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Economic News Release
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OEWS OEWS Program Links

Occupational Employment and Wages News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 31, 2021 			         USDL-21-0581

Technical information:	(202) 691-6569  *  oewsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/oes 
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


			OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2020


Healthcare support occupations had employment of 6.4 million in May 2020, representing
4.6 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. The largest healthcare support occupation was home health and personal care 
aides (3.2 million) and the highest paying healthcare support occupation was occupational
therapy assistants ($63,420). The annual mean wage across all healthcare support 
occupations was $32,250, compared with the U.S. average wage of $56,310. (See table 1.)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program provides employment and
wage estimates for nearly 800 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately 530
areas. National data are available by industry for approximately 415 industry 
classifications and by ownership across all industries and for the educational services
and hospitals industries. This news release features healthcare support, educational 
instruction and library, and food preparation and serving related occupations, in 
addition to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations and 
employment and wages by typical entry-level educational requirement. National 
employment and wage information for all occupations is shown in table 1.

 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|           Notes on Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data            |
|											|
| The BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program has changed its name to 	|
| Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See box notes at the end of this  |
| news release for information on the following topics: the OEWS name change, the 	|
| impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OEWS data, the use of a hybrid 2010 and 2018 	|
| Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, and upcoming changes to OEWS	|
| methodology.										|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


Healthcare support occupations

   --The largest healthcare support occupations were home health and personal care aides
     (3.2 million), nursing assistants (1.4 million), and medical assistants (710,200). 
     Healthcare support workers assist healthcare practitioners and technical occupations,
     such as physicians and nurses. (See table 1.)

   --The largest healthcare support occupation, home health and personal care aides, was
     also the lowest paying, with an annual mean wage of $28,060. The lowest paying 
     healthcare support occupations also included physical therapist aides ($30,110) and
     veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ($30,980). (See table 1.)

   --The highest paying healthcare support occupations were occupational therapy 
     assistants ($63,420) and physical therapist assistants ($59,440). Both occupations
     typically require an associate's degree for entry. (See table 1.) 

   --Industries with the largest employment of healthcare support occupations were 
     individual and family services (1.5 million), home health care services (959,870),
     general medical and surgical hospitals (702,320), and nursing care facilities 
     (skilled nursing facilities) (630,550).

   --Alaska ($42,080) and Washington ($38,330) were the states with the highest wages 
     for healthcare support occupations.

National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.

State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm.

Educational instruction and library occupations

   --Educational instruction and library occupations had employment of 8.4 million, 
     representing 6.1 percent of U.S. employment, and an annual mean wage of $59,810.
     (See table 1.)

   --Seventy-four percent of educational instruction and library jobs were in the 
     public sector, compared with 15 percent of overall employment. Almost 88 percent 
     of elementary school teachers, except special education were employed in local 
     government.

   --The highest paying educational instruction and library occupations included 
     postsecondary law teachers ($134,760) and postsecondary health specialties teachers
     ($124,890). The lowest paying occupations in this group included teaching assistants,
     except postsecondary ($30,630) and short-term substitute teachers ($36,090). (See 
     table 1.)

   --Elementary school teachers, except special education had an annual mean wage of 
     $65,420 nationally. California ($85,110) and Massachusetts ($84,810) were among the 
     highest paying states for this occupation; Mississippi ($43,280) and South Dakota 
     ($44,790) were the lowest paying states.

Public/private sector ownership data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.

Food preparation and serving related occupations

   --Food preparation and serving related occupations had total employment of 11.3 million,
     representing 8.1 percent of U.S. employment. This was the lowest paying occupational 
     group overall, with an annual mean wage of $27,650. (See table 1.)

   --The largest food preparation and serving related occupations were fast food and 
     counter workers (3.5 million), waiters and waitresses (1.9 million), and restaurant 
     cooks (1.1 million). (See table 1.)

   --Chefs and head cooks ($58,740) was the only food preparation and serving related 
     occupation with a mean wage above the U.S. average of $56,310. The lowest paying food
     preparation and serving related occupations were fast food cooks ($24,300) and fast 
     food and counter workers ($24,540). (See table 1.)

   --Nearly 8.1 million food preparation and serving related jobs were in restaurants and
     other eating places, representing 72 percent of employment in this occupational group.
     After restaurants and other eating places, the industries with the largest employment
     of food preparation and serving related occupations were special food services 
     (447,500), which includes food service contractors and caterers, and food and beverage
     stores (401,770).

   --Food preparation and serving related occupations made up 16.7 percent of employment in
     Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC, compared with 8.1 percent of U.S. 
     employment. Metropolitan areas with the highest shares of food preparation and serving
     related occupations also included Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC, and 
     Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI (both 15.5 percent).

Metropolitan area data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations

   --There were over 9.3 million STEM jobs representing 6.7 percent of total U.S. 
     employment.

   --Six of the 10 largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included software
     developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers (1.5 million) and 
     computer user support specialists (634,820). (See table 1.)

   --Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-Lexington
     Park, MD (26.0 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (22.2 percent).

   --Industries with the highest shares of STEM occupations included computer systems design
     and related services (63.9 percent); architectural, engineering, and related services 
     (63.2 percent); and software publishers (59.1 percent). 

   --STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $98,340, compared with $53,220 for non-STEM
     occupations. Eighty-eight of the 98 STEM occupations had mean wages significantly above
     the all-occupations average of $56,310. (See table 1.)

   --The highest paying STEM occupations were the three STEM-related management 
     occupations--computer and information systems managers ($161,730), architectural and 
     engineering managers ($158,100), and natural sciences managers ($154,930)--and petroleum
     engineers ($154,330). (See table 1.)

   --The lowest paying STEM occupations were forest and conservation technicians ($42,780) 
     and agricultural and food science technicians ($45,920). (See table 1.)

Occupations included in the STEM definition used for this news release are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2020.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are available at 
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2020.htm.

Largest occupations

   --The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (3.7 million), fast food
     and counter workers (3.5 million), cashiers (3.3 million), and home health and 
     personal care aides (3.2 million). (See table 1.) 

   --Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages, including retail 
     salespersons ($30,940) and fast food and counter workers ($24,540). (See table 1.) 

   --Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($80,010) and general and operations
     managers ($125,740) were the only occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)

Public sector occupations

   --The public sector made up 15 percent of employment and had a different occupational 
     mix from the private sector. 

   --Many of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These 
     occupations included elementary school teachers, except special education (public 
     sector employment of 1.2 million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (1.0 
     million); secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education 
     (856,990); and middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education 
     (531,970).

   --Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the
     highest public sector employment included police and sheriff's patrol officers 
     (648,040); registered nurses (508,420); and secretaries and administrative 
     assistants, except legal, medical, and executive (483,020).

Typical entry-level education

   --Occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential for entry made up
     23 percent of employment. The largest occupations in this category were retail 
     salespersons (3.7 million) and fast food and counter workers (3.5 million). These 
     were also the two largest occupations overall.

   --Home health and personal care aides (3.2 million) was the largest occupation 
     typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry, followed by
     customer service representatives and general office clerks (each 2.8 million). 
     Occupations in this educational category made up about 38 percent of total employment.

   --Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up 39 percent
     of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically requiring a
     bachelor's degree for entry, made up nearly 24 percent of employment. This 
     educational category includes registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through
     secondary levels; and many management, business and financial operations, computer, 
     and engineering occupations.

   --Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual
     mean wages were $30,590 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational 
     credential for entry, $45,630 for occupations typically requiring a high school 
     diploma or the equivalent, $60,430 for occupations typically requiring an associate's
     degree, and $91,140 for occupations typically requiring a bachelor's degree.

   --The highest paying occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or equivalent
     for entry were commercial pilots ($110,830); transportation, storage, and distribution
     managers ($105,100); and nuclear power reactor operators ($104,470).

The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and 
training categories from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about the
system of education and training categories is available at 
www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entry-level educational 
requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2020 OEWS estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2020.xlsx. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2020.htm.


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|            Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Name Change             |
|											|
| The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program has changed its name to 		|
| Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) to better reflect the range of 	|
| data available from the program. Data released on or after March 31, 2021, will 	|
| reflect the new program name. Webpages, publications, and other materials associated  |
| with previous data releases will retain the Occupational Employment Statistics name.	|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
| Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on May 2020 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics |
|											|
| Due to features of the OEWS methodology, the May 2020 OEWS estimates do not fully 	|
| reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The May 2020 OEWS estimates are based on |
| survey panels collected for May 2020, November 2019, May 2019, November 2018, May 	|
| 2018, and November 2017. Because 5 of the 6 survey panels used to produce the 	|
| estimates date from before the COVID-19 pandemic, only the most recent (May 2020) 	|
| survey panel reflects changes in occupational proportions related to the COVID-19 	|
| pandemic. 										|
|											|
| The May 2020 OEWS employment estimates are benchmarked to the average of May 2020 and |
| November 2019 employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). 	|
| Although the May 2020 QCEW data reflect the early employment effects of the COVID-19 	|
| pandemic, the November 2019 QCEW employment data precede the pandemic, and therefore 	|
| do not reflect its impact.								|
|											|
| In addition, as a result of the pandemic, response rates for the November 2019 and 	|
| May 2020 panels were lower in some areas. Lower response rates may negatively affect  |
| data availability and data quality. 							|
|											|
| More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-	|
| occupational-employment-and-wage-statistics.htm.					|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|        Implementing the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System        |
|											|
| With the May 2019 estimates, the OEWS program began implementing the 2018 Standard 	|
| Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Because the May 2019 and May 2020 estimates |
| are based on a combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey 	|
| data collected using the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two 		|
| classification systems that contains some combinations of occupations that are not 	|
| found in either the 2010 or 2018 SOC. This is the second and final year that the 	|
| hybrid occupational structure will be used. The May 2021 estimates, to be published 	|
| in Spring 2022, will be the first OEWS estimates based entirely on survey data 	|
| collected using the 2018 SOC. 							|
|											|
| For more information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2019 	|
| and May 2020 estimates, please see 							|
| www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10. 			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|    Upcoming Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Methodology    |
|											|
| With the May 2021 estimates, to be released in Spring 2022, the OEWS program plans to |
| begin using a new estimation methodology. The new model-based methodology, called	|
| MB3, has advantages over the existing methodology, as described in the Monthly Labor 	|
| Review article at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-for-the-	|
| occupational-employment-statistics-program.htm. OEWS estimates for the years 2015-	|
| 2018 were recalculated using the new estimation methodology and are available as 	|
| research estimates at www.bls.gov/oes/oes-mb3-methods.htm. 				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|




Technical Note
 
Scope of the survey

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey 
measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-
industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas,
including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the
NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels;
and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies
(SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while
the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels
of approximately 180,000 to 185,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel
in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other
electronic means, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2020 estimates are based
on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2020,
November 2019, May 2019, November 2018, May 2018, and November 2017. The unweighted
sampled employment of 83 million across all six semiannual panels represents
approximately 56 percent of total national employment. The overall national response
rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 69
percent based on establishments and 66 percent based on weighted sampled employment. 

The occupational coding system

The May 2020 OEWS estimates contain nearly 800 occupational categories based on the
Office of Management and Budget's Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.
Together, these occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major
group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included. 

For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.

The May 2020 OEWS estimates use a hybrid of the 2010 and 2018 SOC systems. For more 
information on the hybrid classification system, please see the "Changes and special
procedures in the May 2020 estimates" section of this technical note.

The industry coding system

The May 2020 OEWS estimates use the 2017 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.

