Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, July 6, 2022     USDL-22-1442
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2022

The number of job openings decreased to 11.3 million on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.5 million and 6.0 
million, respectively. Within separations, quits (4.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.4 million) 
were little changed. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 
separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of May, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 11.3 million 
(-427,000) and 6.9 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in professional and 
business services (-325,000), durable goods manufacturing (-138,000), and nondurable goods 
manufacturing (-70,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In May, the number of hires was little changed at 6.5 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.3 
percent. Hires decreased in finance and insurance (-40,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In May, the number of total separations was little changed at 6.0 million. The rate was unchanged at 
3.9 percent. Total separations decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-30,000) and in state and 
local government education (-28,000). (See table 3.)

In May, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 4.3 million and 2.8 percent, respectively. 
Quits decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-33,000) and in state and local government 
education (-19,000). Quits increased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+19,000). (See table 4.)

In May, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The rate was unchanged 
at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges increased in wholesale trade (+24,000) and in federal government 
(+4,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in May at 324,000. Other separations decreased in 
state and local government education (-12,000) and in educational services (-3,000). Other separations 
increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+6,000). (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 78.4 million and separations totaled 72.0 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In May, the job openings rate decreased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees. The quits rate 
decreased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees and in establishments with 5,000 or more 
employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, August 2, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,639	11,681	11,254	6,092	6,527	6,489	5,513	5,965	5,983
Total private	8,698	10,627	10,212	5,736	6,127	6,076	5,234	5,593	5,624
Mining and logging	27	41	36	22	24	25	16	17	22
Construction	308	440	434	307	349	361	339	341	334
Manufacturing	885	1,017	809	411	497	476	384	462	450
Durable goods	497	625	487	227	273	252	196	248	232
Nondurable goods	388	392	322	184	223	224	188	214	218
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,687	1,886	2,016	1,300	1,351	1,312	1,214	1,244	1,236
Wholesale trade	287	300	345	166	191	191	151	172	181
Retail trade	968	1,040	1,144	824	831	797	793	793	792
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	432	546	526	311	328	325	270	279	264
Information	144	265	238	105	102	100	88	84	89
Financial activities	396	511	501	206	277	232	207	249	214
Finance and insurance	280	360	346	133	188	148	138	152	147
Real estate and rental and leasing	116	151	155	73	90	83	69	97	67
Professional and business services	1,730	2,327	2,002	1,158	1,328	1,292	1,062	1,192	1,180
Education and health services	1,706	2,152	2,166	764	852	897	729	777	811
Educational services	165	205	188	92	110	128	72	94	94
Health care and social assistance	1,541	1,946	1,978	672	742	768	657	683	717
Leisure and hospitality	1,350	1,498	1,570	1,242	1,111	1,136	994	1,000	1,052
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	153	171	170	171	167	171	131	141	158
Accommodation and food services	1,197	1,327	1,400	1,070	944	965	863	859	894
Other services	466	490	440	221	235	245	200	228	234
Government	941	1,054	1,042	356	400	413	279	373	359
Federal	134	125	132	38	42	44	43	43	43
State and local	807	929	910	317	358	369	236	330	315
State and local education	355	366	379	202	181	192	99	168	140
State and local, excluding education	452	563	530	116	177	176	137	162	175
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.2	7.2	6.9	4.2	4.3	4.3	3.8	3.9	3.9
Total private	6.6	7.6	7.3	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.2	4.3	4.3
Mining and logging	4.6	6.3	5.4	3.9	4.0	4.1	2.9	2.8	3.6
Construction	4.0	5.5	5.4	4.2	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.4
Manufacturing	6.7	7.4	6.0	3.3	3.9	3.7	3.1	3.6	3.5
