Employment Situation News Release

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-19-0140
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 1, 2019

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
		 THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2019


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 304,000 in January, and the
unemployment rate edged up to 4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. Job gains occurred in several industries, including leisure
and hospitality, construction, health care, and transportation and warehousing.  

 _____________________________________________________________________________
| 									      |
|                Changes to The Employment Situation Data		      |
|									      |
|   Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual     |
|   benchmarking process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors.     |
|   Also, household survey data for January 2019 reflect updated population   |
|   estimates. See the notes beginning at the end of this news release for    |
|   more information about these changes.				      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons,
at 6.5 million, edged up in January. The impact of the partial federal government
shutdown contributed to the uptick in these measures. Among the unemployed, the
number who reported being on temporary layoff increased by 175,000. This figure
includes furloughed federal employees who were classified as unemployed on
temporary layoff under the definitions used in the household survey. (See tables
A-1 and A-11. For information about annual population adjustments to the household
survey estimates, see the note at the end of this release and tables B and C. For
more information on the classification of workers affected by the partial federal
government shutdown, see the box note at the end of this news release.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to
4.9 percent in January. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult
women (3.6 percent), teenagers (12.9 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks
(6.8 percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little change over the month. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In January, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
was little changed at 1.3 million and accounted for 19.3 percent of the unemployed.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 63.2 percent, and the employment-population
ratio, at 60.7 percent, changed little over the month; both measures were up by 0.5
percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred
to as involuntary part-time workers) increased by about one-half million to 5.1
million in January. Nearly all of this increase occurred in the private sector and
may reflect the impact of the partial federal government shutdown. (Persons employed
part time for economic reasons would have preferred full-time employment but were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find
full-time jobs.) (See table A-8.)

In January, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force,
essentially unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as 
unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 426,000 discouraged workers in January,
little different than a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they
believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 million persons
marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work for
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 304,000 in January, compared with
an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In January, employment grew in several
industries, including leisure and hospitality, construction, health care, and
transportation and warehousing. There were no discernible impacts of the partial
federal government shutdown on the estimates of employment, hours, and earnings
from the establishment survey. (See table B-1. For information about the annual
benchmark process, see the note at the end of this release and table A. For more
information on the classification of workers affected by the partial federal
government shutdown, see the box note at the end of this news release.) 

In January, employment in leisure and hospitality rose by 74,000. Within the
industry, job gains occurred in food services and drinking places (+37,000) and in
amusements, gambling, and recreation (+32,000). Over the year, leisure and
hospitality has added 410,000 jobs. 

Construction employment rose by 52,000 in January. Job gains occurred among
specialty trade contractors, with increases in both the nonresidential (+19,000)
and residential (+15,000) components. Employment also rose in heavy and civil
engineering construction (+10,000) and residential building (+9,000). Construction
has added 338,000 jobs over the past 12 months.

Employment in health care increased by 42,000 in January. Within the industry, job
gains occurred in ambulatory health care services (+22,000) and hospitals (+19,000).
Health care has added 368,000 jobs over the past year.

Over the month, employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 27,000,
following little change in December. In January, job gains occurred in warehousing
and storage (+15,000) and among couriers and messengers (+7,000). Over the year,
employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 219,000.

In January, retail trade employment edged up by 21,000. Job gains occurred in
sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores (+17,000), while general merchandise
stores lost jobs (-12,000). Employment in retail trade has shown little net change
over the past 12 months (+26,000). 

Mining employment increased by 7,000 in January. The industry has added 64,000 jobs
over the year, almost entirely in support activities for mining.

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up over the
month (+30,000) and has increased by 546,000 in the past 12 months.

Employment in manufacturing continued to trend up in January (+13,000). Over-the-
month job gains occurred in durable goods (+20,000), while employment in nondurable
goods changed little (-7,000). Manufacturing employment has increased by 261,000
over the year, with more than four-fifths of the gain in durable goods industries.

Employment in federal government was essentially unchanged in January (+1,000).
Federal employees on furlough during the partial government shutdown were counted as
employed in the establishment survey because they worked or received pay (or will
receive pay) for the pay period that included the 12th of the month. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including
wholesale trade, information, and financial activities.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at
34.5 hours in January. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime decreased by
0.1 hour to 40.8 hours and 3.5 hours, respectively. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7
hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
rose by 3 cents to $27.56, following a 10-cent gain in December. Over the year,
average hourly earnings have increased by 85 cents, or 3.2 percent. Average hourly
earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3
cents to $23.12 in January. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up from
+176,000 to +196,000, and the change for December was revised down from +312,000 to
+222,000. With these revisions, employment gains in November and December combined
were 70,000 less than previously reported. After revisions, job gains have averaged
241,000 per month over the last 3 months. (Monthly revisions result from additional
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process
also contributed to the November and December revisions.) 

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday,
March 8, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
	

   _____________________________________________________________________________
  |									        |
  |                     Partial Federal Government Shutdown		        |
  |										|
  |  Some federal government agencies were shut down or operating at reduced	|
  |  staffing levels during a lapse in appropriations from December 22, 2018,	|
  |  through January 25, 2019. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was		|
  |  funded during the shutdown period and was operating as usual. Data		|
  |  collection for the household and establishment surveys occurred as		|
  |  scheduled.									|
  |										|
  |  In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed,		|
  |  unemployed, or not in the labor force based on their answers to a series	|
  |  of questions about their activities during the survey reference week.	|
  |  Workers who indicated that they were not working during the entire		|
  |  survey reference week and expected to be recalled to their jobs should	|
  |  be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. In January 2019, there	|
  |  was an increase in the number of federal workers who were classified as	|
  |  unemployed on temporary layoff. However, there also was an increase in	|
  |  the number of federal workers who were classified as employed but absent	|
  |  from work. BLS analysis of the underlying data indicates that this group	|
  |  included federal workers affected by the shutdown who also should have	|
  |  been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. Such a			|
  |  misclassification is an example of nonsampling error and can occur when	|
  |  respondents misunderstand questions or interviewers record answers		|
  |  incorrectly. If the federal workers who were recorded as employed but	|
  |  absent from work had been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff,	|
  |  the overall unemployment rate would have been slightly higher than		|
  |  reported. However, according to usual practice, the data from the		|
  |  household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity,	|
  |  no ad hoc actions are taken to reassign survey responses. 			|
  |										|
  |  In the establishment survey, businesses and government agencies report the |
  |  number of people on payrolls during the pay period that includes the 12th  |
  |  of the month. Individuals who work or receive pay for any part of the pay  |
  |  period are	defined as employed. Federal employees on furlough during the   |
  |  partial federal government shutdown were considered employed in the        |
  |  establishment survey because they worked or received pay (or will receive  |
  |  pay) for the pay period that included the 12th of the month. Other workers |
  |  (including	federal contractors) who did not work or receive pay during the |
  |  partial federal government shutdown were not counted among the employed.	|
  |										|
  |  Additional information is available online at				|
  |  www.bls.gov/bls/shutdown_2019_empsit_qa.pdf.				|
  |_____________________________________________________________________________|	


	         Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today
have been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March
2018. These counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax
system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not seasonally adjusted data
from April 2017 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2014 forward are
subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2014, both
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted, incorporate other revisions.                           
                                                                
The total nonfarm employment level for March 2018 was revised downward by 1,000
(-16,000 on a not seasonally adjusted basis, or less than -0.05 percent). The
absolute average benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The effect of these revisions on the underlying trend in nonfarm payroll employment
was minor. For example, the over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2018
was revised from +2,638,000 to +2,674,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents
revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to
December 2018.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and
post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2018, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                    |                                
                 |                Level               |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |    As     |           |            |    As    |         |           
                 |previously |    As     | Difference |previously|   As    | Difference
                 |published  |  revised  |            |published | revised |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |          |         |           
       2018      |           |           |           |          |         |           
                 |           |           |           |          |         |           
 January.........|  147,801  |  147,767  |    -34    |    176   |    171  |     -5   
 February........|  148,125  |  148,097  |    -28    |    324   |    330  |      6   
 March...........|  148,280  |  148,279  |     -1    |    155   |    182  |     27   
 April...........|  148,455  |  148,475  |     20    |    175   |    196  |     21   
 May.............|  148,723  |  148,745  |     22    |    268   |    270  |      2   
 June............|  148,931  |  149,007  |     76    |    208   |    262  |     54   
 July............|  149,096  |  149,185  |     89    |    165   |    178  |     13   
 August..........|  149,382  |  149,467  |     85    |    286   |    282  |     -4   
 September.......|  149,501  |  149,575  |     74    |    119   |    108  |    -11   
 October.........|  149,775  |  149,852  |     77    |    274   |    277  |      3   
 November........|  149,951  |  150,048  |     97    |    176   |    196  |     20   
 December (p)....|  150,263  |  150,270  |      7    |    312   |    222  |    -90   
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


                Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey


Effective with data for January 2019, updated population estimates were incorporated into
the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the
U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new
information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the previous decennial
census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates results from adjustments
for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and estimation methodology
improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey
estimates for December 2018 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population
adjustments, however, differences in selected December 2018 labor force series based on
the old and new population estimates are shown in table B.

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population
in December by 800,000, the civilian labor force by 506,000, employment by 488,000,
unemployment by 18,000 and the number of persons not in the labor force was by 294,000.
The total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and labor force participation
rate were unaffected.

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability
of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new
population estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2018
and January 2019. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on
national labor force estimates is available at 
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf.



    Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2018 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Total
            Men
            Women
            White
            Black or 
 African 
 Ameri- 
 can
            Asian
            Hispanic or 
 Latino 
 ethnicity
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            -800
            -412
            -389
            -455
            -119
            -224
            -275

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            -506
            -281
            -226
            -303
            -67
            -134
            -183

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0.1
            0

        
        
                Employed
            -488
            -270
            -217
            -292
            -62
            -131
            -176

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0.1
            0

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 -18
        	-11
        	-8
        	-12
        	-4
        	-4
        	-8

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -294
            -131
            -164
            -153
            -53
            -90
            -91

        
    
    
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

				
			
		
    




    Table C. December 2018-January 2019 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Dec.-Jan. 
 change, as 
 published
            2019 
 population 
 control effect
            Dec.-Jan. change, after 
 removing the 
 population control 
 effect(1)
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            -649
            -800
            151

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            -11
            -506
            495

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0.1
            0
            0.1

        
        
                Employed
            -251
            -488
            237

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0.1
            0
            0.1

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 241
        	-18
        	259

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0.1
            0
            0.1

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -639
            -294
            -345

        
    
    
		
			
				
						(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

				
			
		
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2018 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Total	Men	Women	White	Black or African Ameri- can	Asian	Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	-800	-412	-389	-455	-119	-224	-275
Civilian labor force	-506	-281	-226	-303	-67	-134	-183
Participation rate	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0
Employed	-488	-270	-217	-292	-62	-131	-176
Employment-population ratio	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0
Unemployed	-18	-11	-8	-12	-4	-4	-8
Unemployment rate	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not in labor force	-294	-131	-164	-153	-53	-90	-91
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table C. December 2018-January 2019 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Dec.-Jan. change, as published	2019 population control effect	Dec.-Jan. change, after removing the population control effect(1)
Civilian noninstitutional population	-649	-800	151
Civilian labor force	-11	-506	495
Participation rate	0.1	0	0.1
Employed	-251	-488	237
Employment-population ratio	0.1	0	0.1
Unemployed	241	-18	259
Unemployment rate	0.1	0	0.1
Not in labor force	-639	-294	-345
(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Change from: Dec. 2018- Jan. 2019
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	256,780	258,708	258,888	258,239	-
Civilian labor force	161,123	162,821	163,240	163,229	-
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	63.1	63.2	-
Employed	154,482	156,803	156,945	156,694	-
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.6	60.6	60.7	-
Unemployed	6,641	6,018	6,294	6,535	-
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.0	-
Not in labor force	95,657	95,886	95,649	95,010	-

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.0	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.9	3.3	3.6	3.7	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	13.9	12.0	12.5	12.9	-
White	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	-
Black or African American	7.7	6.0	6.6	6.8	-
Asian	3.0	2.7	3.3	3.1	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.9	-

Total, 25 years and over	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.3	-
Less than a high school diploma	5.5	5.6	5.8	5.7	-
High school graduates, no college	4.4	3.5	3.8	3.8	-
Some college or associate degree	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.4	-

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,243	2,842	2,903	3,082	-
Job leavers	724	697	839	805	-
Reentrants	1,959	1,880	1,958	1,945	-
New entrants	638	577	588	606	-

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,271	2,128	2,126	2,325	-
5 to 14 weeks	1,927	1,842	2,027	2,013	-
15 to 26 weeks	959	865	897	902	-
27 weeks and over	1,428	1,259	1,306	1,252	-

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,982	4,781	4,657	5,147	-
Slack work or business conditions	3,006	2,882	2,891	3,451	-
Could only find part-time work	1,648	1,562	1,496	1,419	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,978	20,909	21,234	20,949	-

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,653	1,678	1,556	1,614	-
Discouraged workers	451	453	375	426	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	171	196	222	304
Total private	186	200	206	296
Goods-producing	56	29	53	72
Mining and logging	7	-3	5	7
Construction	33	5	28	52
Manufacturing	16	27	20	13
Durable goods(1)	17	16	17	20
Motor vehicles and parts	2.0	-1.9	1.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	-1	11	3	-7
Private service-providing	130	171	153	224
Wholesale trade	-2.3	11.3	10.9	4.7
Retail trade	2.4	32.5	-12.0	20.8
Transportation and warehousing	19.8	23.6	-4.9	26.6
Utilities	-1.5	0.3	-0.2	-0.5
Information	-9	-3	-4	-4
Financial activities	2	3	4	13
Professional and business services(1)	37	34	29	30
Temporary help services	-0.8	1.3	7.9	1.0
Education and health services(1)	65	29	67	55
Health care and social assistance	45.9	36.6	55.5	45.4
Leisure and hospitality	13	39	55	74
Other services	4	1	9	4
Government	-15	-4	16	8

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	188	194	232	241
Total private	188	198	230	234

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.7	49.7	49.7
Total private women employees	48.2	48.3	48.3	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.4	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$26.71	$27.43	$27.53	$27.56
Average weekly earnings	$918.82	$943.59	$949.79	$950.82
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	108.3	110.1	110.6	110.9
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	-0.2	0.5	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	138.2	144.4	145.6	146.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	58.1	61.6	66.3	61.0
Manufacturing (76 industries)	61.8	65.8	63.2	59.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	256,780	258,888	258,239	256,780	258,290	258,514	258,708	258,888	258,239
Civilian labor force	160,037	162,510	162,104	161,123	162,055	162,694	162,821	163,240	163,229
Participation rate	62.3	62.8	62.8	62.7	62.7	62.9	62.9	63.1	63.2
Employed	152,848	156,481	154,964	154,482	156,069	156,582	156,803	156,945	156,694
Employment-population ratio	59.5	60.4	60.0	60.2	60.4	60.6	60.6	60.6	60.7
Unemployed	7,189	6,029	7,140	6,641	5,986	6,112	6,018	6,294	6,535
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.7	4.4	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	96,743	96,378	96,135	95,657	96,235	95,821	95,886	95,649	95,010
Persons who currently want a job	5,364	5,121	5,435	5,165	5,266	5,333	5,397	5,327	5,254

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,173	125,227	124,890	124,173	124,928	125,041	125,137	125,227	124,890
Civilian labor force	85,125	85,857	85,829	85,911	85,912	86,146	86,330	86,441	86,577
Participation rate	68.6	68.6	68.7	69.2	68.8	68.9	69.0	69.0	69.3
Employed	81,046	82,440	81,798	82,279	82,686	82,894	83,194	83,041	83,031
Employment-population ratio	65.3	65.8	65.5	66.3	66.2	66.3	66.5	66.3	66.5
Unemployed	4,079	3,417	4,031	3,632	3,226	3,252	3,136	3,401	3,545
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.0	4.7	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.9	4.1
Not in labor force	39,048	39,370	39,060	38,263	39,016	38,895	38,807	38,785	38,313

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	115,669	116,739	116,436	115,669	116,437	116,546	116,646	116,739	116,436
Civilian labor force	82,431	83,101	83,139	82,915	83,104	83,277	83,408	83,500	83,599
Participation rate	71.3	71.2	71.4	71.7	71.4	71.5	71.5	71.5	71.8
Employed	78,761	80,036	79,504	79,719	80,251	80,388	80,633	80,501	80,472
Employment-population ratio	68.1	68.6	68.3	68.9	68.9	69.0	69.1	69.0	69.1
Unemployed	3,670	3,066	3,635	3,196	2,853	2,889	2,775	2,999	3,126
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.7	4.4	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.7
Not in labor force	33,238	33,638	33,296	32,755	33,333	33,269	33,238	33,239	32,837

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	132,607	133,662	133,350	132,607	133,362	133,474	133,571	133,662	133,350
Civilian labor force	74,912	76,654	76,275	75,213	76,143	76,548	76,492	76,798	76,652
Participation rate	56.5	57.3	57.2	56.7	57.1	57.4	57.3	57.5	57.5
Employed	71,802	74,041	73,166	72,203	73,383	73,688	73,609	73,904	73,663
Employment-population ratio	54.1	55.4	54.9	54.4	55.0	55.2	55.1	55.3	55.2
Unemployed	3,110	2,612	3,109	3,009	2,760	2,860	2,883	2,894	2,990
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.4	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9
Not in labor force	57,695	57,008	57,075	57,394	57,219	56,926	57,079	56,864	56,697

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,328	125,393	125,099	124,328	125,091	125,200	125,299	125,393	125,099
Civilian labor force	72,095	73,768	73,485	72,238	73,107	73,442	73,478	73,769	73,691
Participation rate	58.0	58.8	58.7	58.1	58.4	58.7	58.6	58.8	58.9
Employed	69,378	71,422	70,731	69,620	70,710	70,935	70,949	71,218	71,049
Employment-population ratio	55.8	57.0	56.5	56.0	56.5	56.7	56.6	56.8	56.8
Unemployed	2,717	2,345	2,754	2,618	2,398	2,507	2,529	2,550	2,642
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.2	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	52,234	51,625	51,615	52,090	51,984	51,757	51,821	51,624	51,408