The OEWS survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of
logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support
activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are
excluded. OEWS federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal
executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local government, are
covered by the survey.

Survey sample

The OEWS survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental
sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OEWS survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
area, industry, and size.

To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be
selected than smaller employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the federal
government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.

Concepts

Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an 
occupation. The OEWS survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be 
classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or 
other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station,
regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The survey does not include the
self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid
family workers.

Wages for the OEWS survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate;
cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including
commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay,
severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary
benefits, and tuition reimbursements.

OEWS receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and most
state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OEWS survey data are placed into
12 intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual
rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage
rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishments are instructed
to report the hourly rate for part-time workers, and to report annual rates for occupations
that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as
teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers,
are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these
workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
 
Estimation methodology

The OEWS survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data collected
over a 3-year period. Each OEWS panel contains approximately 180,000 to 185,000 establishments.
The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million establishments allows the production of estimates
at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.

Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six panels
of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel
need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the
current panel's reference period.

The OEWS program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior
panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating procedure
adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according
to the average movement of its broader occupational division.

Imputation. Some establishments do not respond for a given panel. For most employers, a
"nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing occupational
employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute missing wage distributions.
In some cases, data for nonrespondents are available from earlier panels. In those cases,
the older data may be used and aged to represent the current reference period.

Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to represent all
establishments for the reference period. Weights are further adjusted by the ratio of
employment totals (the average of November 2019 and May 2020 employment) from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) to employment totals from the OEWS survey.

Changes and special procedures in the May 2020 estimates

Due to features of the OEWS methodology, the May 2020 estimates do not fully reflect the 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because 5 of the 6 survey panels used to produce 
the estimates date from before the COVID-19 pandemic, only the most recent (May 2020) 
survey panel will reflect changes in occupational proportions related to the pandemic.

In addition, because the OEWS employment estimates are benchmarked to the average of QCEW
employment for November 2019 and May 2020, the estimates will reflect only part of the 
pandemic's impact on employment as of May 2020. Although the May 2020 QCEW data reflect
the early employment effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the November 2019 QCEW employment
data precede the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore do not reflect its impact.

As a result of the pandemic, response rates for the November 2019 and May 2020 panels 
were lower in some areas. Lower response rates may negatively affect data availability 
and data quality.

For more information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OEWS, see 
www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-occupational-employment-and-wage-statistics.htm.

With the May 2019 estimates, the OEWS program began implementing the 2018 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Because the May 2020 estimates are based on a
combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data collected using
the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two classification systems that contains
some combinations of occupations that are not found in either the 2010 or 2018 SOC. These
combinations may include occupations from more than one 2018 SOC minor group or broad 
occupation. Therefore, OEWS will not publish data for some 2018 SOC minor groups and broad
occupations in the May 2020 estimates. The May 2021 estimates, to be published in Spring 
2022, will be the first OEWS estimates based entirely on survey data collected using the 
2018 SOC. 

In addition, the OEWS program has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with SOC
broad occupations or OEWS-specific aggregations. These include home health aides and
personal care aides, for which OEWS will publish only the 2018 SOC broad occupation 31-1120
Home Health and Personal Care Aides.

More information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2020 OEWS
estimates is available at www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and in the OEWS frequently asked
questions at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10.

The May 2020 OEWS estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 17-01. For more information, please see 
www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm.





Table 1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2020
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                          Median
                                     Occupation                                         Employment        Mean wages      hourly
                                                                                                     Hourly    Annual(1)   wages
                                                                                                                                
All occupations                                                                        139,099,570   $27.07    $56,310    $20.17
                                                                                                                                
Management occupations                                                                   7,947,300    60.81    126,480     52.77
   Top executives.....................................................................   2,601,070    62.46    129,920     51.05
    Chief executives..................................................................     202,360    95.12    197,840     89.40
    General and operations managers...................................................   2,347,420    60.45    125,740     49.83
    Legislators.......................................................................      51,290     (²)      53,560      (²)
   Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers...........     763,970    71.51    148,740     64.48
    Advertising and promotions managers...............................................      22,490    70.94    147,560     64.16
    Marketing and sales managers......................................................     660,380    72.31    150,400     65.55
     Marketing managers...............................................................     270,200    74.27    154,470     68.35
     Sales managers...................................................................     390,170    70.95    147,580     63.60
    Public relations and fundraising managers.........................................      81,110    65.18    135,580     56.94
   Operations specialties managers....................................................   2,012,370    66.63    138,590     60.12
    Administrative services and facilities managers...................................     307,620    51.98    108,120     47.54
    Computer and information systems managers.........................................     457,290    77.76    161,730     72.67
    Financial managers................................................................     653,080    72.84    151,510     64.51
    Industrial production managers....................................................     179,570    56.82    118,190     52.30
    Purchasing managers...............................................................      70,960    63.78    132,660     60.55
    Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................     132,210    50.53    105,100     46.34
    Compensation and benefits managers................................................      16,340    65.94    137,160     60.16
    Human resources managers..........................................................     156,600    64.70    134,580     58.28
    Training and development managers.................................................      38,710    60.54    125,920     55.60
   Other management occupations.......................................................   2,569,880    51.40    106,910     45.76
    Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................       5,670    36.93     76,810     32.73
    Construction managers.............................................................     285,640    51.57    107,260     46.72
    Education and childcare administrators............................................     493,350    48.64    101,160     44.94
     Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare....................      46,410    26.41     54,940     23.63
     Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary.........................     262,480     (²)     103,010      (²)
     Education administrators, postsecondary..........................................     140,880    55.38    115,200     46.87
     Education administrators, all other..............................................      43,580    45.11     93,830     42.11
    Architectural and engineering managers............................................     195,900    76.01    158,100     71.89
    Food service managers.............................................................     197,010    29.33     61,000     27.21
    Gambling managers.................................................................       3,240    41.08     85,440     36.28
    Lodging managers..................................................................      31,790    31.38     65,270     27.25
    Medical and health services managers..............................................     402,540    57.12    118,800     50.13
    Natural sciences managers.........................................................      75,870    74.49    154,930     66.32
    Postmasters and mail superintendents..............................................      13,880    38.30     79,660     37.53
    Property, real estate, and community association managers.........................     219,800    35.20     73,210     28.68
    Social and community service managers.............................................     155,800    36.13     75,140     33.46
    Emergency management directors....................................................      10,210    40.53     84,310     36.66
    Funeral home managers.............................................................      10,010    44.01     91,530     35.67
    Personal service managers, all other; entertainment and recreation managers,                                                
     except gambling; and managers, all other.........................................     469,160    59.61    123,980     55.94
                                                                                                                                
Business and financial operations occupations                                            8,387,490    38.79     80,680     34.73
   Business operations specialists....................................................   5,632,020    37.66     78,320     34.35
    Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes.................      16,240    47.15     98,070     36.26
    Buyers and purchasing agents......................................................     419,920    34.80     72,370     32.06
    Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................     300,380    33.92     70,560     32.76
     Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators...................................     287,150    33.97     70,650     32.82
     Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................      13,220    32.95     68,540     31.52
    Compliance officers...............................................................     327,360    36.35     75,620     34.18
    Cost estimators...................................................................     199,360    35.08     72,960     32.03
    Human resources workers...........................................................     718,120    33.63     69,950     30.81
     Human resources specialists......................................................     647,810    33.38     69,430     30.52
     Farm labor contractors...........................................................       (4)      24.18     50,300     22.97
     Labor relations specialists......................................................      70,050    36.00     74,870     35.21
    Logisticians......................................................................     184,230    38.38     79,830     36.67
    Management analysts...............................................................     734,000    46.91     97,580     42.14
    Meeting, convention, and event planners...........................................     109,800    26.87     55,890     24.79
    Fundraisers.......................................................................      82,140    31.03     64,550     28.66
    Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists..............................      87,870    34.91     72,610     32.30
    Training and development specialists..............................................     318,040    32.43     67,440     30.14
    Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................     690,160    35.56     73,970     31.64
    Project management specialists and business operations specialists, all other.....   1,444,420    40.53     84,290     37.22
   Financial specialists..............................................................   2,755,470    41.11     85,510     35.50
    Accountants and auditors..........................................................   1,274,620    39.26     81,660     35.37
    Property appraisers and assessors.................................................      55,990    31.55     65,630     28.20
    Budget analysts...................................................................      49,260    39.75     82,690     37.97
    Credit analysts...................................................................      72,090    41.43     86,170     36.05
    Personal financial advisors.......................................................     218,050    58.89    122,490     42.95
    Insurance underwriters............................................................     101,790    38.65     80,390     34.51
    Financial examiners...............................................................      68,210    44.58     92,730     39.15
    Credit counselors and loan officers...............................................     339,470    35.81     74,490     29.63
     Credit counselors................................................................      30,770    24.01     49,940     22.20
     Loan officers....................................................................     308,700    36.99     76,930     30.75
    Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents.......................     115,750    27.40     57,000     24.32
     Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents.................................      53,150    29.83     62,040     26.75
     Tax preparers....................................................................      62,600    25.34     52,710     21.30
    Financial and investment analysts, financial risk specialists, and financial                                                
     specialists, all other...........................................................     460,250    46.46     96,630     40.22
                                                                                                                                
Computer and mathematical occupations                                                    4,587,700    46.53     96,770     43.92
   Computer occupations...............................................................   4,368,000    46.46     96,630     43.87
    Computer and information analysts.................................................     712,460    48.40    100,680     45.91
     Computer systems analysts........................................................     574,450    47.61     99,020     45.06
     Information security analysts....................................................     138,000    51.72    107,580     49.80
    Computer and information research scientists......................................      30,220    62.93    130,890     60.97
    Computer support specialists......................................................     819,040    28.92     60,160     26.69
     Computer network support specialists.............................................     184,220    34.16     71,040     31.47
     Computer user support specialists................................................     634,820    27.40     57,000     25.33
    Database and network administrators and architects................................     632,540    47.80     99,420     45.37
     Computer network architects......................................................     159,350    57.32    119,230     56.14
     Network and computer systems administrators......................................     339,560    43.01     89,460     40.77
     Database administrators and architects...........................................     133,630    48.60    101,090     47.53
    Software and web developers, programmers, and testers.............................   1,811,160    52.86    109,950     50.63
     Computer programmers.............................................................     178,140    45.98     95,640     42.88
     Software developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers..........   1,476,800    54.94    114,270     52.95
     Web developers and digital interface designers...................................     156,220    41.10     85,490     37.12
    Computer occupations, all other...................................................     362,580    46.51     96,740     44.65
   Mathematical science occupations...................................................     219,700    47.93     99,700     44.79
    Actuaries.........................................................................      22,480    59.22    123,180     53.38
    Mathematicians....................................................................       2,460    54.10    112,530     53.30
    Operations research analysts......................................................      96,220    44.37     92,280     41.44
    Statisticians.....................................................................      38,860    46.72     97,170     44.36
    Data scientists and mathematical science occupations, all other...................      59,680    49.97    103,930     47.23
                                                                                                                                