Durable goods	6.1	7.3	5.8	3.0	3.5	3.2	2.6	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	7.7	7.5	6.2	4.0	4.6	4.6	4.0	4.4	4.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.8	6.2	6.6	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3
Wholesale trade	4.8	4.9	5.6	2.9	3.3	3.3	2.7	2.9	3.1
Retail trade	5.9	6.2	6.8	5.4	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.2	7.2	7.0	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.1	4.0	3.7
Information	4.9	8.2	7.4	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.0
Financial activities	4.3	5.4	5.3	2.3	3.1	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	4.1	5.2	5.0	2.0	2.8	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.9	6.0	6.1	3.2	3.8	3.5	3.1	4.1	2.8
Professional and business services	7.6	9.5	8.3	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.3
Education and health services	6.7	8.2	8.2	3.2	3.5	3.7	3.1	3.2	3.3
Educational services	4.4	5.2	4.7	2.6	2.9	3.4	2.0	2.5	2.5
Health care and social assistance	7.1	8.7	8.8	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.3	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	8.9	8.8	9.1	9.0	7.1	7.3	7.2	6.4	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.4	7.0	6.9	8.9	7.3	7.5	6.8	6.2	6.9
Accommodation and food services	9.1	9.1	9.5	9.0	7.1	7.2	7.2	6.5	6.7
Other services	7.9	7.9	7.2	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.7	4.0	4.1
Government	4.1	4.5	4.5	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.3	1.7	1.6
Federal	4.4	4.2	4.4	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local	4.1	4.6	4.5	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.2	1.7	1.6
State and local education	3.4	3.4	3.5	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.0	1.6	1.4
State and local, excluding education	4.8	5.9	5.6	1.3	2.0	2.0	1.5	1.8	1.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	9,639	11,283	11,344	11,855	11,681	11,254	6.2	7.0	7.0	7.3	7.2	6.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,698	10,235	10,256	10,812	10,627	10,212	6.6	7.4	7.4	7.7	7.6	7.3
Mining and logging	27	37	36	45	41	36	4.6	5.8	5.7	6.9	6.3	5.4
Construction	308	383	383	426	440	434	4.0	4.8	4.8	5.3	5.5	5.4
Manufacturing	885	859	785	877	1,017	809	6.7	6.4	5.9	6.5	7.4	6.0
Durable goods	497	500	467	536	625	487	6.1	6.0	5.6	6.4	7.3	5.8
Nondurable goods	388	360	318	340	392	322	7.7	7.0	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,687	1,832	1,993	2,036	1,886	2,016	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.2	6.6
Wholesale trade	287	294	317	295	300	345	4.8	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.9	5.6
Retail trade	968	1,029	1,139	1,263	1,040	1,144	5.9	6.2	6.7	7.4	6.2	6.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	432	510	537	478	546	526	6.2	6.9	7.2	6.4	7.2	7.0
Information	144	217	180	226	265	238	4.9	6.9	5.8	7.1	8.2	7.4
Financial activities	396	502	453	508	511	501	4.3	5.4	4.8	5.4	5.4	5.3
Finance and insurance	280	376	319	375	360	346	4.1	5.4	4.6	5.4	5.2	5.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	116	126	134	133	151	155	4.9	5.2	5.4	5.4	6.0	6.1
Professional and business services	1,730	2,078	2,038	2,330	2,327	2,002	7.6	8.7	8.5	9.5	9.5	8.3
Education and health services	1,706	2,146	2,256	2,278	2,152	2,166	6.7	8.2	8.6	8.6	8.2	8.2
Educational services	165	178	204	211	205	188	4.4	4.6	5.2	5.3	5.2	4.7
Health care and social assistance	1,541	1,968	2,052	2,067	1,946	1,978	7.1	8.9	9.2	9.2	8.7	8.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,350	1,698	1,720	1,660	1,498	1,570	8.9	10.0	10.0	9.7	8.8	9.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	153	175	203	207	171	170	7.4	7.3	8.3	8.4	7.0	6.9
Accommodation and food services	1,197	1,523	1,517	1,453	1,327	1,400	9.1	10.4	10.3	9.9	9.1	9.5
Other services	466	483	412	426	490	440	7.9	7.9	6.8	7.0	7.9	7.2
Government	941	1,048	1,088	1,044	1,054	1,042	4.1	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.5
Federal	134	125	162	128	125	132	4.4	4.2	5.3	4.3	4.2	4.4
State and local	807	924	926	915	929	910	4.1	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.5
State and local education	355	373	380	327	366	379	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.5
State and local, excluding education	452	551	545	588	563	530	4.8	5.8	5.7	6.1	5.9	5.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,715	1,952	1,911	1,980	1,911	1,930	6.2	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.6	6.7
South	3,712	4,237	4,262	4,650	4,503	4,293	6.4	7.1	7.1	7.6	7.4	7.1
Midwest	2,104	2,587	2,487	2,533	2,684	2,462	6.3	7.4	7.1	7.2	7.6	7.0
West	2,108	2,507	2,684	2,693	2,582	2,570	5.9	6.7	7.1	7.1	6.8	6.8
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	6,092	6,426	6,832	6,645	6,527	6,489	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,736	6,019	6,414	6,241	6,127	6,076	4.7	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.7
Mining and logging	22	20	24	24	24	25	3.9	3.4	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1
