For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 17, 2011 USDL-11-0722
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2010
Retail salespersons and cashiers were the occupations with the highest employment
in 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These two occupations
combined made up nearly 6 percent of total U.S. employment, with employment levels
of 4.2 and 3.4 million, respectively. National employment and wage information for
all occupations is shown in table 1.
These data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which
provides employment and wage estimates for wage and salary workers in 22 major
occupational groups and nearly 800 detailed occupations. OES produces cross-industry
occupational employment and wage data for the nation, states, metropolitan areas,
metropolitan divisions, and nonmetropolitan areas; industry-specific data for the
nation; and data by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals.
Occupations
--The 10 largest occupations accounted for more than 20 percent of
total employment in May 2010. In addition to retail salespersons and
cashiers, the largest occupations included general office clerks;
combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food;
registered nurses; and waiters and waitresses.
--Most of the largest occupations were relatively low paying. Of the
10 largest occupations, only registered nurses had an average wage
above the U.S. all-occupations mean of $21.35 per hour or $44,410
annually. Combined food preparation and serving workers, cashiers,
and waiters and waitresses were the three lowest paying of the 10
largest occupations, and also among the lowest-paying occupations
overall.
--Three of the largest occupations were office and administrative
support jobs, helping to make office and administrative support the
largest occupational group overall, representing 17 percent of total
employment. The next largest groups were sales and related occupations
and food preparation and serving related occupations, which made up
about 11 and 9 percent of U.S. employment, respectively. (See table 1.)
--The smallest occupational groups included legal occupations and
life, physical, and social science occupations, each representing
around 1 percent of total employment. Most employment in these two
groups came from occupations with above average wages, such as judges,
with an hourly mean wage of $50.67; arbitrators, mediators, and
conciliators ($31.95); medical scientists, except epidemiologists
($41.69); and physicists ($53.86). (See table 1.)
Ownership
--Nearly 91 percent of employment in the 10 largest occupations was
in the private sector. Among these occupations, the share of private
sector employment ranged from 74 percent of janitors and secretaries
to nearly 100 percent of retail salespersons and waiters and waitresses.
Eight of the 10 largest occupations in the private sector were the same
as those in the economy as a whole; stock clerks and order fillers and
general and operations managers rounded out the largest private sector
occupations.
--Five of the 6 largest occupations in local government were education
related: elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers, except
special education; teacher assistants; and teachers and instructors,
all other. These 5 occupations made up about 30 percent of local
government employment. Other large occupations in local government
included police and sheriff’s patrol officers, janitors, and firefighters.
--Correctional officers and jailers was the largest occupation in state
government, with employment of nearly 257,000. Additional large occupations
in state government included registered nurses, graduate teaching assistants,
police and sheriff’s patrol officers, postsecondary health specialties
teachers, and several office and administrative support occupations.
--Four occupations specific to the U.S. Postal Service made up about 21
percent of federal government employment. Aside from these occupations,
the largest occupations in the federal government included all other
business operations specialists, registered nurses, compliance officers,
and management analysts.
OES data by ownership are available from www.bls.gov/oes/current/ownership_data.htm.
Industry
--Health care and social assistance was the industry sector with
the highest employment, followed by retail trade. Over half of
employment in the health care and social assistance sector was in
healthcare-related occupations, including registered nurses; nursing
aides, orderlies, and attendants; home health aides; and licensed
practical and licensed vocational nurses. Other large occupations in
this sector included personal care aides, medical secretaries, and
childcare workers. More than 60 percent of retail trade employment was
in just 4 occupations: retail salespersons, cashiers, stock clerks and
order fillers, and first-line supervisors of retail salesworkers.
--Industries with the highest all-occupations mean wages included
computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing, software publishers,
and several financial services industries. These industries tended to
have high employment concentrations of occupations with above average
wages. For example, the largest occupations in software publishing
included software developers, applications, with an hourly mean wage
of $45.65; software developers, systems software ($48.48); computer
programmers ($39.16); and sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing, technical and scientific products ($40.50).
--The industries with the lowest all-occupations mean wages consisted
primarily of food service and retail trade industries. In limited-
service eating places, the industry with the lowest overall average
wage, 8 of the 10 largest occupations had mean wages below $10.00 per
hour, including combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food ($8.62); fast food cooks ($8.85); and counter attendants,
cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ($8.82).
OES national industry-specific data are available from www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
State and Local Area
--States with high total employment, such as California, Texas, New
York, and Florida, also tended to have the highest employment of many
individual occupations. However, smaller states had among the highest
employment of some occupations, due to factors such as industry mix or
natural resource endowments. For example, West Virginia and Kentucky
had some of the highest employment of several mining-related occupations,
including mining roof bolters and shuttle car operators, while Iowa had
some of the highest employment of farm equipment mechanics and soil and
plant scientists.
--While some occupations, such as janitors and dishwashers, made up similar
shares of total employment in most areas, employment concentrations of other
occupations varied considerably across areas. For example, as a share of
total area employment, San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif., had nearly
18 times as many semiconductor processors and computer hardware engineers
as the U.S. as a whole, while the employment share of commercial and
industrial designers in the Warren-Farmington Hills-Troy, Mich., metropolitan
division was more than 9 times the U.S. average.
--Wages for a given occupation also varied significantly across areas. For
example, among areas with at least 100 computer hardware engineers, wages
for this occupation varied from $35.99 in Kansas City, Mo.-Ks., to $59.66 in
the Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y., metropolitan division.
OES data, including location quotients, by state and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan
area are available from www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/
current/oessrcma.htm, respectively.
