Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-20-1838
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 2, 2020

Technical information:
 Household data:	cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


			THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, and the unemployment
rate declined to 7.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
These improvements in the labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic
activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and 
efforts to contain it. In September, notable job gains occurred in leisure and 
hospitality, in retail trade, in health care and social assistance, and in 
professional and business services. Employment in government declined over the month,
mainly in state and local government education.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these 
two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In September, the unemployment rate declined by 0.5 percentage point to 7.9 percent,
and the number of unemployed persons fell by 1.0 million to 12.6 million. Both 
measures have declined for 5 consecutive months but are higher than in February, by
4.4 percentage points and 6.8 million, respectively. (See table A-1. For more 
information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the 
coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in September for adult
men (7.4 percent), adult women (7.7 percent), Whites (7.0 percent), and Asians 
(8.9 percent). The jobless rates for teenagers (15.9 percent), Blacks (12.1 percent),
and Hispanics (10.3 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1,
A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 1.5 
million in September to 4.6 million. This measure is down considerably from the high
of 18.1 million in April but is 3.8 million higher than in February. In September, 
the number of permanent job losers increased by 345,000 to 3.8 million; this measure
has risen by 2.5 million since February. The number of unemployed job leavers rose by
212,000 to 801,000 in September. (Job leavers are persons who quit or voluntarily 
left their previous job and immediately began looking for new employment.) (See table
A-11.)

In September, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks
increased by 271,000 to 2.6 million. The number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks 
decreased by 402,000 to 2.7 million, and the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks
fell by 1.6 million to 4.9 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless
for 27 weeks or more) increased by 781,000 to 2.4 million. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.4 percent
in September and is 2.0 percentage points lower than in February. The employment-
population ratio, at 56.6 percent, changed little over the month but is 4.5 percentage
points lower than in February. (See table A-1.)

In September, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes
referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 1.3 million to 6.3 million,
reflecting a decrease in the number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work
or business conditions. The number of involuntary part-time workers is 2.0 million
higher than in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time 
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were
unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.2 million,
changed little in September; this measure is 2.3 million higher than in February. 
These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively 
looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See 
table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons 
marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, changed little in September. 
These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and 
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 581,000 in 
September, also little changed from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In September, 22.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus
pandemic, down from 24.3 percent in August. These data refer to employed persons who 
teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically 
because of the pandemic. 

In September, 19.4 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because 
their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work
at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. 
This measure is down from 24.2 million in August. Among those who reported in 
September that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost 
business, 10.3 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not
worked. 

About 4.5 million persons not in the labor force in September were prevented from 
looking for work due to the pandemic. This is down from 5.2 million in August. (To be
counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must either be actively looking for
work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in
May to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not 
seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all 
months are available online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, following larger gains
in the prior 4 months. In September, nonfarm employment was below its February level
by 10.7 million, or 7.0 percent. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality,
in retail trade, in health care and social assistance, and in professional and business
services. Employment declined in government, mainly in state and local government 
education. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment survey and
its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of 
this news release.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 318,000 in September, with almost 
two-thirds of the gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+200,000). 
Despite job growth totaling 3.8 million over the last 5 months, employment in food 
services and drinking places is down by 2.3 million since February. Amusements, 
gambling, and recreation (+69,000) and accommodation (+51,000) also added jobs in 
September.

Retail trade added 142,000 jobs over the month, with gains widespread in the industry.
Clothing and clothing accessories stores (+40,000) accounted for about one-fourth of 
the over-the-month change in retail trade. Notable employment increases also occurred 
in general merchandise stores (+20,000), motor vehicle and parts dealers (+16,000), and
health and personal care stores (+16,000). Employment in retail trade is 483,000 lower
than in February.

Employment in health care and social assistance rose by 108,000 in September but is 
down by 1.0 million since February. Health care added 53,000 jobs in September, with 
continued growth in offices of physicians (+18,000), home health care services 
(+16,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+14,000). Social assistance added
55,000 jobs, mostly in individual and family services (+32,000) and in child day care 
services (+18,000).

Professional and business services added 89,000 jobs in September. Employment increased
in services to buildings and dwellings (+22,000), architectural and engineering 
services (+13,000), and computer systems design and related services (+12,000). Despite
gains of 910,000 since April, employment in professional and business services is 1.4
million lower than in February. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 74,000 in September. Within the
industry, job gains continued in warehousing and storage (+32,000), transit and ground
passenger transportation (+21,000), and couriers and messengers (+10,000). Although the
industry has added 291,000 jobs since May, employment in transportation and warehousing
is 304,000 lower than in February. 

Manufacturing added 66,000 jobs over the month. Durable goods accounted for about two-
thirds of the gain, led by motor vehicles and parts (+14,000) and machinery (+14,000).
Despite gains over the past 5 months, employment in manufacturing is 647,000 below 
February's level. 

Financial activities added 37,000 jobs in September. Job growth occurred in real estate
and rental and leasing (+20,000) and in finance and insurance (+16,000). Employment in
financial activities is 162,000 below the level in February.

In September, the other services industry added 36,000 jobs, largely in membership
associations and organizations (+31,000). Employment in other services is 495,000 
lower than in February.

Employment in information grew by 27,000 in September but is down by 276,000 since
February. Motion picture and sound recording industries accounted for most of the 
September gain (+23,000). 

Construction employment increased by 26,000 in September, with growth in residential
specialty trade contractors (+16,000) and construction of buildings (+12,000). 
Construction employment is below its February level by 394,000.

In September, wholesale trade added 19,000 jobs, with gains in both the durable and
nondurable goods components (+13,000 and +8,000, respectively). Employment in 
wholesale trade is 312,000 lower than in February. 

Government employment declined by 216,000 in September. Employment in local 
government education and state government education fell by 231,000 and 49,000, 
respectively. A decrease of 34,000 in federal government was driven by a decline in
the number of temporary Census 2020 workers. Partially offsetting these declines, 
employment in local government, excluding education, rose by 96,000.

Employment in private education decreased by 69,000 in September, after a gain of 
similar magnitude in August. Employment in the industry is down by 355,000 since 
February. 

Employment changed little in mining in September (+1,000). Employment in the 
industry is down by 133,000 since a recent peak in January 2019; about three-fourths
of this decline has occurred since February of this year. 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls,
at $29.47, changed little (+2 cents). Average hourly earnings of private-sector 
production and nonsupervisory employees were also little changed in September 
(+1 cent) at $24.79. The large employment fluctuations over the past several months--
especially in industries with lower-paid workers--complicate the analysis of recent
trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)  

