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News Release Information

23-1473-ATL
Friday, June 30, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:
  • (404) 893-4220

Occupational Employment and Wages in Winston-Salem — May 2022

Workers in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $26.14 in May 2022, 12 percent below the nationwide average of $29.76, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Victoria G. Lee noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 21 of the 22 major occupational groups, including arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media; construction and extraction; and sales and related. Educational instruction and library was the only group that had a significantly higher wage than its respective national average.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Winston area employment was more highly concentrated in 6 of the 22 occupational groups, including production, healthcare practitioners and technical, and transportation and material moving. Sixteen groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including management, computer and mathematical, and business and financial operations. (See table A.)

Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the Winston metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2022
Major occupational group Percent of total employment Mean hourly wage ($)
United States Winston United States Winston Percent difference (1)

Total, all occupations

100.0 100.0 29.76 26.14* -12

Management

6.7 5.4* 63.08 58.20* -8

Business and financial operations

6.5 5.5* 41.39 36.47* -12

Computer and mathematical

3.4 2.2* 51.99 46.53* -11

Architecture and engineering

1.7 1.0* 45.52 38.31* -16

Life, physical, and social science

0.9 0.6* 40.21 33.11* -18

Community and social service

1.6 1.0* 26.81 24.22* -10

Legal

0.8 0.7* 59.87 49.75* -17

Educational instruction and library

5.7 6.7* 30.41 32.29* 6

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

1.4 0.9* 36.78 26.87* -27

Healthcare practitioners and technical

6.1 9.0* 46.52 44.86* -4

Healthcare support

4.6 4.2* 17.10 16.24* -5

Protective service

2.3 1.9* 25.97 20.51* -21

Food preparation and serving related

8.5 8.7* 15.45 13.10* -15

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

2.9 2.7* 17.26 14.75* -15

Personal care and service

1.9 1.6* 17.41 15.21* -13

Sales and related

8.9 9.5* 24.22 19.70* -19

Office and administrative support

12.6 12.0* 21.90 19.83* -9

Farming, fishing, and forestry

0.3 0.1* 18.21 17.16* -6

Construction and extraction

4.1 3.5* 28.08 21.88* -22

Installation, maintenance, and repair

3.9 3.7* 26.77 23.77* -11

Production

5.9 9.0* 21.81 20.04* -8

Transportation and material moving

9.2 10.3* 21.12 17.80* -16

Footnotes:
(1) A positive percent difference measures how much the mean wage in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area is above the national mean wage, while a negative difference reflects a lower wage.
* The mean hourly wage or percent share of employment is significantly different from the national average of all areas at the 90-percent confidence level.

One occupational group—production—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Winston had 24,160 jobs in production, accounting for 9.0 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 5.9-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $20.04, significantly below the national wage of $21.81.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the production group included miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators (4,230), first-line supervisors of production and operating workers (1,850), metal and plastic molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders (1,740), and inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers (1,700). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were power plant operators ($32.36), first-line supervisors of production and operating workers ($31.30), and computer numerically controlled tool programmers ($31.10). At the lower end of the wage scale were textile, garment, and related materials pressers ($11.82) and laundry and dry-cleaning workers ($12.04). (Detailed data for the production occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_49180.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Winston area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the production group. For instance, textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders were employed at 13.7 times the national rate in Winston, and synthetic and glass fibers extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, at 7.1 times the U.S. average. Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders had a location quotient of 1.0 in Winston, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the North Carolina Department of Commerce.

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement.

The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. See North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS for details.


Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area included 2,209 establishments with a response rate of 74 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Davidson County, Davie County, Forsyth County, Stokes County, and Yadkin County.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for production occupations, Winston metropolitan area, May 2022
Occupation (1) Employment Mean wages ($)
Level (2) Location quotient (3) Hourly Annual (4)

Production occupations

24,160 1.5 20.04 41,670

First-line supervisors of production and operating workers

1,850 1.6 31.30 65,110

Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers

160 0.3 24.41 50,780

Engine and other machine assemblers

90 1.0 28.75 59,800

Structural metal fabricators and fitters

210 2.0 20.74 43,140

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators

4,230 1.6 18.12 37,690

Bakers

350 0.9 13.68 28,450

Butchers and meat cutters

160 0.7 17.09 35,550

Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers

130 0.6 15.60 32,440

Food batchmakers

160 0.5 14.44 30,030

Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

310 2.7 22.69 47,190

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

590 1.8 22.88 47,590

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

130 1.0 21.07 43,830

Machinists

960 1.7 23.47 48,830

Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

1,740 5.8 17.42 36,230

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

230 0.9 19.86 41,310

Tool and die makers

110 1.0 28.15 58,550

Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers

1,340 1.8 22.52 46,850

Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders

140 2.4 21.51 44,750

Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

60 1.0 18.24 37,940

Prepress technicians and workers

60 1.2 22.09 45,940

Printing press operators

400 1.5 20.68 43,000

Print binding and finishing workers

70 1.0 18.51 38,490

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers

330 1.1 12.04 25,050

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials

50 1.0 11.82 24,580

Sewing machine operators

640 3.0 14.45 30,060

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders

50 4.4 17.00 35,350

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders

80 3.9 17.24 35,850

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders

170 5.4 16.34 33,990

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders

590 13.7 16.59 34,500

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers

190 7.1 20.67 43,000

Upholsterers

350 7.1 17.84 37,110

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other

150 6.3 15.79 32,850

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters

270 1.6 15.04 31,280

Furniture finishers

50 2.0 16.05 33,380

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood

100 1.2 14.90 31,000

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing

350 3.1 16.42 34,150

Power plant operators

(5) (5) 32.36 67,300

Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators

200 0.9 21.66 45,050

Chemical equipment operators and tenders

60 0.3 21.05 43,780

Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders

80 0.8 20.28 42,190

Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders

210 1.1 18.87 39,240

Cutters and trimmers, hand

40 2.8 19.09 39,720

Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders

330 3.4 18.62 38,730

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders

110 1.1 18.81 39,130

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

1,700 1.6 20.41 42,450

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers

40 0.9 22.79 47,400

Dental laboratory technicians

40 0.7 25.96 54,000

Medical appliance technicians

60 2.0 (5) (5)

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

680 1.0 16.87 35,080

Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders

430 1.6 20.01 41,620

Computer numerically controlled tool operators

250 0.8 24.57 51,100

Computer numerically controlled tool programmers

110 2.1 31.10 64,680

Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders

130 6.1 18.33 38,130

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic

60 0.8 21.85 45,450

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders

410 2.5 19.06 39,640

Helpers--production workers

490 1.4 15.52 32,280

Production workers, all other

720 1.6 16.91 35,180

Footnotes:
(1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_49180.htm.
(2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
(4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(5) Estimate not released.

 

Last Modified Date: Friday, June 30, 2023