Employment Situation News Release

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                   USDL-13-0001
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 4, 2013

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2012


Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 155,000 in December, and the unemployment 
rate was unchanged at 7.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Employment increased in health care, food services and drinking places, 
construction, and manufacturing.


    -----------------------------------------------------------------
   |                                                                 |
   |      Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data      |
   |                                                                 |
   | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised     |
   | using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at  |
   | the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates    |
   | back to January 2008 were subject to revision. The unemployment |
   | rates for January 2012 through November 2012 (as originally     |
   | published and as revised) appear in table A, along with         |
   | additional information about the revisions.                     |
   |                                                                 |
    -----------------------------------------------------------------

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons, at 12.2 million, was little changed
in December. The unemployment rate held at 7.8 percent and has been at
or near that level since September. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women
(7.3 percent) and blacks (14.0 percent) edged up in December, while
the rates for adult men (7.2 percent), teenagers (23.5 percent),
whites (6.9 percent), and Hispanics (9.6 percent) showed little or no
change. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.6 percent (not seasonally
adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

In December, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27
weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at 4.8 million and accounted
for 39.1 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate held at 63.6 percent in
December. The employment-population ratio, at 58.6 percent, was 
essentially unchanged over the month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers), at 7.9
million, changed little in December. These individuals were working
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In December, 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor
force, essentially unchanged from a year earlier. (These data are not
seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.1 million discouraged
workers in December, little changed from a year earlier. (These data
are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available
for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in December had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 155,000 in December. In
2012, employment growth averaged 153,000 per month, the same as the
average monthly gain for 2011. In December, employment increased in
health care, food services and drinking places, construction, and
manufacturing. (See table B-1.)

Health care employment continued to expand in December (+45,000). Job
gains occurred in ambulatory health care services (+23,000), in
hospitals (+12,000), and in nursing and residential care facilities
(+10,000). In 2012, health care employment rose by 338,000.

In December, employment in food services and drinking places rose by
38,000. In 2012, the industry added an average of 24,000 jobs a month,
essentially the same as in 2011.

Construction added 30,000 jobs in December, led by employment
increases in construction of buildings (+13,000) and in residential
specialty trade contractors (+12,000).

In December, manufacturing employment rose by 25,000, with small gains
in a number of component industries. In 2012, factory employment
increased by 180,000; most of the growth occurred during the first
quarter.

Employment in retail trade changed little in December, after
increasing by 143,000 over the prior 3 months. Within the industry,
employment in clothing and accessories stores fell by 19,000,
following gains that totaled 55,000 over the prior 3 months. Elsewhere
in retail trade, employment in automobile dealers and in food and
beverage stores continued to trend up in December.

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging,
transportation and warehousing, financial activities, professional and
businesses services, and government, showed little change over the
month.

In December, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm
payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.5 hours. The manufacturing
workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime was
unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1
hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
rose by 7 cents to $23.73. Over the year, average hourly earnings have
risen by 2.1 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-
sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to
$19.92. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised
from +138,000 to +137,000, and the change for November was revised
from +146,000 to +161,000.

____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on
Friday, February 1, 2013, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).


  ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 |                                                                  |
 |            Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data            |
 |                                                                  |
 | With the release of January 2013 data on February 1, 2013, the   |
 | Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce        |
 | revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings     |
 | data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2012   |
 | and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted |
 | data beginning with April 2011 and seasonally adjusted data      |
 | beginning with January 2008 are subject to revision.             |
 |                                                                  |
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ 


  ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 |                                                                  |
 |             Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey             |
 |                                                                  |
 | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for       |
 | January 2013, scheduled for February 1, 2013, new population     |
 | controls will be used in the monthly household survey estima-    |
 | tion process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of  |
 | intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau.      |
 | Historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new       |
 | controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2013   |
 | will not be directly comparable with that for December 2012 or   |
 | earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls |
 | on the major labor force series will be included in the January  |
 | 2013 release.                                                    |
 |                                                                  |
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ 


         Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this
process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2008 through November
2012 were subject to revision.

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2012 through November
2012, as first published and as revised. The rates changed by one-
tenth of a percentage point in 2 of the 11 months and were unchanged
in the remaining 9 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other
major labor force series beginning in December 2011 appear in table B.

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the
household survey data and revised data for January 2012 through
November 2012 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2013.pdf.

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of
this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised
historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data for
additional series are available on the Internet at
ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/.


Table A.  Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2012 and changes
due to revision, January - November 2012

         Month            As first           As          Change
                          computed         revised

January ...............      8.3             8.3          0.0
February ..............      8.3             8.3           .0
March .................      8.2             8.2           .0
April .................      8.1             8.1           .0
May ...................      8.2             8.2           .0
June ..................      8.2             8.2           .0
July ..................      8.3             8.2          -.1
August ................      8.1             8.1           .0
September .............      7.8             7.8           .0
October ...............      7.9             7.9           .0
November ..............      7.7             7.8           .1






HOUSEHOLD DATA
 Table B.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]




	Employment status, sex, and age
	2011
	2012


	Dec.
	Jan.
	Feb.
	Mar.
	Apr.
	May
	June
	July
	Aug.
	Sept.
	Oct.
	Nov.
	Dec.






	TOTAL
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	240,584
	242,269
	242,435
	242,604
	242,784
	242,966
	243,155
	243,354
	243,566
	243,772
	243,983
	244,174
	244,350



	Civilian labor force
	153,945
	154,356
	154,825
	154,707
	154,451
	154,998
	155,149
	154,995
	154,647
	155,056
	155,576
	155,319
	155,511



	Participation rate
	64.0
	63.7
	63.9
	63.8
	63.6
	63.8
	63.8
	63.7
	63.5
	63.6
	63.8
	63.6
	63.6



	Employed
	140,896
	141,608
	142,019
	142,020
	141,934
	142,302
	142,448
	142,250
	142,164
	142,974
	143,328
	143,277
	143,305



	Employment-population ratio
	58.6
	58.5
	58.6
	58.5
	58.5
	58.6
	58.6
	58.5
	58.4
	58.7
	58.7
	58.7
	58.6



	Unemployed
	13,049
	12,748
	12,806
	12,686
	12,518
	12,695
	12,701
	12,745
	12,483
	12,082
	12,248
	12,042
	12,206



	Unemployment rate
	8.5
	8.3
	8.3
	8.2
	8.1
	8.2
	8.2
	8.2
	8.1
	7.8
	7.9
	7.8
	7.8



	


	Men, 20 years and over
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	108,290
	108,087
	108,188
	108,289
	108,396
	108,503
	108,613
	108,727
	108,851
	108,973
	109,096
	109,206
	109,308



	Civilian labor force
	79,420
	79,203
	79,301
	79,313
	79,103
	79,373
	79,432
	79,376
	79,085
	79,436
	79,679
	79,568
	79,695



	Participation rate
	73.3
	73.3
	73.3
	73.2
	73.0
	73.2
	73.1
	73.0
	72.7
	72.9
	73.0
	72.9
	72.9



	Employed
	73,050
	73,138
	73,179
	73,238
	73,145
	73,230
	73,299
	73,288
	73,097
	73,612
	73,845
	73,821
	73,949



	Employment-population ratio
	67.5
	67.7
	67.6
	67.6
	67.5
	67.5
	67.5
	67.4
	67.2
	67.6
	67.7
	67.6
	67.7



	Unemployed
	6,370
	6,065
	6,123
	6,075
	5,958
	6,143
	6,133
	6,089
	5,988
	5,825
	5,834
	5,747
	5,746



	Unemployment rate
	8.0
	7.7
	7.7
	7.7
	7.5
	7.7
	7.7
	7.7
	7.6
	7.3
	7.3
	7.2
	7.2



	


	Women, 20 years and over
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	115,602
	117,082
	117,170
	117,260
	117,353
	117,448
	117,546
	117,648
	117,760
	117,869
	117,980
	118,079
	118,170



	Civilian labor force
	68,815
	69,420
	69,775
	69,580
	69,580
	69,777
	69,777
	69,673
	69,800
	69,813
	70,041
	69,907
	70,059



	Participation rate
	59.5
	59.3
	59.5
	59.3
	59.3
	59.4
	59.4
	59.2
	59.3
	59.2
	59.4
	59.2
	59.3



	Employed
	63,446
	64,080
	64,457
	64,422
	64,454
	64,653
	64,616
	64,437
	64,716
	64,934
	65,014
	64,988
	64,954



	Employment-population ratio
	54.9
	54.7
	55.0
	54.9
	54.9
	55.0
	55.0
	54.8
	55.0
	55.1
	55.1
	55.0
	55.0



	Unemployed
	5,369
	5,341
	5,318
	5,158
	5,126
	5,124
	5,161
	5,236
	5,083
	4,879
	5,027
	4,918
	5,105



	Unemployment rate
	7.8
	7.7
	7.6
	7.4
	7.4
	7.3
	7.4
	7.5
	7.3
	7.0
	7.2
	7.0
	7.3



	


	Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	16,693
	17,100
	17,078
	17,056
	17,034
	17,015
	16,997
	16,979
	16,955
	16,931
	16,907
	16,890
	16,871



	Civilian labor force
	5,709
	5,733
	5,748
	5,814
	5,768
	5,847
	5,940
	5,945
	5,763
	5,807
	5,856
	5,845
	5,756



	Participation rate
	34.2
	33.5
	33.7
	34.1
	33.9
	34.4
	34.9
	35.0
	34.0
	34.3
	34.6
	34.6
	34.1



	Employed
	4,400
	4,391
	4,383
	4,360
	4,334
	4,419
	4,533
	4,525
	4,351
	4,429
	4,469
	4,468
	4,402



	Employment-population ratio
	26.4
	25.7
	25.7
	25.6
	25.4
	26.0
	26.7
	26.7
	25.7
	26.2
	26.4
	26.5
	26.1



	Unemployed
	1,310
	1,342
	1,365
	1,453
	1,434
	1,428
	1,406
	1,420
	1,412
	1,378
	1,387
	1,376
	1,355



	Unemployment rate
	22.9
	23.4
	23.7
	25.0
	24.9
	24.4
	23.7
	23.9
	24.5
	23.7
	23.7
	23.6
	23.5







	
		Footnotes

		(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

	





