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Two programs develop Productivity and Costs data for elements of the U.S. economy. The Major Sector Productivity and Costs program produces quarterly and annual output per hour and unit labor costs for the U.S. business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors. These are the productivity statistics most often cited by the national media.

The Industry Productivity and Costs program produces annual measures of output per hour and unit labor costs for U.S. industries at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-digit level as defined in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

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General Overview:

Mission | Background | Data

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Economic News Releases:

Current

  • Productivity and Costs (HTML) (PDF)
  • Productivity and Costs by Industry
    • Manufacturing Industries, 2006 (HTML) (PDF)
    • Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Food Services and Drinking Places, 2006 (TXT) (PDF)
    • Selected Service-Providing and Mining Industries, 2005 (TXT) (PDF)
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  • Schedule of Upcoming Releases

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Special Notices:
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Get Detailed Productivity and Costs Statistics:
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Tables and Charts Created by BLS:
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Publications and Other Documentation:
  • NEW "Technical Information About the Major Sector Productivity and Costs Methods" (HTML) (PDF 58 KB) This document describes the labor productivity measures that BLS publishes for the major sectors of the U.S. economy, as well as the methodology used to calculate these measures. February 2008.
  • "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors", Chapter 10 of the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997, pp. 89-102.
  • "Industry Productivity Measures, Chapter 11 of the BLS Handbook of Methods", BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997, pp. 103-109.
  • Note on the Differences Between the Quarterly Hourly Compensation Measures and the Employment Cost Index (ECI), January 2007.
  • Construction of Employment and Hours for Self-employed and other Nonfarm workers and for all Farm workers, using Current Population Survey data for primary and secondary jobs." (PDF 106K), March 2006.
  • "New Service Industry Productivity Measures," (PDF 31K) Report 993, February 2006
  • "Construction of Average Weekly Hours for Supervisory and Nonproduction Wage and Salary Workers in Detailed Industries" (PDF 151K), August 2005.
  • "Industry productivity trends under the North American Industry Classification system" (PDF 87K), by Matthew Russell, Paul Takac, and Lisa Usher, Monthly Labor Review, November 2004, pp.31-42.
  • "Construction of average weekly hours for supervisory and nonproduction wage and salary workers in private nonfarm establishments" (PDF 46K), October 2004.
  • "New Service Industry Productivity Measures," (PDF 30K) Report 979, September 2004.
  • "Alternative measures of supervisory employee hours and productivity growth" (PDF 273K), by Lucy P. Eldridge, Marilyn E. Manser, and Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor Review, April 2004.
  • "The Effect of Outsourcing and Offshoring on BLS Productivity Measures" (PDF 32K), March 26, 2004.
  • "New Transportation and Service Productivity Measures", (PDF 38K) Report 964, January 2003.
  • "Unit Labor Costs for Selected Industries, 1987-97," (PDF 86K) Report 939, November 1999.
  • "BLS completes major expansion of industry productivity series, (PDF 300K) by John Duke and Lisa Usher, Monthly Labor Review, September 1998, pp. 35-51.
  • "The BLS Productivity Measurement Program," (PDF 95K), by Edwin R. Dean and Michael J. Harper, Discussion Paper presented at the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth: New Directions in Productivity Research, March 20-21, 1998.
  • "Improvements to the Quarterly Productivity Measures" (PDF 400K), by Edwin R. Dean, Michael J. Harper, and Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor Review, October 1995.
  • "Hours at work ratios derived from the Employment Cost Index, 2001-2003" (PDF 689KB), Brief description of the Bureau of Labor Statistics new ratios of hours at work to hours paid and reasons for the discontinuation of the Hours at Work Survey.
  • Archive of MLR Articles on Productivity and Technology.
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Related Links:

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 Latest Numbers

Nonfarm Business Sector:

Output per Hour
History  
+2.2% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Hourly Compensation
History  
+4.4% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Unit Labor Costs
History  
+2.2% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Output
History  
+0.4% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Hours of All Persons
History  
-1.8% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Manufacturing Sector:

Output per Hour
History  
+4.1% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Hourly Compensation
History  
+6.7% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Unit Labor Costs
History  
+2.5% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Output
History  
-0.3% in 1st Qtr of 2008

Hours of All Persons
History  
-4.2% in 1st Qtr of 2008

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» Click on the History icon for 10 years of historical data.


 People Are Asking...

1. How is productivity defined?

2. Why is productivity measurement important?

3. How is productivity measured by BLS?

4. What is the most commonly used productivity measure?

5. Are industry productivity measures available for separate regions, states, and cities in the United States?

6. What are "unit labor costs"?

7. Does outsourcing and offshoring of intermediate production inflate the productivity measures?

8. Why can't I find a productivity measure for the total economy?

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