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| |
| Changes to Occupational Employment Statistics Data |
| |
| The May 2010 OES estimates mark the first set of estimates based |
| in part on data collected using the 2010 Standard Occupational |
| Classification (SOC) system. Nearly all the occupations in this |
| release are 2010 SOC occupations; however, some are not. In |
| these cases, an estimate for a temporary occupation was created |
| from data reported for one or more occupations in the 2000 SOC |
| combined with data reported for one or more 2010 SOC occupa- |
| tions. Some occupations have the same title as a 2010 SOC |
| occupation, but not the same content. These occupations are |
| marked with an asterisk (*) and given a temporary code for the |
| OES data. The May 2012 OES data will reflect the full set of |
| detailed occupations in the 2010 SOC. For a list of all occu- |
| pations, including 2010 SOC occupations, and how data collected |
| on two structures were combined, see the OES Frequently Asked |
| Questions online at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#Ques41. |
| |
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Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage
and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. OES
data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment
and wage estimates for the nation; over 500 areas, including states
and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
metropolitan divisions, nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national
industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-, 4-, and selected
5-digit industry levels; and national estimates by ownership across all
industries and for schools and hospitals.
The OES survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State
Workforce Agencies. BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures
and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect
most of the data. OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about
1.2 million establishments. Each year, forms are mailed to two semiannual
panels of approximately 200,000 sampled establishments, one panel in May
and the other in November. May 2010 estimates are based on responses from
six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2010, November
2009, May 2009, November 2008, May 2008, and November 2007. The overall
national response rate for the six panels is 78.2 percent based on
establishments and 74.4 percent based on employment. The unweighted
employment of sampled establishments across all six semiannual panels
represents approximately 62.6 percent of total national employment.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey categorizes workers into nearly 800 detailed occupations
based on the Office of Management and Budget’s Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system; together, these detailed occupations make up
22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major group 55, Military Specific
Occupations, is not included. The May 2010 OES estimates mark the first set
of estimates based in part on data collected using the 2010 SOC system.
Previous estimates were based on the 2000 SOC.
Almost all the occupations in this release are 2010 SOC occupations;
however, some are not. In these cases, an estimate for a temporary
occupation was created from data reported for one or more occupations in
the 2000 SOC combined with data reported for one or more 2010 SOC occupa-
tions. Some occupations have the same title as a 2010 SOC occupation, but
not the same content. These occupations are marked with an asterisk (*)
and given a temporary code for the OES data. The May 2012 OES data will
reflect the full set of detailed occupations in the 2010 SOC. For a list
of all occupations, including 2010 SOC occupations, and how data collected
on two structures were combined, see the OES Frequently Asked Questions
online at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#Ques41.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of
Labor Statistics Web site at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the 2007 North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with
the exception of logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop
production (NAICS 1151), and support activities for animal production
(NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are excluded. OES federal
government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal executive
branch only. All other industries, including state and local government,
are covered by the survey.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers
in nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed,
owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid
family workers.
Survey sample
The OES survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI)
files. Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821)
and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OES survey sample
is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely
to be selected than smaller employers. An annual census is taken of the executive
branch of the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment
in an occupation. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers
who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on
paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term
absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated
firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom
the reporting unit is their permanent duty station, regardless of whether that
unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium
pay. Base rate; cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay;
incentive pay, including commissions and production bonuses; and tips are
included. Excluded are overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-
production bonuses, employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reim-
bursements.
OES receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal
Service, and some state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OES
survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. For each occupation, respondents are
asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals.
The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual
rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the
hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establish-
ments are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time workers, and to
report annual rates for occupations that are typically paid at an annual rate but
do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and flight attendants.
Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but
generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these workers, only an
hourly wage is reported.
Estimation methodology
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of
data collected over a 3-year period. With the exception of the May 2008 panel,
each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. Due to budget
constraints, the May 2008 sample was reduced to approximately 174,000 establish-
ments. The full six-panel sample of nearly 1.2 million establishments allows the
production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by
combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occu-
pations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the
five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data
from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage
updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in
the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its broader occupational
division.
Imputation. About 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a given
panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute
missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to
impute missing wage distributions.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to
represent all establishments for the reference period. Weights are further
adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of November 2009 and
May 2010 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to
employment totals from the OES survey.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed technical information about the OES
survey is available in our Survey Methods and Reliability Statement on the BLS
website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/methods_statement.pdf.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2010
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹
All occupations 127,097,160 $21.35 $44,410 $16.27
Management occupations 6,022,860 50.69 105,440 43.96
Chief executives................................................................. 273,500 83.34 173,350 79.37
General and operations managers.................................................. 1,708,080 54.38 113,100 45.38
Legislators...................................................................... 65,710 (²) 38,470 (²)
Advertising and promotions managers.............................................. 32,240 47.46 98,720 40.33
Marketing managers............................................................... 164,590 59.00 122,720 54.23