Architecture and engineering occupations                                                 2,515,040    43.41     90,300     39.98
   Architects, surveyors, and cartographers...........................................     180,930    39.44     82,030     36.63
    Architects, except naval..........................................................     124,630    41.89     87,130     38.63
     Architects, except landscape and naval...........................................     103,900    43.01     89,470     39.58
     Landscape architects.............................................................      20,730    36.27     75,440     33.96
    Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists...................................      56,310    34.01     70,740     31.85
     Cartographers and photogrammetrists..............................................      12,600    34.82     72,420     32.88
     Surveyors........................................................................      43,710    33.78     70,260     31.54
   Engineers..........................................................................   1,673,440    49.28    102,500     46.30
    Aerospace engineers...............................................................      60,630    58.23    121,110     57.02
    Agricultural engineers............................................................       1,440    48.86    101,620     40.58
    Bioengineers and biomedical engineers.............................................      18,660    47.28     98,340     44.53
    Chemical engineers................................................................      25,770    55.20    114,820     52.18
    Civil engineers...................................................................     300,850    45.88     95,440     42.58
    Computer hardware engineers.......................................................      64,710    60.65    126,140     57.48
    Electrical and electronics engineers..............................................     307,540    52.17    108,510     49.71
     Electrical engineers.............................................................     185,220    50.96    105,990     48.48
     Electronics engineers, except computer...........................................     122,320    54.00    112,320     51.70
    Environmental engineers...........................................................      50,260    46.58     96,890     44.29
    Industrial engineers, including health and safety.................................     313,980    45.14     93,890     42.93
     Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors.......      23,780    46.80     97,330     45.31
     Industrial engineers.............................................................     290,190    45.01     93,610     42.76
    Marine engineers and naval architects.............................................       8,700    47.88     99,590     45.89
    Materials engineers...............................................................      24,740    48.34    100,550     45.98
    Mechanical engineers..............................................................     293,960    45.94     95,560     43.35
    Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................       6,270    48.15    100,140     45.10
    Nuclear engineers.................................................................      15,700    60.16    125,130     55.84
    Petroleum engineers...............................................................      27,850    74.20    154,330     66.02
    Engineers, all other..............................................................     152,380    51.47    107,060     49.70
   Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians.........................     660,660    29.64     61,660     28.32
    Drafters..........................................................................     187,670    29.03     60,390     27.87
     Architectural and civil drafters.................................................      99,180    28.42     59,120     27.64
     Electrical and electronics drafters..............................................      23,020    31.59     65,720     29.85
     Mechanical drafters..............................................................      51,620    29.56     61,490     28.01
     Drafters, all other..............................................................      13,850    27.18     56,530     26.20
    Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................     419,620    30.64     63,740     29.33
     Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians...............      11,900    33.98     70,680     32.97
     Civil engineering technologists and technicians..................................      67,270    27.21     56,590     26.00
     Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians..............     115,270    32.84     68,310     32.48
     Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians................      13,160    30.19     62,800     28.75
     Environmental engineering technologists and technicians..........................      17,070    27.20     56,570     24.82
     Industrial engineering technologists and technicians.............................      62,980    28.81     59,920     27.56
     Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians.............................      39,880    29.27     60,880     28.00
     Calibration technologists and technicians and engineering technologists and                                                
      technicians, except drafters, all other.........................................      92,100    32.52     67,640     30.86
    Surveying and mapping technicians.................................................      53,370    23.93     49,770     22.21
                                                                                                                                
Life, physical, and social science occupations                                           1,296,060    38.15     79,360     33.54
   Life scientists....................................................................     311,840    44.09     91,710     39.01
    Agricultural and food scientists..................................................      29,710    36.69     76,320     33.09
     Animal scientists................................................................       2,680    35.84     74,540     30.52
     Food scientists and technologists................................................      13,080    38.55     80,190     35.31
     Soil and plant scientists........................................................      13,950    35.12     73,040     31.79
    Biological scientists.............................................................     110,600    44.01     91,550     40.01
     Biochemists and biophysicists....................................................      32,010    50.39    104,810     45.32
     Microbiologists..................................................................      19,710    44.15     91,840     40.58
     Zoologists and wildlife biologists...............................................      17,200    33.90     70,510     31.90
     Biological scientists, all other.................................................      41,680    43.22     89,910     41.00
    Conservation scientists and foresters.............................................      31,380    32.75     68,120     30.78
     Conservation scientists..........................................................      22,020    33.18     69,020     30.78
     Foresters........................................................................       9,360    31.73     66,000     30.76
    Medical scientists................................................................     133,620    48.45    100,780     43.28
     Epidemiologists..................................................................       7,500    40.20     83,620     35.84
     Medical scientists, except epidemiologists.......................................     126,110    48.94    101,800     43.99
    Life scientists, all other........................................................       6,540    44.31     92,170     39.42
   Physical scientists................................................................     255,860    44.98     93,560     40.03
    Astronomers and physicists........................................................      18,080    65.62    136,480     62.00
     Astronomers......................................................................       1,910    60.70    126,250     57.56
     Physicists.......................................................................      16,160    66.20    137,700     62.43
    Atmospheric and space scientists..................................................      10,210    48.34    100,550     47.95
    Chemists and materials scientists.................................................      89,860    42.21     87,800     38.79
     Chemists.........................................................................      82,940    41.54     86,410     38.13
     Materials scientists.............................................................       6,930    50.21    104,450     47.82
    Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................     118,660    42.37     88,140     37.27
     Environmental scientists and specialists, including health.......................      84,610    38.50     80,090     35.21
     Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers...............................      27,890    53.90    112,110     44.99
     Hydrologists.....................................................................       6,170    43.34     90,150     40.41
    Physical scientists, all other....................................................      19,050    52.93    110,100     51.55
   Social scientists and related workers..............................................     247,580    43.34     90,150     39.56
    Economists........................................................................      17,520    58.11    120,880     52.09
    Survey researchers................................................................      10,350    32.19     66,960     28.79
    Psychologists.....................................................................     127,070    43.61     90,710     39.51
     Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists...................................     111,320    42.93     89,290     38.37
     Industrial-organizational psychologists..........................................         780    54.18    112,690     46.28
     Psychologists, all other.........................................................      14,960    48.14    100,130     50.86
    Sociologists......................................................................       2,470    44.91     93,420     41.40
    Urban and regional planners.......................................................      38,190    38.18     79,410     36.52
    Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers...............................      51,980    43.63     90,750     41.29
     Anthropologists and archeologists................................................       7,180    33.64     69,960     31.79
     Geographers......................................................................       1,450    41.16     85,620     41.07
     Historians.......................................................................       2,770    32.88     68,400     30.33
     Political scientists.............................................................       6,010    59.66    124,100     60.27
     Social scientists and related workers, all other.................................      34,570    43.88     91,280     41.95
   Life, physical, and social science technicians.....................................     363,880    25.49     53,010     23.29
    Agricultural and food science technicians.........................................      21,940    22.08     45,920     20.18
    Biological technicians............................................................      80,640    23.79     49,490     22.28
    Chemical technicians..............................................................      63,490    25.82     53,700     23.95
    Environmental science and geoscience technicians..................................      47,440    26.11     54,300     22.95
     Environmental science and protection technicians, including health...............      31,860    24.50     50,960     22.53
     Geological and hydrologic technicians............................................      15,580    29.39     61,130     24.34
    Nuclear technicians...............................................................       6,160    40.29     83,810     40.48
    Social science research assistants................................................      35,330    25.75     53,560     23.66
    Forest and conservation technicians...............................................      30,150    20.57     42,780     18.72
    Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians......................      78,720    28.14     58,530     25.95
     Forensic science technicians.....................................................      16,640    31.20     64,890     29.13
     Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................      62,080    27.32     56,830     25.22
   Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians.........................     116,910    35.81     74,480     34.87
    Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................     116,910    35.81     74,480     34.87
     Occupational health and safety specialists.......................................      95,960    37.55     78,110     36.70
     Occupational health and safety technicians.......................................      20,950    27.82     57,870     25.65

Community and social service occupations                                                 2,231,070    25.09     52,180     22.85
   Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists.....   2,150,050    25.06     52,120     22.83
    Counselors........................................................................     774,270    26.34     54,780     24.17
     Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors........................     292,230    29.96     62,320     27.94
     Marriage and family therapists...................................................      60,850    27.35     56,890     24.69
     Rehabilitation counselors........................................................     100,260    20.23     42,080     18.05
     Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors...............     293,620    24.78     51,550     22.91
     Counselors, all other............................................................      27,310    24.42     50,800     22.00
    Social workers....................................................................     681,400    26.90     55,950     24.88
     Child, family, and school social workers.........................................     328,120    25.18     52,370     23.28
     Healthcare social workers........................................................     176,110    29.07     60,470     27.71
     Mental health and substance abuse social workers.................................     116,780    26.22     54,540     23.42
     Social workers, all other........................................................      60,390    31.22     64,940     30.87
    Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................     694,380    21.82     45,390     19.39
     Health education specialists.....................................................      57,920    29.86     62,120     27.16
     Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................      90,070    29.76     61,900     26.77
     Social and human service assistants..............................................     399,920    18.38     38,230     17.29
     Community health workers.........................................................      58,670    22.12     46,000     20.19
     Community and social service specialists, all other..............................      87,800    23.85     49,600     22.48
   Religious workers..................................................................      81,020    25.86     53,790     23.28
    Clergy............................................................................      52,260    27.19     56,560     24.97
    Directors, religious activities and education.....................................      19,860    25.32     52,660     21.69
    Religious workers, all other......................................................       8,900    19.26     40,070     16.12

Legal occupations                                                                        1,154,740    54.00    112,320     40.82
   Lawyers, judges, and related workers...............................................     721,750    69.70    144,970     59.79
    Lawyers and judicial law clerks...................................................     672,820    70.70    147,050     60.12
     Lawyers..........................................................................     658,120    71.59    148,910     61.03
     Judicial law clerks..............................................................      14,690    30.70     63,860     27.65
    Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers...................................      48,930    55.96    116,390     55.36
     Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers....................      14,570    49.06    102,050     46.89
     Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators.........................................       5,810    36.75     76,440     31.79
     Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates.......................................      28,550    63.39    131,850     67.83
   Legal support workers..............................................................     432,990    27.83     57,890     25.46
    Paralegals and legal assistants...................................................     332,720    27.22     56,610     25.44
    Miscellaneous legal support workers...............................................     100,270    29.88     62,150     25.53
     Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers......................................      54,960    25.45     52,950     23.47
     Legal support workers, all other.................................................      45,310    35.25     73,320     28.62

