For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 9, 2018	USDL-18-0036

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.9 million on the last business day of November, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 
changed at 5.5 million and 5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.2 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, there were 5.9 million job openings, little changed from 
October. The job openings rate was 3.8 percent in November. The number of job openings was little 
changed for total private and for government. Job openings increased in retail trade (+88,000) but 
decreased in other services (-64,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-60,000), and real estate 
and rental and leasing (-39,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See 
table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million in November. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and increased for government (+43,000). Hires 
increased in state and local government, excluding education (+29,000) and state and local government 
education (+18,000). The number of hires decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in November. The total separations 
rate was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for 
government. Total separations increased in state and local government, excluding education (+21,000) 
but decreased in other services (-69,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (-27,000). The number of 
total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million in November. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and increased for government (+25,000). Quits 
increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+25,000) and state and local government, 
excluding education (+15,000). Quits decreased in other services (-49,000), real estate and rental and 
leasing (-21,000), and mining and logging (-6,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in November, little changed from October. The layoffs 
and discharges rate was 1.1 percent in November. The number of layoffs and discharges was little 
changed for total private, for government, and in all industries. The number of layoffs and discharges 
decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in November at 341,000. The number of other 
separations was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in state 
and local government, excluding education (+8,000) and arts, entertainment, and recreation (+4,000). 
Other separations decreased in accommodation and food services (-15,000) and federal government 
(-6,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 64.6 million 
and separations totaled 62.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2017 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, February 6, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,631	5,925	5,879	5,263	5,592	5,488	5,075	5,251	5,202
Total private	5,056	5,408	5,360	4,912	5,257	5,110	4,720	4,910	4,845
Mining and logging(1)	16	27	22	30	35	35	25	32	28
Construction(1)	178	195	210	337	384	347	323	361	340
Manufacturing	319	409	378	284	344	355	286	309	327
Durable goods(1)	186	247	231	169	198	209	165	176	184
Nondurable goods(1)	133	162	147	115	146	146	121	133	143
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,017	967	1,028	1,016	1,044	1,047	1,018	994	1,020
Wholesale trade(1)	203	135	167	135	155	144	129	133	123
Retail trade	636	623	711	666	688	677	698	677	688
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	178	210	150	215	200	226	191	183	208
Information(1)	73	74	78	71	74	74	73	72	70
Financial activities	324	380	380	175	213	192	160	204	167
Finance and insurance	263	264	303	114	136	120	120	136	126
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	61	116	77	61	77	72	40	68	41
Professional and business services	1,047	1,110	1,082	1,082	1,181	1,145	1,069	1,143	1,135
Education and health services	1,135	1,102	1,095	652	677	697	610	642	620
Educational services(1)	86	94	94	81	84	98	72	89	77
Health care and social assistance	1,048	1,009	1,000	571	593	599	539	553	544
Leisure and hospitality	756	848	854	1,056	1,060	1,019	986	933	988
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	79	67	151	162	157	144	141	168
Accommodation and food services	660	769	787	904	899	862	842	792	820
Other services(1)	192	296	232	210	246	199	170	219	150
Government	575	517	519	351	336	379	355	341	357
Federal(1)	82	73	66	40	43	39	43	41	36
State and local	494	444	453	311	292	340	313	301	320
State and local education	150	166	168	142	158	176	155	157	156
State and local, excluding education(1)	344	278	285	169	135	164	158	144	165
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.5
Total private	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.9
Mining and logging(1)	2.4	3.6	3.0	4.5	4.8	4.8	3.7	4.4	3.8
Construction(1)	2.6	2.7	2.9	5.0	5.5	5.0	4.8	5.2	4.9
Manufacturing	2.5	3.2	2.9	2.3	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.6
Durable goods(1)	2.4	3.1	2.9	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods(1)	2.8	3.3	3.0	2.5	3.1	3.1	2.6	2.8	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.7
Wholesale trade(1)	3.3	2.2	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	3.9	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.1	3.6	2.6	3.8	3.5	4.0	3.4	3.2	3.7
Information(1)	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.6
Financial activities	3.7	4.3	4.3	2.1	2.5	2.3	1.9	2.4	2.0
Finance and insurance	4.1	4.0	4.6	1.8	2.2	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	2.7	5.0	3.4	2.8	3.5	3.2	1.9	3.1	1.9
Professional and business services	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.4