	
		NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	2011	2012
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	240,584	242,269	242,435	242,604	242,784	242,966	243,155	243,354	243,566	243,772	243,983	244,174	244,350
Civilian labor force	153,945	154,356	154,825	154,707	154,451	154,998	155,149	154,995	154,647	155,056	155,576	155,319	155,511
Participation rate	64.0	63.7	63.9	63.8	63.6	63.8	63.8	63.7	63.5	63.6	63.8	63.6	63.6
Employed	140,896	141,608	142,019	142,020	141,934	142,302	142,448	142,250	142,164	142,974	143,328	143,277	143,305
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.5	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.5	58.4	58.7	58.7	58.7	58.6
Unemployed	13,049	12,748	12,806	12,686	12,518	12,695	12,701	12,745	12,483	12,082	12,248	12,042	12,206
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.1	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	108,290	108,087	108,188	108,289	108,396	108,503	108,613	108,727	108,851	108,973	109,096	109,206	109,308
Civilian labor force	79,420	79,203	79,301	79,313	79,103	79,373	79,432	79,376	79,085	79,436	79,679	79,568	79,695
Participation rate	73.3	73.3	73.3	73.2	73.0	73.2	73.1	73.0	72.7	72.9	73.0	72.9	72.9
Employed	73,050	73,138	73,179	73,238	73,145	73,230	73,299	73,288	73,097	73,612	73,845	73,821	73,949
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.7	67.6	67.6	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.4	67.2	67.6	67.7	67.6	67.7
Unemployed	6,370	6,065	6,123	6,075	5,958	6,143	6,133	6,089	5,988	5,825	5,834	5,747	5,746
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.6	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	115,602	117,082	117,170	117,260	117,353	117,448	117,546	117,648	117,760	117,869	117,980	118,079	118,170
Civilian labor force	68,815	69,420	69,775	69,580	69,580	69,777	69,777	69,673	69,800	69,813	70,041	69,907	70,059
Participation rate	59.5	59.3	59.5	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.4	59.2	59.3	59.2	59.4	59.2	59.3
Employed	63,446	64,080	64,457	64,422	64,454	64,653	64,616	64,437	64,716	64,934	65,014	64,988	64,954
Employment-population ratio	54.9	54.7	55.0	54.9	54.9	55.0	55.0	54.8	55.0	55.1	55.1	55.0	55.0
Unemployed	5,369	5,341	5,318	5,158	5,126	5,124	5,161	5,236	5,083	4,879	5,027	4,918	5,105
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.0	7.2	7.0	7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	16,693	17,100	17,078	17,056	17,034	17,015	16,997	16,979	16,955	16,931	16,907	16,890	16,871
Civilian labor force	5,709	5,733	5,748	5,814	5,768	5,847	5,940	5,945	5,763	5,807	5,856	5,845	5,756
Participation rate	34.2	33.5	33.7	34.1	33.9	34.4	34.9	35.0	34.0	34.3	34.6	34.6	34.1
Employed	4,400	4,391	4,383	4,360	4,334	4,419	4,533	4,525	4,351	4,429	4,469	4,468	4,402
Employment-population ratio	26.4	25.7	25.7	25.6	25.4	26.0	26.7	26.7	25.7	26.2	26.4	26.5	26.1
Unemployed	1,310	1,342	1,365	1,453	1,434	1,428	1,406	1,420	1,412	1,378	1,387	1,376	1,355
Unemployment rate	22.9	23.4	23.7	25.0	24.9	24.4	23.7	23.9	24.5	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Change from: Nov. 2012- Dec. 2012
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,584	243,983	244,174	244,350	176
Civilian labor force	153,945	155,576	155,319	155,511	192
Participation rate	64.0	63.8	63.6	63.6	0.0
Employed	140,896	143,328	143,277	143,305	28
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.7	58.7	58.6	-0.1
Unemployed	13,049	12,248	12,042	12,206	164
Unemployment rate	8.5	7.9	7.8	7.8	0.0
Not in labor force	86,640	88,407	88,855	88,839	-16

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	8.5	7.9	7.8	7.8	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	8.0	7.3	7.2	7.2	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	7.8	7.2	7.0	7.3	0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	22.9	23.7	23.6	23.5	-0.1
White	7.5	6.9	6.8	6.9	0.1
Black or African American	15.6	14.5	13.2	14.0	0.8
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)	6.8	4.9	6.4	6.6	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	11.0	10.0	9.9	9.6	-0.3

Total, 25 years and over	7.2	6.6	6.5	6.5	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	13.7	12.2	12.1	11.7	-0.4
High school graduates, no college	8.7	8.3	8.1	8.0	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	7.6	7.0	6.6	6.9	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.0	3.7	3.9	3.9	0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	7,487	6,536	6,429	6,408	-21
Job leavers	943	1,009	926	983	57
Reentrants	3,359	3,319	3,325	3,587	262
New entrants	1,286	1,302	1,326	1,291	-35

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,640	2,633	2,596	2,676	80
5 to 14 weeks	2,840	2,847	2,757	2,838	81
15 to 26 weeks	1,987	1,813	1,820	1,895	75
27 weeks and over	5,596	5,017	4,784	4,766	-18

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	8,168	8,286	8,138	7,918	-220
Slack work or business conditions	5,377	5,177	5,084	4,928	-156
Could only find part-time work	2,406	2,618	2,648	2,616	-32
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,489	18,896	18,594	18,763	169

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,540	2,433	2,505	2,614	-
Discouraged workers	945	813	979	1,068	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	223	137	161	155
Total private	234	203	171	168
Goods-producing	62	26	-1	59
Mining and logging	8	-6	4	4
Construction	26	25	-10	30
Manufacturing	28	7	5	25
Durable goods(1)	30	2	18	11
Motor vehicles and parts	7.4	-4.8	11.4	4.8
Nondurable goods	-2	5	-13	14
Private service-providing(1)	172	177	172	109
Wholesale trade	14.7	3.6	10.5	-0.1
Retail trade	6.8	43.8	62.8	-11.3
Transportation and warehousing	5.1	7.4	5.8	-0.6
Information	1	-5	13	-9
Financial activities	5	8	0	9
Professional and business services(1)	72	58	32	19
Temporary help services	18.7	14.0	7.8	-0.6
Education and health services(1)	33	32	24	65
Health care and social assistance	29.5	43.8	25.9	55.0
Leisure and hospitality	28	26	29	31
Other services	6	4	-4	5
Government	-11	-66	-10	-13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2) AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees	-	-	-	-
Total private women employees	-	-	-	-
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.5	82.6	82.6	82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.4	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$23.25	$23.59	$23.66	$23.73
Average weekly earnings	$799.80	$809.14	$813.90	$818.69
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	95.0	96.1	96.5	96.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.3	0.4	0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	105.3	108.1	108.9	109.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	-0.4	0.7	0.7

HOURS AND EARNINGS PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.7	33.6	33.7	33.8
Average hourly earnings	$19.59	$19.82	$19.86	$19.92
Average weekly earnings	$660.18	$665.95	$669.28	$673.30
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)	102.4	103.7	104.1	104.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.1	0.4	0.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)	134.1	137.3	138.2	139.2
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.0	0.7	0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX(5) (Over 1-month span)
Total private (266 industries)	63.7	65.6	56.6	63.2
Manufacturing (81 industries)	64.8	58.6	51.2	59.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data for women employees (-) in this table have been temporarily suspended. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_retail_correction.htm.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more
than 20 percent of all employees in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical
data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at
http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 141,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 486,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment�s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 100,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to 
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that 
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about
+/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2
percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,584	244,174	244,350	240,584	243,566	243,772	243,983	244,174	244,350
Civilian labor force	153,373	154,953	154,904	153,945	154,647	155,056	155,576	155,319	155,511
Participation rate	63.8	63.5	63.4	64.0	63.5	63.6	63.8	63.6	63.6
Employed	140,681	143,549	143,060	140,896	142,164	142,974	143,328	143,277	143,305
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.8	58.5	58.6	58.4	58.7	58.7	58.7	58.6
Unemployed	12,692	11,404	11,844	13,049	12,483	12,082	12,248	12,042	12,206
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.4	7.6	8.5	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8
Not in labor force	87,212	89,221	89,445	86,640	88,919	88,716	88,407	88,855	88,839
Persons who currently want a job	6,135	6,495	6,532	6,343	6,956	6,718	6,584	6,827	6,750

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,832	117,810	117,902	116,832	117,492	117,600	117,710	117,810	117,902
Civilian labor force	82,019	82,310	82,190	82,369	81,991	82,396	82,661	82,514	82,545
Participation rate	70.2	69.9	69.7	70.5	69.8	70.1	70.2	70.0	70.0
Employed	74,837	76,142	75,686	75,217	75,174	75,769	76,027	75,983	76,060
Employment-population ratio	64.1	64.6	64.2	64.4	64.0	64.4	64.6	64.5	64.5
Unemployed	7,181	6,167	6,503	7,152	6,817	6,627	6,634	6,530	6,486
Unemployment rate	8.8	7.5	7.9	8.7	8.3	8.0	8.0	7.9	7.9
Not in labor force	34,813	35,501	35,712	34,463	35,501	35,205	35,049	35,297	35,357

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	108,290	109,206	109,308	108,290	108,851	108,973	109,096	109,206	109,308
Civilian labor force	79,288	79,554	79,552	79,420	79,085	79,436	79,679	79,568	79,695
Participation rate	73.2	72.8	72.8	73.3	72.7	72.9	73.0	72.9	72.9
Employed	72,812	74,121	73,716	73,050	73,097	73,612	73,845	73,821	73,949
Employment-population ratio	67.2	67.9	67.4	67.5	67.2	67.6	67.7	67.6	67.7
Unemployed	6,477	5,433	5,836	6,370	5,988	5,825	5,834	5,747	5,746
Unemployment rate	8.2	6.8	7.3	8.0	7.6	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.2
Not in labor force	29,001	29,652	29,756	28,869	29,766	29,536	29,416	29,638	29,613

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	123,753	126,364	126,447	123,753	126,073	126,172	126,273	126,364	126,447
Civilian labor force	71,354	72,644	72,715	71,575	72,656	72,661	72,915	72,806	72,965
Participation rate	57.7	57.5	57.5	57.8	57.6	57.6	57.7	57.6	57.7
Employed	65,843	67,407	67,373	65,679	66,990	67,206	67,301	67,294	67,245
Employment-population ratio	53.2	53.3	53.3	53.1	53.1	53.3	53.3	53.3	53.2
Unemployed	5,511	5,237	5,341	5,897	5,666	5,455	5,614	5,512	5,721
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.2	7.3	8.2	7.8	7.5	7.7	7.6	7.8
Not in labor force	52,398	53,720	53,733	52,177	53,418	53,511	53,358	53,558	53,482

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	115,602	118,079	118,170	115,602	117,760	117,869	117,980	118,079	118,170
Civilian labor force	68,746	69,873	69,980	68,815	69,800	69,813	70,041	69,907	70,059
Participation rate	59.5	59.2	59.2	59.5	59.3	59.2	59.4	59.2	59.3
Employed	63,676	65,175	65,152	63,446	64,716	64,934	65,014	64,988	64,954
Employment-population ratio	55.1	55.2	55.1	54.9	55.0	55.1	55.1	55.0	55.0
Unemployed	5,070	4,698	4,828	5,369	5,083	4,879	5,027	4,918	5,105
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.7	6.9	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.2	7.0	7.3
Not in labor force	46,856	48,206	48,190	46,787	47,960	48,056	47,939	48,172	48,111