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour
to 34.7 hours in September. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 40.2
hours, and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour
to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 27,000,
from +1,734,000 to +1,761,000, and the change for August was revised up by 118,000,
from +1,371,000 to +1,489,000. With these revisions, employment in July and August 
combined was 145,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 6,
2020, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|                    Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on September 2020                    |
|			 Establishment and Household Survey Data    			|
|											|
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. |
| In the establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are 	|
| assigned to four regional data collection centers for collection. Although these 	|
| centers were closed, interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect data by |
| telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report electronically. The 	|
| collection rate for the establishment survey was 70 percent in September, 5 		|
| percentage points lower than the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020.	|
| The household survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone 		|
| interviews. However, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person 	|
| interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could not be done. The 	|
| household survey response rate was 79 percent in September, considerably higher than	|
| the low of 65 percent in June but below the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 	|
| months ending in February 2020.							|
|											|
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any 	|
| part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even  |
| if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently 	|
| absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if 	|
| they are continuing to receive benefits.						|
|											|
| In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not 	|
| in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions about their 	|
| activities during the survey reference week (September 6th through September 12th). 	|
| Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey reference week 	|
| and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on 	|
| temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as 	|
| unemployed on temporary layoff in September.						|
|											|
| Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed 	|
| persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or 	|
| cutbacks as unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the 	|
| underlying data suggest there still may be some workers affected by the pandemic who 	|
| should have been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. However, the share of  |
| responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in July, August, and 	|
| September than in prior months.							|
|											|
| For March through August, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate 	|
| would have been had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach,|
| the overall September unemployment rate would have been 0.4 percentage point higher 	|
| than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of 		|
| misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error.	|
|											|
| According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as 	|
| recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify 	|
| survey responses.									|
|											|
| More information is available at 							|
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-september-2020.htm.		|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Change from: Aug. 2020- Sept. 2020
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,638	260,373	260,558	260,742	184
Civilian labor force	164,051	159,870	160,838	160,143	-695
Participation rate	63.2	61.4	61.7	61.4	-0.3
Employed	158,298	143,532	147,288	147,563	275
Employment-population ratio	61.0	55.1	56.5	56.6	0.1
Unemployed	5,753	16,338	13,550	12,580	-970
Unemployment rate	3.5	10.2	8.4	7.9	-0.5
Not in labor force	95,587	100,503	99,720	100,599	879
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.5	10.2	8.4	7.9	-0.5
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.2	9.4	8.0	7.4	-0.6
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.1	10.5	8.4	7.7	-0.7
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.5	19.3	16.1	15.9	-0.2
White	3.2	9.2	7.3	7.0	-0.3
Black or African American	5.5	14.6	13.0	12.1	-0.9
Asian	2.5	12.0	10.7	8.9	-1.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	3.9	12.9	10.5	10.3	-0.2
Total, 25 years and over	2.9	9.1	7.6	7.1	-0.5
Less than a high school diploma	4.8	15.4	12.6	10.6	-2.0
High school graduates, no college	3.6	10.8	9.8	9.0	-0.8
Some college or associate degree	2.9	10.0	8.0	8.1	0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	6.7	5.3	4.8	-0.5
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,575	12,924	10,307	9,135	-1,172
Job leavers	840	571	589	801	212
Reentrants	1,669	2,358	2,095	2,146	51
New entrants	673	513	554	537	-17
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	1,869	3,202	2,281	2,552	271
5 to 14 weeks	1,778	5,169	3,134	2,732	-402
15 to 26 weeks	806	6,484	6,517	4,918	-1,599
27 weeks and over	1,318	1,501	1,624	2,405	781
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,336	8,443	7,572	6,300	-1,272
Slack work or business conditions	2,600	7,281	6,214	4,936	-1,278
Could only find part-time work	1,310	1,048	1,139	1,122	-17
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,559	17,792	18,630	18,918	288
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,293	1,979	2,080	1,922	-158
Discouraged workers	341	665	535	581	46
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	208	1,761	1,489	661
Total private	195	1,526	1,022	877
Goods-producing	19	66	45	93
Mining and logging	0	-6	-8	1
Construction	16	31	17	26
Manufacturing	3	41	36	66
Durable goods(1)	0	27	7	46
Motor vehicles and parts	-0.5	43.7	-4.3	14.3
Nondurable goods	3	14	29	20
Private service-providing	176	1,460	977	784
Wholesale trade	6.4	-19.4	10.9	18.7
Retail trade	9.0	253.9	261.2	142.4
Transportation and warehousing	10.5	48.0	81.7	73.6
Utilities	-1.4	1.0	0.2	2.8
Information	5	-11	26	27
Financial activities	3	15	26	37
Professional and business services(1)	25	162	188	89
Temporary help services	7.4	125.7	101.5	8.1
Education and health services(1)	61	219	170	40
Health care and social assistance	48.7	193.9	100.0	107.7
Leisure and hospitality	61	633	143	318
Other services	-3	158	70	36
Government	13	235	467	-216
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	203	3,089	2,677	1,304
Total private	171	3,164	2,426	1,142
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	50.0	49.7	49.8	49.7
Total private women employees	48.6	48.2	48.3	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	81.2	81.3	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.6	34.6	34.7
Average hourly earnings	$28.16	$29.35	$29.45	$29.47
Average weekly earnings	$968.70	$1,015.51	$1,018.97	$1,022.61
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	111.2	102.5	103.4	104.5
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	1.3	0.9	1.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	149.7	143.8	145.6	147.2
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	1.4	1.3	1.1
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	58.1	60.5	70.5	70.3
Manufacturing (76 industries)	44.7	52.0	63.2	63.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,638	260,558	260,742	259,638	260,047	260,204	260,373	260,558	260,742
Civilian labor force	163,943	160,966	160,073	164,051	158,227	159,932	159,870	160,838	160,143
Participation rate	63.1	61.8	61.4	63.2	60.8	61.5	61.4	61.7	61.4
Employed	158,478	147,224	147,796	158,298	137,242	142,182	143,532	147,288	147,563
Employment-population ratio	61.0	56.5	56.7	61.0	52.8	54.6	55.1	56.5	56.6
Unemployed	5,465	13,742	12,277	5,753	20,985	17,750	16,338	13,550	12,580
Unemployment rate	3.3	8.5	7.7	3.5	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4	7.9
Not in labor force	95,694	99,592	100,670	95,587	101,820	100,273	100,503	99,720	100,599
Persons who currently want a job	4,637	7,184	6,984	4,861	8,962	8,195	7,732	6,985	7,227
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,583	126,036	126,127	125,583	125,782	125,860	125,944	126,036	126,127
Civilian labor force	86,729	85,600	85,068	86,855	83,900	84,596	84,533	85,315	85,237
Participation rate	69.1	67.9	67.4	69.2	66.7	67.2	67.1	67.7	67.6
Employed	83,862	78,711	78,817	83,747	73,702	75,629	76,212	78,255	78,674
Employment-population ratio	66.8	62.5	62.5	66.7	58.6	60.1	60.5	62.1	62.4
Unemployed	2,867	6,889	6,251	3,109	10,199	8,967	8,321	7,061	6,563
Unemployment rate	3.3	8.0	7.3	3.6	12.2	10.6	9.8	8.3	7.7
Not in labor force	38,855	40,436	41,059	38,728	41,881	41,264	41,411	40,720	40,890
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	117,140	117,672	117,763	117,140	117,410	117,492	117,580	117,672	117,763