Education and health services	4.7	4.5	4.5	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.7
Educational services(1)	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.0	2.4	2.1
Health care and social assistance	5.2	4.9	4.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	4.6	5.0	5.1	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.3	5.8	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.1	3.3	2.9	6.7	7.1	6.9	6.4	6.2	7.4
Accommodation and food services	4.7	5.3	5.4	6.7	6.5	6.3	6.2	5.8	6.0
Other services(1)	3.2	4.9	3.9	3.7	4.2	3.4	3.0	3.8	2.6
Government	2.5	2.3	2.3	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6
Federal(1)	2.8	2.5	2.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3
State and local	2.5	2.2	2.3	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6
State and local education	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.6	3.0	3.0	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	5,631	6,140	6,090	6,177	5,925	5,879	3.7	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,056	5,625	5,584	5,650	5,408	5,360	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging(3)	16	24	25	20	27	22	2.4	3.2	3.4	2.7	3.6	3.0
Construction(3)	178	237	230	179	195	210	2.6	3.3	3.2	2.5	2.7	2.9
Manufacturing	319	414	435	435	409	378	2.5	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.2	2.9
Durable goods(3)	186	207	248	262	247	231	2.4	2.6	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods(3)	133	207	187	173	162	147	2.8	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,017	1,074	1,116	1,147	967	1,028	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.4	3.6
Wholesale trade(3)	203	230	207	219	135	167	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.6	2.2	2.7
Retail trade	636	618	643	691	623	711	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.2	3.8	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	178	226	266	238	210	150	3.1	3.9	4.5	4.0	3.6	2.6
Information(3)	73	93	122	113	74	78	2.6	3.3	4.3	4.0	2.6	2.8
Financial activities	324	362	341	384	380	380	3.7	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.3
Finance and insurance	263	279	267	307	264	303	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.7	4.0	4.6
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	61	83	74	77	116	77	2.7	3.6	3.3	3.4	5.0	3.4
Professional and business services	1,047	1,088	1,037	1,171	1,110	1,082	4.9	5.0	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.9
Education and health services	1,135	1,164	1,191	1,133	1,102	1,095	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.5
Educational services(3)	86	144	104	96	94	94	2.3	3.8	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5
Health care and social assistance	1,048	1,020	1,087	1,037	1,009	1,000	5.2	5.0	5.3	5.0	4.9	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	756	839	859	770	848	854	4.6	5.0	5.1	4.6	5.0	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	84	80	88	79	67	4.1	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.3	2.9
Accommodation and food services	660	755	778	682	769	787	4.7	5.2	5.4	4.8	5.3	5.4
Other services(3)	192	330	228	297	296	232	3.2	5.4	3.8	4.9	4.9	3.9
Government	575	515	506	527	517	519	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3
Federal(3)	82	83	66	75	73	66	2.8	2.9	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.3
State and local	494	432	440	453	444	453	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.3
State and local education	150	155	146	173	166	168	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education(3)	344	277	294	280	278	285	3.6	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	942	1,119	1,102	1,066	1,011	1,030	3.4	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.6
South	2,079	2,243	2,125	2,174	2,072	2,105	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8
Midwest	1,263	1,378	1,520	1,595	1,507	1,452	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.2
West	1,347	1,400	1,343	1,342	1,335	1,292	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	5,263	5,521	5,420	5,320	5,592	5,488	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,912	5,175	5,079	4,976	5,257	5,110	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	30	35	36	28	35	35	4.5	5.0	5.0	3.9	4.8	4.8
Construction	337	354	370	389	384	347	5.0	5.1	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.0
Manufacturing	284	353	359	329	344	355	2.3	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.8
Durable goods	169	205	211	189	198	209	2.2	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.7
Nondurable goods	115	148	148	140	146	146	2.5	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,016	1,023	1,029	1,035	1,044	1,047	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
Wholesale trade	135	145	149	139	155	144	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.4
Retail trade	666	687	684	689	688	677	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	215	192	196	208	200	226	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	4.0
Information	71	77	79	78	74	74	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7
Financial activities	175	206	213	189	213	192	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	114	137	135	121	136	120	1.8	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.2	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	69	78	68	77	72	2.8	3.1	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.2
Professional and business services	1,082	1,200	1,123	1,150	1,181	1,145	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.5	5.7	5.5
Education and health services	652	669	662	627	677	697	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9	3.0