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,693	16,890	16,871	16,693	16,955	16,931	16,907	16,890	16,871
Civilian labor force	5,339	5,526	5,372	5,709	5,763	5,807	5,856	5,845	5,756
Participation rate	32.0	32.7	31.8	34.2	34.0	34.3	34.6	34.6	34.1
Employed	4,193	4,252	4,192	4,400	4,351	4,429	4,469	4,468	4,402
Employment-population ratio	25.1	25.2	24.8	26.4	25.7	26.2	26.4	26.5	26.1
Unemployed	1,146	1,273	1,180	1,310	1,412	1,378	1,387	1,376	1,355
Unemployment rate	21.5	23.0	22.0	22.9	24.5	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.5
Not in labor force	11,354	11,364	11,499	10,983	11,192	11,124	11,051	11,045	11,115
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	193,682	193,748	193,849	193,682	193,376	193,503	193,633	193,748	193,849
Civilian labor force	124,114	123,503	123,404	124,482	123,292	123,637	123,794	123,540	123,774
Participation rate	64.1	63.7	63.7	64.3	63.8	63.9	63.9	63.8	63.9
Employed	115,117	115,571	115,213	115,203	114,395	115,002	115,205	115,124	115,289
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.7	59.4	59.5	59.2	59.4	59.5	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	8,998	7,932	8,191	9,279	8,897	8,635	8,588	8,416	8,485
Unemployment rate	7.2	6.4	6.6	7.5	7.2	7.0	6.9	6.8	6.9
Not in labor force	69,567	70,244	70,445	69,199	70,084	69,866	69,839	70,207	70,076
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,248	64,607	64,562	65,331	64,246	64,540	64,718	64,509	64,646
Participation rate	73.7	73.3	73.2	73.8	73.1	73.4	73.5	73.2	73.3
Employed	60,484	60,713	60,415	60,693	59,910	60,292	60,493	60,397	60,609
Employment-population ratio	68.3	68.9	68.5	68.5	68.2	68.5	68.7	68.5	68.7
Unemployed	4,764	3,894	4,148	4,638	4,336	4,248	4,225	4,112	4,037
Unemployment rate	7.3	6.0	6.4	7.1	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,516	54,471	54,494	54,482	54,408	54,500	54,423	54,366	54,452
Participation rate	59.0	58.5	58.5	59.0	58.6	58.7	58.5	58.4	58.5
Employed	51,080	51,292	51,303	50,783	50,915	51,085	51,020	51,008	51,015
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.1	55.1	55.0	54.8	55.0	54.9	54.8	54.8
Unemployed	3,435	3,180	3,191	3,700	3,493	3,415	3,403	3,358	3,437
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.8	5.9	6.8	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,350	4,425	4,348	4,669	4,638	4,598	4,653	4,665	4,676
Participation rate	34.1	35.1	34.6	36.6	36.7	36.4	36.9	37.0	37.2
Employed	3,552	3,567	3,495	3,727	3,569	3,625	3,692	3,718	3,665
Employment-population ratio	27.8	28.3	27.8	29.2	28.2	28.7	29.3	29.5	29.1
Unemployed	798	858	853	942	1,069	972	961	946	1,011
Unemployment rate	18.3	19.4	19.6	20.2	23.0	21.1	20.7	20.3	21.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,286	30,061	30,093	29,286	29,954	29,991	30,027	30,061	30,093
Civilian labor force	18,024	18,407	18,350	18,097	18,389	18,346	18,716	18,374	18,403
Participation rate	61.5	61.2	61.0	61.8	61.4	61.2	62.3	61.1	61.2
Employed	15,285	16,065	15,832	15,282	15,811	15,891	16,011	15,952	15,827
Employment-population ratio	52.2	53.4	52.6	52.2	52.8	53.0	53.3	53.1	52.6
Unemployed	2,739	2,342	2,518	2,815	2,578	2,456	2,705	2,422	2,577
Unemployment rate	15.2	12.7	13.7	15.6	14.0	13.4	14.5	13.2	14.0
Not in labor force	11,262	11,654	11,743	11,190	11,566	11,645	11,311	11,687	11,690
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,264	8,275	8,313	8,254	8,231	8,214	8,296	8,225	8,298
Participation rate	69.0	67.4	67.5	68.9	67.4	67.1	67.6	66.9	67.4
Employed	7,006	7,259	7,162	6,980	7,059	7,052	7,127	7,165	7,134
Employment-population ratio	58.5	59.1	58.2	58.2	57.8	57.6	58.1	58.3	58.0
Unemployed	1,258	1,016	1,150	1,273	1,172	1,162	1,169	1,060	1,164
Unemployment rate	15.2	12.3	13.8	15.4	14.2	14.1	14.1	12.9	14.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,113	9,464	9,438	9,141	9,463	9,377	9,668	9,444	9,454
Participation rate	61.8	62.4	62.1	62.0	62.7	62.0	63.8	62.3	62.2
Employed	7,886	8,404	8,298	7,896	8,323	8,363	8,440	8,360	8,305
Employment-population ratio	53.5	55.4	54.6	53.6	55.1	55.3	55.7	55.1	54.7
Unemployed	1,227	1,060	1,140	1,245	1,140	1,014	1,228	1,085	1,149
Unemployment rate	13.5	11.2	12.1	13.6	12.0	10.8	12.7	11.5	12.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	647	668	600	702	695	756	752	704	651
Participation rate	25.3	25.6	23.1	27.4	26.4	28.8	28.7	27.0	25.1
Employed	394	402	371	405	429	475	444	427	387
Employment-population ratio	15.4	15.4	14.3	15.8	16.3	18.1	17.0	16.4	14.9
Unemployed	254	266	228	296	265	280	307	277	264
Unemployment rate	39.2	39.8	38.0	42.2	38.2	37.1	40.9	39.3	40.5

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	11,580	12,934	12,935	-	-	-	-	-	-
Civilian labor force	7,505	8,344	8,501	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	64.8	64.5	65.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	6,991	7,814	7,940	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.4	61.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	514	530	561	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.4	6.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in labor force	4,075	4,590	4,434	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,885	37,147	37,231	34,885	36,881	36,969	37,058	37,147	37,231
Civilian labor force	23,309	24,479	24,487	23,343	24,351	24,465	24,572	24,544	24,539
Participation rate	66.8	65.9	65.8	66.9	66.0	66.2	66.3	66.1	65.9
Employed	20,731	22,086	22,137	20,776	21,874	22,042	22,112	22,109	22,195
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.5	59.5	59.6	59.3	59.6	59.7	59.5	59.6
Unemployed	2,579	2,394	2,350	2,567	2,477	2,422	2,460	2,435	2,344
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.8	9.6	11.0	10.2	9.9	10.0	9.9	9.6
Not in labor force	11,575	12,667	12,744	11,542	12,529	12,505	12,486	12,602	12,692
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,256	13,463	13,500	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	82.0	80.3	80.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	11,868	12,414	12,366	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	73.4	74.1	73.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,387	1,050	1,134	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	10.5	7.8	8.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,082	9,965	9,941	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	59.4	59.6	59.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	8,146	8,938	9,004	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	53.3	53.4	53.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	936	1,027	938	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.3	9.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	972	1,051	1,046	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	28.3	28.7	28.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	716	734	767	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	20.9	20.1	21.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	256	317	278	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	26.3	30.1	26.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	11,723	11,072	11,156	11,669	11,196	11,183	11,251	11,097	11,120
Participation rate	46.8	45.2	45.2	46.6	45.5	45.0	45.8	45.3	45.1
Employed	10,043	9,762	9,785	10,073	9,852	9,930	9,880	9,753	9,821
Employment-population ratio	40.1	39.8	39.7	40.3	40.0	40.0	40.2	39.8	39.8
Unemployed	1,680	1,310	1,371	1,595	1,344	1,253	1,371	1,344	1,298
Unemployment rate	14.3	11.8	12.3	13.7	12.0	11.2	12.2	12.1	11.7

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	37,114	36,692	36,892	36,863	36,751	36,642	36,735	36,652	36,663
Participation rate	60.1	59.5	59.4	59.7	59.9	59.6	60.0	59.4	59.1
Employed	33,876	33,863	33,921	33,653	33,560	33,504	33,681	33,677	33,713
Employment-population ratio	54.9	54.9	54.6	54.5	54.7	54.5	55.0	54.6	54.3
Unemployed	3,237	2,830	2,971	3,211	3,191	3,138	3,054	2,975	2,950
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.7	8.1	8.7	8.7	8.6	8.3	8.1	8.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,040	37,356	37,341	37,102	37,433	37,512	37,662	37,274	37,397
Participation rate	69.1	68.6	68.6	69.2	68.4	68.6	68.8	68.4	68.7
Employed	34,299	35,009	34,857	34,269	34,958	35,076	35,043	34,832	34,831
Employment-population ratio	64.0	64.3	64.1	63.9	63.9	64.1	64.0	63.9	64.0
Unemployed	2,740	2,348	2,484	2,834	2,476	2,436	2,619	2,442	2,566
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.6	6.5	7.0	6.6	6.9

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	47,102	48,853	48,758	47,183	48,429	48,508	48,670	48,858	48,859
Participation rate	76.0	75.5	75.7	76.1	75.5	75.9	75.3	75.5	75.9
Employed	45,228	47,039	46,892	45,273	46,433	46,549	46,851	46,968	46,954
Employment-population ratio	73.0	72.7	72.8	73.0	72.4	72.8	72.5	72.6	72.9
Unemployed	1,873	1,815	1,866	1,909	1,996	1,959	1,818	1,891	1,905
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.9	3.9
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,429	21,062	19,622	19,235	1,807	1,827
Civilian labor force	11,072	10,806	10,010	9,699	1,062	1,107
Participation rate	51.7	51.3	51.0	50.4	58.8	60.6
Employed	10,215	10,050	9,244	9,043	972	1,007
Employment-population ratio	47.7	47.7	47.1	47.0	53.8	55.1
Unemployed	857	757	766	656	90	100
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.0	7.7	6.8	8.5	9.1
Not in labor force	10,357	10,256	9,612	9,536	745	720

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,341	2,544	1,984	2,128	356	416
Civilian labor force	1,899	2,099	1,668	1,805	230	294
Participation rate	81.1	82.5	84.1	84.8	64.6	70.8
Employed	1,650	1,874	1,469	1,625	181	248
Employment-population ratio	70.5	73.7	74.1	76.4	50.7	59.7
Unemployed	248	226	199	180	50	46
Unemployment rate	13.1	10.8	11.9	9.9	21.6	15.7
Not in labor force	442	445	316	323	126	122