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,783	16,756	16,704	16,783	16,762	16,768	16,763	16,756	16,704
Civilian labor force	5,511	5,641	5,480	5,970	5,843	5,974	5,935	5,971	5,939
Participation rate	32.8	33.7	32.8	35.6	34.9	35.6	35.4	35.6	35.6
Employed	4,709	5,023	4,729	5,143	5,108	5,258	5,221	5,226	5,172
Employment-population ratio	28.1	30.0	28.3	30.6	30.5	31.4	31.1	31.2	31.0
Unemployed	802	619	751	827	735	715	714	745	767
Unemployment rate	14.6	11.0	13.7	13.9	12.6	12.0	12.0	12.5	12.9
Not in labor force	11,271	11,115	11,224	10,812	10,918	10,795	10,828	10,785	10,765
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	199,738	200,774	200,382	199,738	200,476	200,596	200,690	200,774	200,382
Civilian labor force	124,547	126,072	125,516	125,318	125,617	126,100	126,334	126,680	126,351
Participation rate	62.4	62.8	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.9	63.0	63.1	63.1
Employed	119,640	121,900	120,542	120,899	121,507	121,923	122,036	122,318	121,880
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.7	60.2	60.5	60.6	60.8	60.8	60.9	60.8
Unemployed	4,907	4,173	4,974	4,419	4,110	4,177	4,299	4,362	4,471
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.3	4.0	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5
Not in labor force	75,191	74,702	74,866	74,420	74,858	74,496	74,355	74,094	74,030
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,344	65,822	65,684	65,703	65,661	65,771	65,961	66,110	66,051
Participation rate	71.5	71.6	71.6	71.9	71.5	71.6	71.8	71.9	72.0
Employed	62,743	63,649	63,112	63,502	63,664	63,785	63,960	64,046	63,890
Employment-population ratio	68.6	69.2	68.8	69.5	69.4	69.4	69.6	69.6	69.6
Unemployed	2,601	2,174	2,572	2,201	1,996	1,986	2,000	2,064	2,161
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.3	3.9	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,873	55,939	55,612	54,910	55,378	55,778	55,819	55,995	55,740
Participation rate	57.2	58.0	57.7	57.2	57.5	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.8
Employed	53,129	54,368	53,733	53,272	53,792	54,062	54,023	54,226	53,959
Employment-population ratio	55.3	56.3	55.8	55.5	55.8	56.1	56.0	56.2	56.0
Unemployed	1,744	1,571	1,879	1,638	1,586	1,716	1,796	1,769	1,781
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.8	3.4	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,330	4,311	4,219	4,705	4,578	4,551	4,554	4,575	4,560
Participation rate	35.1	35.1	34.4	38.1	37.2	37.0	37.0	37.2	37.2
Employed	3,768	3,883	3,697	4,125	4,051	4,076	4,052	4,047	4,031
Employment-population ratio	30.5	31.6	30.1	33.4	32.9	33.1	32.9	32.9	32.9
Unemployed	562	428	523	580	527	476	502	528	530
Unemployment rate	13.0	9.9	12.4	12.3	11.5	10.5	11.0	11.6	11.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,575	32,956	32,868	32,575	32,848	32,887	32,923	32,956	32,868
Civilian labor force	20,109	20,325	20,549	20,250	20,504	20,564	20,451	20,460	20,628
Participation rate	61.7	61.7	62.5	62.2	62.4	62.5	62.1	62.1	62.8
Employed	18,507	19,067	19,033	18,696	19,265	19,290	19,232	19,107	19,220
Employment-population ratio	56.8	57.9	57.9	57.4	58.6	58.7	58.4	58.0	58.5
Unemployed	1,602	1,257	1,516	1,554	1,239	1,274	1,219	1,353	1,408
Unemployment rate	8.0	6.2	7.4	7.7	6.0	6.2	6.0	6.6	6.8
Not in labor force	12,466	12,632	12,318	12,325	12,345	12,323	12,472	12,496	12,240
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,196	9,214	9,320	9,269	9,349	9,400	9,310	9,284	9,367
Participation rate	67.5	66.7	67.6	68.0	67.9	68.2	67.4	67.2	67.9
Employed	8,457	8,645	8,584	8,572	8,800	8,814	8,771	8,709	8,705
Employment-population ratio	62.1	62.5	62.2	62.9	63.9	63.9	63.5	63.0	63.1
Unemployed	739	570	736	697	549	586	539	575	662
Unemployment rate	8.0	6.2	7.9	7.5	5.9	6.2	5.8	6.2	7.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,210	10,329	10,433	10,224	10,422	10,327	10,303	10,359	10,419
Participation rate	62.1	62.1	62.8	62.2	62.8	62.2	62.0	62.2	62.8
Employed	9,518	9,779	9,820	9,549	9,874	9,825	9,789	9,749	9,847
Employment-population ratio	57.9	58.8	59.2	58.1	59.5	59.2	58.9	58.6	59.3
Unemployed	692	551	613	674	548	501	515	611	572
Unemployment rate	6.8	5.3	5.9	6.6	5.3	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	703	781	797	758	733	837	837	817	842
Participation rate	28.0	31.4	32.2	30.2	29.4	33.6	33.6	32.8	34.0
Employed	532	644	629	575	591	650	672	650	669
Employment-population ratio	21.2	25.9	25.4	22.9	23.7	26.1	27.0	26.1	27.0
Unemployed	171	137	168	183	141	187	165	167	173
Unemployment rate	24.3	17.5	21.0	24.1	19.3	22.4	19.7	20.5	20.6

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,731	16,138	16,034	15,731	16,011	16,030	16,096	16,138	16,034
Civilian labor force	9,855	10,250	10,264	9,889	10,303	10,280	10,334	10,262	10,298
Participation rate	62.6	63.5	64.0	62.9	64.3	64.1	64.2	63.6	64.2
Employed	9,548	9,928	9,938	9,587	9,943	9,956	10,050	9,929	9,978
Employment-population ratio	60.7	61.5	62.0	60.9	62.1	62.1	62.4	61.5	62.2
Unemployed	307	322	326	301	360	324	284	334	321
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.5	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1
Not in labor force	5,876	5,888	5,770	5,842	5,709	5,750	5,762	5,876	5,736
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,249	43,234	43,044	42,249	42,959	43,054	43,146	43,234	43,044
Civilian labor force	27,713	28,913	28,828	27,831	28,388	28,513	28,820	28,963	28,985
Participation rate	65.6	66.9	67.0	65.9	66.1	66.2	66.8	67.0	67.3
Employed	26,114	27,659	27,208	26,434	27,102	27,266	27,524	27,701	27,579
Employment-population ratio	61.8	64.0	63.2	62.6	63.1	63.3	63.8	64.1	64.1
Unemployed	1,599	1,255	1,620	1,397	1,287	1,248	1,296	1,261	1,406
Unemployment rate	5.8	4.3	5.6	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.9
Not in labor force	14,536	14,321	14,217	14,418	14,571	14,541	14,326	14,271	14,060
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,281	15,639	15,657	15,327	15,424	15,448	15,595	15,651	15,699
Participation rate	80.2	80.1	80.6	80.4	79.5	79.5	80.1	80.2	80.8
Employed	14,448	15,042	14,848	14,660	14,832	14,854	15,063	15,107	15,066
Employment-population ratio	75.8	77.1	76.4	76.9	76.5	76.4	77.3	77.4	77.6
Unemployed	833	596	809	667	592	594	533	544	633
Unemployment rate	5.4	3.8	5.2	4.4	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.5	4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,243	11,996	11,945	11,257	11,689	11,767	11,857	12,002	11,968
Participation rate	58.3	60.8	60.8	58.4	59.6	59.9	60.2	60.8	60.9
Employed	10,683	11,511	11,332	10,736	11,188	11,266	11,308	11,487	11,396
Employment-population ratio	55.4	58.3	57.6	55.7	57.0	57.3	57.4	58.2	58.0
Unemployed	560	485	613	521	501	501	550	515	572
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.0	5.1	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,189	1,278	1,226	1,248	1,276	1,298	1,367	1,310	1,318
Participation rate	30.4	32.2	31.0	31.9	32.3	32.8	34.5	33.0	33.3
Employed	982	1,105	1,028	1,038	1,082	1,145	1,154	1,107	1,117
Employment-population ratio	25.1	27.8	26.0	26.6	27.4	28.9	29.1	27.9	28.2
Unemployed	207	173	198	210	193	153	214	202	201
Unemployment rate	17.4	13.6	16.1	16.8	15.2	11.8	15.6	15.4	15.2
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,433	10,265	10,169	10,277	10,204	10,268	10,191	10,283	10,065
Participation rate	45.5	46.0	45.7	44.8	46.1	47.8	46.7	46.1	45.2
Employed	9,695	9,604	9,419	9,716	9,635	9,658	9,619	9,683	9,489
Employment-population ratio	42.2	43.1	42.3	42.3	43.5	44.9	44.0	43.4	42.6
Unemployed	738	661	750	561	569	610	572	600	576
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.4	7.4	5.5	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.8	5.7

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,395	36,011	35,968	35,757	36,213	36,103	35,901	36,154	36,301
Participation rate	57.0	57.8	57.9	57.5	57.5	57.6	57.6	58.1	58.5
Employed	33,589	34,631	34,413	34,170	34,856	34,650	34,631	34,776	34,937
Employment-population ratio	54.0	55.6	55.4	55.0	55.3	55.3	55.6	55.9	56.3
Unemployed	1,806	1,380	1,554	1,587	1,357	1,454	1,271	1,377	1,363
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.8	4.3	4.4	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.8

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,792	37,132	37,307	37,882	37,390	37,531	37,471	37,175	37,339
Participation rate	65.8	65.6	65.4	66.0	65.2	65.2	65.3	65.7	65.5
Employed	36,411	35,952	35,939	36,596	36,200	36,392	36,293	35,954	36,071
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.5	63.0	63.8	63.1	63.2	63.2	63.5	63.2
Unemployed	1,380	1,180	1,368	1,286	1,189	1,139	1,178	1,222	1,268
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.2	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	55,885	58,701	58,338	55,909	57,294	57,968	58,451	58,701	58,472
Participation rate	73.3	73.6	73.8	73.4	73.6	73.5	73.8	73.6	74.0
Employed	54,649	57,519	56,897	54,705	56,167	56,782	57,150	57,442	57,078
Employment-population ratio	71.7	72.1	72.0	71.8	72.2	72.0	72.1	72.0	72.2
Unemployed	1,235	1,182	1,441	1,204	1,127	1,186	1,301	1,260	1,395
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,376	18,995	17,518	17,120	1,858	1,875
Civilian labor force	9,426	9,369	8,353	8,224	1,073	1,145
Participation rate	48.6	49.3	47.7	48.0	57.8	61.1
Employed	9,046	9,025	8,012	7,911	1,034	1,115
Employment-population ratio	46.7	47.5	45.7	46.2	55.7	59.4
Unemployed	380	344	341	313	39	31
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.6	2.7
Not in labor force	9,950	9,626	9,165	8,896	785	730

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,116	4,276	3,446	3,597	670	679
Civilian labor force	3,297	3,480	2,861	3,008	436	472
Participation rate	80.1	81.4	83.0	83.6	65.1	69.6
Employed	3,163	3,333	2,739	2,867	425	466
Employment-population ratio	76.9	78.0	79.5	79.7	63.4	68.7
Unemployed	134	147	122	141	11	6
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.7	2.6	1.2
Not in labor force	819	796	585	589	234	207

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,045	3,050	2,537	2,517	508	533
Civilian labor force	2,370	2,350	2,000	1,960	370	390
Participation rate	77.8	77.0	78.8	77.9	72.9	73.2
Employed	2,263	2,290	1,908	1,909	355	381
Employment-population ratio	74.3	75.1	75.2	75.8	69.9	71.5
Unemployed	107	60	92	51	15	9
Unemployment rate	4.5	2.6	4.6	2.6	4.1	2.3
Not in labor force	675	700	537	557	138	143

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,821	7,400	7,555	7,146	266	254
Civilian labor force	1,623	1,559	1,570	1,505	52	54
Participation rate	20.7	21.1	20.8	21.1	19.7	21.1
Employed	1,568	1,499	1,516	1,448	52	51
Employment-population ratio	20.1	20.3	20.1	20.3	19.7	19.9
Unemployed	54	60	54	57	0	3
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.9	3.5	3.8	-	-
Not in labor force	6,198	5,841	5,985	5,641	214	200