Educational instruction and library occupations                                          8,446,910    28.75     59,810     25.18
   Postsecondary teachers.............................................................   1,369,930     (²)      93,330      (²)
    Business teachers, postsecondary..................................................      79,810     (²)     107,270      (²)
    Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary.................................      81,780     (²)      91,450      (²)
     Computer science teachers, postsecondary.........................................      32,230     (²)      98,680      (²)
     Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary.....................................      49,550     (²)      86,760      (²)
    Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary..............................      45,430     (²)     112,110      (²)
     Architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................................       6,910     (²)     100,820      (²)
     Engineering teachers, postsecondary..............................................      38,520     (²)     114,130      (²)
    Life sciences teachers, postsecondary.............................................      61,480     (²)     100,400      (²)
     Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary....................................       8,520     (²)      96,200      (²)
     Biological science teachers, postsecondary.......................................      51,500     (²)     101,320      (²)
     Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................       1,460     (²)      92,420      (²)
    Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary.........................................      52,810     (²)      98,580      (²)
     Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary...........      11,750     (²)     104,710      (²)
     Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................      21,530     (²)      94,630      (²)
     Environmental science teachers, postsecondary....................................       5,860     (²)      94,520      (²)
     Physics teachers, postsecondary..................................................      13,670     (²)     101,290      (²)
    Social sciences teachers, postsecondary...........................................     115,040     (²)      94,270      (²)
     Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary..............................       5,590     (²)      98,740      (²)
     Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary.......................       9,960     (²)      88,790      (²)
     Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................      13,080     (²)     123,720      (²)
     Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................       3,720     (²)      87,160      (²)
     Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................      15,130     (²)     100,970      (²)
     Psychology teachers, postsecondary...............................................      36,520     (²)      89,960      (²)
     Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................      13,420     (²)      85,180      (²)
     Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other...............................      17,620     (²)      85,670      (²)
    Health teachers, postsecondary....................................................     261,130     (²)     115,330      (²)
     Health specialties teachers, postsecondary.......................................     200,040     (²)     124,890      (²)
     Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary..................................      61,100     (²)      84,060      (²)
    Education and library science teachers, postsecondary.............................      61,790     (²)      75,180      (²)
     Education teachers, postsecondary................................................      57,560     (²)      75,010      (²)
     Library science teachers, postsecondary..........................................       4,230     (²)      77,560      (²)
    Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary....................      42,540     (²)      96,870      (²)
     Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary.....................      14,030     (²)      74,740      (²)
     Law teachers, postsecondary......................................................      14,930     (²)     134,760      (²)
     Social work teachers, postsecondary..............................................      13,580     (²)      78,110      (²)
    Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary.............     250,550     (²)      83,620      (²)
     Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary....................................      91,170     (²)      84,780      (²)
     Communications teachers, postsecondary...........................................      28,430     (²)      80,940      (²)
     English language and literature teachers, postsecondary..........................      64,800     (²)      81,340      (²)
     Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary..........................      22,790     (²)      80,410      (²)
     History teachers, postsecondary..................................................      20,450     (²)      85,630      (²)
     Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary..................................      22,900     (²)      90,160      (²)
    Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers..............................................     317,580     (²)      77,650      (²)
     Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary.............................       2,270     (²)      81,580      (²)
     Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary...........................      14,730     (²)      75,430      (²)
     Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary...............................     105,830    29.67     61,710     26.74
     Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................     194,740     (²)      86,430      (²)
   Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers...........   3,998,620     (²)      63,100      (²)
    Preschool and kindergarten teachers...............................................     491,020    20.47     42,570     17.70
     Preschool teachers, except special education.....................................     370,940    17.57     36,550     15.35
     Kindergarten teachers, except special education..................................     120,080     (²)      61,170      (²)
    Elementary and middle school teachers.............................................   1,976,050     (²)      65,300      (²)
     Elementary school teachers, except special education.............................   1,364,870     (²)      65,420      (²)
     Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............     599,520     (²)      64,990      (²)
     Career/technical education teachers, middle school...............................      11,670     (²)      66,950      (²)
    Secondary school teachers.........................................................   1,064,540     (²)      67,240      (²)
     Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education.........     991,000     (²)      67,340      (²)
     Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................      73,530     (²)      65,870      (²)
    Special education teachers........................................................     467,020     (²)      65,920      (²)
     Special education teachers, preschool............................................      20,300     (²)      68,110      (²)
     Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school...................     191,170     (²)      64,790      (²)
     Special education teachers, middle school........................................      80,110     (²)      66,300      (²)
     Special education teachers, secondary school.....................................     142,500     (²)      66,490      (²)
     Special education teachers, all other............................................      32,950     (²)      67,670      (²)
   Other teachers and instructors.....................................................   1,086,850    20.92     43,520     16.33
    Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second                                                   
     language instructors.............................................................      42,910    28.75     59,810     26.61
    Self-enrichment teachers..........................................................     222,700    23.05     47,930     19.21
    Substitute teachers, short-term...................................................     512,030    17.35     36,090     14.12
    Tutors and teachers and instructors, all other....................................     309,220     (²)      50,390      (²)
   Librarians, curators, and archivists...............................................     254,360    26.15     54,400     24.45
    Archivists, curators, and museum technicians......................................      30,230    27.38     56,960     25.07
     Archivists.......................................................................       6,550    29.43     61,210     27.29
     Curators.........................................................................      11,750    29.64     61,650     27.40
     Museum technicians and conservators..............................................      11,930    24.04     49,990     21.98
    Librarians and media collections specialists......................................     135,070    30.56     63,560     29.24
    Library technicians...............................................................      89,070    19.05     39,630     17.79
   Other educational instruction and library occupations..............................   1,737,130     (²)      36,790      (²)
    Farm and home management educators................................................       8,090    26.38     54,870     24.78
    Instructional coordinators........................................................     174,900    33.73     70,160     32.20
    Teaching assistants...............................................................   1,411,590     (²)      31,500      (²)
     Teaching assistants, postsecondary...............................................     138,740     (²)      39,460      (²)
     Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................   1,272,840     (²)      30,630      (²)
    Educational instruction and library workers, all other............................     142,550    22.70     47,210     19.98

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations                               1,857,500    30.96     64,400     25.55
   Art and design workers.............................................................     594,670    28.44     59,150     23.85
    Artists and related workers.......................................................      89,800    44.97     93,530     38.64
     Art directors....................................................................      40,950    55.04    114,490     46.77
     Craft artists....................................................................       4,090    18.39     38,260     16.92
     Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators....................      11,070    31.26     65,020     25.16
     Special effects artists and animators............................................      26,460    42.35     88,080     37.36
     Artists and related workers, all other...........................................       7,220    33.48     69,650     31.63
    Designers.........................................................................     504,880    25.50     53,030     22.11
     Commercial and industrial designers..............................................      30,100    36.68     76,290     34.44
     Fashion designers................................................................      21,050    41.93     87,210     36.45
     Floral designers.................................................................      36,810    14.74     30,670     14.01
     Graphic designers................................................................     201,440    28.06     58,370     25.66
     Interior designers...............................................................      59,170    29.52     61,400     27.43
     Merchandise displayers and window trimmers.......................................     134,660    16.61     34,550     14.81
     Set and exhibit designers........................................................      10,980    31.06     64,610     27.97
     Designers, all other.............................................................      10,680    34.30     71,340     30.65
   Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................     465,780    31.59     65,700     22.63
    Actors, producers, and directors..................................................     163,950    42.40     88,190     31.62
     Actors...........................................................................      44,460    31.42       (²)      21.88
     Producers and directors..........................................................     119,490    46.49     96,690     36.73
    Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers...................................     233,160     (²)      48,310      (²)
     Athletes and sports competitors..................................................       8,380     (²)      94,740      (²)
     Coaches and scouts...............................................................     208,180     (²)      47,100      (²)
     Umpires, referees, and other sports officials....................................      16,590     (²)      40,140      (²)
    Dancers and choreographers........................................................      10,950    25.05     52,110     19.11
     Dancers..........................................................................       7,370    25.08       (²)      18.58
     Choreographers...................................................................       3,580    25.00     52,000     21.00
    Musicians, singers, and related workers...........................................      43,970    39.61       (²)      29.56
     Music directors and composers....................................................       9,200    31.60     65,720     25.12
     Musicians and singers............................................................      34,770    41.72       (²)      31.40
    Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers.............      13,760    23.99       (²)      15.70
   Media and communication workers....................................................     591,650    33.74     70,180     29.48
    Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys.......................................      27,290    27.55     57,300     17.68
    News analysts, reporters, and journalists.........................................      41,580    31.73     66,000     23.70
    Public relations specialists......................................................     244,550    34.58     71,940     30.20
    Writers and editors...............................................................     186,490    36.67     76,270     32.56
     Editors..........................................................................      93,370    35.53     73,910     30.48
     Technical writers................................................................      48,880    37.78     78,590     35.89
     Writers and authors..............................................................      44,240    37.82     78,680     32.27
    Miscellaneous media and communication workers.....................................      91,740    28.29     58,840     25.64
     Interpreters and translators.....................................................      56,920    27.95     58,140     25.16
     Court reporters and simultaneous captioners......................................      13,880    32.07     66,710     29.64
     Media and communication workers, all other.......................................      20,940    26.70     55,540     23.91
   Media and communication equipment workers..........................................     205,400    28.84     59,990     24.46
    Audio and video technicians.......................................................      62,360    25.67     53,390     23.04
    Broadcast technicians.............................................................      25,960    23.68     49,250     20.95
    Sound engineering technicians.....................................................      10,870    32.31     67,210     25.73
    Photographers.....................................................................      41,600    24.18     50,290     19.85
    Television, video, and film camera operators and editors..........................      42,750    36.60     76,130     29.76
     Camera operators, television, video, and film....................................      20,340    32.50     67,590     27.50
     Film and video editors...........................................................      22,410    40.33     83,880     32.33
    Lighting technicians and media and communication equipment workers, all other.....      21,860    36.00     74,880     34.12
                                                                                                                                
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations                                       8,579,180    41.30     85,900     33.59
   Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners....................................   5,611,620    50.58    105,220     40.59
    Chiropractors.....................................................................      34,760    40.30     83,830     34.00
    Dentists..........................................................................     111,210    89.57    186,300     78.85
     Dentists, general................................................................      95,920    86.94    180,830     76.41
     Oral and maxillofacial surgeons..................................................       4,120   112.98    234,990      (³)
     Orthodontists....................................................................       5,040   114.42    237,990      (³)
     Prosthodontists..................................................................         530   103.30    214,870      (³)
     Dentists, all other specialists..................................................       5,610    93.72    194,930     88.12
    Dietitians and nutritionists......................................................      66,330    30.84     64,150     30.33
    Optometrists......................................................................      36,690    60.31    125,440     56.76
    Pharmacists.......................................................................     315,470    60.32    125,460     61.88
    Physician assistants..............................................................     125,280    55.81    116,080     55.48
    Podiatrists.......................................................................       9,710    72.65    151,110     64.57
    Therapists........................................................................     684,330    39.44     82,030     38.45
     Occupational therapists..........................................................     126,610    42.06     87,480     41.48
     Physical therapists..............................................................     220,870    44.08     91,680     43.75
     Radiation therapists.............................................................      17,390    45.34     94,300     41.76
     Recreational therapists..........................................................      20,080    24.64     51,260     22.94
     Respiratory therapists...........................................................     131,890    31.56     65,640     30.20
     Speech-language pathologists.....................................................     148,450    40.02     83,240     38.69
     Exercise physiologists...........................................................       7,330    25.97     54,020     24.17
     Therapists, all other............................................................      11,710    29.85     62,090     27.55
    Veterinarians.....................................................................      73,710    52.09    108,350     47.72
    Registered nurses.................................................................   2,986,500    38.47     80,010     36.22
    Nurse anesthetists................................................................      41,960    90.96    189,190     88.26
    Nurse midwives....................................................................       7,120    55.55    115,540     53.43
    Nurse practitioners...............................................................     211,280    55.05    114,510     53.69
    Audiologists......................................................................      13,300    42.90     89,230     38.95
    Anesthesiologists.................................................................      28,590   130.50    271,440      (³)
    Family medicine physicians........................................................      98,590   103.06    214,370     99.70
    General internal medicine physicians..............................................      50,600   101.42    210,960      (³)
    Obstetricians and gynecologists...................................................      18,900   114.96    239,120      (³)
    Pediatricians, general............................................................      27,550    88.74    184,570     85.16
    Psychiatrists.....................................................................      25,540   104.38    217,100      (³)
    Physicians, all other; and ophthalmologists, except pediatric.....................     375,390   105.22    218,850      (³)
    Surgeons, except ophthalmologists.................................................      37,900   120.99    251,650      (³)
    Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.....................     230,900    38.97     81,060     37.25
     Dental hygienists................................................................     194,830    37.53     78,050     37.06
     Acupuncturists and healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other....      36,070    46.77     97,270     39.63
   Health technologists and technicians...............................................   2,861,180    23.55     48,990     21.93
    Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians.................................     326,220    26.92     55,990     26.05
    Cardiovascular technologists and technicians......................................      55,980    29.30     60,940     28.41
    Diagnostic medical sonographers...................................................      73,920    37.40     77,790     36.50
    Nuclear medicine technologists....................................................      17,510    39.46     82,080     38.27
    Radiologic technologists and technicians..........................................     206,720    31.17     64,840     29.76
    Magnetic resonance imaging technologists..........................................      39,270    36.52     75,960     35.91
    Emergency medical technicians and paramedics......................................     257,700    19.41     40,370     17.62
    Health practitioner support technologists and technicians.........................     803,920    18.74     38,970     17.63
     Dietetic technicians.............................................................      26,430    15.83     32,920     14.48
     Pharmacy technicians.............................................................     415,310    17.52     36,450     16.87
     Psychiatric technicians..........................................................      85,330    18.31     38,080     16.84
     Surgical technologists...........................................................     107,400    24.77     51,510     23.90
     Veterinary technologists and technicians.........................................     109,490    18.20     37,860     17.43
     Ophthalmic medical technicians...................................................      59,960    19.24     40,010     18.24
    Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses.................................     676,440    24.08     50,090     23.47
    Opticians, dispensing.............................................................      68,180    19.89     41,380     18.53
    Orthotists and prosthetists.......................................................       9,550    35.63     74,120     33.75
    Hearing aid specialists...........................................................       7,770    26.26     54,630     25.30
    Medical dosimetrists, medical records specialists, and health technologists and                                             
     technicians, all other...........................................................     318,010    23.21     48,270     21.20
   Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations...........................     106,380    28.50     59,280     24.79
    Athletic trainers.................................................................      27,430     (²)      52,230      (²)
    Genetic counselors................................................................       2,280    43.13     89,710     41.20
    Health information technologists, medical registrars, surgical assistants, and                                              
     healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................      76,670    29.28     60,900     24.92
                                                                                                                                