Civilian labor force	83,837	82,554	82,248	83,841	81,057	81,995	81,904	82,512	82,296
Participation rate	71.6	70.2	69.8	71.6	69.0	69.8	69.7	70.1	69.9
Employed	81,348	76,178	76,468	81,146	71,672	73,641	74,184	75,945	76,231
Employment-population ratio	69.4	64.7	64.9	69.3	61.0	62.7	63.1	64.5	64.7
Unemployed	2,488	6,376	5,781	2,695	9,385	8,354	7,720	6,567	6,065
Unemployment rate	3.0	7.7	7.0	3.2	11.6	10.2	9.4	8.0	7.4
Not in labor force	33,304	35,118	35,515	33,300	36,352	35,497	35,676	35,160	35,467
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	134,054	134,523	134,615	134,054	134,265	134,344	134,429	134,523	134,615
Civilian labor force	77,214	75,366	75,005	77,195	74,327	75,336	75,337	75,523	74,906
Participation rate	57.6	56.0	55.7	57.6	55.4	56.1	56.0	56.1	55.6
Employed	74,616	68,513	68,979	74,551	63,540	66,552	67,320	69,033	68,890
Employment-population ratio	55.7	50.9	51.2	55.6	47.3	49.5	50.1	51.3	51.2
Unemployed	2,598	6,853	6,026	2,644	10,787	8,783	8,017	6,489	6,016
Unemployment rate	3.4	9.1	8.0	3.4	14.5	11.7	10.6	8.6	8.0
Not in labor force	56,840	59,156	59,610	56,859	59,938	59,009	59,092	59,000	59,709
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,806	126,336	126,429	125,806	126,072	126,155	126,243	126,336	126,429
Civilian labor force	74,501	72,415	72,129	74,313	71,558	72,580	72,720	72,715	71,850
Participation rate	59.2	57.3	57.1	59.1	56.8	57.5	57.6	57.6	56.8
Employed	72,204	65,997	66,547	71,990	61,638	64,426	65,113	66,637	66,289
Employment-population ratio	57.4	52.2	52.6	57.2	48.9	51.1	51.6	52.7	52.4
Unemployed	2,297	6,418	5,582	2,323	9,920	8,154	7,607	6,078	5,561
Unemployment rate	3.1	8.9	7.7	3.1	13.9	11.2	10.5	8.4	7.7
Not in labor force	51,304	53,921	54,299	51,493	54,514	53,575	53,523	53,622	54,578
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,691	16,550	16,551	16,691	16,566	16,557	16,550	16,550	16,551
Civilian labor force	5,605	5,998	5,695	5,897	5,612	5,356	5,245	5,611	5,997
Participation rate	33.6	36.2	34.4	35.3	33.9	32.3	31.7	33.9	36.2
Employed	4,926	5,049	4,781	5,162	3,932	4,114	4,235	4,706	5,043
Employment-population ratio	29.5	30.5	28.9	30.9	23.7	24.8	25.6	28.4	30.5
Unemployed	680	949	914	735	1,681	1,242	1,011	905	954
Unemployment rate	12.1	15.8	16.0	12.5	29.9	23.2	19.3	16.1	15.9
Not in labor force	11,086	10,552	10,856	10,794	10,953	11,201	11,304	10,939	10,554
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,062	201,417	201,515	201,062	201,154	201,233	201,319	201,417	201,515
Civilian labor force	126,928	124,491	124,095	127,018	122,661	124,009	123,618	124,471	124,213
Participation rate	63.1	61.8	61.6	63.2	61.0	61.6	61.4	61.8	61.6
Employed	123,055	115,205	115,603	122,955	107,499	111,538	112,226	115,354	115,496
Employment-population ratio	61.2	57.2	57.4	61.2	53.4	55.4	55.7	57.3	57.3
Unemployed	3,873	9,286	8,492	4,063	15,162	12,470	11,392	9,118	8,717
Unemployment rate	3.1	7.5	6.8	3.2	12.4	10.1	9.2	7.3	7.0
Not in labor force	74,133	76,927	77,420	74,044	78,493	77,224	77,701	76,946	77,302
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,100	64,909	64,919	66,109	64,125	64,688	64,420	64,911	64,976
Participation rate	71.8	70.3	70.3	71.8	69.5	70.1	69.8	70.3	70.3
Employed	64,380	60,577	60,904	64,224	57,263	58,898	59,054	60,425	60,738
Employment-population ratio	69.9	65.6	65.9	69.7	62.1	63.8	64.0	65.4	65.7
Unemployed	1,720	4,331	4,014	1,886	6,862	5,790	5,367	4,485	4,238
Unemployment rate	2.6	6.7	6.2	2.9	10.7	9.0	8.3	6.9	6.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,449	54,837	54,696	56,348	54,294	55,147	55,124	55,124	54,568
Participation rate	58.4	56.6	56.4	58.3	56.1	56.9	56.9	56.9	56.3
Employed	54,807	50,557	50,917	54,709	47,195	49,440	49,822	51,124	50,794
Employment-population ratio	56.7	52.2	52.5	56.6	48.8	51.1	51.4	52.7	52.4
Unemployed	1,643	4,279	3,779	1,639	7,099	5,707	5,302	4,000	3,774
Unemployment rate	2.9	7.8	6.9	2.9	13.1	10.3	9.6	7.3	6.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,379	4,746	4,481	4,561	4,242	4,174	4,074	4,437	4,669
Participation rate	35.8	39.1	36.9	37.3	34.9	34.4	33.6	36.6	38.5
Employed	3,868	4,070	3,782	4,022	3,041	3,201	3,350	3,805	3,965
Employment-population ratio	31.6	33.5	31.2	32.9	25.0	26.4	27.6	31.4	32.7
Unemployed	511	676	699	539	1,202	973	724	632	704
Unemployment rate	11.7	14.2	15.6	11.8	28.3	23.3	17.8	14.2	15.1
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,116	33,386	33,420	33,116	33,294	33,323	33,353	33,386	33,420
Civilian labor force	20,656	20,199	19,907	20,685	19,858	20,010	20,094	20,150	19,956
Participation rate	62.4	60.5	59.6	62.5	59.6	60.0	60.2	60.4	59.7
Employed	19,611	17,551	17,609	19,550	16,523	16,927	17,161	17,528	17,537
Employment-population ratio	59.2	52.6	52.7	59.0	49.6	50.8	51.5	52.5	52.5
Unemployed	1,045	2,648	2,298	1,135	3,334	3,083	2,933	2,621	2,420
Unemployment rate	5.1	13.1	11.5	5.5	16.8	15.4	14.6	13.0	12.1
Not in labor force	12,460	13,187	13,513	12,431	13,436	13,313	13,258	13,237	13,464
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,509	9,331	9,133	9,488	8,970	9,161	9,229	9,277	9,117
Participation rate	68.3	66.3	64.8	68.1	63.9	65.2	65.6	65.9	64.7
Employed	9,032	8,125	8,031	8,976	7,583	7,670	7,827	8,051	7,967
Employment-population ratio	64.9	57.7	57.0	64.5	54.1	54.6	55.7	57.2	56.5
Unemployed	477	1,206	1,102	512	1,388	1,492	1,402	1,225	1,150
Unemployment rate	5.0	12.9	12.1	5.4	15.5	16.3	15.2	13.2	12.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,480	10,141	10,102	10,478	10,097	10,113	10,156	10,174	10,116
Participation rate	62.6	60.0	59.7	62.6	59.9	60.0	60.2	60.2	59.8
Employed	10,024	8,870	9,026	9,987	8,426	8,693	8,785	8,949	8,997
Employment-population ratio	59.9	52.5	53.4	59.7	50.0	51.6	52.0	53.0	53.2
Unemployed	456	1,271	1,076	491	1,671	1,420	1,371	1,224	1,120
Unemployment rate	4.3	12.5	10.7	4.7	16.5	14.0	13.5	12.0	11.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	668	727	672	719	791	735	709	699	723
Participation rate	27.2	30.1	27.9	29.3	32.7	30.4	29.4	29.0	30.0
Employed	556	556	552	588	515	564	549	527	573
Employment-population ratio	22.6	23.0	22.9	23.9	21.3	23.3	22.7	21.9	23.8
Unemployed	112	171	120	132	276	171	160	172	150
Unemployment rate	16.8	23.5	17.8	18.3	34.9	23.2	22.5	24.6	20.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,400	16,597	16,668	16,400	16,385	16,471	16,420	16,597	16,668
Civilian labor force	10,518	10,627	10,507	10,521	9,968	10,108	10,408	10,595	10,501
Participation rate	64.1	64.0	63.0	64.2	60.8	61.4	63.4	63.8	63.0
Employed	10,261	9,491	9,581	10,262	8,475	8,717	9,163	9,462	9,568
Employment-population ratio	62.6	57.2	57.5	62.6	51.7	52.9	55.8	57.0	57.4
Unemployed	257	1,136	926	259	1,493	1,392	1,245	1,133	933
Unemployment rate	2.4	10.7	8.8	2.5	15.0	13.8	12.0	10.7	8.9
Not in labor force	5,881	5,969	6,162	5,879	6,417	6,362	6,012	6,001	6,167
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,722	44,300	44,388	43,722	44,053	44,132	44,212	44,300	44,388
Civilian labor force	29,258	28,901	28,771	29,293	28,218	28,907	28,560	28,925	28,798
Participation rate	66.9	65.2	64.8	67.0	64.1	65.5	64.6	65.3	64.9
Employed	28,210	25,859	25,897	28,156	23,241	24,711	24,885	25,886	25,834
Employment-population ratio	64.5	58.4	58.3	64.4	52.8	56.0	56.3	58.4	58.2
Unemployed	1,048	3,042	2,874	1,137	4,977	4,195	3,675	3,040	2,964
Unemployment rate	3.6	10.5	10.0	3.9	17.6	14.5	12.9	10.5	10.3
Not in labor force	14,464	15,399	15,617	14,430	15,834	15,225	15,652	15,375	15,590
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,783	15,763	15,833	15,793	15,493	15,588	15,488	15,761	15,848
Participation rate	80.0	78.8	79.0	80.0	77.9	78.2	77.6	78.8	79.1
Employed	15,390	14,261	14,529	15,320	13,154	13,590	13,728	14,213	14,463
Employment-population ratio	78.0	71.3	72.5	77.6	66.1	68.2	68.8	71.0	72.1
Unemployed	393	1,502	1,303	473	2,338	1,999	1,761	1,549	1,386
Unemployment rate	2.5	9.5	8.2	3.0	15.1	12.8	11.4	9.8	8.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,210	11,831	11,602	12,192	11,510	11,999	11,881	11,904	11,580
Participation rate	61.1	58.4	57.1	61.0	57.1	59.4	58.7	58.7	57.0
Employed	11,737	10,547	10,326	11,723	9,326	10,158	10,217	10,649	10,307
Employment-population ratio	58.8	52.0	50.8	58.7	46.3	50.3	50.5	52.5	50.7
Unemployed	472	1,284	1,276	468	2,184	1,841	1,664	1,255	1,272
Unemployment rate	3.9	10.9	11.0	3.8	19.0	15.3	14.0	10.5	11.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,265	1,307	1,336	1,308	1,216	1,319	1,191	1,260	1,370
Participation rate	31.6	32.5	33.2	32.7	30.3	32.9	29.7	31.3	34.0
Employed	1,083	1,051	1,042	1,112	761	964	940	1,024	1,063
Employment-population ratio	27.0	26.1	25.9	27.8	19.0	24.0	23.4	25.5	26.4
Unemployed	182	256	295	196	454	355	251	236	306
Unemployment rate	14.4	19.6	22.1	15.0	37.4	26.9	21.0	18.7	22.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,008	8,545	8,946	9,917	8,212	8,342	8,255	8,500	8,835
Participation rate	46.3	45.1	44.2	45.9	41.9	42.9	44.9	44.9	43.7
Employed	9,608	7,536	8,093	9,440	6,577	6,958	6,981	7,427	7,898
Employment-population ratio	44.5	39.8	40.0	43.7	33.5	35.7	38.0	39.2	39.0
Unemployed	400	1,009	853	477	1,634	1,385	1,274	1,073	937
Unemployment rate	4.0	11.8	9.5	4.8	19.9	16.6	15.4	12.6	10.6
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,701	34,365	35,328	36,305	33,792	33,598	33,942	34,129	34,953