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,394	4,269	3,980	3,860	414	409
Civilian labor force	2,136	1,980	1,922	1,751	215	229
Participation rate	48.6	46.4	48.3	45.4	51.8	56.0
Employed	2,052	1,903	1,849	1,687	202	216
Employment-population ratio	46.7	44.6	46.5	43.7	48.8	52.9
Unemployed	85	77	72	64	12	13
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.6	5.8	5.6
Not in labor force	2,258	2,289	2,058	2,109	199	180

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	228,181	230,436	101,942	103,299	126,239	127,137
Civilian labor force	148,592	150,990	75,842	76,773	72,750	74,217
Participation rate	65.1	65.5	74.4	74.3	57.6	58.4
Employed	142,078	144,447	72,218	73,180	69,860	71,268
Employment-population ratio	62.3	62.7	70.8	70.8	55.3	56.1
Unemployed	6,514	6,543	3,624	3,593	2,890	2,950
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.3	4.8	4.7	4.0	4.0
Not in labor force	79,589	79,446	26,100	26,527	53,489	52,920
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,404	30,080	227,376	228,160
Civilian labor force	5,987	6,180	154,050	155,924
Participation rate	20.4	20.5	67.8	68.3
Employed	5,460	5,625	147,388	149,339
Employment-population ratio	18.6	18.7	64.8	65.5
Unemployed	527	556	6,662	6,585
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.0	4.3	4.2
Not in labor force	23,417	23,899	73,326	72,236

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,587	2,648	77,314	77,564
Participation rate	35.8	35.2	82.0	82.5
Employed	2,337	2,387	73,686	74,014
Employment-population ratio	32.4	31.7	78.1	78.8
Unemployed	250	260	3,628	3,550
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.8	4.7	4.6
Not in labor force	4,632	4,885	17,000	16,420

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,321	2,381	68,309	69,186
Participation rate	30.4	30.9	70.4	71.4
Employed	2,108	2,156	65,554	66,509
Employment-population ratio	27.6	28.0	67.5	68.6
Unemployed	213	224	2,755	2,677
Unemployment rate	9.2	9.4	4.0	3.9
Not in labor force	5,314	5,333	28,777	27,706

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,079	1,151	8,427	9,174
Participation rate	7.4	7.8	23.4	24.6
Employed	1,016	1,081	8,147	8,817
Employment-population ratio	7.0	7.3	22.6	23.6
Unemployed	63	71	279	357
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	3.3	3.9
Not in labor force	13,471	13,681	27,550	28,110
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,625	42,909	20,580	20,969	22,045	21,940
Civilian labor force	27,754	28,686	15,938	16,455	11,816	12,231
Participation rate	65.1	66.9	77.4	78.5	53.6	55.7
Employed	26,453	27,381	15,257	15,720	11,196	11,661
Employment-population ratio	62.1	63.8	74.1	75.0	50.8	53.1
Unemployed	1,300	1,305	681	734	620	571
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.5	5.2	4.7
Not in labor force	14,871	14,223	4,642	4,514	10,229	9,708

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	214,156	215,331	103,593	103,921	110,562	111,410
Civilian labor force	132,283	133,419	69,187	69,375	63,096	64,044
Participation rate	61.8	62.0	66.8	66.8	57.1	57.5
Employed	126,395	127,583	65,789	66,078	60,606	61,505
Employment-population ratio	59.0	59.2	63.5	63.6	54.8	55.2
Unemployed	5,889	5,835	3,398	3,297	2,491	2,538
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.8	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	81,872	81,912	34,406	34,546	47,466	47,366
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,297	2,393	2,414	2,480	2,478	2,418	2,556	2,522	2,576
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,538	1,659	1,644	1,677	1,661	1,674	1,772	1,747	1,778
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	732	708	746	783	813	722	768	752	787
Unpaid family workers	27	26	24	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	150,551	154,088	152,550	152,030	153,634	154,135	154,297	154,520	154,177
Wage and salary workers(1)	141,666	145,063	143,834	142,968	144,480	145,071	145,313	145,478	145,251
Government	21,109	20,709	20,800	20,867	20,753	21,186	21,054	20,677	20,614
Private industries	120,557	124,354	123,034	122,089	123,773	124,063	124,365	124,787	124,657
Private households	701	879	799	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	119,855	123,474	122,234	121,402	122,968	123,239	123,512	123,904	123,861
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,838	8,973	8,672	9,014	8,957	8,949	8,889	9,031	8,855
Unpaid family workers	47	52	44	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,474	4,740	5,640	4,982	4,656	4,630	4,781	4,657	5,147
Slack work or business conditions	3,363	2,984	3,888	3,006	2,807	2,837	2,882	2,891	3,451
Could only find part-time work	1,666	1,456	1,418	1,648	1,471	1,461	1,562	1,496	1,419
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,916	21,726	20,734	20,978	21,404	21,448	20,909	21,234	20,949
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,380	4,621	5,543	4,929	4,575	4,549	4,726	4,580	5,079
Slack work or business conditions	3,311	2,909	3,841	2,965	2,767	2,779	2,843	2,816	3,418
Could only find part-time work	1,662	1,435	1,398	1,643	1,462	1,453	1,571	1,473	1,401
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,516	21,349	20,340	20,533	21,002	21,083	20,521	20,826	20,548
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	152,848	156,481	154,964	154,482	156,069	156,582	156,803	156,945	156,694
16 to 19 years	4,709	5,023	4,729	5,143	5,108	5,258	5,221	5,226	5,172
16 to 17 years	1,724	1,695	1,492	1,914	1,765	1,954	1,915	1,784	1,674
18 to 19 years	2,986	3,328	3,237	3,224	3,299	3,305	3,295	3,441	3,459
20 years and over	148,139	151,458	150,235	149,339	150,961	151,324	151,582	151,720	151,522
20 to 24 years	13,794	13,753	13,567	14,149	14,022	13,897	13,942	13,885	13,911
25 years and over	134,345	137,706	136,668	135,189	136,887	137,504	137,615	137,786	137,605
25 to 54 years	99,157	100,845	100,208	99,704	100,333	100,892	100,844	100,833	100,787
25 to 34 years	34,559	35,664	35,392	34,809	35,511	35,693	35,672	35,689	35,665
35 to 44 years	32,231	32,884	32,732	32,381	32,501	32,857	32,796	32,881	32,902
45 to 54 years	32,367	32,298	32,084	32,514	32,320	32,343	32,376	32,263	32,221
55 years and over	35,188	36,860	36,460	35,485	36,554	36,612	36,771	36,954	36,817

Men, 16 years and over	81,046	82,440	81,798	82,279	82,686	82,894	83,194	83,041	83,031
16 to 19 years	2,286	2,404	2,294	2,560	2,435	2,506	2,561	2,540	2,559
16 to 17 years	817	777	708	917	779	895	848	848	805
18 to 19 years	1,469	1,627	1,586	1,636	1,640	1,621	1,711	1,686	1,735
20 years and over	78,761	80,036	79,504	79,719	80,251	80,388	80,633	80,501	80,472
20 to 24 years	7,079	6,934	6,868	7,329	7,162	7,082	7,089	7,044	7,101
25 years and over	71,682	73,102	72,636	72,418	73,021	73,331	73,519	73,435	73,398
25 to 54 years	52,996	53,612	53,358	53,450	53,575	53,789	53,933	53,774	53,808
25 to 34 years	18,630	19,084	18,958	18,794	19,123	19,169	19,201	19,165	19,132
35 to 44 years	17,277	17,645	17,600	17,453	17,512	17,625	17,664	17,701	17,772
45 to 54 years	17,089	16,883	16,799	17,202	16,941	16,995	17,068	16,908	16,904
55 years and over	18,686	19,490	19,278	18,968	19,445	19,542	19,587	19,661	19,591

Women, 16 years and over	71,802	74,041	73,166	72,203	73,383	73,688	73,609	73,904	73,663
16 to 19 years	2,424	2,619	2,435	2,583	2,674	2,753	2,660	2,686	2,613
16 to 17 years	907	918	784	997	986	1,059	1,067	936	869
18 to 19 years	1,517	1,701	1,651	1,588	1,659	1,684	1,584	1,755	1,723
20 years and over	69,378	71,422	70,731	69,620	70,710	70,935	70,949	71,218	71,049
20 to 24 years	6,715	6,819	6,699	6,820	6,860	6,816	6,853	6,841	6,810
25 years and over	62,663	64,604	64,031	62,771	63,866	64,173	64,096	64,352	64,206
25 to 54 years	46,161	47,233	46,850	46,254	46,757	47,103	46,912	47,059	46,979
25 to 34 years	15,929	16,580	16,433	16,014	16,388	16,524	16,471	16,524	16,533
35 to 44 years	14,954	15,238	15,132	14,928	14,989	15,231	15,132	15,180	15,130
45 to 54 years	15,278	15,415	15,285	15,312	15,379	15,348	15,308	15,355	15,317
55 years and over	16,502	17,371	17,181	16,517	17,109	17,070	17,184	17,293	17,227

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,442	45,720	45,494	45,741	45,972	46,192	46,204	45,984	45,819
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,624	36,603	36,420	35,724	36,041	36,089	36,220	36,379	36,504
Women who maintain families(2)	9,652	9,667	9,491	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	125,435	129,143	128,166	127,045	128,958	129,255	129,774	129,913	129,837
Part-time workers(4)	27,413	27,338	26,799	27,295	27,120	27,311	27,017	26,994	26,752

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,751	8,030	7,749	7,860	7,717	7,873	7,749	7,866	7,850
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,958	6,085	5,965	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,570	9,682	9,418	9,797	9,770	9,671	9,657	9,783	9,642
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,641	6,294	6,535	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0
16 to 19 years	827	745	767	13.9	12.6	12.0	12.0	12.5	12.9
16 to 17 years	329	286	282	14.7	13.8	10.6	13.2	13.8	14.4
18 to 19 years	496	476	479	13.3	12.1	12.9	11.5	12.1	12.2
20 years and over	5,814	5,549	5,768	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.7
20 to 24 years	1,124	1,074	1,143	7.4	6.9	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.6
25 years and over	4,698	4,454	4,640	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.3
25 to 54 years	3,598	3,377	3,425	3.5	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3
25 to 34 years	1,564	1,460	1,464	4.3	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.9
35 to 44 years	1,032	942	984	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9
45 to 54 years	1,002	975	978	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.9
55 years and over	1,102	1,090	1,207	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.2