Educational services	81	88	98	87	84	98	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.7
Health care and social assistance	571	581	564	541	593	599	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,056	1,021	989	961	1,060	1,019	6.7	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.6	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	151	171	160	146	162	157	6.7	7.5	7.0	6.4	7.1	6.9
Accommodation and food services	904	850	830	815	899	862	6.7	6.2	6.0	6.0	6.5	6.3
Other services	210	235	219	188	246	199	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.2	4.2	3.4
Government	351	346	340	344	336	379	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.7
Federal	40	38	36	38	43	39	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4
State and local	311	308	305	306	292	340	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.7
State and local education	142	149	144	138	158	176	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.7
State and local, excluding education	169	159	160	169	135	164	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	835	894	801	821	952	827	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.5	3.0
South	2,021	2,105	2,167	2,121	2,217	2,257	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2
Midwest	1,192	1,305	1,207	1,181	1,201	1,169	3.7	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6
West	1,214	1,216	1,245	1,197	1,222	1,235	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	5,075	5,362	5,273	5,244	5,251	5,202	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,720	5,012	4,932	4,910	4,910	4,845	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9
Mining and logging	25	29	27	23	32	28	3.7	4.0	3.7	3.1	4.4	3.8
Construction	323	367	337	378	361	340	4.8	5.3	4.9	5.5	5.2	4.9
Manufacturing	286	320	301	315	309	327	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6
Durable goods	165	181	172	179	176	184	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	121	139	128	136	133	143	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.8	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,018	1,015	1,020	977	994	1,020	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
Wholesale trade	129	150	157	122	133	123	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	698	682	676	668	677	688	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	191	184	187	187	183	208	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.7
Information	73	87	83	96	72	70	2.6	3.2	3.0	3.5	2.7	2.6
Financial activities	160	200	212	180	204	167	1.9	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.4	2.0
Finance and insurance	120	125	131	116	136	126	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	75	81	64	68	41	1.9	3.4	3.7	2.9	3.1	1.9
Professional and business services	1,069	1,127	1,059	1,119	1,143	1,135	5.2	5.4	5.1	5.4	5.5	5.4
Education and health services	610	616	633	600	642	620	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7
Educational services	72	79	77	74	89	77	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.4	2.1
Health care and social assistance	539	537	556	525	553	544	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	986	991	998	1,020	933	988	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.4	5.8	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	188	164	159	141	168	6.4	8.3	7.2	7.0	6.2	7.4
Accommodation and food services	842	803	834	861	792	820	6.2	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.8	6.0
Other services	170	260	263	202	219	150	3.0	4.5	4.6	3.5	3.8	2.6
Government	355	351	341	334	341	357	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal	43	41	37	37	41	36	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local	313	310	304	297	301	320	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
State and local education	155	156	141	129	157	156	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	158	154	162	168	144	165	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	848	886	872	900	815	842	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.1
South	1,947	2,173	2,007	2,009	2,160	2,167	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0
Midwest	1,113	1,195	1,180	1,168	1,134	1,064	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.2
West	1,166	1,108	1,213	1,167	1,142	1,129	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	3,080	3,194	3,093	3,180	3,187	3,174	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,909	3,023	2,929	3,014	3,020	2,983	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Mining and logging	13	18	11	15	20	14	2.0	2.5	1.5	2.1	2.8	2.0
Construction	150	141	140	154	164	153	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.2
Manufacturing	164	191	185	189	192	199	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Durable goods	93	109	98	107	109	112	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	71	82	86	81	83	86	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	655	662	639	619	655	656	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
Wholesale trade	87	91	85	82	93	87	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.5
Retail trade	460	456	456	435	455	437	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	108	115	98	101	107	132	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.3
Information	35	58	46	55	46	41	1.3	2.1	1.7	2.0	1.7	1.5
Financial activities	85	116	118	112	121	108	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3
Finance and insurance	66	75	73	78	78	86	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	19	41	45	34	43	22	0.9	1.9	2.0	1.5	1.9	1.0
Professional and business services	635	615	590	663	657	698	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.3