Sales managers................................................................... 319,300 54.86 114,110 47.37
Public relations and fundraising managers........................................ 53,460 50.19 104,390 44.14
Administrative services managers................................................. 240,320 40.57 84,390 37.45
Computer and information systems managers........................................ 288,660 59.27 123,280 55.67
Financial managers............................................................... 478,940 56.24 116,970 49.96
Industrial production managers................................................... 143,310 45.99 95,660 41.91
Purchasing managers.............................................................. 65,220 48.36 100,600 45.71
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers............................... 90,280 41.65 86,630 38.56
Compensation and benefits managers............................................... 29,830 46.61 96,940 42.92
Human resources managers......................................................... 67,700 52.21 108,600 47.68
Training and development managers................................................ 28,070 46.06 95,800 42.87
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers............................... 3,680 31.71 65,960 29.21
Construction managers............................................................ 191,430 45.31 94,240 40.32
Education administrators, preschool and childcare center/program................. 50,700 24.23 50,410 20.65
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school........................ 222,270 (²) 89,990 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 110,360 46.48 96,680 40.24
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 28,100 39.36 81,870 36.39
Architectural and engineering managers........................................... 174,720 60.53 125,900 57.34
Food service managers............................................................ 186,830 25.11 52,220 23.14
Gaming managers.................................................................. 3,230 35.55 73,940 32.19
Lodging managers................................................................. 29,920 26.23 54,570 22.54
Medical and health services managers............................................. 282,990 45.03 93,670 40.52
Natural sciences managers........................................................ 45,920 62.17 129,320 55.78
Postmasters and mail superintendents............................................. 25,160 29.09 60,500 28.99
Property, real estate, and community association managers........................ 147,110 30.00 62,400 24.75
Social and community service managers............................................ 116,480 29.98 62,360 27.86
Emergency management directors................................................... 11,800 29.00 60,330 26.61
Managers, all other.............................................................. 342,960 49.12 102,160 46.37
Business and financial operations occupations 6,090,910 32.54 67,690 29.17
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................ 11,790 43.19 89,840 30.35
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products...................................... 10,250 30.55 63,540 26.07
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products................................ 108,220 27.07 56,300 23.87
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products................... 272,370 28.92 60,160 27.20
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 262,540 28.94 60,200 28.18
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 10,280 27.75 57,710 27.03
Compliance officers.............................................................. 204,000 29.88 62,140 28.23
Cost estimators.................................................................. 183,790 29.84 62,060 27.82
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 830 17.25 35,890 14.42
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other*........... 417,880 27.80 57,830 25.33
Logisticians..................................................................... 104,800 35.34 73,510 34.04
Management analysts.............................................................. 536,310 41.95 87,260 37.58
Meeting, convention, and event planners*......................................... 56,950 23.45 48,780 21.76
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists............................. 102,830 28.65 59,590 27.41
Training and development specialists............................................. 203,870 27.54 57,280 26.04
Market research analysts and marketing specialists*.............................. 261,780 32.14 66,850 29.12
Business operations specialists, all other*...................................... 993,980 32.55 67,710 30.02
Accountants and auditors......................................................... 1,072,490 33.15 68,960 29.66
Appraisers and assessors of real estate.......................................... 62,560 26.07 54,230 23.32
Budget analysts.................................................................. 58,290 33.97 70,660 32.79
Credit analysts.................................................................. 62,680 32.78 68,180 28.29
Financial analysts............................................................... 220,810 41.36 86,040 35.75
Personal financial advisors...................................................... 155,360 43.85 91,220 31.13
Insurance underwriters........................................................... 95,350 31.35 65,220 28.51
Financial examiners.............................................................. 27,860 39.58 82,320 36.03
Credit counselors................................................................ 29,560 20.05 41,700 18.34
Loan officers.................................................................... 283,330 31.68 65,900 27.16
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 68,530 26.36 54,830 23.73
Tax preparers.................................................................... 56,990 17.82 37,060 14.90
Financial specialists, all other................................................. 154,640 32.17 66,920 29.32
Computer and mathematical occupations 3,283,950 37.13 77,230 35.44
Computer and information research scientists..................................... 24,900 49.59 103,150 48.39
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 495,800 39.06 81,250 37.38
Computer programmers............................................................. 333,620 36.01 74,900 34.32
Software developers, applications................................................ 499,280 43.47 90,410 42.21
Software developers, systems software............................................ 378,920 47.10 97,960 45.28
Database administrators.......................................................... 104,080 36.41 75,730 35.33
Network and computer systems administrators*..................................... 333,210 34.71 72,200 33.25
Computer support specialists..................................................... 579,270 24.00 49,930 $22.24
Information security analysts, web developers, and computer network architects... 243,330 38.16 79,370 36.37
Computer occupations, all other*................................................. 183,110 38.36 79,790 38.10
Actuaries........................................................................ 18,320 47.41 98,620 42.14
Mathematicians................................................................... 2,830 48.20 100,260 47.78
Operations research analysts..................................................... 62,210 37.01 76,980 34.12
Statisticians.................................................................... 22,830 36.57 76,070 35.02
Mathematical technicians......................................................... 960 23.64 49,170 21.58
Mathematical science occupations, all other...................................... 1,290 34.02 70,760 26.21
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,305,530 36.32 75,550 33.95
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 87,700 37.75 78,530 34.88
Landscape architects............................................................. 16,680 32.15 66,880 29.85
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 11,670 29.31 60,970 26.21
Surveyors........................................................................ 43,950 27.95 58,140 26.39
Aerospace engineers.............................................................. 78,450 47.59 99,000 46.86
Agricultural engineers........................................................... 2,520 35.96 74,790 34.18
Biomedical engineers............................................................. 15,280 40.76 84,780 39.20
Chemical engineers............................................................... 28,720 45.48 94,590 43.42
Civil engineers.................................................................. 249,120 39.56 82,280 37.29
Computer hardware engineers...................................................... 66,960 48.85 101,600 47.50
Electrical engineers............................................................. 148,770 42.20 87,770 40.65
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 133,660 44.58 92,730 43.35
Environmental engineers.......................................................... 49,800 39.98 83,160 37.86