Men, 16 years and over	3,632	3,401	3,545	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.9	4.1
16 to 19 years	436	402	419	14.6	13.3	12.6	12.3	13.7	14.1
16 to 17 years	138	148	149	13.1	14.6	11.1	14.8	14.9	15.6
18 to 19 years	287	269	261	14.9	12.9	13.5	11.1	13.7	13.1
20 years and over	3,196	2,999	3,126	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.7
20 to 24 years	645	597	652	8.1	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.8	8.4
25 years and over	2,553	2,375	2,492	3.4	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,901	1,775	1,818	3.4	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.3
25 to 34 years	800	730	795	4.1	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.7	4.0
35 to 44 years	549	517	526	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9
45 to 54 years	552	528	497	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.6	3.0	2.9
55 years and over	652	600	673	3.3	2.9	2.6	2.9	3.0	3.3

Women, 16 years and over	3,009	2,894	2,990	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9
16 to 19 years	391	343	347	13.1	11.9	11.4	11.7	11.3	11.7
16 to 17 years	191	138	133	16.1	13.1	10.1	11.9	12.9	13.3
18 to 19 years	208	207	218	11.6	11.3	12.3	12.0	10.5	11.2
20 years and over	2,618	2,550	2,642	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6
20 to 24 years	479	477	491	6.6	6.3	6.1	5.8	6.5	6.7
25 years and over	2,145	2,080	2,148	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2
25 to 54 years	1,697	1,602	1,607	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.3
25 to 34 years	764	730	669	4.6	3.5	3.6	4.1	4.2	3.9
35 to 44 years	483	425	458	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9
45 to 54 years	450	447	480	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.0
55 years and over	425	501	515	2.5	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,068	964	992	2.3	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	887	866	912	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	666	453	539	6.5	5.1	5.3	5.4	4.5	5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,331	4,951	5,415	4.0	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.7	4.0
Part-time workers(4)	1,339	1,353	1,176	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.2
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,891	2,947	3,791	3,243	2,796	2,858	2,842	2,903	3,082
On temporary layoff	1,333	834	1,432	908	812	793	804	762	937
Not on temporary layoff	2,558	2,113	2,359	2,335	1,984	2,066	2,038	2,141	2,144
Permanent job losers	1,756	1,415	1,536	1,631	1,257	1,365	1,337	1,432	1,427
Persons who completed temporary jobs	802	698	823	703	727	701	701	710	717
Job leavers	715	775	804	724	739	731	697	839	805
Reentrants	2,013	1,810	1,999	1,959	1,889	1,914	1,880	1,958	1,945
New entrants	571	496	547	638	588	605	577	588	606

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	54.1	48.9	53.1	49.4	46.5	46.8	47.4	46.2	47.9
On temporary layoff	18.5	13.8	20.1	13.8	13.5	13.0	13.4	12.1	14.6
Not on temporary layoff	35.6	35.0	33.0	35.6	33.0	33.8	34.0	34.1	33.3
Job leavers	9.9	12.9	11.3	11.0	12.3	12.0	11.6	13.3	12.5
Reentrants	28.0	30.0	28.0	29.8	31.4	31.3	31.4	31.1	30.2
New entrants	7.9	8.2	7.7	9.7	9.8	9.9	9.6	9.3	9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.4	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.9
Job leavers	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,655	2,050	2,751	2,271	2,065	2,062	2,128	2,126	2,325
5 to 14 weeks	2,064	1,901	2,169	1,927	1,751	1,845	1,842	2,027	2,013
15 weeks and over	2,470	2,078	2,221	2,387	2,240	2,229	2,124	2,203	2,153
15 to 26 weeks	972	859	905	959	861	859	865	897	902
27 weeks and over	1,498	1,219	1,316	1,428	1,379	1,370	1,259	1,306	1,252

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.7	21.5	19.2	23.9	24.1	22.4	21.7	21.8	20.5
Median duration, in weeks	8.9	8.9	8.3	9.4	9.3	9.4	9.0	9.1	8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	36.9	34.0	38.5	34.5	34.1	33.6	34.9	33.4	35.8
5 to 14 weeks	28.7	31.5	30.4	29.3	28.9	30.1	30.2	31.9	31.0
15 weeks and over	34.4	34.5	31.1	36.3	37.0	36.3	34.9	34.7	33.2
15 to 26 weeks	13.5	14.2	12.7	14.6	14.2	14.0	14.2	14.1	13.9
27 weeks and over	20.8	20.2	18.4	21.7	22.8	22.3	20.7	20.5	19.3
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	152,848	154,964	7,189	7,140	4.5	4.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,123	63,818	1,374	1,607	2.2	2.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,480	26,733	513	676	2.0	2.5
Professional and related occupations	36,643	37,085	861	931	2.3	2.4
Service occupations	25,725	25,770	1,617	1,504	5.9	5.5
Sales and office occupations	33,454	33,159	1,495	1,514	4.3	4.4
Sales and related occupations	15,725	15,438	754	731	4.6	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	17,729	17,721	741	783	4.0	4.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,212	14,277	1,078	1,081	7.1	7.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,090	1,119	166	257	13.2	18.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,226	8,453	755	689	8.4	7.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,897	4,705	157	136	3.1	2.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,334	17,940	1,050	870	5.7	4.6
Production occupations	8,495	8,417	401	372	4.5	4.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,839	9,522	649	498	6.8	5.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,189	7,140	4.5	4.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,622	5,401	4.5	4.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	29	44	4.1	5.3
Construction	707	638	7.3	6.4
Manufacturing	526	533	3.4	3.3
Durable goods	318	334	3.3	3.3
Nondurable goods	207	199	3.7	3.4
Wholesale and retail trade	1,081	942	5.3	4.8
Transportation and utilities	232	253	3.5	3.6
Information	146	120	5.3	4.7
Financial activities	216	242	2.2	2.4
Professional and business services	849	847	5.0	4.9
Education and health services	641	648	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	903	875	6.8	6.4
Other services	293	259	4.4	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	168	257	10.0	14.1
Government workers	474	567	2.2	2.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	354	369	3.5	3.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Jan. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.4	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.5	3.7	4.4	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.8	3.9	4.7	4.4	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.5	4.6	5.3	5.1	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.9	7.5	8.8	8.2	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.6	8.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2018	Jan. 2019
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	96,743	96,135	39,048	39,060	57,695	57,075
Persons who currently want a job	5,364	5,435	2,427	2,610	2,937	2,825
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,653	1,614	917	802	736	813
Discouraged workers(2)	451	426	282	240	169	186
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,202	1,188	635	561	567	627

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,751	7,749	3,931	3,846	3,820	3,904
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.7	5.3	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,207	4,452	2,330	2,399	1,877	2,053
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,042	1,879	762	636	1,280	1,243
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	339	249	207	183	132	66
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,109	1,133	600	619	509	514
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Change from: Dec.2018 - Jan.2019(p)
Total nonfarm	145,428	151,375	151,182	148,201	147,767	150,048	150,270	150,574	304
Total private	123,203	128,415	128,332	125,851	125,393	127,566	127,772	128,068	296
Goods-producing	19,883	20,991	20,879	20,542	20,386	20,921	20,974	21,046	72

Mining and logging	686	751	752	746	699	748	753	760	7
Logging	49.2	47.4	47.6	46.4	50.6	46.5	47.4	47.5	0.1
Mining	637.2	703.4	704.7	700.0	648.8	701.0	705.4	712.3	6.9
Oil and gas extraction	140.0	148.6	148.3	148.7	141.2	147.9	148.3	149.9	1.6
Mining, except oil and gas	181.4	194.7	193.0	189.2	188.3	194.1	195.1	195.8	0.7
Coal mining	50.8	52.3	53.0	52.7	50.9	52.3	52.8	52.7	-0.1
Metal ore mining	40.5	40.7	40.9	40.8	40.7	41.0	41.0	41.1	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	90.1	101.7	99.1	95.7	96.7	100.8	101.3	102.1	0.8
Support activities for mining	315.8	360.1	363.4	362.1	319.3	359.0	362.0	366.6	4.6

Construction	6,729	7,457	7,314	7,069	7,126	7,384	7,412	7,464	52
Construction of buildings	1,526.4	1,658.3	1,644.5	1,605.3	1,581.4	1,648.1	1,652.7	1,660.7	8.0
Residential building	749.6	827.1	825.4	806.8	778.9	822.0	826.0	834.8	8.8
Nonresidential building	776.8	831.2	819.1	798.5	802.5	826.1	826.7	825.9	-0.8
Heavy and civil engineering construction	897.8	1,089.3	1,033.5	972.7	1,017.1	1,071.7	1,080.6	1,090.8	10.2
Specialty trade contractors	4,305.2	4,709.1	4,635.6	4,491.4	4,527.9	4,663.8	4,678.4	4,712.7	34.3
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,891.6	2,067.1	2,025.4	1,967.6	1,989.4	2,050.3	2,049.1	2,064.2	15.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,413.6	2,642.0	2,610.2	2,523.8	2,538.5	2,613.5	2,629.3	2,648.5	19.2

