,402 7,439 4,736 4,830 4,553 4,616 184 214 3.9 4.4 3.9 – 4.9

New York

15,937 15,893 9,596 9,718 9,179 9,307 417 411 4.3 4.2 3.9 – 4.6

Pennsylvania

10,466 10,479 6,465 6,518 6,202 6,296 263 223 4.1 3.4 3.1 – 3.8

Midwest

54,397 54,656 34,744 35,128 33,538 33,919 1,206 1,208 3.5 3.4 3.3 – 3.6

East North Central

37,450 37,599 23,490 23,768 22,570 22,873 919 896 3.9 3.8 3.6 – 4.0

Illinois

10,012 10,022 6,422 6,438 6,127 6,151 294 287 4.6 4.5 4.0 – 4.9

Indiana

5,337 5,375 3,374 3,401 3,271 3,288 103 113 3.1 3.3 2.9 – 3.8

Michigan

8,058 8,085 4,866 5,008 4,664 4,812 202 195 4.1 3.9 3.5 – 4.3

Ohio

9,318 9,359 5,733 5,787 5,503 5,582 230 205 4.0 3.5 3.1 – 3.9

Wisconsin

4,726 4,760 3,095 3,134 3,005 3,039 90 95 2.9 3.0 2.6 – 3.5

West North Central

16,947 17,056 11,254 11,360 10,968 11,047 286 313 2.5 2.8 2.5 – 3.0

Iowa

2,510 2,523 1,706 1,709 1,658 1,659 48 50 2.8 2.9 2.5 – 3.4

Kansas

2,259 2,270 1,503 1,511 1,463 1,471 40 40 2.6 2.7 2.2 – 3.1

Minnesota

4,505 4,535 3,071 3,100 2,993 3,013 79 87 2.6 2.8 2.4 – 3.2

Missouri

4,867 4,895 3,037 3,088 2,957 2,994 79 94 2.6 3.0 2.6 – 3.5

Nebraska

1,515 1,527 1,050 1,055 1,028 1,031 23 24 2.2 2.3 1.9 – 2.6

North Dakota

597 602 412 417 404 409 8 8 2.0 1.9 1.6 – 2.2

South Dakota

694 704 475 480 465 471 10 10 2.0 2.0 1.6 – 2.4

South

100,949 102,396 61,631 62,839 59,534 60,755 2,097 2,084 3.4 3.3 3.2 – 3.4

South Atlantic

53,676 54,469 32,710 33,409 31,670 32,398 1,040 1,012 3.2 3.0 2.9 – 3.2

Delaware

819 832 497 507 476 486 21 20 4.3 4.0 3.4 – 4.5

District of Columbia

548 555 388 398 370 379 18 20 4.7 4.9 4.3 – 5.5

Florida

18,084 18,437 10,692 10,989 10,371 10,669 321 320 3.0 2.9 2.6 – 3.2

Georgia

8,484 8,610 5,222 5,306 5,058 5,136 164 170 3.1 3.2 2.8 – 3.6

Maryland

4,870 4,892 3,155 3,185 3,060 3,117 95 68 3.0 2.1 1.7 – 2.6

North Carolina

8,434 8,574 5,156 5,232 4,966 5,051 190 181 3.7 3.5 3.1 – 3.8

South Carolina

4,188 4,275 2,393 2,453 2,316 2,380 77 73 3.2 3.0 2.5 – 3.4

Virginia

6,816 6,863 4,427 4,555 4,305 4,424 123 131 2.8 2.9 2.5 – 3.3

West Virginia

1,432 1,431 779 786 748 755 30 31 3.9 3.9 3.4 – 4.4

East South Central

15,368 15,509 8,917 8,945 8,615 8,652 302 293 3.4 3.3 3.0 – 3.5

Alabama

3,998 4,033 2,276 2,308 2,219 2,250 58 58 2.5 2.5 2.1 – 2.9

Kentucky

3,528 3,546 2,030 2,026 1,948 1,942 82 84 4.0 4.2 3.5 – 4.8