Healthcare support occupations                                                           6,440,880    15.50     32,250     14.40
   Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and                                                  
    psychiatric aides.................................................................   4,677,760    14.10     29,320     13.59
    Home health and personal care aides...............................................   3,211,590    13.49     28,060     13.02
    Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides..............................   1,466,170    15.43     32,090     14.83
     Nursing assistants...............................................................   1,371,050    15.41     32,050     14.83
     Orderlies........................................................................      43,570    15.28     31,780     14.44
     Psychiatric aides................................................................      51,550    16.01     33,300     15.18
   Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides...................     186,900    25.19     52,400     26.08
    Occupational therapy assistants and aides.........................................      48,380    28.85     60,010     29.30
     Occupational therapy assistants..................................................      42,750    30.49     63,420     30.26
     Occupational therapy aides.......................................................       5,630    16.42     34,160     14.51
    Physical therapist assistants and aides...........................................     138,520    23.92     49,750     24.02
     Physical therapist assistants....................................................      92,740    28.58     59,440     28.74
     Physical therapist aides.........................................................      45,790    14.47     30,110     13.68
   Other healthcare support occupations...............................................   1,576,220    18.53     38,540     17.68
    Massage therapists................................................................      85,040    22.77     47,350     20.97
    Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations......................................   1,491,180    18.29     38,030     17.60
     Dental assistants................................................................     312,140    20.34     42,310     19.80
     Medical assistants...............................................................     710,200    17.75     36,930     17.23
     Medical equipment preparers......................................................      56,870    19.75     41,070     18.65
     Medical transcriptionists........................................................      49,530    17.94     37,310     16.96
     Pharmacy aides...................................................................      38,900    15.50     32,250     14.08
     Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers...........................      98,810    14.89     30,980     14.39
     Phlebotomists....................................................................     128,020    17.92     37,280     17.46
     Healthcare support workers, all other............................................      96,720    19.92     41,430     19.00
                                                                                                                                
Protective service occupations                                                           3,351,180    25.11     52,220     21.02
   Supervisors of protective service workers..........................................     323,580    38.02     79,080     34.79
    First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers.................................     175,730    42.40     88,190     39.85
     First-line supervisors of correctional officers..................................      53,420    32.50     67,600     29.28
     First-line supervisors of police and detectives..................................     122,310    46.72     97,180     44.70
    First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers.....................      69,000    39.99     83,170     37.92
    Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers..................      78,860    26.54     55,210     25.31
   Firefighting and prevention workers................................................     328,260    27.31     56,800     25.51
    Firefighters......................................................................     311,350    27.09     56,360     25.24
    Fire inspectors...................................................................      16,920    31.26     65,010     29.87
     Fire inspectors and investigators................................................      14,010    32.54     67,680     31.06
     Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................       2,900    25.06     52,130     20.26
   Law enforcement workers............................................................   1,203,450    31.37     65,240     28.53
    Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers......................................     423,980    25.15     52,310     22.81
     Bailiffs.........................................................................      18,120    24.87     51,730     23.08
     Correctional officers and jailers................................................     405,870    25.16     52,340     22.79
    Detectives and criminal investigators.............................................     105,980    42.93     89,300     41.80
    Fish and game wardens.............................................................       7,230    27.79     57,810     27.90
    Parking enforcement workers.......................................................       7,560    21.57     44,870     20.23
    Police officers...................................................................     658,700    33.66     70,010     31.54
     Police and sheriff's patrol officers.............................................     654,900    33.66     70,000     31.51
     Transit and railroad police......................................................       3,800    34.13     71,000     34.89
   Other protective service workers...................................................   1,495,880    16.80     34,940     15.02
    Animal control workers............................................................      11,580    19.56     40,680     18.48
    Private detectives and investigators..............................................      32,200    28.89     60,100     25.64
    Security guards and gambling surveillance officers................................   1,062,740    16.54     34,410     14.94
     Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators........................       8,340    19.19     39,910     16.97
     Security guards..................................................................   1,054,400    16.52     34,360     14.93
    Miscellaneous protective service workers..........................................     389,350    16.41     34,140     14.78
     Crossing guards and flaggers.....................................................      85,050    16.45     34,220     14.80
     Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........     113,150    13.00     27,050     12.03
     Transportation security screeners................................................      46,850    21.60     44,920     21.30
     School bus monitors and protective service workers, all other....................     144,310    17.38     36,140     15.37
                                                                                                                                
Food preparation and serving related occupations                                        11,262,850    13.30     27,650     12.26
   Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................     993,030    19.24     40,010     17.26
    Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers...............................     993,030    19.24     40,010     17.26
     Chefs and head cooks.............................................................     101,490    28.24     58,740     25.66
     First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers...................     891,540    18.21     37,880     16.62
   Cooks and food preparation workers.................................................   2,977,730    13.38     27,820     13.02
    Cooks.............................................................................   2,184,130    13.55     28,180     13.10
     Cooks, fast food.................................................................     544,420    11.68     24,300     11.72
     Cooks, institution and cafeteria.................................................     387,300    14.40     29,940     13.78
     Cooks, private household.........................................................         320    22.51     46,810     15.69
     Cooks, restaurant................................................................   1,109,650    14.20     29,530     13.84
     Cooks, short order...............................................................     123,350    12.99     27,030     12.77
     Cooks, all other.................................................................      19,080    15.55     32,350     14.65
    Food preparation workers..........................................................     793,590    12.90     26,820     12.53
   Food and beverage serving workers..................................................   6,135,730    12.47     25,930     11.57
    Bartenders........................................................................     486,720    13.90     28,910     12.00
    Fast food and counter workers.....................................................   3,450,120    11.80     24,540     11.47
    Waiters and waitresses............................................................   1,944,240    13.20     27,470     11.42
    Food servers, nonrestaurant.......................................................     254,650    13.20     27,460     12.46
   Other food preparation and serving related workers.................................   1,156,370    12.38     25,740     12.03
    Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................     374,940    12.64     26,300     12.03
    Dishwashers.......................................................................     395,660    12.31     25,600     12.15
    Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop..........................     316,700    11.92     24,800     11.48
    Food preparation and serving related workers, all other...........................      69,070    13.41     27,880     13.02
                                                                                                                                
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations                                4,090,370    15.75     32,760     14.39
   Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers...............     244,990    23.61     49,110     22.25
    First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers...     244,990    23.61     49,110     22.25
     First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers....................     141,260    21.87     45,500     20.21
     First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers..     103,730    25.98     54,040     24.52
   Building cleaning and pest control workers.........................................   2,882,710    14.79     30,760     13.64
    Building cleaning workers.........................................................   2,803,150    14.66     30,490     13.54
     Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners....................   1,990,510    15.10     31,410     13.98
     Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................................................     795,590    13.47     28,010     12.61
     Building cleaning workers, all other.............................................      17,050    18.68     38,860     16.59
    Pest control workers..............................................................      79,560    19.40     40,350     18.18
   Grounds maintenance workers........................................................     962,670    16.63     34,590     15.49
    Grounds maintenance workers.......................................................     962,670    16.63     34,590     15.49
     Landscaping and groundskeeping workers...........................................     872,370    16.25     33,800     15.26
     Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................      23,950    18.81     39,130     17.61
     Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................      52,040    21.18     44,040     19.88
     Grounds maintenance workers, all other...........................................      14,310    19.36     40,270     16.45
                                                                                                                                
Personal care and service occupations                                                    2,696,340    15.68     32,610     13.52
   Supervisors of personal care and service workers...................................     193,950    22.28     46,350     20.60
    First-line supervisors of gambling services workers...............................      19,100    24.60     51,160     24.25
    First-line supervisors of personal service and entertainment and recreation                                                 
     workers, except gambling services................................................     174,860    22.03     45,820     20.19
   Animal care and service workers....................................................     208,540    13.97     29,060     12.68
    Animal trainers...................................................................      14,880    18.25     37,950     15.16
    Animal caretakers.................................................................     193,660    13.65     28,380     12.54
   Entertainment attendants and related workers.......................................     450,630    12.77     26,560     12.01
    Gambling services workers.........................................................      83,400    12.95     26,940     11.92
     Gambling dealers.................................................................      67,330    12.55     26,110     11.41
     Gambling and sports book writers and runners.....................................       7,500    13.05     27,130     12.13
     Gambling service workers, all other..............................................       8,570    16.03     33,340     14.12
    Motion picture projectionists.....................................................       2,270    16.53     34,380     13.22
    Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers.......................................      95,600    12.69     26,390     12.07
    Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................     269,370    12.71     26,430     12.02
     Amusement and recreation attendants..............................................     248,190    12.31     25,610     11.90
     Costume attendants...............................................................       5,750    24.89     51,780     20.63
     Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants..............................      11,530    14.10     29,320     12.84
     Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other..........................       3,900    15.66     32,580     13.09
   Embalmers..........................................................................       3,860    24.14     50,220     22.90
   Funeral attendants.................................................................      32,300    14.97     31,130     14.01
   Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers.....................................      24,560    28.36     59,000     26.01
   Personal appearance workers........................................................     448,020    16.08     33,460     13.61
    Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................     317,290    15.86     32,990     13.28
     Barbers..........................................................................      14,880    18.29     38,050     15.61
     Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists...................................     302,410    15.74     32,740     13.16
    Miscellaneous personal appearance workers.........................................     130,730    16.63     34,580     14.21
     Makeup artists, theatrical and performance.......................................       2,780    48.07     99,990     51.40
     Manicurists and pedicurists......................................................      73,010    13.95     29,010     13.40
     Shampooers.......................................................................       8,310    11.69     24,320     11.63
     Skincare specialists.............................................................      46,640    19.82     41,230     17.55
   Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges..........................................      65,240    15.67     32,580     14.48
    Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.........................................      65,240    15.67     32,580     14.48
     Baggage porters and bellhops.....................................................      28,440    13.97     29,060     13.00
     Concierges.......................................................................      36,800    16.97     35,310     15.57
   Tour and travel guides.............................................................      38,030    15.48     32,200     14.16
    Tour and travel guides............................................................      38,030    15.48     32,200     14.16
   Childcare workers..................................................................     494,360    12.88     26,790     12.24
   Recreation and fitness workers.....................................................     573,720    17.94     37,310     15.03
    Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors...................................     248,070    21.95     45,650     19.48
    Recreation workers................................................................     325,640    14.88     30,960     13.67
   Residential advisors...............................................................     102,450    16.07     33,430     14.99
   Crematory operators and personal care and service workers, all other...............      60,650    14.58     30,330     13.66
                                                                                                                                