Education and health services	395	391	395	403	437	412	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.8
Educational services	44	42	47	43	44	45	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
Health care and social assistance	351	349	349	360	393	367	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	693	666	639	675	619	643	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	66	60	48	61	71	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.1	2.7	3.1
Accommodation and food services	616	601	579	627	557	572	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.1	4.2
Other services(3)	83	165	166	131	109	60	1.5	2.9	2.9	2.3	1.9	1.0
Government	171	171	164	166	167	192	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9
Federal	17	14	15	15	15	16	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
State and local	154	157	149	151	152	175	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
State and local education	80	81	75	69	81	89	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.9
State and local, excluding education	73	75	73	82	71	86	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	475	445	447	434	431	444	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
South	1,207	1,372	1,205	1,273	1,395	1,327	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.5
Midwest	695	700	688	755	660	681	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.1
West	703	677	752	718	700	722	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	1,660	1,789	1,781	1,746	1,693	1,686	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,539	1,667	1,667	1,643	1,581	1,581	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging(3)	8	8	13	6	11	12	1.2	1.2	1.9	0.9	1.5	1.6
Construction	153	215	187	217	177	179	2.3	3.1	2.7	3.1	2.5	2.6
Manufacturing	99	109	96	101	94	107	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	57	60	63	57	54	57	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	42	50	33	44	40	50	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	293	275	320	280	268	281	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0
Wholesale trade(3)	32	48	64	36	36	29	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.6	0.6	0.5
Retail trade	188	171	178	171	171	184	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	73	56	78	72	61	68	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.2
Information	27	22	30	29	23	23	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.1	0.8	0.9
Financial activities	53	62	60	44	62	46	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.5
Finance and insurance	32	31	28	19	38	28	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	31	31	26	24	18	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.1	0.8
Professional and business services	384	436	395	432	402	369	1.9	2.1	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.8
Education and health services	183	170	179	150	161	163	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.7
Educational services	26	29	23	30	39	30	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.8
Health care and social assistance	157	141	156	121	122	133	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	259	289	314	317	277	318	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.7	2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	66	119	99	108	78	91	2.9	5.2	4.4	4.8	3.4	4.0
Accommodation and food services	194	170	215	209	198	228	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.7
Other services	79	81	74	66	106	83	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.8	1.4
Government	121	122	114	103	112	105	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Federal	13	17	13	11	13	13	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	108	105	101	92	100	92	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local education	50	51	41	34	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4
State and local, excluding education	57	54	60	58	50	48	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	307	360	360	412	316	339	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.2
South	608	676	654	632	617	702	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3
Midwest	355	421	409	335	401	310	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.9
West	390	333	358	367	360	334	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	July 2017	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	334	379	398	318	372	341	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	272	321	335	252	310	281	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	4	2	2	2	1	2	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Construction(3)	19	11	10	6	20	9	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Manufacturing	23	20	20	26	23	21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	16	12	11	15	13	14	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	8	8	9	11	10	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	69	78	60	78	71	83	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	9	10	8	3	4	7	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	49	55	41	61	51	67	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	10	13	11	13	15	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Information(3)	11	7	7	12	4	6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	23	23	35	24	21	13	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	22	19	30	19	19	12	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	1	3	5	5	1	1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0