Participation rate	58.4	55.3	55.6	57.8	55.0	55.3	55.4	54.9	55.0
Employed	35,474	31,007	32,284	34,990	28,605	29,519	30,266	30,768	31,803
Employment-population ratio	56.5	49.9	50.8	55.7	46.6	48.6	49.4	49.5	50.0
Unemployed	1,227	3,358	3,044	1,315	5,187	4,079	3,677	3,361	3,150
Unemployment rate	3.3	9.8	8.6	3.6	15.3	12.1	10.8	9.8	9.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,404	36,155	35,921	37,455	36,381	36,661	36,455	36,427	35,970
Participation rate	65.0	63.5	63.5	65.1	63.3	63.8	63.4	64.0	63.6
Employed	36,348	33,169	33,055	36,370	31,559	32,662	32,816	33,504	33,060
Employment-population ratio	63.1	58.3	58.4	63.2	54.9	56.9	57.1	58.9	58.5
Unemployed	1,056	2,987	2,866	1,085	4,821	3,999	3,639	2,922	2,910
Unemployment rate	2.8	8.3	8.0	2.9	13.3	10.9	10.0	8.0	8.1
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	59,077	61,379	59,840	59,159	60,442	61,861	61,847	61,930	59,954
Participation rate	73.9	72.1	72.2	74.0	71.9	72.7	72.1	72.8	72.3
Employed	57,919	57,935	57,021	57,966	55,992	57,614	57,710	58,654	57,098
Employment-population ratio	72.5	68.1	68.8	72.5	66.6	67.7	67.3	68.9	68.9
Unemployed	1,157	3,444	2,818	1,193	4,450	4,247	4,137	3,276	2,857
Unemployment rate	2.0	5.6	4.7	2.0	7.4	6.9	6.7	5.3	4.8
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,744	18,389	16,854	16,482	1,890	1,907
Civilian labor force	9,229	8,814	8,125	7,705	1,104	1,109
Participation rate	49.2	47.9	48.2	46.7	58.4	58.1
Employed	8,947	8,246	7,887	7,209	1,060	1,037
Employment-population ratio	47.7	44.8	46.8	43.7	56.1	54.4
Unemployed	282	568	238	496	45	72
Unemployment rate	3.1	6.4	2.9	6.4	4.0	6.5
Not in labor force	9,515	9,575	8,729	8,777	786	798
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,377	4,579	3,626	3,827	751	752
Civilian labor force	3,516	3,643	3,022	3,114	495	529
Participation rate	80.3	79.6	83.3	81.4	65.8	70.4
Employed	3,360	3,371	2,900	2,872	460	499
Employment-population ratio	76.8	73.6	80.0	75.1	61.2	66.4
Unemployed	157	272	122	242	35	30
Unemployment rate	4.5	7.5	4.0	7.8	7.0	5.7
Not in labor force	861	936	604	713	257	223
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,055	3,011	2,569	2,494	486	517
Civilian labor force	2,320	2,147	1,945	1,807	374	340
Participation rate	75.9	71.3	75.7	72.5	77.1	65.8
Employed	2,260	2,017	1,890	1,701	370	316
Employment-population ratio	74.0	67.0	73.6	68.2	76.1	61.2
Unemployed	60	131	55	107	5	24
Unemployment rate	2.6	6.1	2.8	5.9	1.2	7.0
Not in labor force	735	864	624	687	111	177
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,129	6,744	6,882	6,507	247	237
Civilian labor force	1,459	1,180	1,407	1,130	53	50
Participation rate	20.5	17.5	20.4	17.4	21.3	21.2
Employed	1,427	1,128	1,374	1,082	52	46
Employment-population ratio	20.0	16.7	20.0	16.6	21.2	19.4
Unemployed	33	52	32	48	0	4
Unemployment rate	2.2	4.4	2.3	4.2	-	-
Not in labor force	5,670	5,564	5,475	5,377	194	187
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,183	4,055	3,777	3,654	406	401
Civilian labor force	1,934	1,844	1,751	1,655	183	189
Participation rate	46.2	45.5	46.4	45.3	45.0	47.2
Employed	1,901	1,730	1,723	1,555	178	176
Employment-population ratio	45.4	42.7	45.6	42.5	43.8	43.8
Unemployed	33	114	28	100	5	13
Unemployment rate	1.7	6.2	1.6	6.1	2.6	7.1
Not in labor force	2,249	2,211	2,026	1,999	223	212
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	231,979	233,495	104,218	105,156	127,761	128,340
Civilian labor force	152,624	149,094	77,584	76,330	75,040	72,764
Participation rate	65.8	63.9	74.4	72.6	58.7	56.7
Employed	147,662	137,705	75,059	70,735	72,603	66,970
Employment-population ratio	63.7	59.0	72.0	67.3	56.8	52.2
Unemployed	4,962	11,389	2,525	5,595	2,437	5,794
Unemployment rate	3.3	7.6	3.3	7.3	3.2	8.0
Not in labor force	79,355	84,401	26,634	28,826	52,721	55,575
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,105	29,802	229,533	230,941
Civilian labor force	6,193	6,047	157,751	154,026
Participation rate	20.6	20.3	68.7	66.7
Employed	5,817	5,291	152,661	142,505
Employment-population ratio	19.3	17.8	66.5	61.7
Unemployed	376	755	5,089	11,521
Unemployment rate	6.1	12.5	3.2	7.5
Not in labor force	23,912	23,755	71,782	76,915
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,632	2,563	78,114	76,550
Participation rate	35.4	34.4	82.9	81.5
Employed	2,458	2,259	75,564	70,944
Employment-population ratio	33.0	30.3	80.2	75.5
Unemployed	174	304	2,549	5,606
Unemployment rate	6.6	11.9	3.3	7.3
Not in labor force	4,805	4,887	16,089	17,354
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,419	2,295	69,975	67,936
Participation rate	32.0	31.0	72.1	70.1
Employed	2,256	1,949	67,657	62,663
Employment-population ratio	29.8	26.3	69.7	64.7
Unemployed	163	346	2,318	5,273
Unemployment rate	6.7	15.1	3.3	7.8
Not in labor force	5,139	5,117	27,104	28,990
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,142	1,188	9,662	9,539
Participation rate	7.6	8.0	25.3	23.8
Employed	1,104	1,082	9,440	8,898
Employment-population ratio	7.3	7.2	24.7	22.2
Unemployed	38	105	222	642
Unemployment rate	3.4	8.9	2.3	6.7
Not in labor force	13,969	13,752	28,588	30,571
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,685	41,810	20,523	20,159	22,162	21,651
Civilian labor force	28,121	26,712	15,938	15,377	12,183	11,335
Participation rate	65.9	63.9	77.7	76.3	55.0	52.4
Employed	27,392	24,419	15,586	14,350	11,806	10,068
Employment-population ratio	64.2	58.4	75.9	71.2	53.3	46.5
Unemployed	729	2,293	352	1,027	377	1,266
Unemployment rate	2.6	8.6	2.2	6.7	3.1	11.2
Not in labor force	14,563	15,098	4,585	4,782	9,979	10,316
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	216,953	218,933	105,061	105,969	111,893	112,964
Civilian labor force	135,822	133,361	70,790	69,691	65,031	63,670
Participation rate	62.6	60.9	67.4	65.8	58.1	56.4
Employed	131,086	123,377	68,276	64,466	62,810	58,911
Employment-population ratio	60.4	56.4	65.0	60.8	56.1	52.1
Unemployed	4,736	9,983	2,515	5,224	2,221	4,759
Unemployment rate	3.5	7.5	3.6	7.5	3.4	7.5
Not in labor force	81,131	85,572	34,270	36,278	46,861	49,294
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,479	2,259	2,309	2,416	2,341	2,297	2,128	2,159	2,257
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,672	1,457	1,480	1,634	1,569	1,530	1,446	1,422	1,454
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	781	788	816	765	738	716	677	736	792
Unpaid family workers	27	14	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	155,999	144,965	145,487	155,816	134,966	139,944	141,487	145,156	145,235
Wage and salary workers(1)	147,030	136,073	136,709	146,852	126,943	131,444	132,888	136,258	136,509
Government	21,089	20,445	20,361	21,144	19,763	20,895	20,597	21,132	20,483
Private industries	125,942	115,628	116,348	125,734	107,164	110,584	112,361	115,172	116,088
Private households	842	715	683	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	125,100	114,913	115,665	124,864	106,660	110,045	111,663	114,478	115,385
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,889	8,815	8,723	8,850	7,944	8,376	8,559	8,808	8,680
Unpaid family workers	80	77	54	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,992	7,488	5,955	4,336	10,633	9,062	8,443	7,572	6,300
Slack work or business conditions	2,377	6,106	4,669	2,600	9,543	7,939	7,281	6,214	4,936
Could only find part-time work	1,327	1,039	1,124	1,310	843	942	1,048	1,139	1,122
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,666	17,110	19,012	21,559	14,394	17,137	17,792	18,630	18,918
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,925	7,387	5,901	4,257	10,485	8,961	8,382	7,468	6,224
Slack work or business conditions	2,337	6,033	4,623	2,554	9,408	7,860	7,234	6,148	4,881
Could only find part-time work	1,317	1,027	1,120	1,300	836	941	1,047	1,124	1,116
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,291	16,744	18,612	21,178	14,009	16,793	17,404	18,264	18,519
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	158,478	147,224	147,796	158,298	137,242	142,182	143,532	147,288	147,563
16 to 19 years	4,926	5,049	4,781	5,162	3,932	4,114	4,235	4,706	5,043
16 to 17 years	1,870	2,042	1,845	1,809	1,420	1,501	1,727	1,845	1,787
18 to 19 years	3,056	3,007	2,936	3,321	2,495	2,649	2,581	2,838	3,202
20 years and over	153,553	142,175	143,015	153,136	133,310	138,068	139,297	142,582	142,521
20 to 24 years	14,203	12,528	12,561	14,282	10,608	11,249	11,593	12,253	12,635
25 years and over	139,350	129,647	130,454	138,787	122,691	126,771	127,741	130,231	129,859
25 to 54 years	101,621	94,500	95,026	101,201	89,943	92,702	93,068	94,928	94,606
25 to 34 years	36,073	32,765	33,405	35,928	31,299	32,028	32,105	32,889	33,253
35 to 44 years	33,581	31,873	31,844	33,385	30,088	30,991	31,398	31,972	31,656
45 to 54 years	31,967	29,863	29,777	31,887	28,555	29,683	29,565	30,067	29,697
55 years and over	37,729	35,147	35,428	37,586	32,748	34,069	34,673	35,304	35,253
Men, 16 years and over	83,862	78,711	78,817	83,747	73,702	75,629	76,212	78,255	78,674
16 to 19 years	2,514	2,533	2,349	2,601	2,030	1,988	2,028	2,310	2,442
16 to 17 years	916	982	873	896	659	714	753	860	839
18 to 19 years	1,598	1,552	1,476	1,686	1,355	1,302	1,297	1,435	1,577
20 years and over	81,348	76,178	76,468	81,146	71,672	73,641	74,184	75,945	76,231
20 to 24 years	7,167	6,563	6,477	7,208	5,445	5,726	5,949	6,345	6,521
