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Economic News Release
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Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data









Table 2.  Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data





	Industry
	2017 NAICS code
	2019
Employment
(thousands)		
	Average annual percent change, 1987-2019




	Labor productivity
	Unit labor costs
	Output
	Hours worked
	Labor compensation








	
Utilities

				





	




	
Utilities

	
22

	549.4
	2.2
	1.5
	1.4
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Utilities

	
221

	549.4
	2.2
	1.5
	1.4
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Power generation and supply

	
2211

	386.0
	2.9
	0.8
	1.9
	-0.9
	2.7





	
Natural gas distribution

	
2212

	110.1
	1.2
	3.0
	0.3
	-0.9
	3.3





	
Water, sewage and other systems

	
2213

	53.3
	-1.7
	4.8
	0.7
	2.4
	5.5





	




	
Transportation and Warehousing

				





	




	
Air transportation

	
481

	494.4
	3.0
	1.0
	2.8
	-0.2
	3.8





	
Line-haul railroads

	
482111

	158.8
	3.4
	-0.4
	1.7
	-1.7
	1.3





	
Truck transportation(1)

	
484

	1,763.5
	0.8
	1.0
	2.2
	1.4
	3.3





	
General freight trucking(1)

	
4841

	1,271.5
	1.3
	1.1
	2.5
	1.3
	3.6





	
General freight trucking, local(1)

	
48411

	341.2
	2.8
	0.1
	4.0
	1.2
	4.1





	
General freight trucking, long-distance

	
48412

	930.3
	1.3
	0.6
	2.4
	1.0
	3.0





	
Specialized freight trucking(2)

	
4842

	492.0
	1.0
	1.8
	2.2
	1.2
	4.1





	
Used household and office goods moving

	
48421

	100.9
	-0.8
	2.8
	-0.3
	0.5
	2.5





	
Other specialized trucking, local(2)

	
48422

	246.8
	0.6
	2.2
	2.2
	1.7
	4.5





	
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2)

	
48423

	144.3
	1.9
	1.2
	3.6
	1.7
	4.8





	
Postal service(3)

	
491

	607.2
	0.0
	3.2
	-0.7
	-0.6
	2.5





	
Postal service(3)

	
4911

	607.2
	0.0
	3.2
	-0.7
	-0.6
	2.5





	
Couriers and messengers

	
492

	883.6
	-2.3
	3.5
	0.7
	3.1
	4.2





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
493

	1,238.8
	1.3
	0.5
	5.7
	4.4
	6.2





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
4931

	1,238.8
	1.3
	0.5
	5.7
	4.4
	6.2





	
General warehousing and storage(1)

	
49311

	1,106.8
	2.3
	-0.2
	7.0
	4.6
	6.8





	
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1)

	
49312

	67.2
	0.5
	1.1
	3.6
	3.0
	4.7





	




	
Information

				





	




	
Publishing

	
511

	795.8
	4.3
	1.3
	4.0
	-0.3
	5.3





	
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

	
5111

	329.8
	0.2
	3.9
	-2.8
	-2.9
	1.0





	
Newspaper publishers

	
51111

	145.1
	-0.5
	3.8
	-4.3
	-3.9
	-0.6





	
Periodical publishers

	
51112

	90.2
	-0.1
	4.4
	-1.8
	-1.7
	2.6





	
Book publishers

	
51113

	59.8
	-0.1
	4.5
	-1.1
	-1.0
	3.3





	
Software publishers

	
5112

	466.0
	10.7
	-5.2
	17.5
	6.1
	11.3





	
Motion picture and video exhibition

	
51213

	149.0
	1.1
	2.4
	1.5
	0.4
	4.0





	
Broadcasting, except Internet

	
515

	278.0
	3.0
	1.4
	3.0
	0.0
	4.4





	
Radio and television broadcasting

	
5151

	222.0
	2.2
	1.4
	1.9
	-0.3
	3.4





	
Radio broadcasting

	
51511

	84.9
	3.6
	1.2
	2.4
	-1.2
	3.6





	
Cable and other subscription programming

	
5152

	56.0
	4.9
	2.5
	6.2
	1.2
	8.9





	
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers

	
5173

	631.4
	6.6
	-2.6
	5.7
	-0.9
	2.9





	
Wired telecommunications carriers

	
517311

	523.7
	3.8
	-0.2
	2.4
	-1.4
	2.2





	
Wireless telecommunications carriers

	
517312

	107.7
	12.0
	-6.7
	17.6
	5.0
	9.7





	




	
Finance and Insurance

				





	




	
Commercial banking

	
52211

	1,392.8
	2.8
	2.2
	2.7
	-0.1
	4.9





	




	
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

				





	




	
Passenger car rental

	
532111

	128.4
	2.0
	1.7
	3.0
	1.0
	4.8





	
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing

	
53212

	91.4
	2.2
	1.1
	3.2
	1.0
	4.4





	
Video tape and disc rental

	
532282

	7.3
	5.6
	-0.8
	-3.6
	-8.7
	-4.4





	




	
Professional and Technical Services

				





	




	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

	
5412

	1,186.3
	2.0
	1.7
	2.7
	0.7
	4.4





	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

	
54121

	1,186.3
	2.0
	1.7
	2.7
	0.7
	4.4





	
Offices of certified public accountants(4)

	
541211

	505.4
	2.1
	2.0
	3.1
	1.1
	5.2





	
Tax preparation services

	
541213

	137.7
	0.6
	2.4
	1.9
	1.4
	4.4





	
Other accounting services(4)