Manufacturing	12,468	12,783	12,813	12,727	12,561	12,789	12,809	12,822	13

Durable goods	7,798	8,018	8,045	8,019	7,838	8,022	8,039	8,059	20
Wood products	396.3	409.4	406.1	403.9	400.9	408.9	406.3	409.4	3.1
Nonmetallic mineral products	398.3	419.0	415.5	407.1	412.7	418.0	419.2	421.3	2.1
Primary metals	375.2	380.2	384.3	383.3	375.1	381.1	382.3	383.2	0.9
Fabricated metal products	1,439.4	1,475.3	1,482.3	1,478.2	1,445.3	1,476.2	1,481.5	1,484.5	3.0
Machinery	1,097.2	1,132.0	1,137.7	1,138.0	1,098.9	1,134.6	1,137.5	1,140.2	2.7
Computer and electronic products	1,043.4	1,061.4	1,068.4	1,066.4	1,047.0	1,063.4	1,067.2	1,069.9	2.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	155.1	157.7	157.9	159.6	155.9	157.9	157.9	159.9	2.0
Communications equipment	86.0	85.8	86.6	84.4	86.2	85.8	86.4	84.7	-1.7
Semiconductors and electronic components	364.4	370.3	372.4	373.9	366.2	371.3	372.2	375.7	3.5
Electronic instruments	404.2	413.6	416.9	416.0	404.8	414.8	416.5	416.8	0.3
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.7	34.0	34.6	32.5	33.9	33.7	34.2	32.7	-1.5
Electrical equipment and appliances	390.4	404.2	406.4	405.3	391.6	404.6	406.0	406.7	0.7
Transportation equipment(1)	1,669.5	1,728.6	1,735.6	1,734.2	1,671.4	1,728.7	1,732.0	1,735.6	3.6
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	983.3	1,004.0	1,008.7	1,005.1	984.0	1,003.9	1,005.7	1,006.4	0.7
Furniture and related products	391.4	394.1	394.6	393.0	393.8	395.1	394.6	395.1	0.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	596.9	613.9	614.1	609.2	600.9	611.5	612.8	613.2	0.4

Nondurable goods	4,670	4,765	4,768	4,708	4,723	4,767	4,770	4,763	-7
Food manufacturing	1,586.2	1,628.8	1,628.4	1,602.4	1,610.6	1,630.1	1,630.2	1,628.2	-2.0
Textile mills	112.2	112.9	113.0	111.6	112.5	112.6	112.6	111.9	-0.7
Textile product mills	115.7	116.0	116.3	114.0	116.3	115.7	116.1	114.6	-1.5
Apparel	114.1	109.7	108.7	108.9	115.3	109.1	108.4	109.8	1.4
Paper and paper products	362.4	368.4	370.6	367.4	363.7	369.2	370.6	368.9	-1.7
Printing and related support activities	431.5	429.4	427.5	421.0	434.2	427.4	425.1	423.8	-1.3
Petroleum and coal products	110.3	114.6	114.6	112.3	114.3	115.1	116.6	116.5	-0.1
Chemicals	829.3	847.2	850.2	844.0	832.0	849.5	847.9	847.6	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products	722.7	735.9	738.4	730.6	727.8	736.2	737.7	735.5	-2.2
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	286.0	301.8	300.5	296.0	296.4	302.1	304.7	306.0	1.3

Private service-providing	103,320	107,424	107,453	105,309	105,007	106,645	106,798	107,022	224

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,339	28,387	28,506	27,657	27,502	27,783	27,776	27,828	52

Wholesale trade	5,778.6	5,903.1	5,913.9	5,860.0	5,824.1	5,888.8	5,899.7	5,904.4	4.7
Durable goods	3,109.1	3,181.6	3,194.9	3,177.2	3,127.3	3,180.6	3,189.0	3,195.4	6.4
Nondurable goods	2,124.9	2,168.5	2,166.5	2,134.7	2,149.4	2,157.2	2,160.3	2,158.1	-2.2
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	544.6	553.0	552.5	548.1	547.4	551.0	550.4	550.9	0.5

Retail trade	15,718.6	16,291.3	16,300.9	15,743.0	15,809.4	15,826.9	15,814.9	15,835.7	20.8
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,990.9	2,028.1	2,025.8	2,012.8	2,011.7	2,027.7	2,033.5	2,034.1	0.6
Automobile dealers	1,288.8	1,302.4	1,303.5	1,296.8	1,295.7	1,300.7	1,304.8	1,303.9	-0.9
Other motor vehicle dealers	147.9	154.2	152.3	149.8	158.5	159.0	159.9	160.5	0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	554.2	571.5	570.0	566.2	557.6	568.0	568.8	569.6	0.8
Furniture and home furnishings stores	484.8	500.2	507.1	494.8	478.8	483.4	484.9	487.5	2.6
Electronics and appliance stores	503.7	484.7	482.7	479.3	491.9	468.8	468.8	470.3	1.5
Building material and garden supply stores	1,238.8	1,270.5	1,264.4	1,236.4	1,302.4	1,300.0	1,300.3	1,300.6	0.3
Food and beverage stores	3,066.2	3,122.9	3,137.5	3,094.9	3,082.9	3,099.4	3,106.1	3,109.0	2.9
Health and personal care stores	1,069.9	1,082.9	1,090.1	1,066.6	1,065.0	1,064.8	1,064.2	1,061.5	-2.7
Gasoline stations	918.0	942.6	939.2	935.6	931.2	939.4	942.6	948.0	5.4
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,365.7	1,479.4	1,479.9	1,354.7	1,359.0	1,351.7	1,349.8	1,350.5	0.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	599.9	591.5	596.2	567.1	597.7	547.0	543.2	560.6	17.4
General merchandise stores	3,112.6	3,333.6	3,316.2	3,101.3	3,094.7	3,128.3	3,100.4	3,088.3	-12.1
Department stores	1,175.6	1,270.7	1,278.1	1,159.1	1,154.0	1,157.5	1,141.6	1,138.8	-2.8
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,937.0	2,062.9	2,038.1	1,942.2	1,940.7	1,970.8	1,958.7	1,949.5	-9.2
Miscellaneous store retailers	804.7	854.6	858.9	825.6	828.4	839.7	844.7	847.9	3.2
Nonstore retailers	563.4	600.3	602.9	573.9	565.7	576.7	576.4	577.4	1.0

Transportation and warehousing	5,289.6	5,638.3	5,735.7	5,502.6	5,314.7	5,512.1	5,507.2	5,533.8	26.6
Air transportation	492.5	502.5	504.8	505.5	496.8	504.6	506.9	509.3	2.4
Rail transportation	210.3	217.0	217.0	215.2	212.4	216.5	217.2	217.3	0.1
Water transportation	62.9	64.0	63.7	63.1	65.0	64.8	64.8	65.1	0.3
Truck transportation	1,444.2	1,518.1	1,511.3	1,486.9	1,472.0	1,508.3	1,511.3	1,514.9	3.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	496.5	504.0	503.5	496.1	485.9	487.6	487.9	486.3	-1.6
Pipeline transportation	47.8	47.8	47.8	47.7	48.0	48.0	47.8	47.8	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.7	30.3	29.3	24.8	35.0	34.9	35.0	35.0	0.0
Support activities for transportation	696.4	725.1	727.1	716.2	702.4	722.5	722.0	721.9	-0.1
Couriers and messengers	723.3	822.1	925.3	765.3	699.7	750.7	741.9	748.7	6.8
Warehousing and storage	1,091.0	1,207.4	1,205.9	1,181.8	1,097.5	1,174.2	1,172.4	1,187.5	15.1

Utilities	552.0	554.2	555.5	551.7	554.1	554.8	554.6	554.1	-0.5

Information	2,772	2,854	2,834	2,779	2,812	2,829	2,825	2,821	-4
Publishing industries, except Internet	727.8	737.2	735.7	729.2	730.5	734.2	732.5	732.1	-0.4
Motion picture and sound recording industries	400.3	449.1	436.1	403.1	429.8	433.2	436.9	434.6	-2.3
Broadcasting, except Internet	267.6	274.1	271.8	266.6	268.9	271.9	269.7	267.8	-1.9
Telecommunications	758.7	743.3	738.8	729.6	760.8	740.1	734.3	732.3	-2.0
Data processing, hosting and related services	322.5	331.1	330.0	332.0	324.9	331.6	331.0	334.1	3.1
Other information services	295.3	318.7	322.0	318.7	296.9	318.3	320.1	320.5	0.4

Financial activities	8,448	8,609	8,623	8,574	8,502	8,614	8,618	8,631	13
Finance and insurance	6,266.4	6,336.9	6,339.1	6,317.0	6,279.5	6,332.8	6,329.8	6,332.7	2.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.2	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.3	19.6	19.6	19.7	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,638.5	2,641.8	2,642.0	2,634.8	2,642.2	2,643.2	2,639.9	2,639.9	0.0
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,710.8	1,710.4	1,712.2	1,713.2	1,712.3	1,714.2	1,714.2	1,715.0	0.8
Commercial banking	1,319.7	1,313.1	1,313.5	1,313.9	1,320.6	1,316.3	1,315.3	1,315.2	-0.1
Nondepository credit intermediation	617.3	621.7	620.5	613.0	618.6	619.6	617.3	615.5	-1.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	310.4	309.7	309.3	308.6	311.3	309.4	308.4	309.5	1.1
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	941.3	968.1	969.5	963.4	946.2	967.4	968.2	969.0	0.8
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,667.4	2,707.4	2,708.0	2,699.2	2,671.8	2,702.6	2,702.1	2,704.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,181.2	2,272.5	2,283.4	2,256.8	2,222.9	2,280.7	2,288.2	2,297.9	9.7
Real estate	1,614.9	1,675.6	1,688.2	1,669.6	1,636.3	1,677.5	1,684.4	1,690.1	5.7
Rental and leasing services	544.5	573.5	571.7	564.6	564.2	580.0	580.5	584.6	4.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	21.8	23.4	23.5	22.6	22.4	23.2	23.3	23.2	-0.1