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 23,390 37.60 78,210 36.26
Industrial engineers............................................................. 202,990 37.72 78,450 36.59
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................ 5,720 42.20 87,770 38.42
Materials engineers.............................................................. 21,830 41.28 85,860 39.96
Mechanical engineers............................................................. 234,400 39.65 82,480 37.58
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers............... 6,270 41.99 87,350 39.84
Nuclear engineers................................................................ 18,610 48.80 101,500 48.04
Petroleum engineers.............................................................. 28,210 61.53 127,970 54.85
Engineers, all other............................................................. 139,610 44.12 91,770 43.40
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 89,670 23.43 48,740 22.32
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 27,960 26.90 55,960 25.49
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 64,440 24.62 51,200 23.46
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 15,210 23.17 48,190 21.68
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians................................. 8,480 28.84 59,990 27.93
Civil engineering technicians.................................................... 77,050 23.05 47,940 22.26
Electrical and electronics engineering technicians............................... 147,750 27.26 56,690 26.94
Electro-mechanical technicians................................................... 15,970 24.60 51,160 23.82
Environmental engineering technicians............................................ 18,450 22.51 46,820 20.86
Industrial engineering technicians............................................... 61,630 24.30 50,540 23.18
Mechanical engineering technicians............................................... 44,170 24.74 51,450 24.09
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other.............................. 66,560 28.39 59,060 27.89
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................ 53,870 19.41 40,370 18.22
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,064,510 31.92 66,390 28.14
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,440 32.77 68,170 28.00
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 10,480 31.43 65,380 28.93
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 12,120 30.09 62,600 27.57
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 22,800 41.63 86,580 38.17
Microbiologists.................................................................. 18,330 34.63 72,030 31.69
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 17,440 29.64 61,660 27.61
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 30,430 34.28 71,310 32.80
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 18,880 29.42 61,200 28.51
Foresters........................................................................ 9,470 26.82 55,790 26.22
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 4,710 32.83 68,280 30.29
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 93,560 41.69 86,710 36.87
Life scientists, all other....................................................... 10,610 34.67 72,120 29.97
Astronomers...................................................................... 1,840 44.88 93,340 41.95
Physicists....................................................................... 16,860 53.86 112,020 51.14
Atmospheric and space scientists................................................. 8,640 42.31 88,010 42.20
Chemists......................................................................... 80,180 35.21 73,240 32.85
Materials scientists............................................................. 8,390 41.49 86,300 40.73
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 81,690 32.60 67,810 29.66
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 30,830 44.89 93,380 39.66
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,910 38.11 79,280 36.39
Physical scientists, all other................................................... 24,690 46.05 95,780 45.57
Economists....................................................................... 13,250 47.77 99,350 43.00
Survey researchers............................................................... 17,850 20.89 43,450 17.33
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 100,700 34.87 72,540 32.12
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 1,420 54.82 114,040 41.99
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 10,690 41.59 86,510 43.22
Sociologists..................................................................... 3,710 38.53 80,130 $34.79
Urban and regional planners...................................................... 38,830 31.74 66,020 30.31
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 5,100 27.90 58,040 26.07
Geographers...................................................................... 1,300 35.05 72,890 35.00
Historians....................................................................... 3,320 27.81 57,840 25.73
Political scientists............................................................. 4,470 51.89 107,930 51.65
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 28,420 37.45 77,890 35.88
Agricultural and food science technicians........................................ 16,890 16.89 35,140 15.75
Biological technicians........................................................... 72,940 20.07 41,740 18.76
Chemical technicians............................................................. 59,440 21.25 44,200 20.21
Geological and petroleum technicians............................................. 13,560 29.04 60,410 25.97
Nuclear technicians.............................................................. 6,960 32.37 67,330 32.73
Social science research assistants............................................... 25,830 19.28 40,090 17.90
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 28,480 21.36 44,440 19.90
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 12,390 26.46 55,040 24.79
Forest and conservation technicians.............................................. 32,290 17.72 36,860 16.05
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 55,360 22.10 45,980 20.84
Community and social service occupations 1,901,180 20.76 43,180 18.89
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors............................... 77,940 19.62 40,810 18.33
Educational, guidance, school, and vocational counselors......................... 246,890 26.91 55,970 25.67
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 33,050 22.85 47,530 21.98
Mental health counselors......................................................... 110,300 19.88 41,360 18.34
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 111,490 17.24 35,850 15.55
Counselors, all other............................................................ 28,140 21.33 44,380 20.02
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 276,100 21.08 43,850 19.33
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 143,080 23.65 49,200 22.71
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 119,960 20.13 41,880 18.56
Social workers, all other........................................................ 69,920 25.13 52,270 24.76
Health educators................................................................. 58,150 24.17 50,270 22.03
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 89,900 24.64 51,240 22.69
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 357,500 14.47 30,100 13.56
Community and social service specialists, all other*............................. 112,010 19.83 41,250 18.32
Clergy........................................................................... 42,820 23.22 48,290 21.14
Directors, religious activities and education.................................... 16,840 19.52 40,600 17.39
Religious workers, all other..................................................... 7,090 15.42 32,070 12.87
Legal occupations 992,650 46.60 96,940 35.86
Lawyers.......................................................................... 561,350 62.23 129,440 54.21
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 25,150 21.18 44,060 19.12
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,310 43.14 89,740 41.11
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 6,920 31.95 66,460 26.83
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 25,900 50.67 105,390 57.34
Paralegals and legal assistants*................................................. 247,940 23.87 49,640 22.44
Court reporters.................................................................. 18,430 25.61 53,270 22.93
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 50,490 20.85 43,370 18.75
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 42,160 28.51 59,310 24.91
Education, training, and library occupations 8,457,870 24.25 50,440 21.97