Mississippi

2,272 2,281 1,248 1,231 1,200 1,192 48 39 3.8 3.2 2.7 – 3.7

Tennessee

5,570 5,649 3,362 3,380 3,248 3,268 114 112 3.4 3.3 2.8 – 3.8

West South Central

31,905 32,419 20,004 20,485 19,248 19,706 756 779 3.8 3.8 3.6 – 4.0

Arkansas

2,372 2,395 1,360 1,378 1,316 1,333 44 45 3.2 3.3 2.8 – 3.7

Louisiana

3,545 3,542 2,069 2,077 1,993 2,000 76 77 3.7 3.7 3.2 – 4.2

Oklahoma

3,083 3,119 1,904 1,963 1,845 1,900 58 63 3.1 3.2 2.7 – 3.7

Texas

22,906 23,362 14,672 15,067 14,094 14,473 578 595 3.9 3.9 3.7 – 4.2

West

62,486 62,906 39,157 39,640 37,603 37,972 1,553 1,668 4.0 4.2 4.0 – 4.4

Mountain

20,114 20,385 12,831 13,111 12,383 12,643 448 468 3.5 3.6 3.3 – 3.8

Arizona

5,857 5,944 3,600 3,691 3,463 3,547 137 144 3.8 3.9 3.4 – 4.4

Colorado

4,672 4,723 3,187 3,230 3,089 3,128 98 102 3.1 3.2 2.7 – 3.7

Idaho

1,501 1,530 945 962 918 932 27 30 2.8 3.1 2.7 – 3.5

Montana

897 910 564 574 549 558 15 17 2.7 2.9 2.5 – 3.3

Nevada

2,527 2,555 1,558 1,603 1,476 1,520 81 82 5.2 5.1 4.5 – 5.8

New Mexico

1,676 1,686 947 965 909 929 39 36 4.1 3.8 3.2 – 4.3

Utah

2,527 2,575 1,738 1,790 1,697 1,743 41 47 2.4 2.6 2.2 – 3.0

Wyoming

457 462 293 295 283 287 10 9 3.4 2.9 2.4 – 3.4

Pacific

42,372 42,521 26,326 26,530 25,220 25,329 1,105 1,200 4.2 4.5 4.3 – 4.7

Alaska

546 548 354 357 339 342 15 15 4.2 4.2 3.5 – 4.9

California

31,041 31,124 19,169 19,308 18,349 18,388 820 920 4.3 4.8 4.5 – 5.0

Hawaii

1,124 1,124 673 676 651 656 22 20 3.3 3.0 2.5 – 3.5

Oregon

3,458 3,467 2,160 2,162 2,075 2,082 85 80 3.9 3.7 3.2 – 4.2

Washington

6,204 6,258 3,970 4,026 3,807 3,861 163 165 4.1 4.1 3.6 – 4.6

Puerto Rico

2,735 2,729 1,187 1,197 1,116 1,127 71 70 6.0 5.9 (2)-

Footnotes
(1) Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level and are based on unrounded data.
(2) Data not available.

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Unemployment rates are in percent and are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. As a result, they will not add to U.S. totals. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey.


Table 2. Employment-population ratios of persons 16 years of age and over by region, division, and state, 2022-23 annual averages
[Percent]
Region, division, and state Employment-population ratio(1) Over-the-year
change
Error range of
ratio, 2023(2)
2022 2023