Professional and business services	20,328	21,444	21,341	20,866	20,730	21,217	21,246	21,276	30
Professional and technical services	9,149.1	9,442.7	9,467.8	9,433.7	9,164.2	9,417.6	9,436.0	9,451.4	15.4
Legal services	1,131.2	1,143.1	1,147.1	1,132.2	1,138.8	1,140.9	1,140.1	1,140.1	0.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,051.6	1,009.0	1,029.7	1,087.5	992.1	1,028.5	1,030.6	1,028.4	-2.2
Architectural and engineering services	1,436.3	1,496.0	1,495.8	1,471.9	1,456.8	1,493.3	1,494.4	1,493.4	-1.0
Specialized design services	139.3	148.1	148.7	146.3	141.5	146.1	146.4	148.2	1.8
Computer systems design and related services	2,079.5	2,171.5	2,164.4	2,166.4	2,082.9	2,158.0	2,164.0	2,171.0	7.0
Management and technical consulting services	1,444.6	1,519.4	1,519.3	1,488.7	1,463.7	1,503.7	1,505.5	1,508.3	2.8
Scientific research and development services	672.1	706.6	710.8	706.8	676.3	706.6	710.2	711.4	1.2
Advertising and related services	479.1	492.7	493.8	486.8	485.5	491.5	492.5	493.2	0.7
Other professional and technical services	715.4	756.3	758.2	747.1	726.6	749.1	752.4	757.3	4.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,330.2	2,392.4	2,397.9	2,388.7	2,338.2	2,391.9	2,394.7	2,397.6	2.9
Administrative and waste services	8,848.7	9,609.1	9,475.0	9,043.8	9,227.6	9,407.7	9,415.7	9,427.3	11.6
Administrative and support services	8,429.4	9,164.9	9,030.0	8,601.9	8,801.5	8,962.4	8,968.7	8,978.9	10.2
Office administrative services	509.5	521.1	519.3	520.1	511.8	519.2	519.1	522.4	3.3
Facilities support services	150.6	154.7	155.0	155.0	151.9	154.6	155.2	156.2	1.0
Employment services(1)	3,471.0	3,878.8	3,854.7	3,562.8	3,637.4	3,715.1	3,726.6	3,729.3	2.7
Temporary help services	2,830.4	3,199.7	3,173.0	2,909.1	2,975.7	3,046.3	3,054.2	3,055.2	1.0
Business support services	904.2	923.5	920.6	906.5	901.7	900.3	897.7	902.9	5.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	213.5	216.1	214.1	213.3	218.4	218.1	216.9	218.5	1.6
Investigation and security services	926.9	956.2	954.8	931.3	936.8	947.9	948.1	943.3	-4.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,939.0	2,188.0	2,086.0	1,986.3	2,123.1	2,177.5	2,174.0	2,173.9	-0.1
Other support services	314.7	326.5	325.5	326.6	320.5	329.8	331.1	332.3	1.2
Waste management and remediation services	419.3	444.2	445.0	441.9	426.1	445.3	447.0	448.4	1.4

Education and health services	23,262	24,089	24,091	23,784	23,445	23,845	23,912	23,967	55
Educational services	3,588.3	3,921.6	3,851.2	3,628.5	3,713.9	3,731.6	3,743.6	3,752.4	8.8
Health care and social assistance	19,674.1	20,167.8	20,239.7	20,155.3	19,730.8	20,113.2	20,168.7	20,214.1	45.4
Health care(3)	15,805.6	16,177.2	16,247.2	16,175.4	15,857.9	16,135.2	16,184.1	16,225.7	41.6
Ambulatory health care services	7,367.8	7,603.1	7,648.8	7,604.6	7,400.0	7,577.3	7,613.8	7,635.9	22.1
Offices of physicians	2,587.6	2,650.4	2,663.8	2,639.2	2,596.2	2,640.3	2,646.4	2,648.4	2.0
Offices of dentists	942.9	966.4	975.3	973.0	945.3	964.3	971.0	974.6	3.6
Offices of other health practitioners	907.7	951.9	957.3	951.2	912.7	947.0	953.8	956.1	2.3
Outpatient care centers	917.6	950.9	956.9	953.6	919.5	949.1	953.5	955.7	2.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	271.6	280.7	284.2	287.5	272.5	281.0	282.9	288.2	5.3
Home health care services	1,435.3	1,497.1	1,507.1	1,496.4	1,444.6	1,490.4	1,500.8	1,505.2	4.4
Other ambulatory health care services	305.1	305.7	304.2	303.7	309.0	305.2	305.4	307.7	2.3
Hospitals	5,093.2	5,198.6	5,207.4	5,206.3	5,102.1	5,188.9	5,195.4	5,214.2	18.8
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,344.6	3,375.5	3,391.0	3,364.5	3,355.8	3,369.0	3,374.9	3,375.6	0.7
Nursing care facilities	1,611.5	1,611.5	1,617.8	1,601.0	1,614.4	1,607.0	1,609.4	1,604.3	-5.1
Residential mental health facilities	638.6	644.6	648.8	643.8	640.6	644.8	646.9	646.2	-0.7
Community care facilities for the elderly	930.7	951.9	955.4	950.3	935.2	949.8	949.5	954.3	4.8
Other residential care facilities	163.8	167.5	169.0	169.4	165.6	167.4	169.1	170.8	1.7
Social assistance	3,868.5	3,990.6	3,992.5	3,979.9	3,872.9	3,978.0	3,984.6	3,988.4	3.8
Individual and family services	2,407.0	2,500.3	2,503.9	2,499.8	2,413.0	2,500.0	2,505.4	2,508.7	3.3
Emergency and other relief services	171.8	178.4	179.4	174.7	170.8	178.3	177.2	174.5	-2.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	326.9	330.3	329.9	327.9	331.6	330.4	330.8	332.5	1.7
Child day care services	962.8	981.6	979.3	977.5	957.4	969.2	971.1	972.7	1.6

Leisure and hospitality	15,437	16,182	16,201	15,845	16,208	16,489	16,544	16,618	74
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,096.2	2,261.2	2,260.6	2,190.9	2,368.8	2,433.3	2,439.5	2,471.3	31.8
Performing arts and spectator sports	435.4	500.5	492.9	446.8	497.7	516.0	513.8	513.5	-0.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	153.3	168.7	166.2	158.2	168.6	174.1	174.2	174.0	-0.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,507.5	1,592.0	1,601.5	1,585.9	1,702.5	1,743.2	1,751.5	1,783.8	32.3
Accommodation and food services	13,340.7	13,920.6	13,940.5	13,653.8	13,839.2	14,055.6	14,104.0	14,147.0	43.0
Accommodation	1,911.4	1,969.2	1,966.1	1,937.2	2,014.4	2,029.5	2,034.2	2,040.6	6.4
Food services and drinking places	11,429.3	11,951.4	11,974.4	11,716.6	11,824.8	12,026.1	12,069.8	12,106.4	36.6

Other services	5,734	5,859	5,857	5,804	5,808	5,868	5,877	5,881	4
Repair and maintenance	1,306.7	1,330.6	1,331.4	1,320.6	1,321.1	1,335.1	1,336.8	1,336.0	-0.8
Personal and laundry services	1,473.5	1,525.5	1,524.9	1,497.1	1,494.8	1,521.1	1,523.4	1,521.1	-2.3
Membership associations and organizations	2,954.2	3,003.2	3,001.1	2,986.3	2,991.8	3,011.5	3,016.4	3,024.3	7.9