Professional and business services	50	75	74	25	84	68	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	32	55	59	46	44	46	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	2	9	8	2	5	2	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance(3)	30	47	51	44	38	44	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	34	36	45	29	38	27	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	2	4	4	3	2	6	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Accommodation and food services(3)	33	33	41	26	36	21	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other services(3)	7	13	23	5	4	8	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Government	63	58	63	66	62	60	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	9	10	11	13	7	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local	51	49	53	55	49	53	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	24	24	24	27	26	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	24	29	28	23	31	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	66	81	66	54	68	59	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	132	126	148	104	148	137	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Midwest	63	74	83	78	73	73	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	73	98	102	82	83	72	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	5,379	6,177	5,661	3.5	4.0	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,815	5,668	5,154	3.7	4.3	3.9
Mining and logging	16	27	22	2.3	3.6	2.9
Construction	178	195	210	2.5	2.7	2.9
Manufacturing	319	409	378	2.5	3.2	2.9
Durable goods	186	247	231	2.4	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	133	162	147	2.8	3.3	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	956	1,051	998	3.3	3.7	3.4
Wholesale trade	203	135	167	3.3	2.2	2.7
Retail trade	575	706	681	3.4	4.3	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	178	210	150	3.0	3.5	2.5
Information	73	74	78	2.6	2.6	2.8
Financial activities	307	391	368	3.6	4.4	4.2
Finance and insurance	246	274	291	3.8	4.2	4.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	116	77	2.7	5.0	3.4
Professional and business services	1,004	1,191	1,041	4.7	5.3	4.7
Education and health services	1,093	1,168	1,046	4.5	4.7	4.3
Educational services	86	94	94	2.2	2.4	2.4
Health care and social assistance	1,007	1,074	952	5.0	5.2	4.6
Leisure and hospitality	677	867	779	4.2	5.2	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	82	56	3.8	3.5	2.6
Accommodation and food services	595	785	723	4.3	5.4	5.0
Other services	192	296	232	3.2	4.9	3.9
Government	564	509	507	2.4	2.2	2.2
Federal	82	73	66	2.8	2.5	2.3
State and local	482	436	441	2.4	2.1	2.2
State and local education	139	158	156	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local, excluding education	344	278	285	3.6	3.0	3.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	916	1,056	998	3.3	3.7	3.5
South	1,933	2,126	1,991	3.5	3.8	3.5
Midwest	1,248	1,561	1,440	3.7	4.5	4.2
West	1,282	1,434	1,232	3.7	4.1	3.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	4,880	5,970	5,069	3.3	4.0	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,605	5,651	4,769	3.7	4.5	3.8
Mining and logging	27	37	31	4.0	5.0	4.3
Construction	253	392	256	3.7	5.5	3.6
Manufacturing	235	350	293	1.9	2.8	2.3
Durable goods	141	191	177	1.8	2.5	2.3
Nondurable goods	94	159	116	2.0	3.4	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,304	1,291	1,329	4.7	4.7	4.7
Wholesale trade	99	164	106	1.7	2.7	1.8
Retail trade	896	898	887	5.5	5.7	5.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	309	229	337	5.4	4.0	5.8
Information	68	79	70	2.4	2.9	2.6
Financial activities	149	234	161	1.8	2.8	1.9
Finance and insurance	98	148	102	1.6	2.4	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	51	86	59	2.4	3.9	2.7
Professional and business services	985	1,253	1,039	4.8	5.9	4.9
Education and health services	528	746	570	2.3	3.2	2.4
Educational services	50	80	62	1.3	2.1	1.6
Health care and social assistance	477	666	508	2.5	3.4	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	886	1,031	869	5.7	6.5	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	107	139	112	5.1	6.2	5.3
Accommodation and food services	779	891	757	5.8	6.5	5.6
Other services	169	240	150	3.0	4.1	2.6
Government	275	319	301	1.2	1.4	1.3
Federal	49	45	50	1.8	1.6	1.8
State and local	226	274	250	1.1	1.4	1.3
State and local education	94	157	119	0.9	1.5	1.1
State and local, excluding education	132	117	132	1.5	1.3	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	781	1,005	751	2.9	3.7	2.7
South	1,846	2,378	2,071	3.5	4.4	3.8
Midwest	1,109	1,245	1,076	3.4	3.8	3.3
West	1,143	1,342	1,172	3.4	4.0	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	4,413	5,422	4,556	3.0	3.7	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,167	5,133	4,302	3.4	4.1	3.4
Mining and logging	22	34	25	3.2	4.7	3.4
Construction	312	401	325	4.5	5.6	4.6
Manufacturing	248	323	283	2.0	2.6	2.3
Durable goods	138	178	153	1.8	2.3	2.0
Nondurable goods	109	146	130	2.4	3.1	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	891	987	902	3.2	3.6	3.2
Wholesale trade	108	150	106	1.8	2.5	1.8
Retail trade	609	658	605	3.7	4.2	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	179	191	3.1	3.1	3.3
Information	66	73	60	2.4	2.7	2.2
Financial activities	137	210	140	1.6	2.5	1.7
Finance and insurance	96	138	101	1.6	2.2	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	72	39	1.9	3.2	1.8
Professional and business services	949	1,186	1,007	4.6	5.6	4.8
Education and health services	482	625	493	2.1	2.7	2.1
Educational services	40	62	42	1.1	1.6	1.1
Health care and social assistance	442	563	452	2.3	2.9	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	895	1,073	921	5.8	6.7	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	139	196	173	6.6	8.8	8.2
Accommodation and food services	756	877	747	5.7	6.4	5.5
Other services	165	221	145	2.9	3.8	2.5
Government	247	290	255	1.1	1.3	1.1
Federal	39	44	35	1.4	1.6	1.3