Sales and related occupations                                                           13,120,320    22.00     45,750     15.15
   Supervisors of sales workers.......................................................   1,303,400    26.54     55,200     22.15
    First-line supervisors of sales workers...........................................   1,303,400    26.54     55,200     22.15
     First-line supervisors of retail sales workers...................................   1,063,110    22.74     47,300     19.99
     First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers...............................     240,290    43.33     90,120     37.77
   Retail sales workers...............................................................   7,628,920    13.95     29,010     12.63
    Cashiers..........................................................................   3,347,090    12.37     25,730     12.03
     Cashiers.........................................................................   3,333,100    12.36     25,710     12.03
     Gambling change persons and booth cashiers.......................................      14,000    13.99     29,110     13.02
    Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons..................................     622,160    17.01     35,380     15.13
     Counter and rental clerks........................................................     368,300    16.68     34,700     14.84
     Parts salespersons...............................................................     253,870    17.48     36,350     15.61
    Retail salespersons...............................................................   3,659,670    14.87     30,940     13.02
   Sales representatives, services....................................................   1,992,540    36.14     75,170     27.77
    Advertising sales agents..........................................................     110,040    32.71     68,040     26.41
    Insurance sales agents............................................................     409,950    33.22     69,100     25.08
    Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents......................     440,300    46.41     96,540     31.14
    Travel agents.....................................................................      55,180    22.43     46,650     20.36
    Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial                                                 
     services and travel..............................................................     977,070    33.89     70,490     28.25
   Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing.................................   1,566,820    37.65     78,310     31.45
    Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................   1,566,820    37.65     78,310     31.45
     Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific                                               
      products........................................................................     288,150    47.92     99,680     41.66
     Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and                                                   
      scientific products.............................................................   1,278,670    35.34     73,500     29.84
   Other sales and related workers....................................................     628,640    26.39     54,890     18.06
    Models, demonstrators, and product promoters......................................      72,340    18.09     37,630     15.62
     Demonstrators and product promoters..............................................      69,990    17.83     37,080     15.62
     Models...........................................................................       2,350    25.99     54,050     15.34
    Real estate brokers and sales agents..............................................     213,350    32.16     66,890     24.63
     Real estate brokers..............................................................      44,610    39.25     81,630     29.02
     Real estate sales agents.........................................................     168,740    30.28     62,990     23.58
    Sales engineers...................................................................      63,780    56.38    117,270     52.32
    Telemarketers.....................................................................     117,610    14.87     30,930     13.42
    Miscellaneous sales and related workers...........................................     161,550    19.04     39,590     14.67
     Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers.........       8,360    17.66     36,740     14.29
     Sales and related workers, all other.............................................     153,180    19.11     39,750     14.69
                                                                                                                                
Office and administrative support occupations                                           18,548,360    20.38     42,390     18.62
   Supervisors of office and administrative support workers...........................   1,427,260    29.81     62,010     28.10
    First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers...............   1,427,260    29.81     62,010     28.10
   Communications equipment operators.................................................      66,960    16.85     35,050     15.41
    Switchboard operators, including answering service................................      59,270    16.34     33,980     15.11
    Telephone operators...............................................................       4,630    18.91     39,340     18.13
    Communications equipment operators, all other.....................................       3,070    23.68     49,260     22.44
   Financial clerks...................................................................   2,770,580    20.15     41,920     19.02
    Bill and account collectors.......................................................     222,030    19.53     40,630     18.32
    Billing and posting clerks........................................................     445,160    20.01     41,610     19.03
    Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................................   1,443,940    21.20     44,100     20.39
    Gambling cage workers.............................................................      10,560    14.28     29,700     13.77
    Payroll and timekeeping clerks....................................................     133,870    23.21     48,290     22.61
    Procurement clerks................................................................      61,000    21.83     45,400     21.51
    Tellers...........................................................................     423,570    15.85     32,960     15.68
    Financial clerks, all other.......................................................      30,470    22.27     46,310     21.23
   Information and record clerks......................................................   5,480,860    18.22     37,900     16.97
    Brokerage clerks..................................................................      44,720    28.11     58,460     26.57
    Correspondence clerks.............................................................       6,150    19.26     40,070     18.46
    Court, municipal, and license clerks..............................................     156,100    20.91     43,490     19.68
    Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks..........................................      24,600    20.95     43,580     20.06
    Customer service representatives..................................................   2,833,250    18.51     38,510     17.23
    Eligibility interviewers, government programs.....................................     138,820    23.07     47,990     22.65
    File clerks.......................................................................      91,560    17.38     36,140     16.39
    Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks..............................................     222,550    12.93     26,900     12.26
    Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.........................................     173,800    18.10     37,640     17.39
    Library assistants, clerical......................................................      84,560    14.78     30,740     13.81
    Loan interviewers and clerks......................................................     204,100    20.57     42,780     19.89
    New accounts clerks...............................................................      45,250    19.17     39,870     18.15
    Order clerks......................................................................     119,640    18.10     37,660     17.11
    Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................     108,470    21.24     44,170     20.79
    Receptionists and information clerks..............................................     968,420    15.58     32,410     14.96
    Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks....................     110,020    21.98     45,710     18.96
    Information and record clerks, all other..........................................     148,870    21.10     43,880     20.59
   Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..............   2,149,050    21.60     44,930     19.79
    Cargo and freight agents..........................................................      96,510    22.68     47,170     21.04
    Couriers and messengers...........................................................      70,700    15.87     33,010     14.89
    Dispatchers.......................................................................     281,740    21.72     45,170     20.07
     Public safety telecommunicators..................................................      93,290    22.02     45,800     20.82
     Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance..................................     188,450    21.57     44,860     19.70
    Meter readers, utilities..........................................................      26,490    22.19     46,160     20.16
    Postal service workers............................................................     525,920    25.24     52,500     24.59
     Postal service clerks............................................................      86,950    24.62     51,200     24.11
     Postal service mail carriers.....................................................     333,570    25.57     53,180     24.56
     Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........     105,400    24.73     51,440     25.55
    Production, planning, and expediting clerks.......................................     362,090    25.00     52,000     23.86
    Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks.........................................     727,640    17.89     37,210     16.95
    Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................      57,960    18.31     38,080     17.62
   Secretaries and administrative assistants..........................................   3,111,790    21.54     44,800     19.71
    Secretaries and administrative assistants.........................................   3,111,790    21.54     44,800     19.71
     Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants....................     503,390    31.36     65,230     30.34
     Legal secretaries and administrative assistants..................................     160,950    25.36     52,750     23.55
     Medical secretaries and administrative assistants................................     597,100    18.75     39,000     17.96
     Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive..   1,850,360    19.43     40,420     18.68
   Other office and administrative support workers....................................   3,541,850    18.41     38,290     17.25
    Data entry and information processing workers.....................................     194,440    17.96     37,350     17.22
     Data entry keyers................................................................     151,520    17.24     35,850     16.56
     Word processors and typists......................................................      42,920    20.50     42,630     19.73
    Desktop publishers................................................................       7,090    24.33     50,600     22.86
    Insurance claims and policy processing clerks.....................................     240,740    21.67     45,070     20.22
    Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service.....................      79,310    16.20     33,700     15.35
    Office clerks, general............................................................   2,788,090    18.16     37,770     16.98
    Office machine operators, except computer.........................................      40,640    17.59     36,580     16.70
    Proofreaders and copy markers.....................................................       6,610    21.48     44,670     19.78
    Statistical assistants............................................................       9,320    25.06     52,120     24.21
    Office and administrative support workers, all other..............................     175,600    18.91     39,340     17.25
                                                                                                                                
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations                                                 478,770    16.02     33,310     14.27
   Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers..............................      22,640    26.16     54,420     24.08
    First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers..................      22,640    26.16     54,420     24.08
   Agricultural workers...............................................................     409,420    14.99     31,180     13.95
    Agricultural inspectors...........................................................      13,450    23.38     48,620     22.45
    Animal breeders...................................................................         920    21.12     43,930     19.60
    Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................      28,640    14.24     29,620     13.57
    Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................     366,410    14.72     30,620     13.89
     Agricultural equipment operators.................................................      29,220    16.38     34,070     15.75
     Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse..........................     293,910    14.49     30,140     13.78
     Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals...............................      36,820    14.93     31,060     14.01
     Agricultural workers, all other..................................................       6,460    16.51     34,330     14.49
   Forest, conservation, and logging workers..........................................      44,120    20.30     42,230     19.33
    Forest and conservation workers...................................................       6,490    16.11     33,520     14.73
    Logging workers...................................................................      37,630    21.03     43,740     20.36
     Fallers..........................................................................       4,820    23.81     49,520     20.76
     Logging equipment operators......................................................      25,560    20.95     43,570     20.78
     Log graders and scalers..........................................................       3,390    18.72     38,940     17.74
     Logging workers, all other.......................................................       3,850    20.11     41,830     19.91
                                                                                                                                