Business teachers, postsecondary................................................. 79,070 (²) 85,470 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 33,080 (²) 78,190 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 51,980 (²) 73,480 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 7,620 (²) 79,300 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 34,400 (²) 96,480 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 10,600 (²) 81,760 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 54,540 (²) 86,570 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 2,410 (²) 81,120 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 10,680 (²) 90,660 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 21,150 (²) 80,070 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 5,090 (²) 78,490 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 13,500 (²) 86,560 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,850 (²) 80,040 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 8,980 (²) 76,720 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,020 (²) 92,870 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 4,250 (²) 71,230 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 15,930 (²) 78,620 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 34,350 (²) 74,320 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 17,430 (²) 71,830 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 7,410 (²) 85,400 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 144,780 (²) 103,960 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 54,050 (²) 66,010 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 61,450 (²) 64,370 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,370 (²) 66,950 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 13,860 (²) 65,590 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 14,620 (²) 107,990 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 9,370 (²) 68,630 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 86,860 (²) 70,850 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 28,590 (²) $67,820 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 69,880 (²) 67,920 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 28,100 (²) 66,520 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 23,240 (²) 70,860 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 21,250 (²) 69,150 (²)
Graduate teaching assistants..................................................... 107,790 (²) 34,660 (²)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary........................................... 5,910 (²) 69,060 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 17,720 (²) 63,760 (²)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary..................................... 120,290 25.38 52,790 23.18
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 183,160 (²) 71,280 (²)
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 369,380 14.04 29,200 12.35
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 173,330 (²) 51,550 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,485,600 (²) 54,330 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 655,090 (²) 54,880 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 14,600 (²) 54,160 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 1,053,140 (²) 55,990 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 91,690 (²) 56,010 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school*...... 226,920 (²) 55,220 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 100,510 (²) 56,500 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 141,420 (²) 58,080 (²)
Adult basic and secondary education and literacy teachers and instructors........ 68,510 24.56 51,080 22.37
Self-enrichment education teachers............................................... 160,990 19.81 41,210 17.47
Teachers and instructors, all other*............................................. 710,230 (²) 38,940 (²)
Archivists....................................................................... 5,030 23.65 49,190 21.73
Curators......................................................................... 10,550 25.56 53,160 23.29
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 10,390 20.16 41,940 17.94
Librarians....................................................................... 148,240 27.09 56,360 26.20
Library technicians.............................................................. 109,240 15.10 31,410 14.36
Audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists.............................. 7,740 22.07 45,910 20.53
Farm and home management advisors................................................ 10,670 22.90 47,640 21.89
Instructional coordinators....................................................... 128,780 29.46 61,270 28.28
Teacher assistants............................................................... 1,249,380 (²) 24,880 (²)
Education, training, and library workers, all other.............................. 99,820 20.63 42,900 18.07
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,716,640 25.14 52,290 20.61
Art directors.................................................................... 29,700 45.24 94,100 38.77
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,790 15.39 32,010 12.95
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 10,320 25.52 53,080 21.56
Multimedia artists and animators................................................. 26,560 30.50 63,440 28.13
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,560 29.69 61,760 28.29
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 28,670 29.76 61,890 27.99
Fashion designers................................................................ 15,060 35.79 74,440 31.02
Floral designers................................................................. 47,850 12.04 25,030 11.35
Graphic designers................................................................ 192,240 23.14 48,140 20.92
Interior designers............................................................... 40,120 25.05 52,100 22.25
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 64,330 13.69 28,480 12.48
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 8,120 24.81 51,600 22.44
Designers, all other............................................................. 8,560 24.25 50,440 21.70
Actors........................................................................... 54,740 28.44 (²) 17.44
Producers and directors.......................................................... 83,520 42.60 88,610 32.90
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 12,660 (²) 87,340 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 184,280 (²) 35,950 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 15,250 (²) 28,900 (²)
Dancers.......................................................................... 11,200 16.55 (²) 13.16
Choreographers................................................................... 12,390 20.25 42,110 18.11
Music directors and composers.................................................... 20,640 25.36 52,750 22.10
Musicians and singers............................................................ 43,350 30.22 (²) 22.39
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other............... 23,510 18.60 (²) 14.34
Radio and television announcers.................................................. 32,520 19.19 39,910 12.91
Public address system and other announcers....................................... 7,580 18.19 37,840 13.42
Broadcast news analysts.......................................................... 5,670 34.96 72,710 26.03
Reporters and correspondents..................................................... 45,130 21.05 43,780 16.60
Public relations specialists..................................................... 225,590 28.44 59,150 25.05
Editors.......................................................................... 99,160 28.53 59,340 24.75
Technical writers................................................................ 43,990 31.85 66,240 30.42
Writers and authors.............................................................. 40,980 31.71 65,960 26.64
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 44,200 23.94 49,790 20.82
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 23,740 24.27 50,490 20.72
Audio and video equipment technicians............................................ 47,510 21.38 44,460 19.49
Broadcast technicians............................................................ 30,520 19.79 41,170 16.89
Radio operators.................................................................. 920 21.40 44,510 21.46
Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 15,650 25.98 54,030 22.63
Photographers.................................................................... 54,550 17.30 35,980 14.00
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture.......................... 16,760 23.29 48,450 19.42
Film and video editors........................................................... 19,930 29.75 61,890 24.49
Media and communication equipment workers, all other............................. 16,820 30.54 63,530 $29.65
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 7,346,580 34.27 71,280 28.12
Chiropractors.................................................................... 26,250 38.38 79,820 32.31
Dentists, general................................................................ 87,700 76.33 158,770 67.81
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 5,330 102.94 214,120 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,580 96.29 200,290 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 670 67.12 139,620 56.92