United States

60.0 60.3 0.3 60.2 – 60.5

Northeast

59.8 60.4 0.6 60.0 – 60.9

New England

62.2 62.1 -0.1 61.5 – 62.8

Connecticut

62.5 61.8 -0.7 60.4 – 63.3

Maine

57.4 57.5 0.1 55.8 – 59.1

Massachusetts

62.8 62.9 0.1 61.8 – 63.9

New Hampshire

64.1 63.6 -0.5 62.4 – 64.9

Rhode Island

61.6 61.7 0.1 60.1 – 63.3

Vermont

62.1 63.4 1.3 62.1 – 64.7

Middle Atlantic

59.0 59.8 0.8 59.2 – 60.4

New Jersey

61.5 62.0 0.5 60.9 – 63.2

New York

57.6 58.6 1.0 57.8 – 59.3

Pennsylvania

59.3 60.1 0.8 59.2 – 61.0

Midwest

61.7 62.1 0.4 61.6 – 62.5

East North Central

60.3 60.8 0.5 60.3 – 61.4

Illinois

61.2 61.4 0.2 60.4 – 62.4

Indiana

61.3 61.2 -0.1 59.9 – 62.4

Michigan

57.9 59.5 1.6 58.4 – 60.6

Ohio

59.1 59.7 0.6 58.6 – 60.7

Wisconsin

63.6 63.8 0.2 62.5 – 65.2

West North Central

64.7 64.8 0.1 64.1 – 65.5

Iowa

66.1 65.8 -0.3 64.3 – 67.2

Kansas

64.7 64.8 0.1 63.4 – 66.1

Minnesota

66.4 66.4 0.0 65.1 – 67.8

Missouri

60.8 61.2 0.4 59.9 – 62.4

Nebraska

67.9 67.5 -0.4 66.3 – 68.8

North Dakota

67.6 67.9 0.3 66.1 – 69.7

South Dakota

67.0 66.8 -0.2 65.2 – 68.5

South

59.0 59.3 0.3 59.0 – 59.7

South Atlantic

59.0 59.5 0.5 59.0 – 59.9

Delaware

58.1 58.5 0.4 57.1 – 59.9

District of Columbia

67.5 68.2 0.7 66.8 – 69.6

Florida

57.3 57.9 0.6 57.1 – 58.6

Georgia

59.6 59.6 0.0 58.6 – 60.7

Maryland

62.8 63.7 0.9 62.3 – 65.2

North Carolina

58.9 58.9 0.0 57.9 – 59.9

South Carolina

55.3 55.7 0.4 54.5 – 56.8

Virginia

63.2 64.5 1.3 63.3 – 65.6

West Virginia

52.3 52.8 0.5 51.2 – 54.3

East South Central

56.1 55.8 -0.3 55.0 – 56.6

Alabama

55.5 55.8 0.3 54.4 – 57.2

Kentucky

55.2 54.8 -0.4 53.2 – 56.3

Mississippi

52.8 52.3 -0.5 50.9 – 53.6

Tennessee

58.3 57.9 -0.4 56.6 – 59.1

West South Central

60.3 60.8 0.5 60.2 – 61.3

Arkansas

55.5 55.6 0.1 54.4 – 56.9

Louisiana

56.2 56.5 0.3 55.3 – 57.7

Oklahoma

59.9 60.9 1.0 59.6 – 62.3

Texas

61.5 61.9 0.4 61.3 – 62.6

West

60.2 60.4 0.2 60.0 – 60.7

Mountain

61.6 62.0 0.4 61.4 – 62.6

Arizona

59.1 59.7 0.6 58.3 – 61.0

Colorado

66.1 66.2 0.1 64.9 – 67.6

Idaho

61.2 60.9 -0.3 59.6 – 62.2

Montana

61.2 61.3 0.1 60.1 – 62.5

Nevada

58.4 59.5 1.1 58.1 – 60.9

New Mexico

54.2 55.1 0.9 54.0 – 56.2

Utah

67.1 67.7 0.6 66.3 – 69.1

Wyoming

61.8 62.1 0.3 60.5 – 63.7

Pacific

59.5 59.6 0.1 59.1 – 60.0

Alaska

62.0 62.4 0.4 60.8 – 63.9

California

59.1 59.1 0.0 58.5 – 59.6

Hawaii

57.9 58.4 0.5 57.1 – 59.7

Oregon

60.0 60.0 0.0 58.6 – 61.5

Washington

61.4 61.7 0.3 60.5 – 62.9

Puerto Rico

40.8 41.3 0.5 (3)-

Footnotes
(1) Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over.
(2) Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level and are based on unrounded data.
(3) Data not available.

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Employment-population ratios are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey.


Last Modified Date: March 01, 2024