25 years and over	74,181	69,615	69,991	73,896	66,271	67,865	68,243	69,503	69,688
25 to 54 years	54,061	50,761	50,918	53,870	48,488	49,471	49,683	50,763	50,721
25 to 34 years	19,256	17,572	17,882	19,197	16,822	16,987	17,019	17,566	17,808
35 to 44 years	18,012	17,240	17,232	17,928	16,335	16,582	16,867	17,210	17,151
45 to 54 years	16,792	15,949	15,804	16,745	15,330	15,903	15,796	15,987	15,762
55 years and over	20,121	18,855	19,073	20,026	17,783	18,394	18,560	18,740	18,966
Women, 16 years and over	74,616	68,513	68,979	74,551	63,540	66,552	67,320	69,033	68,890
16 to 19 years	2,412	2,516	2,432	2,561	1,902	2,126	2,207	2,396	2,600
16 to 17 years	954	1,060	972	914	761	788	974	984	948
18 to 19 years	1,458	1,456	1,460	1,635	1,140	1,347	1,284	1,402	1,626
20 years and over	72,204	65,997	66,547	71,990	61,638	64,426	65,113	66,637	66,289
20 to 24 years	7,036	5,965	6,085	7,073	5,163	5,523	5,644	5,908	6,114
25 years and over	65,168	60,032	60,462	64,891	56,420	58,906	59,498	60,728	60,171
25 to 54 years	47,561	43,739	44,108	47,331	41,455	43,231	43,385	44,164	43,885
25 to 34 years	16,817	15,193	15,523	16,731	14,478	15,041	15,086	15,323	15,444
35 to 44 years	15,568	14,633	14,612	15,457	13,753	14,409	14,531	14,762	14,505
45 to 54 years	15,175	13,914	13,972	15,143	13,225	13,781	13,769	14,079	13,936
55 years and over	17,608	16,292	16,355	17,560	14,964	15,675	16,113	16,564	16,286
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,256	44,420	43,845	46,011	42,822	43,702	43,768	44,391	43,605
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,477	34,703	34,350	36,478	32,978	34,440	34,794	35,275	34,326
Women who maintain families(2)	10,006	8,689	9,109	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	131,704	123,619	122,998	131,123	116,523	118,941	119,532	122,369	122,423
Part-time workers(4)	26,774	23,605	24,798	27,079	20,741	23,179	23,982	24,973	25,161
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,331	6,541	6,482	8,312	5,598	6,279	6,602	6,784	6,445
Percent of total employed	5.3	4.4	4.4	5.3	4.1	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,227	6,327	6,275	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,669	9,603	9,540	9,615	8,681	9,092	9,236	9,544	9,473
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,753	13,550	12,580	3.5	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4	7.9
16 to 19 years	735	905	954	12.5	29.9	23.2	19.3	16.1	15.9
16 to 17 years	274	298	367	13.1	30.1	23.8	17.6	13.9	17.0
18 to 19 years	460	607	582	12.2	29.8	22.5	19.8	17.6	15.4
20 years and over	5,018	12,645	11,626	3.2	12.6	10.7	9.9	8.1	7.5
20 to 24 years	964	2,010	1,807	6.3	23.2	19.8	18.3	14.1	12.5
25 years and over	4,072	10,636	9,858	2.9	11.6	9.7	9.1	7.6	7.1
25 to 54 years	3,126	7,715	7,322	3.0	11.5	9.8	9.2	7.5	7.2
25 to 34 years	1,331	3,515	3,173	3.6	13.4	11.7	11.4	9.7	8.7
35 to 44 years	892	2,206	2,105	2.6	10.2	9.1	8.1	6.5	6.2
45 to 54 years	903	1,994	2,045	2.8	10.7	8.3	7.8	6.2	6.4
55 years and over	923	2,927	2,524	2.4	11.8	9.7	8.8	7.7	6.7
Men, 16 years and over	3,109	7,061	6,563	3.6	12.2	10.6	9.8	8.3	7.7
16 to 19 years	414	493	499	13.7	28.6	23.6	22.8	17.6	17.0
16 to 17 years	135	148	196	13.1	27.8	19.0	24.2	14.7	19.0
18 to 19 years	275	365	303	14.0	29.1	25.6	21.5	20.3	16.1
20 years and over	2,695	6,567	6,065	3.2	11.6	10.2	9.4	8.0	7.4
20 to 24 years	563	1,048	956	7.2	22.4	19.0	17.8	14.2	12.8
25 years and over	2,132	5,520	5,111	2.8	10.5	9.3	8.6	7.4	6.8
25 to 54 years	1,668	4,037	3,830	3.0	10.6	9.5	8.9	7.4	7.0
25 to 34 years	758	1,899	1,687	3.8	13.0	11.8	11.7	9.8	8.7
35 to 44 years	437	1,171	1,119	2.4	9.5	8.9	7.9	6.4	6.1
45 to 54 years	472	967	1,023	2.7	9.2	7.5	6.7	5.7	6.1
55 years and over	464	1,483	1,281	2.3	10.3	8.9	8.0	7.3	6.3
Women, 16 years and over	2,644	6,489	6,016	3.4	14.5	11.7	10.6	8.6	8.0
16 to 19 years	321	412	456	11.2	31.3	22.8	15.7	14.7	14.9
16 to 17 years	139	151	171	13.2	32.0	27.8	11.6	13.3	15.3
18 to 19 years	185	243	279	10.2	30.6	19.4	18.0	14.8	14.7
20 years and over	2,323	6,078	5,561	3.1	13.9	11.2	10.5	8.4	7.7
20 to 24 years	401	962	850	5.4	24.0	20.6	18.8	14.0	12.2
25 years and over	1,941	5,116	4,747	2.9	12.8	10.2	9.6	7.8	7.3
25 to 54 years	1,459	3,678	3,493	3.0	12.5	10.1	9.5	7.7	7.4
25 to 34 years	573	1,616	1,486	3.3	13.9	11.6	11.1	9.5	8.8
35 to 44 years	455	1,035	986	2.9	11.0	9.4	8.4	6.6	6.4
45 to 54 years	431	1,027	1,021	2.8	12.5	9.3	9.0	6.8	6.8
55 years and over	475	1,434	1,265	2.6	13.6	10.5	9.6	8.0	7.2
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	815	2,329	2,217	1.7	8.3	6.9	6.2	5.0	4.8
Married women, spouse present(1)	825	2,430	2,172	2.2	11.5	8.9	8.6	6.4	6.0
Women who maintain families(2)	492	1,011	1,012	4.7	15.8	13.1	12.4	10.4	10.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,669	11,082	10,311	3.4	12.0	10.4	9.8	8.3	7.8
Part-time workers(4)	1,087	2,459	2,299	3.9	19.7	14.7	12.6	9.0	8.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,227	10,347	8,738	2,575	18,291	14,272	12,924	10,307	9,135
On temporary layoff	428	6,206	4,280	729	15,343	10,565	9,225	6,160	4,637
Not on temporary layoff	1,799	4,141	4,457	1,846	2,948	3,707	3,699	4,147	4,498
Permanent job losers	1,269	3,398	3,704	1,318	2,295	2,883	2,877	3,411	3,756
Persons who completed temporary jobs	530	743	754	528	653	824	823	736	742
Job leavers	897	672	869	840	554	565	571	589	801
Reentrants	1,691	2,103	2,139	1,669	1,645	2,356	2,358	2,095	2,146
New entrants	650	620	531	673	536	563	513	554	537
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	40.7	75.3	71.2	44.7	87.0	80.4	79.0	76.1	72.4
On temporary layoff	7.8	45.2	34.9	12.7	73.0	59.5	56.4	45.5	36.7
Not on temporary layoff	32.9	30.1	36.3	32.1	14.0	20.9	22.6	30.6	35.6
Job leavers	16.4	4.9	7.1	14.6	2.6	3.2	3.5	4.4	6.4
Reentrants	30.9	15.3	17.4	29.0	7.8	13.3	14.4	15.5	17.0
New entrants	11.9	4.5	4.3	11.7	2.5	3.2	3.1	4.1	4.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.4	6.4	5.5	1.6	11.6	8.9	8.1	6.4	5.7
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reentrants	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,820	2,283	2,518	1,869	3,875	2,838	3,202	2,281	2,552
5 to 14 weeks	1,588	3,442	2,518	1,778	14,814	11,496	5,169	3,134	2,732
15 weeks and over	2,057	8,018	7,241	2,124	2,242	3,294	7,986	8,140	7,323
15 to 26 weeks	737	6,381	4,806	806	1,078	1,903	6,484	6,517	4,918
27 weeks and over	1,320	1,637	2,435	1,318	1,164	1,391	1,501	1,624	2,405
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	23.0	19.7	21.9	21.7	9.9	15.7	17.9	20.2	20.7
Median duration, in weeks	9.8	16.2	18.2	9.4	7.7	13.6	15.0	16.7	17.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	33.3	16.6	20.5	32.4	18.5	16.1	19.6	16.8	20.2
5 to 14 weeks	29.1	25.0	20.5	30.8	70.8	65.2	31.6	23.1	21.7
15 weeks and over	37.6	58.3	59.0	36.8	10.7	18.7	48.8	60.1	58.1
15 to 26 weeks	13.5	46.4	39.1	14.0	5.2	10.8	39.6	48.1	39.0
27 weeks and over	24.1	11.9	19.8	22.8	5.6	7.9	9.2	12.0	19.1
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	158,478	147,796	5,465	12,277	3.3	7.7
Management, professional, and related occupations	64,343	62,759	1,235	2,946	1.9	4.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	27,218	26,747	450	1,336	1.6	4.8
Professional and related occupations	37,124	36,011	786	1,611	2.1	4.3
Service occupations	27,303	23,428	1,068	3,200	3.8	12.0
Sales and office occupations	33,675	29,696	1,158	2,610	3.3	8.1
Sales and related occupations	15,733	14,157	581	1,388	3.6	8.9
Office and administrative support occupations	17,942	15,539	577	1,222	3.1	7.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,534	13,683	489	1,023	3.3	7.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,149	966	63	61	5.2	5.9
Construction and extraction occupations	8,347	8,038	314	702	3.6	8.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,037	4,679	111	261	2.2	5.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,624	18,231	846	1,953	4.3	9.7
Production occupations	8,502	7,696	379	691	4.3	8.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,123	10,534	467	1,262	4.4	10.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	5,465	12,277	3.3	7.7
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,099	10,098	3.2	8.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	13	108	1.7	14.9
Construction	319	700	3.2	7.1
Manufacturing	530	935	3.4	6.2
Durable goods	266	531	2.7	5.7
Nondurable goods	263	404	4.5	7.1
Wholesale and retail trade	666	1,545	3.4	7.8
Transportation and utilities	235	753	3.2	9.8
Information	109	202	4.4	8.6
Financial activities	192	442	1.9	4.4
Professional and business services	585	1,161	3.2	6.7
Education and health services	557	1,250	2.2	5.1
Leisure and hospitality	678	2,436	4.8	19.0
Other services	215	566	3.2	9.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	68	76	4.0	5.0
Government workers	389	884	1.8	4.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	259	688	2.6	6.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	5.0	4.5	1.3	1.4	2.1	5.0	5.1	4.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	6.4	5.5	1.6	11.6	8.9	8.1	6.4	5.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.3	8.5	7.7	3.5	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4	7.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.5	8.8	8.0	3.7	13.6	11.5	10.6	8.7	8.2