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,010 77.98 162,190 77.41
Dietitians and nutritionists..................................................... 53,510 26.13 54,340 25.60
Optometrists..................................................................... 26,480 51.32 106,750 45.67
Pharmacists...................................................................... 268,030 52.59 109,380 53.64
Anesthesiologists................................................................ 34,820 105.82 220,100 (³)
Family and general practitioners................................................. 97,820 83.59 173,860 78.61
Internists, general.............................................................. 50,070 91.10 189,480 (³)
Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 19,940 101.13 210,340 (³)
Pediatricians, general........................................................... 30,100 79.67 165,720 74.70
Psychiatrists.................................................................... 22,690 80.58 167,610 78.95
Surgeons......................................................................... 43,230 108.36 225,390 (³)
Physicians and surgeons, all other............................................... 293,740 86.96 180,870 (³)
Physician assistants............................................................. 81,420 41.89 87,140 41.54
Podiatrists...................................................................... 9,310 64.14 133,410 56.75
Registered nurses*............................................................... 2,655,020 32.56 67,720 31.10
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 100,300 35.28 73,380 34.77
Physical therapists.............................................................. 180,280 37.50 77,990 36.69
Radiation therapists............................................................. 16,590 37.64 78,290 36.05
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 20,830 19.92 41,440 18.95
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 109,270 26.54 55,200 26.10
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 112,530 33.60 69,880 32.17
Therapists, all other*........................................................... 16,170 24.99 51,980 23.05
Veterinarians.................................................................... 54,480 44.51 92,570 39.44
Audiologists..................................................................... 12,860 33.58 69,840 32.05
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other.......................... 31,390 39.34 81,830 33.32
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists.................................... 164,430 27.34 56,870 26.98
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians...................................... 156,480 18.36 38,190 17.44
Dental hygienists................................................................ 177,520 33.02 68,680 32.81
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 48,720 24.38 50,720 23.75
Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 53,010 31.20 64,900 30.95
Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 21,600 33.20 69,050 32.96
Radiologic technologists and technicians*........................................ 216,730 26.80 55,730 26.13
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics..................................... 221,760 16.01 33,300 14.60
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 23,890 13.86 28,820 13.01
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 333,500 14.10 29,330 13.65
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 72,650 15.15 31,520 13.80
Respiratory therapy technicians.................................................. 13,570 22.28 46,340 21.74
Surgical technologists........................................................... 92,260 19.86 41,310 19.19
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 79,870 14.92 31,030 14.28
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................ 730,290 19.88 41,360 19.42
Medical records and health information technicians............................... 176,090 16.83 35,010 15.55
Opticians, dispensing............................................................ 62,200 16.73 34,800 15.84
Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 5,940 33.14 68,930 31.28
Health technologists and technicians, all other*................................. 87,900 20.31 42,240 18.49
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 54,680 31.54 65,610 31.09
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 10,040 22.85 47,520 21.79
Athletic trainers................................................................ 16,290 (²) 44,030 (²)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other*....................... 55,720 25.28 52,580 21.14
Healthcare support occupations 3,962,930 12.94 26,920 11.90
Home health aides................................................................ 982,840 10.46 21,760 9.89
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants*........................................ 1,451,090 12.09 25,140 11.54
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 64,730 12.84 26,710 12.00
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 27,720 24.66 51,300 24.52
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 7,180 14.95 31,090 13.19
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 65,960 23.95 49,810 23.89
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 45,900 12.02 25,000 11.39
Massage therapists............................................................... 60,040 19.12 39,770 16.78
Dental assistants................................................................ 294,030 16.41 34,140 16.09
Medical assistants............................................................... 523,260 14.31 29,760 13.87
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 47,310 14.59 30,350 14.18
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 78,780 16.12 33,530 15.82
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 49,580 10.98 22,830 10.31
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 70,530 11.38 23,660 10.60
Healthcare support workers, all other*........................................... 193,980 15.23 31,670 14.56
Protective service occupations 3,187,810 20.43 42,490 $17.63
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 39,920 28.02 58,290 26.88
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 102,200 38.83 80,770 37.62
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers................... 58,800 34.56 71,890 32.81
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other.................. 55,190 23.40 48,670 22.17
Firefighters..................................................................... 302,400 22.95 47,730 21.76
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 13,050 27.00 56,160 25.11
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 1,530 19.33 40,200 16.78
Bailiffs......................................................................... 17,310 19.67 40,910 18.54
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 457,550 20.57 42,780 18.77
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................ 110,640 35.10 73,010 33.08
Fish and game wardens............................................................ 7,240 26.75 55,650 23.91
Parking enforcement workers...................................................... 9,430 17.37 36,130 17.01
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 644,300 26.74 55,620 25.74
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 3,540 26.89 55,930 26.12
Animal control workers........................................................... 15,040 16.35 34,020 15.41
Private detectives and investigators............................................. 28,210 22.99 47,830 20.61
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators............................ 6,620 15.87 33,020 14.75
Security guards.................................................................. 1,006,880 12.92 26,870 11.50
Crossing guards.................................................................. 68,740 12.43 25,850 11.35
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 117,540 9.98 20,750 9.06
Transportation security screeners* (federal only)................................ 42,430 18.10 37,650 17.82
Protective service workers, all other *.......................................... 79,280 16.07 33,420 14.37
Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,027,340 10.21 21,240 9.02
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 90,510 21.53 44,780 19.53
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 773,400 15.28 31,770 14.21
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 525,350 8.91 18,540 8.70
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 387,700 11.62 24,180 10.93
Cooks, private household......................................................... 400 14.96 31,110 12.29
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 901,310 11.18 23,260 10.65
Cooks, short order............................................................... 171,780 10.11 21,030 9.42
Cooks, all other................................................................. 19,460 11.82 24,590 10.93
Food preparation workers......................................................... 802,650 9.93 20,660 9.18