Construction	307	323	408	399	349	361	4.2	4.3	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.7
Manufacturing	411	467	500	514	497	476	3.3	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.7
Durable goods	227	250	272	279	273	252	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.2
Nondurable goods	184	217	228	235	223	224	4.0	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,300	1,371	1,513	1,385	1,351	1,312	4.7	4.8	5.3	4.8	4.7	4.6
Wholesale trade	166	170	172	173	191	191	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.3
Retail trade	824	898	1,017	906	831	797	5.4	5.7	6.4	5.7	5.3	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	303	324	306	328	325	4.7	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.7	4.6
Information	105	116	89	106	102	100	3.8	4.0	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.4
Financial activities	206	236	236	223	277	232	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.5	3.1	2.6
Finance and insurance	133	161	159	150	188	148	2.0	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.8	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	75	77	73	90	83	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.8	3.5
Professional and business services	1,158	1,242	1,307	1,320	1,328	1,292	5.5	5.7	5.9	6.0	6.0	5.8
Education and health services	764	832	890	811	852	897	3.2	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.7
Educational services	92	103	116	108	110	128	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.4
Health care and social assistance	672	730	774	703	742	768	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,242	1,202	1,182	1,198	1,111	1,136	9.0	7.9	7.7	7.7	7.1	7.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	171	165	163	177	167	171	8.9	7.5	7.3	7.9	7.3	7.5
Accommodation and food services	1,070	1,037	1,019	1,021	944	965	9.0	7.9	7.7	7.7	7.1	7.2
Other services	221	210	266	261	235	245	4.1	3.7	4.7	4.6	4.1	4.3
Government	356	407	418	404	400	413	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
Federal	38	41	42	40	42	44	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local	317	366	376	364	358	369	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
State and local education	202	200	192	196	181	192	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9
State and local, excluding education	116	166	185	168	177	176	1.3	1.8	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	847	1,007	1,056	962	963	975	3.3	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6
South	2,536	2,611	2,886	2,836	2,741	2,688	4.7	4.7	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.8
Midwest	1,306	1,318	1,305	1,352	1,293	1,356	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.1
West	1,402	1,490	1,585	1,494	1,530	1,470	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	5,513	6,044	6,082	6,248	5,965	5,983	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,234	5,673	5,676	5,843	5,593	5,624	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.3
Mining and logging	16	18	17	21	17	22	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.4	2.8	3.6
Construction	339	325	344	380	341	334	4.6	4.3	4.5	5.0	4.5	4.4
Manufacturing	384	457	473	488	462	450	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.5
Durable goods	196	246	261	255	248	232	2.6	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	188	211	212	233	214	218	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.4	4.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,214	1,308	1,311	1,302	1,244	1,236	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.3
Wholesale trade	151	161	156	151	172	181	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.9	3.1
Retail trade	793	865	895	871	793	792	5.2	5.5	5.7	5.5	5.0	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	270	282	260	281	279	264	4.1	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.0	3.7
Information	88	122	83	79	84	89	3.1	4.2	2.9	2.7	2.8	3.0
Financial activities	207	233	201	218	249	214	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	138	163	144	156	152	147	2.1	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	70	57	62	97	67	3.1	3.0	2.4	2.7	4.1	2.8
Professional and business services	1,062	1,133	1,178	1,267	1,192	1,180	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.4	5.3
Education and health services	729	805	785	761	777	811	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
Educational services	72	89	102	96	94	94	2.0	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5
Health care and social assistance	657	716	683	665	683	717	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	994	1,052	1,054	1,077	1,000	1,052	7.2	6.9	6.8	7.0	6.4	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	131	143	134	140	141	158	6.8	6.5	6.0	6.2	6.2	6.9
Accommodation and food services	863	909	920	937	859	894	7.2	7.0	7.0	7.1	6.5	6.7