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.1	9.7	8.8	4.3	14.6	12.5	11.3	9.6	8.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.5	14.3	12.4	6.9	21.2	18.0	16.5	14.2	12.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Sept. 2020
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,694	100,670	38,855	41,059	56,840	59,610
Persons who currently want a job	4,637	6,984	2,146	3,367	2,492	3,617
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,299	1,921	629	1,016	670	905
Discouraged workers(2)	321	556	171	341	151	214
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	978	1,365	458	675	519	690
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,331	6,482	3,901	3,054	4,430	3,428
Percent of total employed	5.3	4.4	4.7	3.9	5.9	5.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,787	3,711	2,353	1,959	2,435	1,753
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,114	1,586	725	530	1,389	1,056
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	279	256	211	141	67	115
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,115	891	593	412	522	479
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Change from: Aug.2020 - Sept.2020(p)
Total nonfarm	151,556	139,076	140,718	141,855	151,368	139,570	141,059	141,720	661
Total private	128,917	118,808	119,731	120,059	128,718	118,018	119,040	119,917	877
Goods-producing	21,318	20,232	20,293	20,258	21,106	19,925	19,970	20,063	93
Mining and logging	738	630	620	619	731	620	612	613	1
Logging	52.6	52.3	52.1	51.6	51.5	51.2	50.5	50.6	0.1
Mining	685.8	577.6	567.7	567.4	679.8	569.0	561.5	562.4	0.9
Oil and gas extraction	154.4	156.6	157.4	157.3	154.3	155.2	156.0	156.9	0.9
Mining, except oil and gas	192.5	182.8	183.2	181.9	190.0	180.1	180.0	179.8	-0.2
Coal mining	52.3	45.3	45.4	44.6	52.2	45.9	45.4	44.5	-0.9
Metal ore mining	40.9	40.7	40.9	40.6	41.0	40.4	40.6	40.8	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.3	96.8	96.9	96.7	96.8	93.8	94.0	94.5	0.5
Support activities for mining	338.9	238.2	227.1	228.2	335.5	233.7	225.5	225.7	0.2
Construction	7,700	7,427	7,461	7,415	7,524	7,202	7,219	7,245	26
Construction of buildings	1,686.0	1,637.5	1,648.5	1,639.7	1,664.6	1,598.8	1,609.0	1,620.9	11.9
Residential building	835.1	831.0	835.7	836.8	825.4	818.4	820.7	827.3	6.6
Nonresidential building	850.9	806.5	812.8	802.9	839.2	780.4	788.3	793.6	5.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,140.6	1,072.3	1,074.0	1,066.8	1,079.1	1,014.9	1,009.1	1,005.7	-3.4
Specialty trade contractors	4,873.1	4,717.5	4,738.9	4,708.5	4,780.1	4,588.3	4,600.7	4,618.3	17.6
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,125.0	2,098.7	2,117.0	2,107.7	2,089.5	2,036.4	2,059.5	2,075.0	15.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,748.1	2,618.8	2,621.9	2,600.8	2,690.6	2,551.9	2,541.2	2,543.3	2.1
Manufacturing	12,880	12,175	12,212	12,224	12,851	12,103	12,139	12,205	66
Durable goods	8,063	7,585	7,596	7,609	8,066	7,561	7,568	7,614	46
Wood products	411.3	390.9	392.5	393.6	410.3	387.7	388.3	392.2	3.9
Nonmetallic mineral products	425.7	410.0	406.1	409.7	422.2	403.8	399.4	405.6	6.2
Primary metals	383.5	338.8	339.0	335.2	384.0	338.1	339.0	335.6	-3.4
Fabricated metal products	1,487.3	1,387.9	1,390.0	1,388.0	1,489.9	1,380.5	1,386.3	1,390.5	4.2
Machinery	1,117.7	1,045.8	1,039.2	1,044.8	1,122.2	1,039.3	1,036.9	1,050.7	13.8
Computer and electronic products	1,088.0	1,090.5	1,090.6	1,083.8	1,089.0	1,084.0	1,085.7	1,086.4	0.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	165.3	169.4	170.6	168.9	165.1	169.5	169.8	169.1	-0.7
Communications equipment	83.4	82.3	83.0	81.6	83.5	82.3	82.5	82.0	-0.5
Semiconductors and electronic components	378.9	376.1	374.6	371.0	379.4	372.3	372.3	372.1	-0.2
Electronic instruments	426.8	427.3	426.7	427.1	427.8	424.9	425.9	428.6	2.7
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.6	35.4	35.7	35.2	33.1	35.0	35.2	34.6	-0.6
Electrical equipment and appliances	405.1	382.5	378.9	378.4	404.9	380.0	377.3	378.1	0.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,739.6	1,594.4	1,612.2	1,627.4	1,737.4	1,607.5	1,609.8	1,625.1	15.3
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	998.4	891.3	905.3	919.5	997.7	909.0	904.7	919.0	14.3
Furniture and related products	386.8	351.2	353.3	352.4	386.9	349.0	353.0	352.7	-0.3
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	618.1	592.7	594.2	595.9	619.1	591.0	592.6	597.0	4.4
Nondurable goods	4,817	4,590	4,616	4,615	4,785	4,542	4,571	4,591	20
Food manufacturing	1,669.6	1,621.2	1,635.5	1,631.3	1,645.2	1,593.8	1,607.3	1,612.3	5.0
Textile mills	107.9	92.0	94.3	96.4	107.9	92.1	94.0	96.4	2.4
Textile product mills	112.2	102.0	102.4	104.4	111.9	100.8	102.1	104.0	1.9
Apparel	109.4	82.5	86.0	86.2	109.7	83.0	85.7	86.1	0.4
Paper and paper products	364.0	357.0	355.1	355.9	364.9	355.1	354.0	357.0	3.0
Printing and related support activities	424.9	364.4	361.6	365.3	424.2	364.1	360.2	364.9	4.7
Petroleum and coal products	116.3	107.2	106.7	106.5	113.2	103.3	104.0	103.8	-0.2
Chemicals	850.6	837.9	840.4	834.9	851.7	833.9	839.2	837.2	-2.0
Plastics and rubber products	736.3	723.4	726.0	721.7	738.2	719.4	723.2	724.2	1.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	325.4	302.0	308.2	312.7	317.6	296.9	300.9	304.9	4.0
Private service-providing	107,599	98,576	99,438	99,801	107,612	98,093	99,070	99,854	784
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,575	26,095	26,403	26,591	27,712	26,136	26,490	26,727	237
Wholesale trade	5,910.9	5,619.3	5,624.2	5,620.0	5,913.2	5,592.9	5,603.8	5,622.5	18.7
Durable goods	3,213.2	3,060.6	3,059.9	3,059.4	3,215.5	3,047.4	3,046.7	3,059.7	13.0
Nondurable goods	2,169.3	2,059.5	2,060.8	2,061.5	2,168.8	2,046.5	2,054.6	2,062.9	8.3
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	528.4	499.2	503.5	499.1	528.9	499.0	502.5	499.9	-2.6
Retail trade	15,487.4	14,794.4	15,022.7	15,060.6	15,622.8	14,785.4	15,046.6	15,189.0	142.4
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,050.5	1,914.4	1,939.6	1,950.3	2,042.4	1,902.8	1,927.8	1,943.9	16.1
Automobile dealers	1,305.1	1,188.6	1,207.7	1,217.7	1,300.7	1,186.0	1,204.5	1,214.7	10.2
Other motor vehicle dealers	167.0	158.4	160.5	157.6	165.0	149.8	153.8	155.6	1.8
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	578.4	567.4	571.4	575.0	576.7	567.0	569.5	573.6	4.1
Furniture and home furnishings stores	463.9	391.5	401.4	406.5	470.5	397.5	408.2	413.5	5.3
Electronics and appliance stores	464.1	398.7	414.5	423.0	472.5	411.4	430.6	432.9	2.3
Building material and garden supply stores	1,283.6	1,413.9	1,403.8	1,385.8	1,306.0	1,376.6	1,391.4	1,399.4	8.0
Food and beverage stores	3,070.4	3,147.1	3,148.7	3,128.9	3,084.5	3,124.7	3,131.6	3,139.6	8.0
Health and personal care stores	1,034.5	951.4	963.1	975.9	1,046.7	955.8	970.4	986.3	15.9
Gasoline stations	951.3	924.9	931.7	923.6	949.7	912.1	917.8	921.1	3.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,246.1	911.3	923.3	934.7	1,282.3	912.2	924.4	964.2	39.8
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	546.8	429.9	445.5	456.3	554.8	441.4	454.9	466.4	11.5
General merchandise stores	2,993.4	3,056.6	3,176.3	3,196.0	3,025.7	3,101.9	3,218.2	3,237.7	19.5
Department stores	1,043.6	985.7	1,021.1	1,028.6	1,070.1	1,018.6	1,050.7	1,060.6	9.9
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,949.8	2,070.9	2,155.2	2,167.4	1,955.7	2,083.3	2,167.5	2,177.1	9.6
Miscellaneous store retailers	830.8	719.4	733.6	731.4	830.3	708.8	725.8	729.2	3.4
Nonstore retailers	552.0	535.3	541.2	548.2	557.4	540.2	545.5	554.8	9.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,631.1	5,139.8	5,215.7	5,370.2	5,628.6	5,218.5	5,300.2	5,373.8	73.6
Air transportation	503.2	398.9	409.4	404.1	503.5	395.4	405.9	404.3	-1.6
Rail transportation	170.5	145.5	146.0	146.0	170.0	145.3	145.8	145.9	0.1
Water transportation	66.6	57.5	57.3	57.2	65.7	55.0	54.9	56.1	1.2
Truck transportation	1,543.4	1,458.3	1,467.0	1,470.2	1,528.0	1,439.8	1,449.8	1,454.4	4.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	513.8	273.5	282.4	380.5	500.7	335.0	346.2	367.6	21.4
Pipeline transportation	51.4	50.0	49.8	49.5	51.3	50.0	49.8	49.5	-0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	42.3	27.3	27.3	25.4	35.9	20.7	20.9	21.7	0.8
Support activities for transportation	755.1	674.5	680.4	683.2	755.0	672.3	679.0	683.9	4.9
Couriers and messengers	792.4	877.1	883.2	903.7	825.3	917.8	926.3	936.6	10.3
Warehousing and storage	1,192.4	1,177.2	1,212.9	1,250.4	1,193.2	1,187.2	1,221.6	1,253.8	32.2
Utilities	545.8	541.3	539.9	539.9	547.5	538.8	539.0	541.8	2.8
Information	2,860	2,583	2,601	2,607	2,866	2,565	2,591	2,618	27
Publishing industries, except Internet	769.0	734.8	737.8	737.7	765.2	730.4	734.2	733.7	-0.5
Motion picture and sound recording industries	439.9	225.9	250.8	256.6	445.5	214.0	241.1	264.3	23.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	266.0	238.3	240.8	247.5	265.0	239.1	242.0	246.4	4.4
Telecommunications	700.5	684.3	677.7	675.0	704.4	684.4	680.1	678.8	-1.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	341.3	342.0	336.1	335.3	341.9	341.1	337.8	337.7	-0.1
Other information services	343.2	358.1	357.9	355.0	344.4	355.5	355.4	357.3	1.9
Financial activities	8,775	8,681	8,703	8,682	8,771	8,620	8,646	8,683	37
Finance and insurance	6,435.2	6,473.3	6,483.2	6,472.6	6,442.1	6,452.9	6,466.1	6,482.4	16.3