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,986	3,044	2,489	2,529	497	515
Civilian labor force	2,512	2,534	2,158	2,154	354	380
Participation rate	84.1	83.2	86.7	85.2	71.3	73.7
Employed	2,371	2,395	2,029	2,043	342	352
Employment-population ratio	79.4	78.7	81.5	80.8	68.8	68.3
Unemployed	141	139	128	111	13	28
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.5	6.0	5.2	3.6	7.3
Not in labor force	474	510	332	375	142	135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	10,207	9,726	9,886	9,403	321	322
Civilian labor force	3,309	2,960	3,215	2,868	94	93
Participation rate	32.4	30.4	32.5	30.5	29.3	28.7
Employed	3,097	2,776	3,003	2,685	94	91
Employment-population ratio	30.3	28.5	30.4	28.6	29.3	28.2
Unemployed	212	184	212	183	0	1
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.2	6.6	6.4	0.0	1.6
Not in labor force	6,898	6,765	6,671	6,535	227	230

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,895	5,748	5,262	5,175	633	574
Civilian labor force	3,352	3,213	2,969	2,872	383	341
Participation rate	56.9	55.9	56.4	55.5	60.5	59.4
Employed	3,097	3,005	2,742	2,689	355	316
Employment-population ratio	52.5	52.3	52.1	52.0	56.1	55.0
Unemployed	255	208	227	183	28	25
Unemployment rate	7.6	6.5	7.6	6.4	7.3	7.3
Not in labor force	2,543	2,536	2,293	2,303	250	233

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	210,477	214,280	92,807	94,027	117,670	120,253
Civilian labor force	140,627	142,344	71,182	71,654	69,446	70,690
Participation rate	66.8	66.4	76.7	76.2	59.0	58.8
Employed	129,218	131,668	65,018	66,012	64,200	65,656
Employment-population ratio	61.4	61.4	70.1	70.2	54.6	54.6
Unemployed	11,409	10,676	6,163	5,642	5,246	5,034
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.5	8.7	7.9	7.6	7.1
Not in labor force	69,850	71,936	21,625	22,374	48,225	49,562
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	27,339	28,705	213,246	215,645
Civilian labor force	5,652	5,893	147,721	149,011
Participation rate	20.7	20.5	69.3	69.1
Employed	4,889	5,202	135,791	137,858
Employment-population ratio	17.9	18.1	63.7	63.9
Unemployed	763	691	11,929	11,154
Unemployment rate	13.5	11.7	8.1	7.5
Not in labor force	21,687	22,812	65,525	66,634

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,587	2,683	75,294	75,081
Participation rate	34.4	34.2	82.3	82.3
Employed	2,165	2,308	68,793	69,228
Employment-population ratio	28.8	29.4	75.2	75.9
Unemployed	422	375	6,501	5,853
Unemployment rate	16.3	14.0	8.6	7.8
Not in labor force	4,938	5,164	16,228	16,135

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,216	2,190	65,916	67,072
Participation rate	29.8	28.6	70.3	70.6
Employed	1,938	1,935	60,891	62,176
Employment-population ratio	26.1	25.3	65.0	65.5
Unemployed	278	254	5,025	4,896
Unemployment rate	12.5	11.6	7.6	7.3
Not in labor force	5,220	5,463	27,821	27,866

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	849	1,020	6,511	6,858
Participation rate	6.9	7.7	23.3	23.3
Employed	786	959	6,107	6,454
Employment-population ratio	6.4	7.3	21.8	21.9
Unemployed	63	61	403	404
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.0	6.2	5.9
Not in labor force	11,529	12,185	21,475	22,632
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	36,851	37,999	18,201	18,386	18,650	19,613
Civilian labor force	24,836	25,248	14,479	14,468	10,357	10,780
Participation rate	67.4	66.4	79.5	78.7	55.5	55.0
Employed	22,647	23,216	13,271	13,386	9,376	9,830
Employment-population ratio	61.5	61.1	72.9	72.8	50.3	50.1
Unemployed	2,189	2,032	1,208	1,082	981	951
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.0	8.3	7.5	9.5	8.8
Not in labor force	12,015	12,751	3,723	3,918	8,292	8,833

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	203,733	206,351	98,630	99,516	105,103	106,835
Civilian labor force	128,536	129,656	67,540	67,722	60,997	61,934
Participation rate	63.1	62.8	68.5	68.1	58.0	58.0
Employed	118,033	119,844	61,566	62,300	56,467	57,544
Employment-population ratio	57.9	58.1	62.4	62.6	53.7	53.9
Unemployed	10,503	9,812	5,973	5,422	4,530	4,391
Unemployment rate	8.2	7.6	8.8	8.0	7.4	7.1
Not in labor force	75,197	76,695	31,091	31,795	44,106	44,900
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,196	2,045	1,922	2,380	2,146	2,198	2,195	2,121	2,088
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,358	1,274	1,205	1,458	1,388	1,402	1,394	1,320	1,295
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	823	761	683	898	734	759	751	776	747
Unpaid family workers	15	11	33	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	138,485	141,504	141,138	138,508	139,918	140,767	141,245	141,149	141,190
Wage and salary workers(1)	129,966	132,458	132,234	129,811	131,215	131,743	132,326	132,038	132,113
Government	20,652	20,702	20,839	20,523	20,411	20,647	20,555	20,598	20,686
Private industries	109,314	111,757	111,395	109,281	110,749	111,080	111,784	111,429	111,406
Private households	640	754	732	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	108,674	111,002	110,663	108,599	109,987	110,289	111,058	110,659	110,632
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,428	8,977	8,819	8,550	8,754	8,863	8,819	8,959	8,935
Unpaid family workers	91	69	85	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	8,428	7,994	8,166	8,168	8,043	8,607	8,286	8,138	7,918
Slack work or business conditions	5,650	5,032	5,154	5,377	5,195	5,567	5,177	5,084	4,928
Could only find part-time work	2,408	2,706	2,593	2,406	2,524	2,587	2,618	2,648	2,616
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,048	19,392	19,308	18,489	18,954	18,728	18,896	18,594	18,763
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	8,259	7,898	8,038	8,024	7,910	8,552	8,162	8,029	7,812
Slack work or business conditions	5,534	4,975	5,087	5,288	5,118	5,468	5,105	5,025	4,887
Could only find part-time work	2,381	2,685	2,568	2,394	2,527	2,604	2,631	2,650	2,583
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,641	19,043	18,993	18,123	18,596	18,399	18,527	18,310	18,469
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	140,681	143,549	143,060	140,896	142,164	142,974	143,328	143,277	143,305
16 to 19 years	4,193	4,252	4,192	4,400	4,351	4,429	4,469	4,468	4,402
16 to 17 years	1,247	1,290	1,342	1,304	1,382	1,428	1,448	1,351	1,405
18 to 19 years	2,946	2,963	2,849	3,085	2,988	2,986	3,032	3,126	2,985
20 years and over	136,488	139,297	138,868	136,496	137,813	138,545	138,858	138,809	138,903
20 to 24 years	13,041	13,624	13,412	13,193	13,100	13,503	13,549	13,595	13,570
25 years and over	123,447	125,672	125,456	123,378	124,676	125,027	125,285	125,200	125,406
25 to 54 years	94,069	94,523	94,305	94,002	94,048	94,340	94,328	94,079	94,253
25 to 34 years	30,800	31,183	31,162	30,761	30,577	30,805	30,918	30,971	31,115
35 to 44 years	30,350	30,652	30,523	30,339	30,597	30,658	30,668	30,490	30,524
45 to 54 years	32,919	32,688	32,620	32,902	32,874	32,877	32,742	32,618	32,614
55 years and over	29,378	31,149	31,151	29,376	30,628	30,688	30,957	31,121	31,153

Men, 16 years and over	74,837	76,142	75,686	75,217	75,174	75,769	76,027	75,983	76,060
16 to 19 years	2,026	2,021	1,971	2,167	2,077	2,157	2,182	2,163	2,111
16 to 17 years	576	593	632	628	604	651	719	656	690
18 to 19 years	1,450	1,428	1,339	1,536	1,504	1,497	1,467	1,492	1,422
20 years and over	72,812	74,121	73,716	73,050	73,097	73,612	73,845	73,821	73,949
20 to 24 years	6,836	7,147	6,969	6,973	6,764	6,989	7,096	7,125	7,104
25 years and over	65,976	66,975	66,747	66,130	66,407	66,636	66,790	66,720	66,902
25 to 54 years	50,461	50,429	50,286	50,548	50,168	50,352	50,342	50,194	50,370
25 to 34 years	16,877	16,903	16,801	16,880	16,502	16,608	16,715	16,734	16,799
35 to 44 years	16,432	16,488	16,437	16,438	16,519	16,552	16,527	16,380	16,443
45 to 54 years	17,152	17,037	17,048	17,231	17,147	17,193	17,100	17,080	17,127
55 years and over	15,515	16,546	16,460	15,582	16,239	16,284	16,447	16,526	16,532

Women, 16 years and over	65,843	67,407	67,373	65,679	66,990	67,206	67,301	67,294	67,245
16 to 19 years	2,167	2,232	2,221	2,233	2,273	2,272	2,287	2,305	2,291
16 to 17 years	672	697	710	676	779	777	729	695	715
18 to 19 years	1,495	1,535	1,511	1,548	1,484	1,490	1,565	1,634	1,563
20 years and over	63,676	65,175	65,152	63,446	64,716	64,934	65,014	64,988	64,954
20 to 24 years	6,205	6,478	6,443	6,220	6,336	6,514	6,453	6,470	6,467
25 years and over	57,471	58,698	58,709	57,248	58,269	58,391	58,496	58,480	58,504
25 to 54 years	43,608	44,094	44,019	43,454	43,880	43,987	43,986	43,885	43,883
25 to 34 years	13,923	14,280	14,361	13,881	14,075	14,197	14,203	14,237	14,315
35 to 44 years	13,918	14,164	14,086	13,902	14,078	14,106	14,141	14,109	14,080
45 to 54 years	15,767	15,651	15,572	15,671	15,727	15,684	15,643	15,538	15,487
55 years and over	13,863	14,603	14,690	13,794	14,389	14,404	14,510	14,595	14,621

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	43,786	44,293	44,014	43,701	43,913	43,980	44,134	44,016	43,924
Married women, spouse present	34,516	34,839	34,942	34,194	34,788	34,804	34,561	34,576	34,611
Women who maintain families	8,807	9,226	9,125	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	113,050	115,515	115,079	113,820	114,492	115,259	115,469	115,665	115,868
Part-time workers(2)	27,630	28,034	27,980	27,126	27,711	27,692	27,869	27,517	27,502