Other services	200	219	229	249	228	234	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.4	4.0	4.1
Government	279	371	407	405	373	359	1.3	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.6
Federal	43	44	42	41	43	43	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local	236	327	365	364	330	315	1.2	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6
State and local education	99	160	192	201	168	140	1.0	1.6	1.9	2.0	1.6	1.4
State and local, excluding education	137	167	173	163	162	175	1.5	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	786	881	905	875	900	857	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2
South	2,295	2,413	2,454	2,698	2,482	2,485	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.8	4.4	4.4
Midwest	1,212	1,254	1,269	1,217	1,274	1,213	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.7
West	1,220	1,497	1,455	1,457	1,309	1,427	3.6	4.3	4.2	4.1	3.7	4.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	3,838	4,258	4,384	4,449	4,327	4,270	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,683	4,032	4,130	4,192	4,088	4,051	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.1
Mining and logging	9	14	14	15	13	16	1.5	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.6
Construction	175	172	173	248	213	220	2.4	2.3	2.3	3.3	2.8	2.9
Manufacturing	258	315	345	362	333	326	2.1	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.6
Durable goods	126	165	189	188	176	167	1.7	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.1
Nondurable goods	132	150	157	174	157	159	2.8	3.2	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	907	991	1,030	980	956	923	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2
Wholesale trade	100	112	123	102	123	110	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.1	1.9
Retail trade	625	697	732	690	645	630	4.1	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.1	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	182	181	175	189	188	183	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.6
Information	53	45	51	50	51	54	1.9	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8
Financial activities	128	164	143	155	193	138	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.7	2.2	1.5
Finance and insurance	83	113	100	112	112	91	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	45	51	43	44	80	47	2.0	2.2	1.8	1.9	3.4	2.0
Professional and business services	688	711	721	763	783	754	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.4
Education and health services	548	617	618	586	604	621	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6
Educational services	52	58	57	61	73	66	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.9	1.7
Health care and social assistance	496	559	561	525	530	555	2.5	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	779	853	866	874	803	857	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.7	5.2	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	71	70	77	73	92	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.4	3.2	4.0
Accommodation and food services	709	782	796	797	730	765	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.5	5.7
Other services	139	152	170	159	139	141	2.6	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.5
Government	155	225	254	256	239	219	0.7	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0
Federal	22	24	23	23	23	22	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local	133	202	231	233	216	198	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0
State and local education	53	100	123	135	109	90	0.5	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.1	0.9
State and local, excluding education	80	101	108	99	107	107	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	473	580	602	586	592	575	1.8	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1
South	1,651	1,748	1,784	1,896	1,806	1,817	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.2
Midwest	845	898	942	884	936	875	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.7
West	869	1,032	1,056	1,082	993	1,003	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	1,343	1,403	1,354	1,416	1,312	1,389	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,270	1,327	1,273	1,333	1,243	1,309	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	6	3	3	4	3	6	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.9
Construction	150	144	157	110	116	105	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.4	1.5	1.4
Manufacturing	101	115	104	102	107	102	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	55	62	57	51	58	52	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	46	53	47	51	49	50	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	257	253	229	243	233	267	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
Wholesale trade	41	35	27	31	38	62	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.1