State and local	208	246	219	1.0	1.2	1.1
State and local education	75	97	80	0.7	0.9	0.7
State and local, excluding education	133	149	140	1.5	1.6	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	734	811	739	2.7	3.0	2.7
South	1,626	2,237	1,841	3.0	4.1	3.4
Midwest	1,018	1,188	972	3.1	3.6	2.9
West	1,034	1,187	1,004	3.1	3.5	3.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	2,574	3,334	2,675	1.8	2.3	1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,458	3,190	2,539	2.0	2.5	2.0
Mining and logging	11	23	12	1.7	3.1	1.6
Construction	116	183	119	1.7	2.6	1.7
Manufacturing	125	202	151	1.0	1.6	1.2
Durable goods	70	113	85	0.9	1.5	1.1
Nondurable goods	55	89	66	1.2	1.9	1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	565	699	569	2.0	2.5	2.0
Wholesale trade	69	108	71	1.2	1.8	1.2
Retail trade	394	474	373	2.4	3.0	2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	103	116	125	1.8	2.0	2.2
Information	28	49	32	1.0	1.8	1.2
Financial activities	67	126	88	0.8	1.5	1.0
Finance and insurance	48	83	66	0.8	1.3	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	43	22	0.9	1.9	1.0
Professional and business services	554	708	626	2.7	3.4	3.0
Education and health services	308	439	324	1.3	1.9	1.4
Educational services	27	34	28	0.7	0.9	0.7
Health care and social assistance	281	404	296	1.5	2.1	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	601	651	558	3.9	4.1	3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	55	63	52	2.6	2.8	2.4
Accommodation and food services	546	589	506	4.1	4.3	3.7
Other services	83	109	60	1.5	1.9	1.0
Government	116	144	135	0.5	0.6	0.6
Federal	14	15	14	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	101	129	122	0.5	0.6	0.6
State and local education	46	58	54	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	55	71	68	0.6	0.8	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	392	442	372	1.4	1.6	1.4
South	998	1,444	1,097	1.9	2.7	2.0
Midwest	599	707	595	1.8	2.1	1.8
West	586	742	610	1.8	2.2	1.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	1,550	1,739	1,585	1.1	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,460	1,640	1,506	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mining and logging	8	11	12	1.2	1.5	1.6
Construction	177	198	197	2.6	2.8	2.8
Manufacturing	105	98	115	0.9	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	59	52	58	0.8	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	46	47	57	1.0	1.0	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	269	227	263	1.0	0.8	0.9
Wholesale trade	32	36	29	0.5	0.6	0.5
Retail trade	176	144	176	1.1	0.9	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	60	47	58	1.1	0.8	1.0
Information	27	20	23	1.0	0.7	0.8
Financial activities	48	64	40	0.6	0.8	0.5
Finance and insurance	27	37	24	0.4	0.6	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	27	17	1.0	1.2	0.7
Professional and business services	349	388	320	1.7	1.8	1.5
Education and health services	142	142	123	0.6	0.6	0.5
Educational services	11	22	12	0.3	0.6	0.3
Health care and social assistance	131	120	111	0.7	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	261	383	336	1.7	2.4	2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	83	131	116	3.9	5.9	5.5
Accommodation and food services	178	252	220	1.3	1.8	1.6
Other services	75	108	77	1.3	1.9	1.3
Government	89	99	79	0.4	0.4	0.3
Federal	14	14	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	75	84	64	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local education	18	26	17	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	57	58	48	0.6	0.6	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	292	302	324	1.1	1.1	1.2
South	510	643	613	1.0	1.2	1.1
Midwest	367	421	316	1.1	1.3	1.0
West	381	373	331	1.1	1.1	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)	Nov. 2016	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017(p)
Total	290	349	296	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	249	302	257	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	1	2	0.4	0.1	0.2
Construction	19	20	9	0.3	0.3	0.1
Manufacturing	18	22	17	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	10	13	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	8	10	7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	57	61	71	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	7	5	6	0.1	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	39	40	57	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	10	15	8	0.2	0.3	0.1
Information	11	4	6	0.4	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	22	19	12	0.3	0.2	0.1
Finance and insurance	21	17	11	0.3	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	1	1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Professional and business services	46	90	61	0.2	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	32	44	46	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	2	5	2	0.0	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	30	38	44	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	34	38	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	6	0.1	0.1	0.3
Accommodation and food services	33	36	21	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other services	7	4	8	0.1	0.1	0.1
Government	41	47	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	14	6	0.4	0.5	0.2
State and local	31	33	33	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	11	13	9	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	21	20	24	0.2	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	51	67	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	119	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	52	60	61	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	68	73	63	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.