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,030	7,235	7,081	6,982	6,931	6,882	6,927	7,109	7,017
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,199	5,160	5,175	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,252	9,738	9,502	9,448	9,488	9,622	9,570	9,735	9,682
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	13,049	12,042	12,206	8.5	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8
16 to 19 years	1,310	1,376	1,355	22.9	24.5	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.5
16 to 17 years	502	536	490	27.8	29.3	25.5	25.3	28.4	25.8
18 to 19 years	816	799	872	20.9	22.7	22.7	22.7	20.4	22.6
20 years and over	11,739	10,666	10,852	7.9	7.4	7.2	7.3	7.1	7.2
20 to 24 years	2,183	1,968	2,151	14.2	13.8	12.4	13.2	12.6	13.7
25 years and over	9,560	8,661	8,725	7.2	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
25 to 54 years	7,640	6,742	6,777	7.5	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7
25 to 34 years	3,149	2,642	2,611	9.3	8.3	8.1	8.2	7.9	7.7
35 to 44 years	2,210	2,028	2,158	6.8	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.6
45 to 54 years	2,281	2,071	2,008	6.5	6.3	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.8
55 years and over	1,929	1,911	1,957	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9

Men, 16 years and over	7,152	6,530	6,486	8.7	8.3	8.0	8.0	7.9	7.9
16 to 19 years	782	783	739	26.5	28.5	27.1	26.8	26.6	25.9
16 to 17 years	283	300	231	31.1	36.5	30.0	28.3	31.4	25.1
18 to 19 years	499	466	508	24.5	25.6	25.7	26.4	23.8	26.3
20 years and over	6,370	5,747	5,746	8.0	7.6	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.2
20 to 24 years	1,244	1,031	1,108	15.1	15.1	13.7	13.8	12.6	13.5
25 years and over	5,098	4,698	4,620	7.2	6.8	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.5
25 to 54 years	4,072	3,601	3,525	7.5	7.0	6.7	6.8	6.7	6.5
25 to 34 years	1,725	1,427	1,411	9.3	8.3	8.0	8.1	7.9	7.7
35 to 44 years	1,179	1,069	1,087	6.7	6.3	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.2
45 to 54 years	1,168	1,105	1,027	6.3	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.1	5.7
55 years and over	1,026	1,097	1,095	6.2	6.1	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.2

Women, 16 years and over	5,897	5,512	5,721	8.2	7.8	7.5	7.7	7.6	7.8
16 to 19 years	528	594	615	19.1	20.4	20.2	20.4	20.5	21.2
16 to 17 years	219	236	259	24.5	22.5	21.4	22.0	25.3	26.6
18 to 19 years	317	334	364	17.0	19.5	19.5	18.8	17.0	18.9
20 years and over	5,369	4,918	5,105	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.2	7.0	7.3
20 to 24 years	939	937	1,042	13.1	12.5	10.9	12.5	12.6	13.9
25 years and over	4,462	3,963	4,105	7.2	6.7	6.5	6.6	6.3	6.6
25 to 54 years	3,568	3,141	3,252	7.6	7.1	6.8	6.9	6.7	6.9
25 to 34 years	1,424	1,215	1,200	9.3	8.3	8.2	8.3	7.9	7.7
35 to 44 years	1,031	959	1,071	6.9	6.9	6.4	6.6	6.4	7.1
45 to 54 years	1,113	967	981	6.6	6.2	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.0
55 years and over(1)	832	773	794	5.7	6.2	5.6	5.5	5.0	5.1

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	2,386	2,184	2,173	5.2	4.9	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7
Married women, spouse present	1,941	1,842	1,916	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.2
Women who maintain families(1)	1,308	1,103	1,166	12.9	12.3	11.3	11.5	10.7	11.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	11,247	10,155	10,422	9.0	8.6	8.3	8.3	8.1	8.3
Part-time workers(3)	1,823	1,810	1,819	6.3	6.1	5.7	6.2	6.2	6.2
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	7,691	6,069	6,592	7,487	6,935	6,489	6,536	6,429	6,408
On temporary layoff	1,385	877	1,244	1,208	1,211	1,153	1,077	1,080	1,085
Not on temporary layoff	6,306	5,193	5,348	6,280	5,724	5,335	5,460	5,349	5,323
Permanent job losers	5,000	4,003	4,070	5,003	4,463	4,279	4,261	4,151	4,075
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,306	1,190	1,278	1,276	1,261	1,056	1,199	1,198	1,248
Job leavers	894	913	933	943	946	962	1,009	926	983
Reentrants	3,018	3,199	3,228	3,359	3,316	3,313	3,319	3,325	3,587
New entrants	1,090	1,223	1,092	1,286	1,268	1,253	1,302	1,326	1,291

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	60.6	53.2	55.7	57.3	55.6	54.0	53.7	53.5	52.2
On temporary layoff	10.9	7.7	10.5	9.2	9.7	9.6	8.8	9.0	8.8
Not on temporary layoff	49.7	45.5	45.2	48.0	45.9	44.4	44.9	44.6	43.4
Job leavers	7.0	8.0	7.9	7.2	7.6	8.0	8.3	7.7	8.0
Reentrants	23.8	28.1	27.3	25.7	26.6	27.6	27.3	27.7	29.2
New entrants	8.6	10.7	9.2	9.8	10.2	10.4	10.7	11.0	10.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5.0	3.9	4.3	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
Job leavers	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reentrants	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.3
New entrants	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,640	2,340	2,678	2,640	2,865	2,535	2,633	2,596	2,676
5 to 14 weeks	2,735	2,634	2,732	2,840	2,848	2,825	2,847	2,757	2,838
15 weeks and over	7,317	6,431	6,435	7,583	6,846	6,736	6,829	6,604	6,661
15 to 26 weeks	1,906	1,724	1,817	1,987	1,823	1,866	1,813	1,820	1,895
27 weeks and over	5,411	4,707	4,618	5,596	5,023	4,871	5,017	4,784	4,766

Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)	39.7	40.1	37.0	40.7	39.3	39.6	39.9	39.7	38.1
Median duration, in weeks	21.0	19.5	18.1	20.8	18.2	18.7	19.6	18.9	18.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	20.8	20.5	22.6	20.2	22.8	21.0	21.4	21.7	22.0
5 to 14 weeks	21.5	23.1	23.1	21.7	22.7	23.4	23.1	23.1	23.3
15 weeks and over	57.7	56.4	54.3	58.0	54.5	55.7	55.5	55.2	54.7
15 to 26 weeks	15.0	15.1	15.3	15.2	14.5	15.4	14.7	15.2	15.6
27 weeks and over	42.6	41.3	39.0	42.8	40.0	40.3	40.8	40.0	39.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
Total, 16 years and over(1)	140,681	143,060	12,692	11,844	8.3	7.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	52,808	54,635	2,303	2,221	4.2	3.9
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22,039	22,757	1,019	963	4.4	4.1
Professional and related occupations	30,769	31,877	1,284	1,258	4.0	3.8
Service occupations	24,678	25,075	2,542	2,465	9.3	9.0
Sales and office occupations	33,310	33,497	2,844	2,515	7.9	7.0
Sales and related occupations	15,826	15,396	1,325	1,161	7.7	7.0
Office and administrative support occupations	17,484	18,101	1,518	1,354	8.0	7.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,104	12,811	1,924	1,722	12.8	11.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	915	863	203	194	18.2	18.3
Construction and extraction occupations	7,220	7,069	1,417	1,194	16.4	14.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,970	4,879	304	334	5.8	6.4
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	16,781	17,042	1,942	1,788	10.4	9.5
Production occupations	8,441	8,357	1,008	846	10.7	9.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,340	8,685	933	943	10.1	9.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
Total, 16 years and over(1)	12,692	11,844	8.3	7.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	9,956	9,104	8.3	7.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	59	58	6.9	6.3
Construction	1,327	1,105	16.0	13.5
Manufacturing	1,217	1,145	7.9	7.5
Durable goods	783	706	8.0	7.3
Nondurable goods	434	439	7.6	7.7
Wholesale and retail trade	1,701	1,430	8.2	7.0
Transportation and utilities	399	369	7.0	6.1
Information	235	229	7.7	8.0
Financial activities	514	386	5.6	4.1
Professional and business services	1,403	1,307	9.3	8.7
Education and health services	1,201	1,177	5.5	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,395	1,426	10.8	10.8
Other services	505	472	8.0	7.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	215	209	14.3	15.1
Government workers	892	874	4.1	4.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	539	566	5.5	5.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Dec. 2011	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Aug. 2012	Sept. 2012	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012	Dec. 2012
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	4.8	4.2	4.2	4.9	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.0	3.9	4.3	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	8.3	7.4	7.6	8.5	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	8.8	7.9	8.3	9.0	8.6	8.3	8.4	8.3	8.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.8	8.8	9.2	10.0	9.6	9.3	9.3	9.2	9.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	15.2	13.9	14.4	15.2	14.7	14.7	14.5	14.4	14.4
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2012
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	87,212	89,445	34,813	35,712	52,398	53,733
Persons who currently want a job	6,135	6,532	2,911	3,064	3,224	3,467
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,540	2,614	1,304	1,303	1,237	1,311
Discouraged workers(2)	945	1,068	565	636	380	433
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,595	1,545	738	667	857	878

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,030	7,081	3,523	3,485	3,506	3,597
Percent of total employed	5.0	4.9	4.7	4.6	5.3	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,504	3,591	1,981	1,976	1,523	1,615
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,990	2,118	689	729	1,301	1,390
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	239	228	125	137	114	91
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,248	1,088	711	608	537	481
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Change from: Nov.2012 - Dec.2012(p)
Total nonfarm	132,965	134,708	135,065	134,822	132,186	133,705	133,866	134,021	155
Total private	110,632	112,398	112,651	112,548	110,193	111,757	111,928	112,096	168
Goods-producing	18,076	18,615	18,448	18,297	18,176	18,331	18,330	18,389	59

Mining and logging	818	839	835	831	822	829	833	837	4
Logging	48.5	52.0	50.9	51.1	48.7	50.0	50.0	50.7	0.7
Mining	769.9	787.2	784.1	780.1	773.3	779.3	783.4	786.1	2.7
Oil and gas extraction	186.3	195.4	196.0	197.3	186.3	196.1	196.9	198.4	1.5
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	216.4	219.1	215.1	209.5	220.5	214.5	214.0	213.9	-0.1
Coal mining	86.9	79.4	78.6	78.5	86.6	79.7	79.2	78.6	-0.6
Support activities for mining	367.2	372.7	373.0	373.3	366.5	368.7	372.5	373.8	1.3

Construction	5,441	5,772	5,644	5,482	5,546	5,544	5,534	5,564	30
Construction of buildings	1,222.6	1,262.4	1,241.6	1,229.2	1,226.7	1,225.0	1,219.5	1,232.3	12.8
Residential building	570.6	578.6	574.3	564.2	571.4	562.5	559.0	564.8	5.8
Nonresidential building	652.0	683.8	667.3	665.0	655.3	662.5	660.5	667.5	7.0
Heavy and civil engineering construction	798.8	910.5	872.0	806.2	840.0	844.5	841.1	840.4	-0.7
Specialty trade contractors	3,419.3	3,598.7	3,530.3	3,446.8	3,479.6	3,474.0	3,473.1	3,491.0	17.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,425.1	1,528.0	1,500.4	1,464.1	1,455.0	1,473.7	1,479.1	1,491.4	12.3
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	1,994.2	2,070.7	2,029.9	1,982.7	2,024.6	2,000.3	1,994.0	1,999.6	5.6