Retail trade	142	145	128	142	124	138	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	74	73	74	70	71	67	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9
Information	29	74	19	24	27	28	1.1	2.5	0.6	0.8	0.9	1.0
Financial activities	45	33	42	39	31	41	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finance and insurance	26	20	28	21	17	29	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	13	14	18	14	12	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.5
Professional and business services	306	326	365	428	338	344	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.5
Education and health services	138	148	135	126	131	151	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6
Educational services	16	22	37	22	14	25	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.7
Health care and social assistance	121	126	98	104	117	126	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	188	177	164	176	178	178	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	54	70	61	60	64	64	2.8	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8
Accommodation and food services	134	107	102	115	114	115	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other services	50	54	55	82	79	88	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.5
Government	72	75	81	83	69	80	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
Federal	8	7	7	6	6	10	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local	64	69	74	77	62	70	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
State and local education	34	34	41	41	31	34	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	30	35	33	36	32	36	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	260	230	235	221	259	236	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9
South	509	521	529	638	536	547	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0
Midwest	299	281	269	256	267	277	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
West	275	371	321	301	249	330	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	333	383	344	384	327	324	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	281	313	272	318	262	264	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	2	1	1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Construction	14	9	14	22	12	10	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	25	27	23	24	22	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	19	15	16	14	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	8	8	8	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	51	65	52	79	56	47	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	10	14	6	18	11	9	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	26	22	35	39	24	24	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	15	28	11	22	21	14	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Information	6	4	14	6	5	7	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	34	36	16	24	25	36	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	28	30	16	23	22	27	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	6	0	0	2	8	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.4
Professional and business services	69	97	91	76	71	82	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	44	40	32	49	42	39	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	8	8	13	6	3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	40	31	24	36	36	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	23	24	27	18	17	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7	2	2	2	4	3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	20	20	22	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other services	11	13	4	9	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	52	70	72	66	65	60	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	14	12	12	13	12	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	39	57	60	54	52	48	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	13	26	28	26	28	16	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	31	32	28	24	31	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	71	68	69	48	46	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	136	145	141	165	140	121	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	67	75	58	76	71	62	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	76	94	77	74	66	95	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	9,641	12,324	11,245	6.2	7.5	6.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,675	11,267	10,173	6.6	8.1	7.3
Mining and logging	25	42	33	4.3	6.4	5.2
Construction	336	481	466	4.3	6.0	5.7
Manufacturing	885	1,004	797	6.7	7.3	5.9
Durable goods	491	616	477	6.1	7.2	5.7
Nondurable goods	394	388	320	7.8	7.5	6.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,649	1,868	1,986	5.7	6.2	6.5
Wholesale trade	294	334	369	4.9	5.4	5.9
Retail trade	931	979	1,101	5.8	5.9	6.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	424	554	516	6.2	7.5	6.9
Information	135	279	229	4.6	8.6	7.2