Construction and extraction occupations                                                  5,937,830    25.93     53,940     23.37
   Supervisors of construction and extraction workers.................................     614,080    35.09     72,990     32.61
    First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers..............     614,080    35.09     72,990     32.61
   Construction trades workers........................................................   4,430,270    25.28     52,580     22.83
    Boilermakers......................................................................      14,020    32.42     67,430     31.42
    Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons.........................................      71,770    27.29     56,750     25.52
     Brickmasons and blockmasons......................................................      59,940    28.09     58,420     26.48
     Stonemasons......................................................................      11,830    23.22     48,290     20.99
    Carpenters........................................................................     699,300    26.06     54,200     23.81
    Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers..................................      82,980    22.91     47,650     20.77
     Carpet installers................................................................      23,020    22.19     46,150     19.94
     Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................      16,720    23.91     49,740     21.89
     Floor sanders and finishers......................................................       5,100    19.90     41,400     18.68
     Tile and stone setters...........................................................      38,150    23.31     48,490     21.26
    Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers...........................     198,550    23.80     49,490     22.14
     Cement masons and concrete finishers.............................................     195,580    23.74     49,390     22.12
     Terrazzo workers and finishers...................................................       2,970    27.13     56,440     24.73
    Construction laborers.............................................................     971,330    20.67     43,000     18.22
    Construction equipment operators..................................................     451,250    26.22     54,540     23.61
     Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators...............................      44,560    22.31     46,400     19.97
     Pile driver operators............................................................       3,820    34.56     71,880     30.47
     Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators...................     402,870    26.58     55,280     23.93
    Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers...........................     116,010    25.66     53,360     23.47
     Drywall and ceiling tile installers..............................................      99,700    24.97     51,930     22.82
     Tapers...........................................................................      16,320    29.87     62,140     28.58
    Electricians......................................................................     656,510    29.59     61,550     27.36
    Glaziers..........................................................................      52,190    24.50     50,970     22.15
    Insulation workers................................................................      60,480    24.42     50,800     22.03
     Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall.....................................      32,780    22.53     46,860     20.04
     Insulation workers, mechanical...................................................      27,700    26.67     55,470     24.05
    Painters and paperhangers.........................................................     220,700    22.36     46,500     20.27
     Painters, construction and maintenance...........................................     217,880    22.33     46,460     20.25
     Paperhangers.....................................................................       2,820    23.95     49,820     20.94
    Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters...............................     451,390    28.79     59,890     26.43
     Pipelayers.......................................................................      33,950    21.66     45,060     19.46
     Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..........................................     417,440    29.37     61,100     27.08
    Plasterers and stucco masons......................................................      25,210    25.05     52,100     22.61
    Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................      18,680    26.30     54,700     23.75
    Roofers...........................................................................     128,680    22.60     47,010     20.95
    Sheet metal workers...............................................................     128,220    26.60     55,320     24.70
    Structural iron and steel workers.................................................      71,490    28.20     58,650     26.36
    Solar photovoltaic installers.....................................................      11,490    23.08     48,020     22.34
   Helpers, construction trades.......................................................     227,710    17.13     35,640     16.35
    Helpers, construction trades......................................................     227,710    17.13     35,640     16.35
     Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters......      21,410    19.32     40,190     17.78
     Helpers--carpenters..............................................................      30,900    17.00     35,360     16.48
     Helpers--electricians............................................................      73,920    17.04     35,440     16.27
     Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons...................       9,500    16.12     33,520     15.21
     Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.....................      55,740    16.82     34,990     16.15
     Helpers--roofers.................................................................       8,390    16.86     35,080     15.99
     Helpers, construction trades, all other..........................................      27,850    16.89     35,140     16.04
   Other construction and related workers.............................................     438,940    25.36     52,750     22.87
    Construction and building inspectors..............................................     113,770    31.96     66,470     30.22
    Elevator and escalator installers and repairers...................................      24,730    41.44     86,200     42.57
    Fence erectors....................................................................      27,010    19.29     40,120     18.05
    Hazardous materials removal workers...............................................      44,010    23.64     49,170     21.77
    Highway maintenance workers.......................................................     149,890    20.77     43,200     20.03
    Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators.............................      17,590    27.61     57,430     27.10
    Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners.....................................      29,880    21.12     43,930     19.77
    Miscellaneous construction and related workers....................................      32,050    21.24     44,180     19.07
   Extraction workers.................................................................     226,840    23.81     49,520     22.12
    Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas....................      68,840    25.80     53,670     23.47
     Derrick operators, oil and gas...................................................       9,350    24.17     50,280     23.04
     Rotary drill operators, oil and gas..............................................      15,650    28.34     58,940     25.88
     Service unit operators, oil and gas..............................................      43,840    25.25     52,510     22.78
    Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining.............      40,240    23.32     48,500     21.70
    Continuous mining machine operators...............................................      14,990    28.05     58,340     27.37
    Roof bolters, mining..............................................................       2,080    29.76     61,900     29.42
    Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining..........................       3,520    26.97     56,100     27.23
    Rock splitters, quarry............................................................       4,640    18.48     38,430     17.85
    Roustabouts, oil and gas..........................................................      44,710    20.27     42,160     18.95
    Helpers--extraction workers.......................................................      12,740    18.82     39,150     18.20
    Earth drillers, except oil and gas; and explosives workers, ordnance handling                                               
     experts, and blasters............................................................      22,540    24.54     51,040     23.32
    Underground mining machine operators and extraction workers, all other............      12,540    25.83     53,730     25.19
                                                                                                                                
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations                                        5,486,930    25.17     52,360     23.44
   Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......................     475,000    35.14     73,100     33.77
    First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers....................     475,000    35.14     73,100     33.77
   Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers...........     526,000    27.60     57,400     26.59
    Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers..........................      91,930    21.05     43,790     19.76
    Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers...................     203,730    29.76     61,900     29.45
     Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers....................      13,210    29.23     60,790     27.75
     Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers....     190,510    29.80     61,980     29.55
    Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and                                                
     repairers........................................................................     230,350    28.29     58,850     27.29
     Avionics technicians.............................................................      21,390    33.26     69,180     32.61
     Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................      15,380    23.68     49,250     22.40
     Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment....      10,390    33.87     70,440     33.75
     Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........      55,200    30.46     63,350     29.81
     Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay..........      23,070    39.98     83,150     41.03
     Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles....................      10,230    19.83     41,250     19.02
     Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers...................................      25,760    21.57     44,850     19.93
     Security and fire alarm systems installers.......................................      68,920    25.07     52,150     24.49
   Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers..................   1,553,160    23.76     49,420     22.37
    Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................     128,300    33.19     69,040     31.94
    Automotive technicians and repairers..............................................     775,710    22.63     47,060     21.19
     Automotive body and related repairers............................................     137,120    23.77     49,430     21.80
     Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................      18,490    19.07     39,660     18.13
     Automotive service technicians and mechanics.....................................     620,110    22.48     46,760     21.18
    Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists.............................     253,010    25.04     52,090     24.13
    Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics..............     205,720    26.50     55,110     25.66
     Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians.................................      35,720    21.81     45,350     21.09
     Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................     147,680    27.40     57,000     26.61
     Rail car repairers...............................................................      22,310    28.01     58,250     27.74
    Small engine mechanics............................................................      65,430    19.88     41,360     18.76
     Motorboat mechanics and service technicians......................................      20,440    21.87     45,490     20.83
     Motorcycle mechanics.............................................................      13,490    19.42     40,390     18.28
     Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics.........................      31,500    18.79     39,090     18.04
    Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers...     124,990    16.06     33,400     14.91
     Bicycle repairers................................................................      11,290    16.12     33,530     15.69
     Recreational vehicle service technicians.........................................      15,150    21.05     43,790     19.48
     Tire repairers and changers......................................................      98,560    15.28     31,790     14.45
   Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................   2,932,770    23.87     49,650     22.26
    Control and valve installers and repairers........................................      73,340    27.46     57,120     25.27
     Mechanical door repairers........................................................      22,680    21.80     45,350     20.78
     Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door...............      50,660    30.00     62,400     29.13
    Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers.............     344,020    25.68     53,410     24.32
    Home appliance repairers..........................................................      27,640    21.06     43,810     20.00
    Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................     496,380    27.30     56,790     26.40
     Industrial machinery mechanics...................................................     385,980    27.57     57,350     26.68
     Maintenance workers, machinery...................................................      65,240    24.98     51,960     24.08
     Millwrights......................................................................      44,400    28.40     59,080     27.53
     Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons...............................         760    26.48     55,080     26.26
    Line installers and repairers.....................................................     237,420    32.66     67,940     32.71
     Electrical power-line installers and repairers...................................     114,930    35.78     74,410     36.07
     Telecommunications line installers and repairers.................................     122,480    29.74     61,860     28.30
    Precision instrument and equipment repairers......................................      71,430    25.88     53,830     24.40
     Camera and photographic equipment repairers......................................       3,320    20.55     42,740     19.39
     Medical equipment repairers......................................................      48,510    26.49     55,090     24.81
     Musical instrument repairers and tuners..........................................       7,070    19.12     39,770     17.70
     Watch and clock repairers........................................................       2,430    23.35     48,560     21.77
     Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other..........................      10,100    30.05     62,500     29.53
    Maintenance and repair workers, general...........................................   1,357,630    21.05     43,790     19.64
    Wind turbine service technicians..................................................       5,860    28.53     59,340     27.03
    Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......................     319,050    20.91     43,490     18.80
     Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers.....................      25,080    19.09     39,710     18.07
     Commercial divers................................................................       3,460    34.54     71,850     26.35
     Locksmiths and safe repairers....................................................      16,180    22.23     46,240     21.00
     Manufactured building and mobile home installers.................................       2,900    17.48     36,360     16.89
     Riggers..........................................................................      21,700    25.49     53,020     24.45
     Signal and track switch repairers................................................       7,250    36.53     75,970     36.64
     Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers...........................      91,430    16.33     33,960     15.27
     Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other.........................     151,050    22.19     46,160     20.42
                                                                                                                                