Manufacturing	11,817	12,004	11,969	11,984	11,808	11,958	11,963	11,988	25

Durable goods	7,366	7,486	7,489	7,504	7,361	7,474	7,492	7,503	11
Wood products	329.4	333.9	335.3	335.8	332.0	332.6	335.6	337.5	1.9
Nonmetallic mineral products	361.2	367.5	365.4	361.4	367.0	361.2	363.1	366.6	3.5
Primary metals	400.8	406.6	404.7	404.1	400.7	405.9	404.7	404.9	0.2
Fabricated metal products	1,366.6	1,410.1	1,410.2	1,407.9	1,367.8	1,406.1	1,409.0	1,408.3	-0.7
Machinery	1,086.0	1,100.2	1,100.3	1,105.5	1,082.0	1,101.7	1,104.1	1,106.1	2.0
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,110.2	1,099.3	1,095.4	1,099.9	1,107.4	1,100.3	1,097.3	1,097.3	0.0
Computer and peripheral equipment	162.7	164.0	164.5	165.4	162.2	164.6	164.3	164.3	0.0
Communications equipment	112.5	107.0	106.6	107.0	112.2	107.1	106.8	106.7	-0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	387.0	384.9	382.0	383.3	386.5	384.7	383.2	382.8	-0.4
Electronic instruments	402.6	398.2	397.6	399.5	401.4	398.9	398.9	399.3	0.4
Electrical equipment and appliances	369.2	372.0	370.6	369.9	369.1	371.9	371.7	369.6	-2.1
Transportation equipment(1)	1,421.1	1,466.3	1,478.1	1,488.5	1,414.2	1,466.2	1,477.8	1,483.8	6.0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	742.8	773.2	784.8	792.9	737.6	773.6	785.0	789.8	4.8
Furniture and related products	346.1	349.1	346.5	347.5	348.6	348.5	348.6	348.2	-0.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing	575.4	580.5	582.9	583.2	572.6	579.8	579.6	580.7	1.1

Nondurable goods	4,451	4,518	4,480	4,480	4,447	4,484	4,471	4,485	14
Food manufacturing	1,448.0	1,493.1	1,466.9	1,457.3	1,442.2	1,466.5	1,455.3	1,459.8	4.5
Beverages and tobacco products	189.1	205.8	201.8	200.9	191.9	201.3	202.3	203.7	1.4
Textile mills	119.1	117.8	119.4	119.5	119.6	118.3	119.5	119.9	0.4
Textile product mills	114.4	114.2	114.0	115.1	114.3	114.0	114.2	115.0	0.8
Apparel	148.7	147.2	146.8	145.3	150.1	146.5	146.2	145.8	-0.4
Leather and allied products	30.4	29.0	29.3	29.5	30.3	28.9	29.0	29.5	0.5
Paper and paper products	393.6	390.1	388.5	388.7	392.2	390.0	388.6	388.1	-0.5
Printing and related support activities	460.9	452.5	453.9	454.1	459.6	451.4	452.2	452.6	0.4
Petroleum and coal products	111.8	118.9	117.3	115.8	113.9	115.7	116.4	117.3	0.9
Chemicals	796.6	800.1	790.7	801.0	793.8	801.5	795.3	799.6	4.3
Plastics and rubber products	638.2	649.6	651.1	652.6	639.5	649.6	651.8	653.9	2.1

Private service-providing	92,556	93,783	94,203	94,251	92,017	93,426	93,598	93,707	109

Trade, transportation, and utilities	25,803	25,532	26,051	26,137	25,181	25,465	25,543	25,532	-11

Wholesale trade	5,580.1	5,666.7	5,674.9	5,669.4	5,568.8	5,649.2	5,659.7	5,659.6	-0.1
Durable goods	2,773.8	2,801.3	2,802.8	2,806.2	2,770.5	2,795.8	2,800.2	2,803.0	2.8
Nondurable goods	1,957.8	1,996.1	2,001.5	1,990.8	1,952.8	1,986.2	1,990.2	1,986.9	-3.3
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	848.5	869.3	870.6	872.4	845.5	867.2	869.3	869.7	0.4

Retail trade	15,231.1	14,855.1	15,345.5	15,433.8	14,731.5	14,848.7	14,911.5	14,900.2	-11.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,699.0	1,737.8	1,734.7	1,728.9	1,709.3	1,731.1	1,735.7	1,739.6	3.9
Automobile dealers	1,067.9	1,098.3	1,096.1	1,095.5	1,071.4	1,094.7	1,096.3	1,100.3	4.0
Furniture and home furnishings stores	467.4	460.5	470.1	477.4	446.5	452.8	452.1	452.6	0.5
Electronics and appliance stores	541.8	496.3	532.8	535.1	514.8	497.5	508.0	508.8	0.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,108.2	1,132.5	1,130.2	1,123.2	1,141.8	1,155.2	1,158.8	1,160.1	1.3
Food and beverage stores	2,874.5	2,893.8	2,925.0	2,927.0	2,848.5	2,890.9	2,897.6	2,901.4	3.8
Health and personal care stores	999.9	1,015.4	1,027.6	1,035.3	984.2	1,016.3	1,017.1	1,017.8	0.7
Gasoline stations	827.2	833.5	836.9	836.1	830.5	832.6	835.6	837.0	1.4
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,527.9	1,416.9	1,580.4	1,580.3	1,384.5	1,408.9	1,439.2	1,420.5	-18.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	603.2	568.4	604.6	604.0	558.2	567.4	565.9	563.5	-2.4
General merchandise stores(1)	3,337.1	3,049.9	3,244.8	3,321.9	3,116.0	3,070.6	3,084.7	3,085.0	0.3
Department stores	1,734.6	1,491.6	1,627.7	1,681.8	1,567.1	1,511.7	1,514.1	1,509.3	-4.8
Miscellaneous store retailers	778.0	802.8	792.7	789.7	761.5	789.0	780.3	774.9	-5.4
Nonstore retailers	466.9	447.3	465.7	474.9	435.7	436.4	436.5	439.0	2.5

Transportation and warehousing	4,435.0	4,445.2	4,469.1	4,468.6	4,321.8	4,401.7	4,407.5	4,406.9	-0.6
Air transportation	455.1	451.9	447.7	446.4	456.1	452.4	449.1	448.1	-1.0
Rail transportation	231.4	232.2	232.5	231.8	231.7	231.6	231.2	231.4	0.2
Water transportation	63.0	68.1	67.5	67.2	63.3	67.6	68.4	67.7	-0.7
Truck transportation	1,315.6	1,373.4	1,368.8	1,362.4	1,318.1	1,355.4	1,358.3	1,362.5	4.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	449.3	463.5	463.5	464.9	433.5	444.8	445.5	447.6	2.1
Pipeline transportation	43.5	44.2	44.4	44.6	43.4	44.2	44.4	44.4	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.4	31.4	27.7	26.1	29.6	30.6	30.8	31.4	0.6
Support activities for transportation	575.7	591.1	586.7	590.8	574.1	587.4	584.8	587.4	2.6
Couriers and messengers	618.2	515.0	547.6	550.4	521.9	520.5	524.5	513.7	-10.8
Warehousing and storage	658.8	674.4	682.7	684.0	650.1	667.2	670.5	672.7	2.2

Utilities	557.1	564.7	561.6	565.0	559.1	565.3	563.8	565.6	1.8

Information	2,660	2,616	2,650	2,641	2,645	2,621	2,634	2,625	-9
Publishing industries, except Internet	749.9	738.6	736.2	735.4	746.1	736.2	733.0	730.3	-2.7
Motion picture and sound recording industries	367.2	357.1	387.3	381.7	363.8	365.3	381.5	378.8	-2.7
Broadcasting, except Internet	281.0	279.3	280.6	279.5	279.6	278.4	278.4	278.2	-0.2
Telecommunications	851.9	827.8	832.5	830.8	846.9	828.5	828.2	826.4	-1.8
Data processing, hosting and related services	243.7	241.4	241.6	242.2	242.5	241.6	240.7	240.9	0.2
Other information services	166.5	171.6	172.2	171.1	166.5	171.2	171.9	170.6	-1.3

Financial activities	7,707	7,771	7,764	7,793	7,696	7,767	7,767	7,776	9
Finance and insurance	5,771.2	5,804.0	5,816.2	5,837.2	5,756.8	5,806.0	5,811.2	5,818.8	7.6
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.8	19.4	19.5	19.7	18.9	19.4	19.5	19.7	0.2
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,578.3	2,604.1	2,613.7	2,621.0	2,570.1	2,607.1	2,609.7	2,611.3	1.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,748.1	1,746.4	1,747.8	1,754.7	1,745.9	1,749.8	1,750.5	1,750.0	-0.5
Commercial banking	1,321.1	1,315.7	1,314.7	1,317.2	1,319.7	1,317.3	1,316.9	1,314.3	-2.6
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	804.5	806.3	805.2	808.5	803.7	805.1	803.2	806.8	3.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,285.0	2,289.9	2,294.1	2,303.7	2,279.6	2,290.2	2,295.1	2,297.5	2.4
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles	84.6	84.3	83.7	84.3	84.5	84.2	83.7	83.5	-0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,935.6	1,967.3	1,947.8	1,955.3	1,939.0	1,961.1	1,955.7	1,957.0	1.3
Real estate	1,409.1	1,424.2	1,413.0	1,424.4	1,408.5	1,420.0	1,416.5	1,419.2	2.7
Rental and leasing services	502.1	520.0	511.6	507.7	506.3	518.1	516.3	515.0	-1.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	24.4	23.1	23.2	23.2	24.2	23.0	22.9	22.8	-0.1