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.6	20.2	20.0	19.9	19.7	19.8	19.8	20.0	0.2
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,649.1	2,661.2	2,663.1	2,654.5	2,650.9	2,650.2	2,656.9	2,661.5	4.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,771.3	1,774.0	1,768.6	1,752.8	1,777.1	1,765.1	1,762.7	1,760.7	-2.0
Commercial banking	1,385.6	1,384.9	1,379.4	1,365.5	1,390.3	1,377.3	1,375.1	1,372.9	-2.2
Nondepository credit intermediation	579.4	577.9	585.0	588.5	575.3	574.8	582.5	586.7	4.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	298.4	309.3	309.5	313.2	298.5	310.3	311.7	314.1	2.4
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	964.8	975.4	980.0	973.7	967.1	969.4	970.6	974.6	4.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,801.7	2,816.5	2,820.1	2,824.5	2,804.4	2,813.5	2,818.8	2,826.3	7.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,339.5	2,207.5	2,220.0	2,209.0	2,328.9	2,167.3	2,180.2	2,200.2	20.0
Real estate	1,727.7	1,695.1	1,703.9	1,694.1	1,725.9	1,674.0	1,680.4	1,692.3	11.9
Rental and leasing services	588.6	488.9	492.6	492.1	579.8	470.3	476.8	484.9	8.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.2	23.5	23.5	22.8	23.2	23.0	23.0	23.0	0.0
Professional and business services	21,479	20,010	20,220	20,239	21,402	19,887	20,075	20,164	89
Professional and technical services	9,516.9	9,307.8	9,338.9	9,295.7	9,603.0	9,294.8	9,339.8	9,387.1	47.3
Legal services	1,146.9	1,116.6	1,112.4	1,108.0	1,152.4	1,108.4	1,110.4	1,113.5	3.1
Accounting and bookkeeping services	969.9	947.6	950.8	946.7	1,032.6	1,012.7	1,011.8	1,014.0	2.2
Architectural and engineering services	1,520.4	1,496.4	1,505.6	1,501.6	1,518.4	1,470.7	1,487.7	1,500.8	13.1
Specialized design services	144.7	132.1	133.0	134.5	145.1	132.1	133.0	134.6	1.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,210.9	2,178.2	2,188.1	2,167.0	2,223.5	2,154.2	2,167.6	2,179.3	11.7
Management and technical consulting services	1,541.9	1,497.2	1,504.0	1,498.1	1,543.8	1,490.9	1,495.9	1,499.0	3.1
Scientific research and development services	732.4	749.3	753.4	748.0	735.7	739.9	747.6	752.6	5.0
Advertising and related services	490.2	448.4	443.0	443.1	492.4	445.4	440.5	444.9	4.4
Other professional and technical services	759.6	742.0	748.6	748.7	759.1	740.5	745.3	748.4	3.1
Management of companies and enterprises	2,434.1	2,354.7	2,353.0	2,348.0	2,438.3	2,336.6	2,340.0	2,351.3	11.3
Administrative and waste services	9,527.6	8,347.1	8,527.9	8,594.8	9,360.2	8,255.3	8,394.7	8,425.7	31.0
Administrative and support services	9,066.1	7,886.9	8,068.7	8,137.3	8,901.2	7,803.9	7,942.4	7,970.6	28.2
Office administrative services	526.9	508.1	507.9	509.6	527.9	506.9	505.7	510.2	4.5
Facilities support services	165.6	158.3	156.9	155.7	164.4	158.4	156.9	155.3	-1.6
Employment services(1)	3,722.8	2,941.0	3,108.7	3,176.5	3,644.6	2,977.9	3,098.2	3,098.7	0.5
Temporary help services	3,016.9	2,319.4	2,473.9	2,542.8	2,949.1	2,365.1	2,466.6	2,474.7	8.1
Business support services	871.3	752.0	766.5	780.9	871.6	761.3	773.5	781.9	8.4
Travel arrangement and reservation services	219.6	161.4	157.6	155.5	218.3	158.7	156.0	154.7	-1.3
Investigation and security services	962.2	899.6	908.1	911.8	952.5	901.3	904.9	902.3	-2.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,252.6	2,172.5	2,165.1	2,147.2	2,180.1	2,044.2	2,048.5	2,070.9	22.4
Other support services	345.1	294.0	297.9	300.1	341.7	295.2	298.7	296.6	-2.1
Waste management and remediation services	461.5	460.2	459.2	457.5	459.0	451.4	452.3	455.1	2.8
Education and health services	24,257	22,646	22,835	23,125	24,323	22,979	23,149	23,189	40
Educational services	3,763.5	3,164.5	3,233.5	3,445.7	3,791.6	3,471.5	3,542.2	3,473.7	-68.5
Health care and social assistance	20,493.4	19,481.0	19,601.3	19,678.9	20,531.1	19,507.2	19,607.2	19,714.9	107.7
Health care(3)	16,342.4	15,736.4	15,806.0	15,824.0	16,356.8	15,712.8	15,786.8	15,839.6	52.8
Ambulatory health care services	7,735.4	7,411.7	7,492.6	7,529.3	7,748.9	7,404.2	7,487.1	7,544.7	57.6
Offices of physicians	2,678.6	2,592.1	2,617.7	2,629.1	2,684.6	2,591.9	2,618.1	2,636.3	18.2
Offices of dentists	969.4	918.8	939.6	937.2	972.1	917.6	936.0	939.9	3.9
Offices of other health practitioners	975.0	885.9	898.4	906.2	979.4	883.1	896.2	910.0	13.8
Outpatient care centers	965.3	942.8	951.6	952.3	968.6	943.1	952.3	955.5	3.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	285.7	273.9	273.8	276.4	285.1	273.0	273.6	276.0	2.4
Home health care services	1,542.8	1,496.3	1,509.0	1,524.6	1,542.0	1,494.0	1,508.4	1,524.6	16.2
Other ambulatory health care services	318.6	301.9	302.5	303.5	317.2	301.5	302.5	302.4	-0.1
Hospitals	5,219.9	5,135.7	5,142.1	5,136.0	5,218.8	5,133.1	5,141.6	5,135.2	-6.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,387.1	3,189.0	3,171.3	3,158.7	3,389.1	3,175.5	3,158.1	3,159.7	1.6
Nursing care facilities	1,602.5	1,480.3	1,472.5	1,463.8	1,601.5	1,476.6	1,467.3	1,462.5	-4.8
Residential mental health facilities	647.9	620.7	620.8	619.9	649.6	616.6	618.3	621.2	2.9
Community care facilities for the elderly	970.6	927.1	918.9	916.1	972.0	923.0	914.4	917.1	2.7
Other residential care facilities	166.1	160.9	159.1	158.9	166.0	159.3	158.1	158.9	0.8
Social assistance	4,151.0	3,744.6	3,795.3	3,854.9	4,174.3	3,794.4	3,820.4	3,875.3	54.9
Individual and family services	2,619.4	2,513.6	2,525.2	2,537.4	2,639.4	2,508.3	2,524.0	2,555.7	31.7
Emergency and other relief services	185.0	182.7	179.4	181.6	185.4	183.0	180.8	182.2	1.4
Vocational rehabilitation services	320.7	279.6	283.2	283.0	322.4	274.7	280.3	284.4	4.1
Child day care services	1,025.9	768.7	807.5	852.9	1,027.0	828.4	835.3	853.0	17.7
Leisure and hospitality	16,759	13,152	13,231	13,124	16,631	12,566	12,709	13,027	318
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,483.7	1,826.5	1,798.1	1,702.6	2,440.7	1,587.4	1,609.6	1,676.6	67.0
Performing arts and spectator sports	537.7	273.3	287.4	279.0	521.0	257.4	274.0	269.6	-4.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	174.3	138.6	135.7	130.0	172.5	124.8	126.3	128.9	2.6
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,771.7	1,414.6	1,375.0	1,293.6	1,747.2	1,205.2	1,209.3	1,278.1	68.8
Accommodation and food services	14,275.4	11,325.5	11,432.8	11,421.2	14,189.8	10,978.6	11,099.7	11,350.7	251.0
Accommodation	2,115.1	1,450.4	1,456.4	1,404.3	2,076.5	1,298.1	1,314.9	1,365.6	50.7
Food services and drinking places	12,160.3	9,875.1	9,976.4	10,016.9	12,113.3	9,680.5	9,784.8	9,985.1	200.3
Other services	5,894	5,409	5,445	5,433	5,907	5,340	5,410	5,446	36
Repair and maintenance	1,360.6	1,289.9	1,308.9	1,310.7	1,360.3	1,282.6	1,305.8	1,310.6	4.8
Personal and laundry services	1,528.0	1,248.7	1,258.4	1,255.2	1,527.8	1,239.7	1,255.0	1,255.4	0.4
Membership associations and organizations	3,005.0	2,870.2	2,877.6	2,866.6	3,018.4	2,817.6	2,849.3	2,879.9	30.6
Government	22,639	20,268	20,987	21,796	22,650	21,552	22,019	21,803	-216
Federal	2,859.0	2,929	3,172	3,133	2,857.0	2,912	3,162	3,128	-34
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,256.1	2,335.0	2,571.8	2,531.6	2,250.4	2,314.2	2,559.2	2,525.3	-33.9
U.S. Postal Service	603.1	593.6	599.8	601.3	606.2	598.2	602.5	602.3	-0.2
State government	5,238.0	4,634	4,707	4,993	5,181.0	4,964	4,983	4,935	-48
State government education	2,538.5	1,924.7	2,000.4	2,297.6	2,483.2	2,269.8	2,288.9	2,239.5	-49.4
State government, excluding education	2,699.4	2,709.0	2,706.6	2,695.8	2,697.7	2,694.0	2,694.3	2,695.1	0.8
Local government	14,542.0	12,705	13,108	13,670	14,612.0	13,676	13,874	13,740	-134
Local government education	7,967.5	6,347.9	6,749.0	7,400.0	8,027.0	7,549.2	7,687.8	7,456.7	-231.1
Local government, excluding education	6,574.9	6,357.2	6,358.7	6,270.2	6,585.2	6,127.1	6,186.4	6,282.8	96.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.6	34.6	34.7
Goods-producing	40.4	39.5	39.7	39.8
Mining and logging	46.2	43.9	44.0	44.2
Construction	39.7	38.8	38.8	38.8
Manufacturing	40.5	39.8	40.0	40.2
Durable goods	41.0	40.0	40.2	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.7	39.4	39.6	39.7
Private service-providing	33.2	33.5	33.6	33.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.1	34.1	34.3
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.4	38.4	38.5
Retail trade	30.7	30.6	30.7	30.9
Transportation and warehousing	38.4	38.3	38.4	38.7
Utilities	42.1	42.6	43.3	42.7
Information	36.5	36.3	36.5	36.4
Financial activities	37.6	37.5	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.1	36.4	36.5	36.5
Education and health services	33.0	33.4	33.4	33.5
Leisure and hospitality	25.9	25.5	25.7	26.0
Other services	31.8	32.2	32.2	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.9
Durable goods	3.2	2.7	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
Total private	$28.16	$29.35	$29.45	$29.47	$968.70	$1,015.51	$1,018.97	$1,022.61
Goods-producing	29.18	30.05	30.16	30.11	1,178.87	1,186.98	1,197.35	1,198.38
Mining and logging	34.44	35.19	35.13	35.02	1,591.13	1,544.84	1,545.72	1,547.88
Construction	30.87	31.74	31.83	31.83	1,225.54	1,231.51	1,235.00	1,235.00
Manufacturing	27.88	28.77	28.93	28.85	1,129.14	1,145.05	1,157.20	1,159.77
Durable goods	29.33	30.19	30.41	30.24	1,202.53	1,207.60	1,222.48	1,221.70