Bartenders....................................................................... 495,350 10.25 21,310 8.98
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food............... 2,692,170 8.95 18,610 8.63
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop.................. 446,660 9.27 19,280 8.83
Waiters and waitresses........................................................... 2,244,480 9.99 20,790 8.81
Food servers, nonrestaurant...................................................... 205,330 10.40 21,640 9.34
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers....................... 390,920 9.29 19,320 8.75
Dishwashers...................................................................... 505,950 8.98 18,680 8.73
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop......................... 329,020 9.43 19,600 8.87
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other.......................... 44,890 10.94 22,760 9.61
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,175,550 12.16 25,300 10.81
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 172,610 18.02 37,480 16.87
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 100,630 21.50 44,730 20.13
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,058,610 11.81 24,560 10.68
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 865,960 10.17 21,150 9.28
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 12,280 13.38 27,830 12.72
Pest control workers............................................................. 62,490 15.62 32,480 14.59
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 829,350 12.23 25,430 11.25
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 23,200 15.13 31,470 14.37
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 37,540 15.49 32,220 14.64
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 12,890 13.92 28,960 11.61
Personal care and service occupations 3,425,220 11.82 24,590 9.92
Gaming supervisors............................................................... 22,960 23.69 49,270 23.33
Slot supervisors................................................................. 12,020 14.47 30,110 12.81
First-line supervisors of personal service workers............................... 131,800 18.48 38,430 16.97
Animal trainers.................................................................. 9,740 14.96 31,110 12.78
Nonfarm animal caretakers........................................................ 135,070 10.61 22,070 9.40
Gaming dealers................................................................... 85,430 10.49 21,820 8.70
Gaming and sports book writers and runners....................................... 13,450 11.57 24,060 10.02
Gaming service workers, all other................................................ 11,620 12.65 26,320 11.51
Motion picture projectionists.................................................... 9,440 10.83 22,530 9.79
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers...................................... 107,200 9.76 20,290 8.92
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 254,630 9.50 19,750 8.87
Costume attendants............................................................... 5,490 16.62 34,580 14.02
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 17,280 10.43 21,700 9.35
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 36,340 10.51 21,850 9.41
Embalmers........................................................................ 6,780 21.29 44,280 20.91
Funeral attendants............................................................... 29,810 11.82 24,590 11.05
Funeral service managers, directors, morticians, and undertakers................. 27,280 30.04 62,490 26.12
Barbers.......................................................................... 9,360 13.43 27,930 11.45
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 349,420 12.74 26,510 10.94
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 2,240 24.51 50,980 18.33
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 51,990 10.61 22,060 9.45
Shampooers....................................................................... 14,220 9.20 19,140 8.78
Skincare specialists............................................................. 30,230 15.40 32,030 13.90
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 44,740 11.40 23,720 9.74
Concierges....................................................................... 19,650 14.17 29,480 13.40
Tour guides and escorts.......................................................... 29,690 12.54 26,090 11.20
Travel guides.................................................................... 3,620 15.33 31,900 14.32
Childcare workers................................................................ 611,280 10.15 21,110 9.28
Personal care aides.............................................................. 686,030 9.82 20,420 9.44
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors........................................ 225,490 17.27 35,920 14.95
Recreation workers............................................................... 293,430 12.15 25,270 10.70
Residential advisors............................................................. 65,610 12.69 26,400 11.75
Personal care and service workers, all other..................................... 71,860 11.09 23,070 9.79
Sales and related occupations 13,437,980 17.69 36,790 11.72
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,172,070 19.18 39,890 17.22
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 244,320 39.00 81,120 33.11
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,354,170 9.52 19,810 8.89
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers......................................... 19,570 11.74 24,420 11.14
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 414,730 12.32 25,620 10.63
Parts salespersons............................................................... 201,610 15.09 31,380 13.88
Retail salespersons.............................................................. 4,155,190 12.02 25,000 9.94
Advertising sales agents......................................................... 145,160 26.45 55,020 21.80
Insurance sales agents........................................................... 318,800 30.06 62,520 22.48
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents..................... 276,290 45.73 95,130 33.75
Travel agents.................................................................... 70,930 16.32 33,950 15.32
Sales representatives, services, all other....................................... 531,410 29.06 60,430 24.34
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products.................................................................. 381,080 40.56 84,360 35.44
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products................................................... 1,367,210 30.16 62,720 25.21
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 75,790 13.28 27,630 11.11
Models........................................................................... 1,020 20.46 42,560 15.83
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 41,210 36.57 76,060 26.40
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 153,740 25.24 52,490 19.24
Sales engineers.................................................................. 66,060 45.56 94,760 42.01
Telemarketers.................................................................... 288,760 12.24 25,470 10.73
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 7,590 13.13 27,300 10.67
Sales and related workers, all other*............................................ 151,280 19.90 41,400 16.53
Office and administrative support occupations 21,503,800 16.09 33,470 14.77
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers.............. 1,359,950 24.41 50,770 22.82
Switchboard operators, including answering service............................... 138,200 12.63 26,280 11.98
Telephone operators.............................................................. 18,650 16.06 33,400 15.37
Communications equipment operators, all other.................................... 2,780 18.25 37,960 17.60
Bill and account collectors...................................................... 399,950 15.91 33,100 15.05
Billing and posting clerks....................................................... 483,440 16.00 33,270 15.47
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks..................................... 1,675,250 16.99 35,340 16.36
Gaming cage workers.............................................................. 15,640 12.96 26,950 12.35
Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... 180,280 17.82 37,070 17.47
Procurement clerks............................................................... 73,650 17.86 37,150 17.69
Tellers.......................................................................... 556,310 12.01 24,980 11.59
Brokerage clerks................................................................. 57,600 20.50 42,640 19.31
Correspondence clerks............................................................ 9,470 16.56 34,440 16.06
Court, municipal, and license clerks............................................. 123,510 17.39 36,170 16.53
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks......................................... 53,770 16.67 34,670 15.62