Professional and business services	17,698	18,181	18,177	18,147	17,593	18,014	18,046	18,065	19
Professional and technical services(1)	7,859.3	7,968.9	7,995.4	8,076.2	7,815.5	8,004.4	8,020.9	8,037.8	16.9
Legal services	1,118.8	1,123.3	1,123.4	1,125.7	1,115.6	1,122.6	1,122.4	1,123.4	1.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	966.3	883.1	900.1	961.6	957.8	956.2	956.1	952.1	-4.0
Architectural and engineering services	1,303.1	1,336.9	1,335.4	1,336.6	1,303.1	1,330.2	1,333.2	1,337.0	3.8
Computer systems design and related services	1,564.3	1,630.3	1,639.0	1,642.9	1,557.8	1,623.8	1,632.7	1,638.3	5.6
Management and technical consulting services	1,112.9	1,162.6	1,161.0	1,171.6	1,099.6	1,152.4	1,152.0	1,157.8	5.8
Management of companies and enterprises	1,939.2	1,958.3	1,968.1	1,974.1	1,932.5	1,959.4	1,965.2	1,967.1	1.9
Administrative and waste services	7,899.2	8,254.0	8,213.7	8,097.1	7,844.9	8,050.1	8,059.8	8,060.1	0.3
Administrative and support services(1)	7,533.7	7,879.4	7,841.8	7,727.8	7,477.0	7,678.5	7,687.7	7,688.2	0.5
Employment services(1)	3,163.4	3,336.1	3,322.7	3,284.2	3,047.9	3,208.0	3,204.4	3,196.1	-8.3
Temporary help services	2,505.8	2,655.0	2,654.4	2,620.9	2,396.3	2,542.5	2,550.3	2,549.7	-0.6
Business support services	838.8	840.3	851.0	854.4	819.9	829.6	831.6	829.5	-2.1
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,702.1	1,840.6	1,807.9	1,727.5	1,780.5	1,792.3	1,798.3	1,798.5	0.2
Waste management and remediation services	365.5	374.6	371.9	369.3	367.9	371.6	372.1	371.9	-0.2

Education and health services	20,236	20,609	20,684	20,703	20,079	20,442	20,466	20,531	65
Educational services	3,396.8	3,472.0	3,504.3	3,453.7	3,278.9	3,331.6	3,328.8	3,339.1	10.3
Health care and social assistance	16,839.2	17,136.9	17,179.9	17,249.0	16,800.3	17,110.8	17,136.7	17,191.7	55.0
Health care(3)	14,204.4	14,475.0	14,501.0	14,558.4	14,185.4	14,458.9	14,478.6	14,523.1	44.5
Ambulatory health care services(1)	6,249.3	6,432.2	6,432.5	6,462.4	6,237.0	6,414.0	6,418.4	6,441.4	23.0
Offices of physicians	2,402.3	2,456.2	2,458.9	2,472.4	2,389.9	2,449.2	2,450.5	2,457.3	6.8
Outpatient care centers	639.8	674.6	673.0	678.1	637.9	673.3	674.1	677.0	2.9
Home health care services	1,160.0	1,219.6	1,217.5	1,221.5	1,160.0	1,214.7	1,214.4	1,219.8	5.4
Hospitals	4,775.7	4,839.3	4,852.4	4,868.7	4,774.3	4,841.0	4,850.4	4,862.1	11.7
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,179.4	3,203.5	3,216.1	3,227.3	3,174.1	3,203.9	3,209.8	3,219.6	9.8
Nursing care facilities	1,664.7	1,659.9	1,667.3	1,666.9	1,661.4	1,660.2	1,662.5	1,663.4	0.9
Social assistance(1)	2,634.8	2,661.9	2,678.9	2,690.6	2,614.9	2,651.9	2,658.1	2,668.6	10.5
Child day care services	854.6	855.7	856.7	852.4	841.5	842.8	839.4	839.4	0.0

Leisure and hospitality	13,116	13,680	13,497	13,456	13,464	13,724	13,753	13,784	31
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,746.7	1,891.7	1,803.6	1,794.4	1,911.0	1,932.7	1,946.8	1,944.8	-2.0
Performing arts and spectator sports	373.3	411.5	394.2	392.3	392.9	407.5	406.4	409.3	2.9
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	128.1	135.0	130.3	129.2	135.4	135.3	135.8	135.9	0.1
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,245.3	1,345.2	1,279.1	1,272.9	1,382.7	1,389.9	1,404.6	1,399.6	-5.0
Accommodation and food services	11,369.2	11,788.0	11,693.1	11,662.0	11,552.5	11,791.1	11,806.4	11,839.6	33.2
Accommodation	1,734.9	1,799.2	1,756.0	1,738.9	1,802.0	1,807.8	1,808.3	1,803.5	-4.8
Food services and drinking places	9,634.3	9,988.8	9,937.1	9,923.1	9,750.5	9,983.3	9,998.1	10,036.1	38.0

Other services	5,336	5,394	5,380	5,374	5,359	5,393	5,389	5,394	5
Repair and maintenance	1,156.9	1,168.9	1,161.2	1,160.6	1,165.3	1,166.4	1,164.1	1,168.5	4.4
Personal and laundry services	1,289.9	1,304.1	1,304.3	1,302.3	1,292.3	1,305.8	1,305.4	1,303.5	-1.9
Membership associations and organizations	2,889.0	2,920.5	2,914.6	2,910.7	2,901.1	2,920.8	2,919.9	2,922.2	2.3