	
541219

	366.2
	3.3
	-0.4
	3.4
	0.1
	2.9





	
Architectural services

	
54131

	216.0
	1.5
	1.8
	2.7
	1.2
	4.5





	
Engineering services

	
54133

	1,047.4
	1.0
	2.8
	2.7
	1.7
	5.6





	
Advertising agencies

	
54181

	227.6
	2.0
	1.8
	2.6
	0.6
	4.5





	
Photography studios, portrait

	
541921

	52.3
	1.4
	1.2
	1.6
	0.2
	2.8





	
Veterinary services(5)

	
54194

	418.7
	-1.2
	4.7
	1.5
	2.7
	6.2





	




	
Administrative and Waste Services

				





	




	
Employment placement and executive search(6)

	
56131

	299.8
	4.2
	0.0
	5.1
	0.9
	5.2





	
Travel arrangement and reservation services(4)

	
5615

	248.1
	7.1
	-2.0
	5.1
	-1.8
	3.0





	
Travel agencies

	
56151

	107.3
	7.4
	-2.1
	6.1
	-1.2
	3.9





	
Janitorial services

	
56172

	1,374.1
	2.6
	0.9
	4.1
	1.5
	5.0





	




	
Health Care and Social Assistance

				





	




	
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(6)

	
6215

	298.7
	2.1
	0.6
	5.0
	2.9
	5.7





	
Medical laboratories(6)

	
621511

	211.5
	2.0
	0.5
	5.0
	2.9
	5.5





	
Diagnostic imaging centers(6)

	
621512

	87.2
	2.2
	0.9
	5.1
	2.8
	6.0





	
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(7)

	
6221,3

	5001.7
	0.3
	3.2
	1.8
	1.5
	5.1





	




	
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

				





	




	
Amusement parks and arcades(8)

	
7131

	228.0
	0.7
	4.6
	0.4
	-0.3
	5.1





	
Amusement and theme parks

	
71311

	195.4
	0.1
	4.1
	1.8
	1.7
	5.9





	
Gambling industries(4)

	
7132

	124.9
	2.2
	2.0
	1.7
	-0.4
	3.8





	
Golf courses and country clubs(2)

	
71391

	386.5
	-1.1
	4.2
	-0.1
	1.0
	4.1





	
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2)

	
71394

	707.4
	3.7
	-0.2
	4.3
	0.6
	4.1





	
Bowling centers

	
71395

	71.8
	0.6
	2.6
	-0.8
	-1.4
	1.8





	




	
Accommodation and Food Services

				





	




	
Accommodation and food services

	
72

	14,407.4
	0.8
	2.7
	2.4
	1.6
	5.1





	
Accommodation

	
721

	2,116.0
	1.9
	1.9
	2.7
	0.8
	4.6





	
Traveler accommodation

	
7211

	2,024.2
	1.9
	1.8
	2.8
	0.8
	4.7





	
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels

	
72111

	1,698.2
	1.3
	2.6
	2.1
	0.8
	4.7





	
Food services and drinking places

	
722

	12,291.4
	0.5
	3.0
	2.2
	1.7
	5.3





	
Special food services

	
7223

	873.8
	1.0
	1.7
	2.4
	1.3
	4.1





	
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages

	
7224

	417.2
	-0.5
	3.3
	-0.1
	0.4
	3.2





	
Restaurants and other eating places

	
72251

	11,000.4
	0.5
	3.2
	2.4
	1.8
	5.6





	
Full-service restaurants

	
722511

	5,573.4
	0.7
	3.5
	2.4
	1.7
	5.9





	
Limited-service eating places

	
722513,4,5

	5,427.0
	0.4
	2.8
	2.4
	2.0
	5.3





	




	
Other Services

				





	




	
Automotive repair and maintenance

	
8111

	1,163.3
	1.2
	2.1
	1.6
	0.4
	3.7





	
Reupholstery and furniture repair

	
81142

	22.4
	-1.5
	4.3
	-3.0
	-1.5
	1.2





	
Personal care services

	
8121

	1,314.9
	2.2
	1.7
	3.5
	1.2
	5.2





	
Hair, nail, and skin care services

	
81211

	1,079.3
	2.1
	1.7
	3.1
	1.0
	4.9





	
Funeral homes and funeral services

	
81221

	112.3
	-0.4
	4.1
	-0.5
	-0.1
	3.5





	
Drycleaning and laundry services

	
8123

	305.9
	1.9
	1.6
	1.0
	-0.8
	2.6





	
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners

	
81231

	42.9
	2.2
	2.2
	0.3
	-1.9
	2.5





	
Drycleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated)

	
81232

	129.2
	0.7
	2.2
	-1.3
	-2.0
	0.9





	
Linen and uniform supply

	
81233

	133.8
	2.1
	1.0
	3.1
	0.9
	4.1





	
Photofinishing

	
81292

	9.1
	2.0
	2.4
	-4.8
	-6.7
	-2.6









	

		Footnotes

		(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2019.

		(2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391, and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2019.

		(3) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, average annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September.

		(4) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2019.

		(5) For NAICS industry 54194, average annual percent changes are for 2004-2019.

		(6) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2019.

		(7) For NAICS industry 6221,3, average annual percent changes are for 1993-2018. Employment is for 2018.

		(8) For NAICS industry 7131, average annual percent changes are for 2007-2019.

Table of Contents

Last Modified Date: June 11, 2021