Financial activities	357	559	466	3.9	5.9	5.0
Finance and insurance	249	391	309	3.7	5.6	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	108	168	157	4.6	6.7	6.3
Professional and business services	1,719	2,431	2,030	7.6	9.9	8.4
Education and health services	1,633	2,359	2,062	6.5	8.8	7.8
Educational services	161	212	180	4.3	5.2	4.5
Health care and social assistance	1,472	2,146	1,882	6.8	9.5	8.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,465	1,744	1,660	9.5	10.2	9.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	198	199	191	9.1	8.3	7.6
Accommodation and food services	1,268	1,545	1,469	9.5	10.5	9.9
Other services	470	500	442	8.0	8.1	7.2
Government	966	1,057	1,072	4.2	4.5	4.6
Federal	135	132	133	4.5	4.4	4.4
State and local	831	925	939	4.1	4.5	4.6
State and local education	376	356	411	3.5	3.2	3.7
State and local, excluding education	455	569	528	4.8	6.0	5.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,703	1,912	1,913	6.2	6.7	6.6
South	3,714	4,838	4,311	6.4	7.9	7.1
Midwest	2,134	2,842	2,480	6.3	8.0	7.0
West	2,090	2,732	2,542	5.8	7.2	6.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	6,647	6,766	7,048	4.6	4.5	4.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,298	6,454	6,604	5.1	5.0	5.1
Mining and logging	23	28	28	4.2	4.6	4.6
Construction	384	448	437	5.2	5.9	5.7
Manufacturing	447	504	507	3.7	4.0	4.0
Durable goods	250	278	270	3.3	3.5	3.4
Nondurable goods	197	226	237	4.3	4.7	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,323	1,253	1,299	4.8	4.4	4.6
Wholesale trade	168	205	197	3.0	3.5	3.4
Retail trade	875	770	801	5.7	4.9	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	280	278	301	4.3	4.0	4.3
Information	117	98	109	4.2	3.3	3.7
Financial activities	225	300	254	2.6	3.4	2.8
Finance and insurance	138	189	150	2.1	2.9	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	111	103	3.9	4.8	4.4
Professional and business services	1,223	1,411	1,354	5.8	6.4	6.1
Education and health services	734	841	881	3.1	3.5	3.6
Educational services	72	84	116	2.0	2.1	3.0
Health care and social assistance	662	757	764	3.3	3.7	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,534	1,309	1,420	11.0	8.5	9.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	289	235	296	14.6	10.6	12.7
Accommodation and food services	1,245	1,074	1,124	10.4	8.2	8.4
Other services	289	263	316	5.3	4.6	5.6
Government	349	312	444	1.6	1.4	2.0
Federal	43	39	50	1.5	1.4	1.8
State and local	306	273	394	1.6	1.4	2.0
State and local education	134	93	127	1.3	0.9	1.2
State and local, excluding education	171	180	267	1.9	2.0	3.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	957	1,032	1,085	3.7	3.8	4.0
South	2,727	2,804	2,852	5.0	5.0	5.0
Midwest	1,494	1,329	1,594	4.7	4.1	4.9
West	1,469	1,601	1,517	4.3	4.5	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	5,391	5,975	5,856	3.7	4.0	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,091	5,699	5,473	4.1	4.4	4.2
Mining and logging	15	17	21	2.7	2.8	3.5
Construction	299	324	301	4.0	4.3	3.9
Manufacturing	382	480	438	3.1	3.8	3.4
Durable goods	198	267	227	2.6	3.4	2.9
Nondurable goods	184	213	211	4.0	4.4	4.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,146	1,230	1,145	4.2	4.3	4.0
Wholesale trade	138	184	166	2.4	3.2	2.8
Retail trade	784	765	761	5.2	4.9	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	224	281	217	3.5	4.1	3.1
Information	88	88	90	3.1	3.0	3.1
Financial activities	197	273	214	2.3	3.1	2.4
Finance and insurance	131	176	143	2.0	2.7	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	97	71	3.0	4.2	3.0
Professional and business services	1,056	1,287	1,159	5.0	5.8	5.2
Education and health services	736	779	844	3.1	3.2	3.5
Educational services	89	77	124	2.5	2.0	3.2
Health care and social assistance	648	702	720	3.2	3.4	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	963	1,001	1,014	6.9	6.5	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	91	114	118	4.6	5.2	5.1
Accommodation and food services	872	887	896	7.3	6.8	6.7
Other services	208	221	247	3.9	3.9	4.3
Government	300	276	383	1.4	1.2	1.7
Federal	38	38	36	1.3	1.3	1.2
State and local	262	238	347	1.4	1.2	1.8
State and local education	142	92	188	1.4	0.9	1.8
State and local, excluding education	120	145	159	1.3	1.6	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	702	880	779	2.7	3.3	2.9
South	2,290	2,525	2,476	4.2	4.5	4.4
Midwest	1,202	1,219	1,197	3.8	3.7	3.6
West	1,197	1,351	1,404	3.5	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	3,857	4,434	4,264	2.7	2.9	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,683	4,244	4,021	3.0	3.3	3.1
Mining and logging	8	14	16	1.4	2.2	2.6
Construction	151	212	205	2.0	2.8	2.7
Manufacturing	263	347	323	2.1	2.7	2.5
Durable goods	133	194	170	1.7	2.5	2.1
Nondurable goods	130	153	154	2.8	3.2	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	902	979	892	3.3	3.5	3.1
Wholesale trade	91	134	99	1.6	2.3	1.7