Production occupations                                                                   8,519,410    20.08     41,760     18.00
   Supervisors of production workers..................................................     599,900    32.12     66,800     30.22
    First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................     599,900    32.12     66,800     30.22
   Assemblers and fabricators.........................................................   1,724,470    18.05     37,550     16.81
    Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers.....................      38,460    26.69     55,510     25.56
    Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers.........................     296,380    18.66     38,810     17.53
     Coil winders, tapers, and finishers..............................................      12,580    19.37     40,280     18.26
     Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,                                             
      tapers, and finishers...........................................................     283,800    18.63     38,750     17.49
    Engine and other machine assemblers...............................................      41,510    22.69     47,190     22.00
    Structural metal fabricators and fitters..........................................      69,550    21.51     44,750     20.09
    Fiberglass laminators and fabricators.............................................      18,800    18.41     38,280     17.76
    Timing device assemblers and adjusters............................................       1,000    18.96     39,430     17.39
    Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators..........................................   1,258,780    17.30     35,980     16.13
   Food processing workers............................................................     777,500    15.69     32,640     14.88
    Bakers............................................................................     168,890    14.93     31,060     14.13
    Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers.....................     367,970    15.56     32,370     14.94
     Butchers and meat cutters........................................................     142,220    16.65     34,630     15.82
     Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers.....................................     147,760    14.81     30,800     14.51
     Slaughterers and meat packers....................................................      77,980    15.00     31,210     14.76
    Miscellaneous food processing workers.............................................     240,640    16.43     34,170     15.36
     Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders......      19,010    17.01     35,370     15.62
     Food batchmakers.................................................................     153,270    16.81     34,970     15.72
     Food cooking machine operators and tenders.......................................      26,530    16.43     34,180     15.87
     Food processing workers, all other...............................................      41,840    14.75     30,680     14.24
   Metal workers and plastic workers..................................................   1,691,060    20.93     43,540     19.60
    Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................     117,530    19.86     41,310     18.96
     Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.      69,300    18.75     38,990     18.05
     Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...............      13,730    20.90     43,480     19.92
     Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...............      34,500    21.69     45,110     20.96
    Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...........     297,430    18.99     39,500     18.07
     Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and                                            
      plastic.........................................................................     179,300    18.58     38,650     17.78
     Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and                                                
      plastic.........................................................................       9,090    20.58     42,800     19.13
     Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,                                                 
      and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................      69,570    18.65     38,800     17.73
     Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and                                                  
      plastic.........................................................................      23,710    20.72     43,100     19.90
     Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...      15,760    21.60     44,920     20.74
    Machinists........................................................................     360,340    22.98     47,800     22.04
    Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................      22,490    21.57     44,860     20.67
     Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders.....................................      15,290    22.12     46,000     21.45
     Pourers and casters, metal.......................................................       7,200    20.41     42,440     19.31
    Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic.................................       5,800    26.26     54,630     24.83
     Model makers, metal and plastic..................................................       3,400    27.97     58,180     26.33
     Patternmakers, metal and plastic.................................................       2,400    23.83     49,570     23.16
    Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....     171,110    17.40     36,190     16.14
     Foundry mold and coremakers......................................................      16,090    18.45     38,370     17.86
     Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal                                            
      and plastic.....................................................................     155,020    17.29     35,960     15.91
    Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic..........     134,660    19.13     39,800     18.03
    Tool and die makers...............................................................      61,190    26.69     55,520     26.33
    Welding, soldering, and brazing workers...........................................     430,700    22.25     46,280     21.05
     Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers.........................................     397,550    22.45     46,690     21.25
     Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders..........      33,150    19.86     41,320     18.95
    Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers...................................      89,810    19.26     40,060     17.89
     Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......      16,550    20.04     41,680     19.00
     Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................       7,570    24.51     50,980     25.14
     Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...............      38,470    17.76     36,950     16.75
     Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................       6,080    21.00     43,670     19.74
     Metal workers and plastic workers, all other.....................................      21,140    18.98     39,490     17.08
   Printing workers...................................................................     230,720    19.18     39,890     18.08
    Printing workers..................................................................     230,720    19.18     39,890     18.08
     Prepress technicians and workers.................................................      28,010    20.85     43,370     19.91
     Printing press operators.........................................................     160,270    19.32     40,200     18.21
     Print binding and finishing workers..............................................      42,450    17.51     36,430     16.47
   Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers..........................................     491,520    14.38     29,920     13.47
    Laundry and dry-cleaning workers..................................................     179,890    12.79     26,600     12.24
    Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials.................................      31,980    12.53     26,050     12.30
    Sewing machine operators..........................................................     116,520    14.14     29,420     13.57
    Shoe and leather workers..........................................................      11,450    15.12     31,460     14.70
     Shoe and leather workers and repairers...........................................       7,380    15.13     31,480     14.69
     Shoe machine operators and tenders...............................................       4,080    15.11     31,430     14.72
    Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers..................................................      24,260    16.97     35,300     15.44
     Sewers, hand.....................................................................       3,410    14.80     30,790     14.42
     Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers..........................................      20,860    17.33     36,040     15.69
    Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders...................................      64,220    15.33     31,900     14.75
     Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders.......................       7,260    15.19     31,600     14.55
     Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders..........................      12,650    14.85     30,890     14.38
     Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders.............      18,830    15.56     32,370     14.95
     Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and                                                 
      tenders.........................................................................      25,480    15.45     32,130     14.85
    Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers...........................      63,200    18.22     37,890     16.69
     Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and                                               
      glass fibers....................................................................      15,840    18.83     39,170     17.87
     Fabric and apparel patternmakers.................................................       4,670    27.83     57,880     23.88
     Upholsterers.....................................................................      26,180    18.21     37,870     17.43
     Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other.............................      16,510    14.94     31,070     13.77
   Woodworkers........................................................................     240,750    17.24     35,850     16.25
    Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................      93,300    18.70     38,900     17.65
    Furniture finishers...............................................................      15,590    16.84     35,040     15.85
    Model makers and patternmakers, wood..............................................         990    29.93     62,250     30.88
     Model makers, wood...............................................................         800    30.10     62,600     30.79
     Patternmakers, wood..............................................................         190    29.21     60,750     31.31
    Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders...............................     123,560    16.08     33,440     15.35
     Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood.............................      48,400    16.01     33,290     15.17
     Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing...............      75,160    16.13     33,540     15.46
    Woodworkers, all other............................................................       7,300    17.17     35,710     16.17
   Plant and system operators.........................................................     297,000    31.48     65,490     30.07
    Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers..............................      48,210    41.69     86,720     42.83
     Nuclear power reactor operators..................................................       5,310    50.23    104,470     50.02
     Power distributors and dispatchers...............................................       9,940    44.84     93,260     45.72
     Power plant operators............................................................      32,960    39.37     81,890     40.70
    Stationary engineers and boiler operators.........................................      29,550    32.77     68,170     31.09
    Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators.........................     119,380    24.95     51,890     23.60
    Miscellaneous plant and system operators..........................................      99,870    33.99     70,700     34.04
     Chemical plant and system operators..............................................      29,710    31.47     65,460     31.71
     Gas plant operators..............................................................      14,990    35.24     73,290     35.08
     Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers.................      40,480    37.31     77,610     37.90
     Plant and system operators, all other............................................      14,680    28.65     59,600     28.35
   Other production occupations.......................................................   2,466,480    19.48     40,510     17.89
    Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................     141,000    24.58     51,120     23.02
     Chemical equipment operators and tenders.........................................      93,060    25.64     53,330     24.29
     Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,                                               
      operators, and tenders..........................................................      47,930    22.52     46,850     20.72
    Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers.......................     172,710    19.28     40,110     18.20
     Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........      32,460    19.85     41,290     18.93
     Grinding and polishing workers, hand.............................................      24,050    16.53     34,380     15.26
     Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders......................     116,190    19.69     40,960     18.60
    Cutting workers...................................................................      60,740    18.12     37,690     17.46
     Cutters and trimmers, hand.......................................................       7,980    16.44     34,190     15.21
     Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders......................      52,760    18.37     38,220     17.78
    Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and                                                
     tenders..........................................................................      63,730    18.48     38,440     17.58
    Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders......................      16,880    20.15     41,910     19.56
    Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers..............................     549,200    21.43     44,580     19.45
    Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers.....................................      18,650    23.10     48,050     20.14
    Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians....      70,650    20.25     42,130     18.57
     Dental laboratory technicians....................................................      30,800    21.75     45,230     20.24
     Medical appliance technicians....................................................      13,710    21.94     45,630     20.07
     Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................      26,140    17.62     36,640     16.56
    Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders...............................     370,910    16.94     35,220     15.69
    Painting workers..................................................................     149,370    20.08     41,770     18.63
     Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................      11,860    18.05     37,540     16.72
     Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders..........     137,510    20.26     42,140     18.78
    Semiconductor processing technicians..............................................      31,080    21.74     45,210     19.47
    Photographic process workers and processing machine operators.....................       8,880    18.94     39,390     16.69
    Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers....................     174,650    22.47     46,740     21.26
     Computer numerically controlled tool operators...................................     149,120    21.30     44,300     20.32
     Computer numerically controlled tool programmers.................................      25,530    29.33     61,010     27.76
    Miscellaneous production workers..................................................     638,030    17.15     35,660     15.67
     Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders...................................      12,400    18.10     37,640     17.44
     Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............      14,060    16.64     34,600     15.49
     Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders.............................       8,020    19.05     39,610     18.10
     Etchers and engravers............................................................       9,490    16.94     35,230     15.28
     Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic..........................      41,660    17.97     37,370     17.04
     Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders..............................      99,890    19.94     41,480     19.15
     Tire builders....................................................................      18,820    22.11     45,980     22.25
     Helpers--production workers......................................................     239,340    15.39     32,000     14.66
     Production workers, all other....................................................     194,360    17.13     35,620     15.10
                                                                                                                                
Transportation and material moving occupations                                          12,163,360    19.08     39,680     16.38
   Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers..........................     487,450    28.04     58,330     26.37
    First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers..............     487,450    28.04     58,330     26.37
     Aircraft cargo handling supervisors..............................................      10,020    28.66     59,620     25.77
     First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except                                               
      aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................     477,430    28.03     58,300     26.38
   Air transportation workers.........................................................     269,710     (²)     111,420      (²)
    Aircraft pilots and flight engineers..............................................     120,670     (²)     163,480      (²)
     Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers...................................      83,550     (²)     186,870      (²)
     Commercial pilots................................................................      37,120     (²)     110,830      (²)
    Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists.......................      32,780    50.54    105,120     47.91
     Air traffic controllers..........................................................      22,190    61.27    127,440     62.70
     Airfield operations specialists..................................................      10,590    28.06     58,360     24.68
    Flight attendants.................................................................     116,260     (²)      59,150      (²)
   Motor vehicle operators............................................................   3,976,410    20.56     42,770     19.52
    Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............      14,120    14.76     30,700     13.43
    Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................   3,148,070    21.25     44,200     20.40
     Driver/sales workers.............................................................     420,890    15.32     31,870     13.44
     Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers..........................................   1,797,710    23.42     48,710     22.66
     Light truck drivers..............................................................     929,470    19.74     41,050     17.81
    Passenger vehicle drivers.........................................................     762,820    17.93     37,300     16.67
     Bus drivers, transit and intercity...............................................     162,850    23.13     48,110     22.07
     Passenger vehicle drivers, except bus drivers, transit and intercity.............     599,980    16.52     34,360     15.54
    Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................      51,390    19.33     40,200     17.87
   Rail transportation workers........................................................     114,040    31.42     65,360     30.97
    Locomotive engineers and operators................................................      41,690    33.15     68,960     33.58
     Locomotive engineers.............................................................      37,110    33.97     70,660     34.55
     Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers..............................       4,580    26.54     55,200     24.86
    Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers................      14,630    26.87     55,890     27.82
    Railroad conductors and yardmasters...............................................      44,920    31.46     65,440     30.78
    Subway and streetcar operators....................................................      11,250    31.48     65,480     33.38
    Rail transportation workers, all other............................................       1,540    26.28     54,670     23.06
   Water transportation workers.......................................................      63,020    35.35     73,530     28.48
    Sailors and marine oilers.........................................................      25,570    26.77     55,680     21.60
    Ship and boat captains and operators..............................................      29,980    41.76     86,860     35.39
     Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels.....................................      27,590    43.14     89,740     37.08
     Motorboat operators..............................................................       2,380    25.72     53,500     26.88
    Ship engineers....................................................................       7,480    38.99     81,110     36.53
   Other transportation workers.......................................................     330,830    16.81     34,970     13.83
    Bridge and lock tenders...........................................................       3,080    23.85     49,610     25.16
    Parking attendants................................................................     123,790    13.42     27,910     13.02
    Automotive and watercraft service attendants......................................     112,750    13.53     28,150     12.76
    Traffic technicians...............................................................       7,430    25.55     53,140     22.98
    Transportation inspectors.........................................................      27,360    39.10     81,320     37.69
    Passenger attendants..............................................................      22,990    14.62     30,410     13.83
    Aircraft service attendants and transportation workers, all other.................      33,430    21.12     43,920     18.17
   Material moving workers............................................................   6,921,900    16.00     33,290     14.77
    Conveyor operators and tenders....................................................      23,160    18.05     37,540     17.20
    Crane and tower operators.........................................................      44,060    30.77     64,010     28.71
    Dredge operators..................................................................       1,750    25.86     53,790     23.66
    Hoist and winch operators.........................................................       4,460    30.16     62,730     30.10
    Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................     640,950    18.85     39,210     18.06
    Laborers and material movers......................................................   6,021,330    15.40     32,040     14.38
     Cleaners of vehicles and equipment...............................................     341,660    14.14     29,400     13.29
     Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand...........................   2,805,200    16.21     33,710     14.96
     Machine feeders and offbearers...................................................      64,240    16.57     34,470     15.87
     Packers and packagers, hand......................................................     599,270    14.07     29,270     13.49
     Stockers and order fillers.......................................................   2,210,960    14.91     31,010     14.03
    Pumping station operators.........................................................      26,430    27.65     57,500     27.21
     Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators.................................       3,800    30.66     63,770     32.62
     Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers..........................................      10,580    24.92     51,830     23.12
     Wellhead pumpers.................................................................      12,050    29.09     60,500     29.19
    Refuse and recyclable material collectors.........................................     120,850    20.49     42,620     18.80
    Tank car, truck, and ship loaders.................................................      12,610    24.36     50,670     21.93
    Material moving workers, all other................................................      26,300    18.16     37,770     15.80

     1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
        hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly
        calculated from the reported survey data.

     2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or
        annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.

     3 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.

     4 Estimate not released.

Last Modified Date: March 31, 2021