Government	22,333	22,310	22,414	22,274	21,993	21,948	21,938	21,925	-13
Federal	2,834.0	2,805.0	2,785.0	2,793.0	2,836.0	2,803.0	2,797.0	2,794.0	-3.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,211.6	2,193.4	2,184.4	2,184.8	2,216.2	2,196.3	2,194.4	2,192.0	-2.4
U.S. Postal Service	622.1	611.7	600.1	608.5	619.5	606.5	602.3	602.1	-0.2
State government	5,156.0	5,216.0	5,236.0	5,176.0	5,048.0	5,067.0	5,068.0	5,072.0	4.0
State government education	2,491.8	2,586.1	2,608.4	2,543.5	2,377.9	2,425.7	2,428.3	2,430.8	2.5
State government, excluding education	2,663.7	2,630.2	2,627.6	2,632.0	2,670.3	2,640.8	2,640.0	2,641.0	1.0
Local government	14,343.0	14,289.0	14,393.0	14,305.0	14,109.0	14,078.0	14,073.0	14,059.0	-14.0
Local government education	8,173.3	8,071.1	8,166.8	8,129.5	7,859.5	7,824.0	7,817.1	7,805.6	-11.5
Local government, excluding education	6,170.1	6,218.2	6,225.7	6,175.1	6,249.5	6,254.3	6,256.0	6,253.8	-2.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.4	34.5
Goods-producing	40.2	40.1	40.2	40.4
Mining and logging	44.7	43.5	43.5	44.0
Construction	38.4	38.8	38.9	39.3
Manufacturing	40.7	40.5	40.6	40.7
Durable goods	41.1	40.7	40.9	40.9
Nondurable goods	40.0	40.0	40.1	40.3
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.7	34.4	34.6	34.5
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.6	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	31.8	31.4	31.6	31.5
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.3	38.5	38.5
Utilities	41.1	41.5	42.6	42.0
Information	36.6	36.2	36.5	36.6
Financial activities	37.3	37.2	37.3	37.3
Professional and business services	35.8	35.8	36.0	35.9
Education and health services	32.8	32.8	32.8	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.0	26.0	26.2
Other services	31.6	31.5	31.5	31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3
Durable goods	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
Total private	$23.25	$23.59	$23.66	$23.73	$799.80	$809.14	$813.90	$818.69
Goods-producing	24.55	24.77	24.87	24.95	986.91	993.28	999.77	1,007.98
Mining and logging	28.39	28.72	28.94	29.09	1,269.03	1,249.32	1,258.89	1,279.96
Construction	25.44	25.85	25.96	25.98	976.90	1,002.98	1,009.84	1,021.01
Manufacturing	23.86	24.00	24.08	24.18	971.10	972.00	977.65	984.13
Durable goods	25.33	25.40	25.48	25.59	1,041.06	1,033.78	1,042.13	1,046.63
Nondurable goods	21.37	21.63	21.70	21.78	854.80	865.20	870.17	877.73
Private service-providing	22.94	23.31	23.37	23.44	763.90	773.89	778.22	780.55
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.22	20.59	20.63	20.71	701.63	708.30	713.80	714.50
Wholesale trade	26.49	27.04	27.12	27.27	1,027.81	1,043.74	1,049.54	1,055.35
Retail trade	16.03	16.41	16.40	16.49	509.75	515.27	518.24	519.44
Transportation and warehousing	22.00	21.91	21.92	21.94	842.60	839.15	843.92	844.69
Utilities	33.68	34.24	35.32	34.99	1,384.25	1,420.96	1,504.63	1,469.58
Information	31.73	31.73	31.80	32.03	1,161.32	1,148.63	1,160.70	1,172.30
Financial activities	28.30	29.45	29.51	29.58	1,055.59	1,095.54	1,100.72	1,103.33
Professional and business services	27.90	28.14	28.21	28.29	998.82	1,007.41	1,015.56	1,015.61
Education and health services	23.90	24.30	24.40	24.47	783.92	797.04	800.32	800.17
Leisure and hospitality	13.33	13.38	13.40	13.41	347.91	347.88	348.40	351.34
Other services	20.67	20.86	20.87	20.96	653.17	657.09	657.41	662.34
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2012 - Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2012 - Dec. 2012(p)
Total private	95.0	96.1	96.5	96.9	0.4	105.3	108.1	108.9	109.7	0.7
Goods-producing	83.2	83.7	84.0	84.6	0.7	92.4	93.8	94.4	95.4	1.1
Mining and logging	115.5	113.3	113.9	115.7	1.6	131.6	130.7	132.3	135.2	2.2
Construction	73.4	74.2	74.2	75.4	1.6	81.1	83.3	83.7	85.1	1.7
Manufacturing	86.5	87.1	87.4	87.8	0.5	95.9	97.2	97.9	98.7	0.8
Durable goods	85.2	85.6	86.3	86.4	0.1	95.8	96.6	97.6	98.2	0.6
Nondurable goods	88.8	89.5	89.5	90.2	0.8	96.3	98.3	98.5	99.7	1.2
Private service-providing	98.4	99.6	100.1	100.2	0.1	109.4	112.5	113.3	113.8	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	95.0	95.3	96.1	95.8	-0.3	103.4	105.6	106.7	106.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	94.3	95.1	95.6	95.6	0.0	104.2	107.4	108.2	108.8	0.6
Retail trade	95.2	94.7	95.7	95.3	-0.4	100.8	102.7	103.8	103.9	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	94.7	96.5	97.1	97.1	0.0	105.8	107.3	108.0	108.1	0.1
Utilities	99.4	101.5	103.9	102.8	-1.1	110.6	114.8	121.3	118.8	-2.1
Information	88.4	86.7	87.8	87.7	-0.1	99.9	97.9	99.4	100.1	0.7
Financial activities	94.6	95.2	95.5	95.6	0.1	104.5	109.4	110.0	110.4	0.4
Professional and business services	99.1	101.4	102.2	102.0	-0.2	112.0	115.6	116.8	116.9	0.1
Education and health services	107.2	109.2	109.3	109.3	0.0	120.0	124.3	124.9	125.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	100.3	101.8	102.0	103.0	1.0	107.8	109.9	110.3	111.5	1.1
Other services	93.8	94.1	94.1	94.4	0.3	110.1	111.4	111.4	112.3	0.8
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
Total nonfarm	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total private	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Goods-producing	4,044	4,093	4,098	4,096	22.2	22.3	22.4	22.3
Mining and logging	109	113	113	112	13.3	13.6	13.6	13.4
Construction	709	716	717	716	12.8	12.9	13.0	12.9
Manufacturing	3,226	3,264	3,268	3,268	27.3	27.3	27.3	27.3
Durable goods	1,714	1,729	1,731	1,733	23.3	23.1	23.1	23.1
Nondurable goods	1,512	1,535	1,537	1,535	34.0	34.2	34.4	34.2
Private service-providing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Wholesale trade	1,678.0	1,695.6	1,693.8	1,686.6	30.1	30.0	29.9	29.8
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Transportation and warehousing	1,006.0	1,024.9	1,026.2	1,032.6	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.4
Utilities	137.3	141.1	141.4	142.0	24.6	25.0	25.1	25.1
Information	1,069	1,056	1,058	1,060	40.4	40.3	40.2	40.4
Financial activities	4,480	4,506	4,511	4,515	58.2	58.0	58.1	58.1
Professional and business services	7,805	7,963	7,973	7,977	44.4	44.2	44.2	44.2
Education and health services	15,417	15,692	15,717	15,768	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	7,025	7,155	7,179	7,195	52.2	52.1	52.2	52.2
Other services	2,824	2,849	2,844	2,845	52.7	52.8	52.8	52.7
Government	12,574	12,513	12,509	12,498	57.2	57.0	57.0	57.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Some data in this table have been temporarily suspended. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_retail_correction.htm.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
Total private	90,956	92,367	92,489	92,634
Goods-producing	13,111	13,186	13,176	13,227
Mining and logging	621	624	625	627
Construction	4,193	4,151	4,148	4,175
Manufacturing	8,297	8,411	8,403	8,425
Durable goods	5,059	5,149	5,159	5,167
Nondurable goods	3,238	3,262	3,244	3,258
Private service-providing	77,845	79,181	79,313	79,407
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21,361	21,617	21,670	21,651
Wholesale trade	4,473.6	4,554.2	4,558.6	4,559.8
Retail trade	12,717.6	12,793.8	12,838.1	12,816.4
Transportation and warehousing	3,724.7	3,817.6	3,821.8	3,822.6
Utilities	445.4	451.7	451.4	452.0
Information	2,128	2,122	2,134	2,125
Financial activities	5,900	5,979	5,978	5,990
Professional and business services	14,480	14,927	14,948	14,977
Education and health services	17,607	17,910	17,934	17,981
Leisure and hospitality	11,878	12,121	12,145	12,177
Other services	4,491	4,505	4,504	4,506
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.6	33.7	33.8
Goods-producing	41.1	41.0	41.1	41.2
Mining and logging	47.6	45.8	46.1	46.4
Construction	39.2	39.4	39.4	39.6
Manufacturing	41.6	41.5	41.6	41.6
Durable goods	42.1	41.8	41.9	41.8
Nondurable goods	40.9	41.0	41.1	41.1
Private service-providing	32.5	32.4	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	33.6	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.7	38.6	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	30.7	30.3	30.6	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	37.7	38.0	38.2	38.3
Utilities	40.5	40.8	42.0	41.6
Information	36.0	35.6	35.9	35.8
Financial activities	36.6	36.8	36.8	36.7
Professional and business services	35.2	35.1	35.2	35.4
Education and health services	32.3	32.3	32.3	32.3
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.9	24.9	25.1
Other services	30.8	30.5	30.5	30.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.2
Durable goods	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1
Nondurable goods	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)
Total private	$19.59	$19.82	$19.86	$19.92	$660.18	$665.95	$669.28	$673.30
Goods-producing	20.78	21.02	21.07	21.12	854.06	861.82	865.98	870.14
Mining and logging	24.89	25.96	26.13	26.10	1,184.76	1,188.97	1,204.59	1,211.04
Construction	23.75	24.06	24.12	24.17	931.00	947.96	950.33	957.13
Manufacturing	19.02	19.18	19.23	19.26	791.23	795.97	799.97	801.22
Durable goods	20.15	20.25	20.29	20.34	848.32	846.45	850.15	850.21
Nondurable goods	17.19	17.47	17.50	17.51	703.07	716.27	719.25	719.66
Private service-providing	19.34	19.56	19.60	19.66	628.55	633.74	637.00	638.95
Trade, transportation, and utilities	17.25	17.46	17.48	17.51	583.05	586.66	592.57	593.59
Wholesale trade	21.97	22.24	22.30	22.39	850.24	858.46	863.01	866.49
Retail trade	13.68	13.85	13.84	13.86	419.98	419.66	423.50	424.12
Transportation and warehousing	19.60	19.48	19.48	19.53	738.92	740.24	744.14	748.00
Utilities	30.99	31.87	32.60	32.07	1,255.10	1,300.30	1,369.20	1,334.11
Information	26.80	27.05	26.98	27.20	964.80	962.98	968.58	973.76
Financial activities	22.26	23.04	23.19	23.43	814.72	847.87	853.39	859.88
Professional and business services	23.12	23.32	23.38	23.44	813.82	818.53	822.98	829.78
Education and health services	21.01	21.12	21.16	21.21	678.62	682.18	683.47	685.08
Leisure and hospitality	11.53	11.65	11.65	11.69	287.10	290.09	290.09	293.42
Other services	17.42	17.54	17.56	17.59	536.54	534.97	535.58	536.50
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2012 - Dec. 2012(p)	Dec. 2011	Oct. 2012	Nov. 2012(p)	Dec. 2012(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2012 - Dec. 2012(p)
Total private	102.4	103.7	104.1	104.6	0.5	134.1	137.3	138.2	139.2	0.7
Goods-producing	82.3	82.6	82.8	83.3	0.6	104.8	106.4	106.8	107.7	0.8
Mining and logging	157.1	151.9	153.1	154.6	1.0	227.4	229.3	232.7	234.7	0.9
Construction	82.3	81.9	81.8	82.8	1.2	105.5	106.4	106.6	108.0	1.3
Manufacturing	79.2	80.1	80.2	80.5	0.4	98.6	100.5	100.9	101.3	0.4
Durable goods	80.0	80.9	81.2	81.2	0.0	100.7	102.3	102.9	103.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	78.0	78.8	78.6	78.9	0.4	94.8	97.3	97.1	97.6	0.5
Private service-providing	108.2	109.7	110.2	110.3	0.1	143.4	147.1	148.1	148.7	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	100.7	101.3	102.4	102.3	-0.1	123.9	126.1	127.7	127.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	102.0	103.5	103.9	103.9	0.0	132.0	135.6	136.5	137.1	0.4
Retail trade	98.8	98.1	99.4	99.3	-0.1	115.9	116.5	118.0	117.9	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	105.7	109.2	109.9	110.2	0.3	131.4	134.9	135.8	136.5	0.5
Utilities	92.3	94.2	97.0	96.2	-0.8	119.3	125.4	131.9	128.7	-2.4
Information	87.4	86.2	87.4	86.8	-0.7	116.0	115.5	116.8	116.9	0.1
Financial activities	103.3	105.3	105.3	105.2	-0.1	142.2	150.0	150.9	152.4	1.0
Professional and business services	114.2	117.4	117.9	118.8	0.8	157.2	163.0	164.1	165.7	1.0
Education and health services	122.7	124.8	125.0	125.3	0.2	169.4	173.3	173.8	174.7	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	108.3	110.6	110.8	112.0	1.1	141.9	146.3	146.6	148.6	1.4
Other services	97.0	96.4	96.3	96.4	0.1	123.1	123.2	123.3	123.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary

Last Modified Date: January 04, 2013

Employment status, sex, and age	2011	2012
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	240,584	242,269	242,435	242,604	242,784	242,966	243,155	243,354	243,566	243,772	243,983	244,174	244,350
Civilian labor force	153,945	154,356	154,825	154,707	154,451	154,998	155,149	154,995	154,647	155,056	155,576	155,319	155,511
Participation rate	64.0	63.7	63.9	63.8	63.6	63.8	63.8	63.7	63.5	63.6	63.8	63.6	63.6
Employed	140,896	141,608	142,019	142,020	141,934	142,302	142,448	142,250	142,164	142,974	143,328	143,277	143,305
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.5	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.5	58.4	58.7	58.7	58.7	58.6
Unemployed	13,049	12,748	12,806	12,686	12,518	12,695	12,701	12,745	12,483	12,082	12,248	12,042	12,206
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.1	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	108,290	108,087	108,188	108,289	108,396	108,503	108,613	108,727	108,851	108,973	109,096	109,206	109,308
Civilian labor force	79,420	79,203	79,301	79,313	79,103	79,373	79,432	79,376	79,085	79,436	79,679	79,568	79,695
Participation rate	73.3	73.3	73.3	73.2	73.0	73.2	73.1	73.0	72.7	72.9	73.0	72.9	72.9
Employed	73,050	73,138	73,179	73,238	73,145	73,230	73,299	73,288	73,097	73,612	73,845	73,821	73,949
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.7	67.6	67.6	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.4	67.2	67.6	67.7	67.6	67.7
Unemployed	6,370	6,065	6,123	6,075	5,958	6,143	6,133	6,089	5,988	5,825	5,834	5,747	5,746
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.6	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	115,602	117,082	117,170	117,260	117,353	117,448	117,546	117,648	117,760	117,869	117,980	118,079	118,170
Civilian labor force	68,815	69,420	69,775	69,580	69,580	69,777	69,777	69,673	69,800	69,813	70,041	69,907	70,059
Participation rate	59.5	59.3	59.5	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.4	59.2	59.3	59.2	59.4	59.2	59.3
Employed	63,446	64,080	64,457	64,422	64,454	64,653	64,616	64,437	64,716	64,934	65,014	64,988	64,954
Employment-population ratio	54.9	54.7	55.0	54.9	54.9	55.0	55.0	54.8	55.0	55.1	55.1	55.0	55.0
Unemployed	5,369	5,341	5,318	5,158	5,126	5,124	5,161	5,236	5,083	4,879	5,027	4,918	5,105
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.0	7.2	7.0	7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	16,693	17,100	17,078	17,056	17,034	17,015	16,997	16,979	16,955	16,931	16,907	16,890	16,871
Civilian labor force	5,709	5,733	5,748	5,814	5,768	5,847	5,940	5,945	5,763	5,807	5,856	5,845	5,756
Participation rate	34.2	33.5	33.7	34.1	33.9	34.4	34.9	35.0	34.0	34.3	34.6	34.6	34.1
Employed	4,400	4,391	4,383	4,360	4,334	4,419	4,533	4,525	4,351	4,429	4,469	4,468	4,402
Employment-population ratio	26.4	25.7	25.7	25.6	25.4	26.0	26.7	26.7	25.7	26.2	26.4	26.5	26.1
Unemployed	1,310	1,342	1,365	1,453	1,434	1,428	1,406	1,420	1,412	1,378	1,387	1,376	1,355
Unemployment rate	22.9	23.4	23.7	25.0	24.9	24.4	23.7	23.9	24.5	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.