Retail trade	647	629	628	4.3	4.0	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	164	216	165	2.5	3.1	2.4
Information	54	54	58	1.9	1.8	1.9
Financial activities	130	222	141	1.5	2.5	1.6
Finance and insurance	87	141	93	1.3	2.1	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	44	81	48	2.0	3.5	2.0
Professional and business services	686	879	748	3.3	4.0	3.4
Education and health services	536	599	615	2.3	2.5	2.5
Educational services	56	61	76	1.6	1.6	2.0
Health care and social assistance	480	538	539	2.4	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	804	805	871	5.7	5.2	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	56	54	78	2.8	2.5	3.3
Accommodation and food services	748	750	793	6.2	5.7	5.9
Other services	150	135	152	2.8	2.4	2.7
Government	174	190	244	0.8	0.8	1.1
Federal	21	22	18	0.7	0.8	0.6
State and local	153	168	225	0.8	0.9	1.1
State and local education	73	60	113	0.7	0.6	1.1
State and local, excluding education	80	107	112	0.9	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	456	609	554	1.8	2.3	2.1
South	1,651	1,876	1,816	3.0	3.3	3.2
Midwest	875	935	894	2.8	2.9	2.7
West	875	1,015	1,000	2.6	2.9	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	1,225	1,238	1,288	0.8	0.8	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,150	1,198	1,208	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mining and logging	5	3	5	0.9	0.5	0.8
Construction	135	99	88	1.8	1.3	1.1
Manufacturing	93	110	92	0.8	0.9	0.7
Durable goods	50	58	44	0.7	0.7	0.6
Nondurable goods	43	52	48	0.9	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	194	193	209	0.7	0.7	0.7
Wholesale trade	40	40	61	0.7	0.7	1.0
Retail trade	109	110	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	46	43	39	0.7	0.6	0.6
Information	28	27	27	1.0	0.9	0.9
Financial activities	36	28	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	19	16	21	0.3	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	18	12	9	0.8	0.5	0.4
Professional and business services	318	346	350	1.5	1.6	1.6
Education and health services	156	138	189	0.7	0.6	0.8
Educational services	28	11	44	0.8	0.3	1.1
Health care and social assistance	128	127	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	136	179	128	1.0	1.2	0.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	29	56	38	1.5	2.5	1.6
Accommodation and food services	107	123	91	0.9	0.9	0.7
Other services	49	75	90	0.9	1.3	1.6
Government	75	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Federal	5	5	7	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local	69	35	73	0.4	0.2	0.4
State and local education	52	18	53	0.5	0.2	0.5
State and local, excluding education	17	17	19	0.2	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	197	223	184	0.8	0.8	0.7
South	512	527	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Midwest	261	220	243	0.8	0.7	0.7
West	255	267	316	0.8	0.8	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022(p)
Total	309	304	304	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	258	258	244	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	0.4	0.1	0.1
Construction	13	13	8	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	26	23	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	14	13	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	9	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	50	59	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	7	11	7	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	28	26	23	0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	14	22	13	0.2	0.3	0.2
Information	6	6	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	31	23	43	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finance and insurance	25	19	28	0.4	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	4	14	0.2	0.2	0.6
Professional and business services	52	62	61	0.2	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	45	43	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	5	5	4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	40	38	36	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	24	17	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6	3	3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	17	14	12	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other services	10	11	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	51	46	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Federal	12	11	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	40	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local education	17	14	22	0.2	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	23	21	27	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	48	48	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	127	122	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	67	64	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	67	70	88	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.