Nondurable goods	25.34	26.37	26.44	26.50	1,006.00	1,038.98	1,047.02	1,052.05
Private service-providing	27.92	29.19	29.28	29.32	926.94	977.87	983.81	988.08
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.38	25.34	25.43	25.59	833.80	864.09	867.16	877.74
Wholesale trade	31.56	32.48	32.55	32.56	1,227.68	1,247.23	1,249.92	1,253.56
Retail trade	19.84	20.98	21.15	21.50	609.09	641.99	649.31	664.35
Transportation and warehousing	24.94	25.46	25.49	25.51	957.70	975.12	978.82	987.24
Utilities	41.75	43.53	44.05	44.02	1,757.68	1,854.38	1,907.37	1,879.65
Information	42.28	44.10	43.94	43.77	1,543.22	1,600.83	1,603.81	1,593.23
Financial activities	36.03	37.73	38.05	38.17	1,354.73	1,414.88	1,426.88	1,435.19
Professional and business services	33.94	35.04	35.18	35.26	1,225.23	1,275.46	1,284.07	1,286.99
Education and health services	27.74	28.46	28.54	28.62	915.42	950.56	953.24	958.77
Leisure and hospitality	16.67	16.88	16.99	17.02	431.75	430.44	436.64	442.52
Other services	25.32	26.52	26.44	26.45	805.18	853.94	851.37	854.34
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2020 - Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2020 - Sept. 2020(p)
Total private	111.2	102.5	103.4	104.5	1.1	149.7	143.8	145.6	147.2	1.1
Goods-producing	97.1	89.7	90.3	91.0	0.8	128.1	121.8	123.1	123.8	0.6
Mining and logging	106.1	85.5	84.6	85.1	0.6	146.7	120.8	119.3	119.7	0.3
Construction	103.0	96.3	96.6	96.9	0.3	138.1	132.8	133.5	134.0	0.4
Manufacturing	93.6	86.7	87.4	88.3	1.0	121.4	115.9	117.5	118.4	0.8
Durable goods	93.1	85.1	85.7	86.6	1.1	121.3	114.2	115.7	116.3	0.5
Nondurable goods	94.8	89.3	90.4	91.0	0.7	121.9	119.5	121.2	122.3	0.9
Private service-providing	115.0	105.8	107.2	108.3	1.0	156.1	150.1	152.5	154.4	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.4	97.2	98.6	100.0	1.4	136.0	132.9	135.2	138.0	2.1
Wholesale trade	101.5	94.7	94.9	95.5	0.6	133.9	128.7	129.2	130.0	0.6
Retail trade	97.4	91.9	93.8	95.3	1.6	127.7	127.4	131.1	135.4	3.3
Transportation and warehousing	124.2	114.8	116.9	119.5	2.2	157.6	148.7	151.6	155.1	2.3
Utilities	99.7	99.3	101.0	100.1	-0.9	137.6	142.8	147.0	145.6	-1.0
Information	95.5	85.0	86.4	87.0	0.7	143.8	133.5	135.1	135.6	0.4
Financial activities	108.1	105.9	106.2	107.0	0.8	151.9	155.9	157.7	159.3	1.0
Professional and business services	121.1	113.5	114.9	115.4	0.4	166.5	161.0	163.7	164.8	0.7
Education and health services	131.1	125.3	126.2	126.8	0.5	174.9	171.6	173.3	174.6	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	122.9	91.4	93.2	96.6	3.6	165.3	124.5	127.7	132.7	3.9
Other services	108.3	99.1	100.4	101.4	1.0	150.3	144.1	145.5	147.0	1.0
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
Total nonfarm	75,610	69,341	70,214	70,500	50.0	49.7	49.8	49.7
Total private	62,533	56,923	57,516	57,959	48.6	48.2	48.3	48.3
Goods-producing	4,734	4,493	4,528	4,544	22.4	22.5	22.7	22.6
Mining and logging	99	92	92	91	13.5	14.8	15.0	14.8
Construction	974	958	965	966	12.9	13.3	13.4	13.3
Manufacturing	3,661	3,443	3,471	3,487	28.5	28.4	28.6	28.6
Durable goods	1,945	1,834	1,849	1,858	24.1	24.3	24.4	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,716	1,609	1,622	1,629	35.9	35.4	35.5	35.5
Private service-providing	57,799	52,430	52,988	53,415	53.7	53.4	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,099	10,225	10,399	10,545	40.1	39.1	39.3	39.5
Wholesale trade	1,782.0	1,673.8	1,680.5	1,680.5	30.1	29.9	30.0	29.9
Retail trade	7,740.9	7,161.9	7,305.8	7,398.0	49.5	48.4	48.6	48.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,444.1	1,257.0	1,280.7	1,331.6	25.7	24.1	24.2	24.8
Utilities	131.7	132.2	131.8	135.2	24.1	24.5	24.5	25.0
Information	1,140	1,023	1,038	1,047	39.8	39.9	40.1	40.0
Financial activities	4,963	4,868	4,884	4,897	56.6	56.5	56.5	56.4
Professional and business services	9,787	9,095	9,210	9,242	45.7	45.7	45.9	45.8
Education and health services	18,809	17,712	17,842	17,901	77.3	77.1	77.1	77.2
Leisure and hospitality	8,849	6,697	6,770	6,918	53.2	53.3	53.3	53.1
Other services	3,152	2,810	2,845	2,865	53.4	52.6	52.6	52.6
Government	13,077	12,418	12,698	12,541	57.7	57.6	57.7	57.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
Total private	105,885	95,830	96,754	97,557
Goods-producing	15,107	14,139	14,148	14,195
Mining and logging	532	434	432	428
Construction	5,607	5,297	5,312	5,329
Manufacturing	8,968	8,408	8,404	8,438
Durable goods	5,547	5,142	5,128	5,154
Nondurable goods	3,421	3,266	3,276	3,284
Private service-providing	90,778	81,691	82,606	83,362
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,448	21,976	22,327	22,557
Wholesale trade	4,741.9	4,437.3	4,456.4	4,469.1
Retail trade	13,340.7	12,601.1	12,849.3	12,986.5
Transportation and warehousing	4,925.3	4,509.7	4,594.4	4,672.3
Utilities	439.7	428.1	426.5	428.6
Information	2,306	2,041	2,049	2,067
Financial activities	6,782	6,567	6,575	6,592
Professional and business services	17,387	15,884	16,085	16,200
Education and health services	21,359	20,105	20,264	20,305
Leisure and hospitality	14,611	10,779	10,919	11,210
Other services	4,885	4,339	4,387	4,431
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	34.0	34.0	34.1
Goods-producing	41.2	40.3	40.5	40.5
Mining and logging	47.1	44.1	44.6	44.8
Construction	40.1	39.3	39.3	39.3
Manufacturing	41.5	40.7	41.0	41.0
Durable goods	41.9	41.0	41.3	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.9	40.3	40.7	40.7
Private service-providing	32.3	32.9	32.9	33.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	34.2	34.0	34.1
Wholesale trade	38.7	38.1	38.1	38.3
Retail trade	30.3	30.9	30.8	30.8
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.6	38.3	38.4
Utilities	42.2	42.6	43.0	43.2
Information	35.5	35.8	36.8	36.2
Financial activities	36.9	37.1	36.8	37.2
Professional and business services	35.4	35.8	35.9	35.9
Education and health services	32.1	32.6	32.7	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	24.0	24.4	24.7
Other services	30.8	31.3	31.2	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	3.7	3.7	3.6
Durable goods	4.2	3.7	3.7	3.6
Nondurable goods	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)
Total private	$23.70	$24.64	$24.78	$24.79	$796.32	$837.76	$842.52	$845.34
Goods-producing	24.90	25.44	25.47	25.42	1,025.88	1,025.23	1,031.54	1,029.51
Mining and logging	30.52	30.59	30.56	30.21	1,437.49	1,349.02	1,362.98	1,353.41
Construction	28.63	29.30	29.40	29.07	1,148.06	1,151.49	1,155.42	1,142.45
Manufacturing	22.26	22.81	22.81	22.94	923.79	928.37	935.21	940.54
Durable goods	23.19	23.79	23.79	23.91	971.66	975.39	982.53	985.09
Nondurable goods	20.73	21.24	21.24	21.39	847.86	855.97	864.47	870.57
Private service-providing	23.44	24.47	24.64	24.66	757.11	805.06	810.66	813.78
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.76	21.32	21.63	21.63	701.69	729.14	735.42	737.58
Wholesale trade	26.20	26.90	26.99	26.96	1,013.94	1,024.89	1,028.32	1,032.57
Retail trade	16.74	17.50	17.80	17.85	507.22	540.75	548.24	549.78
Transportation and warehousing	22.52	22.61	23.28	23.18	853.51	872.75	891.62	890.11
Utilities	36.93	38.64	39.03	38.83	1,558.45	1,646.06	1,678.29	1,677.46
Information	34.42	35.87	35.88	35.69	1,221.91	1,284.15	1,320.38	1,291.98
Financial activities	27.81	29.15	29.35	29.51	1,026.19	1,081.47	1,080.08	1,097.77
Professional and business services	28.06	29.23	29.41	29.45	993.32	1,046.43	1,055.82	1,057.26
Education and health services	24.54	25.28	25.39	25.52	787.73	824.13	830.25	834.50
Leisure and hospitality	14.63	14.54	14.68	14.78	359.90	348.96	358.19	365.07
Other services	21.50	22.41	22.39	22.44	662.20	701.43	698.57	702.37
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2020 - Sept. 2020(p)	Sept. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Sept. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2020 - Sept. 2020(p)
Total private	118.6	108.6	109.6	110.9	1.2	187.8	178.8	181.6	183.7	1.2
Goods-producing	95.1	87.1	87.6	87.9	0.3	145.0	135.6	136.6	136.8	0.1
Mining and logging	133.2	101.7	102.4	101.9	-0.5	236.3	180.9	182.0	179.0	-1.6
Construction	112.6	104.2	104.5	104.9	0.4	174.0	164.9	165.9	164.6	-0.8
Manufacturing	85.4	78.6	79.1	79.4	0.4	124.4	117.2	118.0	119.1	0.9
Durable goods	87.3	79.2	79.6	79.8	0.3	126.4	117.7	118.2	119.1	0.8
Nondurable goods	82.4	77.5	78.6	78.8	0.3	120.8	116.4	117.9	119.0	0.9
Private service-providing	124.9	114.5	115.8	117.2	1.2	200.9	192.2	195.7	198.3	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.8	105.1	106.2	107.6	1.3	164.4	160.1	164.1	166.3	1.3
Wholesale trade	108.9	100.3	100.8	101.6	0.8	168.4	159.3	160.5	161.6	0.7
Retail trade	102.3	98.5	100.2	101.2	1.0	146.7	147.8	152.8	154.8	1.3
Transportation and warehousing	141.3	131.7	133.2	135.8	2.0	202.5	189.6	197.3	200.3	1.5
Utilities	94.9	93.3	93.8	94.7	1.0	146.3	150.4	152.8	153.5	0.5
Information	93.4	83.4	86.1	85.4	-0.8	159.2	148.1	152.9	150.9	-1.3
Financial activities	117.8	114.7	113.9	115.4	1.3	201.5	205.6	205.6	209.5	1.9
Professional and business services	137.6	127.1	129.1	130.0	0.7	229.6	221.0	225.8	227.7	0.8
Education and health services	146.2	139.7	141.3	141.6	0.2	236.8	233.2	236.8	238.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	131.7	94.8	97.6	101.4	3.9	218.7	156.5	162.7	170.2	4.6
Other services	105.5	95.2	96.0	97.3	1.4	165.3	155.5	156.6	159.0	1.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.