Government	22,225	22,960	22,850	22,350	22,374	22,482	22,498	22,506	8
Federal	2,786.0	2,807.0	2,815.0	2,789.0	2,795.0	2,804.0	2,799.0	2,800.0	1.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,173.4	2,191.2	2,186.7	2,182.8	2,183.5	2,193.0	2,192.0	2,193.5	1.5
U.S. Postal Service	612.7	615.9	628.2	606.0	611.5	611.0	607.3	606.9	-0.4
State government	5,054.0	5,361.0	5,301.0	5,088.0	5,147.0	5,180.0	5,188.0	5,186.0	-2.0
State government education	2,394.9	2,671.7	2,616.5	2,404.3	2,475.6	2,483.8	2,493.8	2,489.3	-4.5
State government, excluding education	2,659.0	2,689.7	2,684.0	2,684.0	2,670.9	2,695.9	2,694.6	2,696.4	1.8
Local government	14,385.0	14,792.0	14,734.0	14,473.0	14,432.0	14,498.0	14,511.0	14,520.0	9.0
Local government education	8,021.9	8,303.7	8,284.8	8,064.5	7,934.2	7,970.4	7,976.9	7,978.1	1.2
Local government, excluding education	6,363.4	6,488.1	6,449.3	6,408.9	6,497.7	6,527.7	6,534.5	6,541.5	7.0
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.4	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.3	40.2	40.6	40.7
Mining and logging	45.2	45.9	46.3	46.1
Construction	39.1	38.7	39.4	39.9
Manufacturing	40.8	40.8	40.9	40.8
Durable goods	41.2	41.1	41.2	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.1	40.2	40.3	40.1
Private service-providing	33.2	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.5	34.3	34.2
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	31.1	30.9	30.6	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	39.1	39.0	38.7
Utilities	41.9	42.4	42.4	42.5
Information	35.8	36.1	36.2	35.9
Financial activities	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.7
Professional and business services	35.9	36.1	36.1	36.2
Education and health services	32.9	32.9	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.0	25.9	26.0	26.1
Other services	31.7	31.9	31.9	31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5
Durable goods	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
Total private	$26.71	$27.43	$27.53	$27.56	$918.82	$943.59	$949.79	$950.82
Goods-producing	27.90	28.49	28.60	28.47	1,124.37	1,145.30	1,161.16	1,158.73
Mining and logging	32.29	32.84	32.73	32.67	1,459.51	1,507.36	1,515.40	1,506.09
Construction	29.36	30.26	30.39	30.19	1,147.98	1,171.06	1,197.37	1,204.58
Manufacturing	26.84	27.24	27.33	27.21	1,095.07	1,111.39	1,117.80	1,110.17
Durable goods	28.15	28.71	28.81	28.66	1,159.78	1,179.98	1,186.97	1,177.93
Nondurable goods	24.60	24.71	24.78	24.69	986.46	993.34	998.63	990.07
Private service-providing	26.43	27.18	27.27	27.35	877.48	905.09	908.09	910.76
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.98	23.63	23.80	23.85	792.81	815.24	816.34	815.67
Wholesale trade	30.07	30.82	30.92	30.93	1,172.73	1,201.98	1,205.88	1,206.27
Retail trade	18.42	19.07	19.24	19.32	572.86	589.26	588.74	589.26
Transportation and warehousing	24.17	24.40	24.51	24.54	937.80	954.04	955.89	949.70
Utilities	39.53	41.13	41.50	41.31	1,656.31	1,743.91	1,759.60	1,755.68
Information	39.06	41.02	41.36	41.92	1,398.35	1,480.82	1,497.23	1,504.93
Financial activities	34.23	35.31	35.41	35.51	1,287.05	1,327.66	1,331.42	1,338.73
Professional and business services	32.10	32.93	32.97	33.01	1,152.39	1,188.77	1,190.22	1,194.96
Education and health services	26.69	27.27	27.32	27.43	878.10	897.18	901.56	905.19
Leisure and hospitality	15.74	16.21	16.27	16.30	409.24	419.84	423.02	425.43
Other services	24.25	24.80	24.89	24.97	768.73	791.12	793.99	796.54
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2018 - Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2018 - Jan. 2019(p)
Total private	108.3	110.1	110.6	110.9	0.3	138.2	144.4	145.6	146.1	0.3
Goods-producing	93.6	95.8	97.0	97.6	0.6	118.0	123.4	125.4	125.6	0.2
Mining and logging	99.3	107.9	109.6	110.1	0.5	128.7	142.2	144.0	144.4	0.3
Construction	96.0	98.5	100.7	102.7	2.0	122.5	129.5	132.9	134.7	1.4
Manufacturing	92.2	93.9	94.2	94.1	-0.1	115.1	118.9	119.8	119.1	-0.6
Durable goods	90.9	92.8	93.2	93.3	0.1	113.7	118.4	119.3	118.7	-0.5
Nondurable goods	94.5	95.7	95.9	95.3	-0.6	118.0	119.9	120.6	119.4	-1.0
Private service-providing	112.2	114.3	114.4	114.7	0.3	144.1	150.9	151.6	152.4	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.5	104.5	103.9	103.8	-0.1	128.1	133.1	133.3	133.4	0.1
Wholesale trade	100.2	101.3	101.5	101.6	0.1	126.0	130.6	131.3	131.4	0.1
Retail trade	99.8	99.3	98.3	98.1	-0.2	121.5	125.2	125.0	125.2	0.2
Transportation and warehousing	117.9	123.2	122.8	122.4	-0.3	144.5	152.5	152.6	152.4	-0.1
Utilities	100.4	101.8	101.7	101.9	0.2	131.2	138.3	139.5	139.1	-0.3
Information	91.9	93.3	93.4	92.5	-1.0	127.9	136.2	137.5	138.1	0.4
Financial activities	104.7	106.1	106.1	106.6	0.5	139.8	146.1	146.6	147.6	0.7
Professional and business services	116.7	120.1	120.3	120.8	0.4	151.7	160.1	160.5	161.4	0.6
Education and health services	125.9	128.1	128.8	129.1	0.2	161.7	168.1	169.3	170.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	120.2	121.9	122.7	123.8	0.9	152.7	159.4	161.1	162.7	1.0
Other services	106.2	107.9	108.1	108.2	0.1	141.1	146.7	147.5	148.0	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
Total nonfarm	73,234	74,605	74,721	74,871	49.6	49.7	49.7	49.7
Total private	60,378	61,640	61,742	61,887	48.2	48.3	48.3	48.3
Goods-producing	4,478	4,651	4,653	4,672	22.0	22.2	22.2	22.2
Mining and logging	90	95	95	96	12.9	12.7	12.6	12.6
Construction	910	958	957	961	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.9
Manufacturing	3,478	3,598	3,601	3,615	27.7	28.1	28.1	28.2
Durable goods	1,835	1,908	1,911	1,915	23.4	23.8	23.8	23.8
Nondurable goods	1,643	1,690	1,690	1,700	34.8	35.5	35.4	35.7
Private service-providing	55,900	56,989	57,089	57,215	53.2	53.4	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,015	11,154	11,132	11,163	40.1	40.1	40.1	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,724.1	1,764.3	1,770.0	1,773.3	29.6	30.0	30.0	30.0
Retail trade	7,855.1	7,882.9	7,855.8	7,878.2	49.7	49.8	49.7	49.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,309.1	1,376.0	1,375.4	1,381.4	24.6	25.0	25.0	25.0
Utilities	126.5	130.4	130.6	130.3	22.8	23.5	23.5	23.5
Information	1,110	1,115	1,112	1,111	39.5	39.4	39.4	39.4
Financial activities	4,809	4,868	4,867	4,870	56.6	56.5	56.5	56.4
Professional and business services	9,347	9,623	9,646	9,637	45.1	45.4	45.4	45.3
Education and health services	18,052	18,411	18,466	18,507	77.0	77.2	77.2	77.2
Leisure and hospitality	8,491	8,689	8,727	8,780	52.4	52.7	52.8	52.8
Other services	3,076	3,129	3,139	3,147	53.0	53.3	53.4	53.5
Government	12,856	12,965	12,979	12,984	57.5	57.7	57.7	57.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
Total private	103,304	105,051	105,261	105,481
Goods-producing	14,670	15,015	15,076	15,127
Mining and logging	518	558	560	567
Construction	5,330	5,491	5,533	5,576
Manufacturing	8,822	8,966	8,983	8,984
Durable goods	5,384	5,523	5,540	5,550
Nondurable goods	3,438	3,443	3,443	3,434
Private service-providing	88,634	90,036	90,185	90,354
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,240	23,495	23,495	23,544
Wholesale trade	4,672.6	4,729.5	4,743.2	4,749.1
Retail trade	13,492.5	13,508.0	13,501.1	13,527.0
Transportation and warehousing	4,628.7	4,813.1	4,806.7	4,824.6
Utilities	445.7	444.3	443.7	443.5
Information	2,263	2,284	2,283	2,274
Financial activities	6,597	6,668	6,676	6,686
Professional and business services	16,870	17,306	17,337	17,353
Education and health services	20,595	20,931	20,987	21,040
Leisure and hospitality	14,264	14,489	14,536	14,581
Other services	4,805	4,863	4,871	4,876
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	41.3	41.2	41.5	41.7
Mining and logging	46.1	46.1	46.5	46.2
Construction	39.7	39.3	40.0	40.6
Manufacturing	41.9	42.0	42.1	42.0
Durable goods	42.2	42.3	42.5	42.4
Nondurable goods	41.4	41.4	41.3	41.4
Private service-providing	32.4	32.4	32.4	32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.9	33.7	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.9	38.8	38.9
Retail trade	30.4	30.2	30.0	29.9
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.4	38.3	38.2
Utilities	42.9	42.8	42.6	42.7
Information	35.5	35.5	35.5	35.3
Financial activities	37.0	36.9	36.9	36.8
Professional and business services	35.1	35.3	35.4	35.4
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.8	24.8	24.8
Other services	30.6	30.9	30.8	30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Durable goods	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6
Nondurable goods	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)
Total private	$22.36	$22.99	$23.09	$23.12	$751.30	$774.76	$778.13	$779.14
Goods-producing	23.61	24.29	24.38	24.36	975.09	1,000.75	1,011.77	1,015.81
Mining and logging	27.93	28.86	28.72	29.03	1,287.57	1,330.45	1,335.48	1,341.19
Construction	27.18	28.14	28.18	28.07	1,079.05	1,105.90	1,127.20	1,139.64
Manufacturing	21.29	21.78	21.85	21.81	892.05	914.76	919.89	916.02
Durable goods	22.28	22.72	22.81	22.74	940.22	961.06	969.43	964.18
Nondurable goods	19.71	20.23	20.26	20.27	815.99	837.52	836.74	839.18
Private service-providing	22.10	22.72	22.82	22.85	716.04	736.13	739.37	738.06
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.51	20.17	20.34	20.33	661.39	683.76	685.46	685.12
Wholesale trade	24.67	25.53	25.70	25.54	959.66	993.12	997.16	993.51
Retail trade	15.55	16.14	16.29	16.31	472.72	487.43	488.70	487.67
Transportation and warehousing	21.56	21.99	22.15	22.20	825.75	844.42	848.35	848.04
Utilities	36.42	37.11	37.15	37.13	1,562.42	1,588.31	1,582.59	1,585.45
Information	31.23	32.70	32.91	33.04	1,108.67	1,160.85	1,168.31	1,166.31
Financial activities	26.70	27.17	27.22	27.21	987.90	1,002.57	1,004.42	1,001.33
Professional and business services	26.44	27.08	27.14	27.16	928.04	955.92	960.76	961.46
Education and health services	23.38	23.91	23.97	24.05	752.84	769.90	771.83	774.41
Leisure and hospitality	13.61	14.12	14.19	14.25	337.53	350.18	351.91	353.40
Other services	20.47	21.01	21.10	21.25	626.38	649.21	649.88	654.50
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2018 - Jan. 2019(p)	Jan. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018(p)	Jan. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2018 - Jan. 2019(p)
Total private	115.6	118.0	118.2	118.4	0.2	172.8	181.2	182.4	183.0	0.3
Goods-producing	92.6	94.5	95.6	96.4	0.8	133.9	140.6	142.7	143.8	0.8
Mining and logging	126.9	136.7	138.4	139.2	0.6	206.1	229.4	231.1	235.0	1.7
Construction	105.9	108.0	110.8	113.4	2.3	155.5	164.2	168.6	171.8	1.9
Manufacturing	84.9	86.4	86.8	86.6	-0.2	118.1	123.1	124.1	123.5	-0.5
Durable goods	85.4	87.8	88.5	88.4	-0.1	118.7	124.5	126.0	125.5	-0.4
Nondurable goods	83.9	84.0	83.8	83.8	0.0	116.8	120.1	120.0	120.0	0.0
Private service-providing	122.3	124.2	124.4	124.3	-0.1	185.3	193.6	194.7	194.8	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.0	111.2	110.6	110.8	0.2	153.2	160.2	160.6	160.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	107.9	109.2	109.2	109.6	0.4	157.1	164.5	165.7	165.3	-0.2
Retail trade	103.8	103.2	102.5	102.4	-0.1	138.3	142.8	143.1	143.0	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	133.3	139.0	138.5	138.6	0.1	182.3	193.9	194.5	195.2	0.4
Utilities	97.8	97.2	96.7	96.8	0.1	148.7	150.6	149.9	150.1	0.1
Information	91.7	92.5	92.5	91.6	-1.0	141.8	149.8	150.7	149.9	-0.5
Financial activities	114.9	115.8	116.0	115.8	-0.2	188.8	193.6	194.2	193.9	-0.2
Professional and business services	132.4	136.6	137.2	137.3	0.1	208.2	220.0	221.5	221.8	0.1
Education and health services	141.4	143.7	144.1	144.4	0.2	218.2	226.8	228.0	229.3	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	129.6	131.6	132.0	132.5	0.4	200.3	211.1	212.8	214.3	0.7
Other services	103.1	105.4	105.2	105.3	0.1	153.8	161.3	161.8	163.1	0.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: February 01, 2019