Customer service representatives................................................. 2,146,120 15.76 32,780 14.64
Eligibility interviewers, government programs.................................... 118,920 19.67 40,900 19.21
File clerks...................................................................... 174,910 12.88 26,800 12.06
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks............................................. 222,540 10.30 21,430 9.58
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan........................................ 204,730 14.48 30,120 13.86
Library assistants, clerical..................................................... 110,210 12.07 25,120 11.12
Loan interviewers and clerks..................................................... 181,600 16.91 35,180 16.33
New accounts clerks.............................................................. 67,170 15.17 31,540 14.63
Order clerks..................................................................... 211,370 14.58 30,320 13.80
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping....................... 150,090 18.22 37,900 17.69
Receptionists and information clerks............................................. 997,080 12.63 26,260 12.14
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks................... 121,250 15.69 32,640 15.26
Information and record clerks, all other......................................... 200,410 18.00 37,450 17.80
Cargo and freight agents......................................................... 81,390 18.76 39,020 17.86
Couriers and messengers.......................................................... 85,620 12.55 26,100 11.58
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers.......................................... 97,740 17.74 36,900 17.00
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 180,540 18.00 37,430 16.62
Meter readers, utilities......................................................... 40,160 17.69 36,800 16.74
Postal service clerks............................................................ 67,320 25.25 52,520 25.53
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 324,990 24.16 50,250 25.90
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 145,690 23.24 48,340 25.52
Production, planning, and expediting clerks...................................... 266,170 21.19 44,070 20.30
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.......................................... 687,850 14.46 30,070 13.64
Stock clerks and order fillers................................................... 1,795,970 11.44 23,790 10.24
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping....................... 66,480 13.94 28,990 13.06
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 1,132,070 22.05 45,860 20.92
Legal secretaries................................................................ 228,700 20.80 43,270 19.95
Medical secretaries.............................................................. 494,650 15.30 31,820 14.68
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 1,841,020 15.38 32,000 14.82
Computer operators............................................................... 82,410 18.43 38,340 17.75
Data entry keyers................................................................ 219,530 13.65 28,400 13.20
Word processors and typists...................................................... 101,450 16.55 34,420 16.06
Desktop publishers............................................................... 20,060 18.78 39,060 17.60
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks.................................... 231,570 17.49 36,390 16.71
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service.................... 119,960 13.23 27,530 12.54
Office clerks, general........................................................... 2,789,590 13.58 28,240 12.79
Office machine operators, except computer........................................ 66,580 13.76 28,610 13.02
Proofreaders and copy markers.................................................... 12,770 16.13 33,550 15.08
Statistical assistants........................................................... 15,490 17.83 37,090 16.60
Office and administrative support workers, all other*............................ 253,190 15.67 32,600 14.56
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 408,040 11.70 24,330 9.44
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers................. 19,540 21.65 45,040 20.10
Agricultural inspectors.......................................................... 13,560 20.36 42,340 20.03
Animal breeders.................................................................. 1,380 17.13 35,620 15.07
Graders and sorters, agricultural products....................................... 38,950 10.18 21,180 9.22
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 24,110 12.49 25,970 11.71
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 228,600 9.64 20,040 8.98
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 31,880 11.56 24,040 10.56
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 7,490 13.35 27,780 11.65
Fishers and related fishing workers.............................................. 700 13.41 27,880 12.30
Forest and conservation workers.................................................. 7,040 13.34 27,740 11.49
Fallers.......................................................................... 6,260 18.59 38,660 16.57
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 22,880 16.06 33,400 15.57
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 2,480 16.50 34,330 15.59
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,130 16.59 34,510 16.62
Construction and extraction occupations 5,072,530 21.09 43,870 18.79
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers............. 474,510 29.93 62,260 28.21
Boilermakers..................................................................... 19,030 26.80 55,750 26.27
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 68,520 24.09 50,110 22.56
Stonemasons...................................................................... 11,920 19.16 39,850 17.87
Carpenters....................................................................... 620,410 21.10 43,890 19.00
Carpet installers................................................................ 25,580 19.39 40,320 17.35
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 9,480 18.99 39,490 17.36
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 5,740 16.45 34,220 15.07
Tile and marble setters.......................................................... 31,670 20.11 41,830 18.32
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 140,950 18.89 39,290 17.04
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 3,640 19.97 41,530 18.62
Construction laborers............................................................ 777,700 16.15 33,590 14.08
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 51,830 18.28 38,020 16.42
Pile-driver operators............................................................ 4,230 25.01 52,020 23.01
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 334,730 21.55 44,830 19.42
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 82,320 19.99 41,570 17.94
Tapers........................................................................... 17,690 23.35 48,560 21.87
Electricians..................................................................... 514,760 24.91 51,810 23.20
Glaziers......................................................................... 40,880 19.49 40,540 17.61
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 23,380 17.37 36,120 15.30
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 28,100 20.49 42,620 18.10
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 189,840 18.08 37,610 16.48
Paperhangers..................................................................... 4,040 19.82 41,230 18.08
Pipelayers....................................................................... 45,320 18.38 38,230 16.73
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 358,790 24.21 50,360 22.43
Plasterers and stucco masons..................................................... 26,430 19.75 41,080 17.89
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers............................................... 19,590 21.48 44,690 18.48
Roofers.......................................................................... 99,280 18.21 37,880 16.45
Sheet metal workers.............................................................. 131,600 21.98 45,710 20.05
Structural iron and steel workers................................................ 58,460 23.42 48,710 21.42
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 31,160 14.65 30,470 13.35
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 46,910 12.93 26,890 12.38
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 72,390 13.61 28,300 13.08
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 12,320 11.89 24,730 11.20
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 57,660 13.44 27,950 12.85
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 12,310 11.75 24,450 11.21
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 19,570 13.29 27,650 12.12
Construction and building inspectors............................................. 89,270 26.11 54,320 25.18
Elevator installers and repairers................................................ 20,430 33.66 70,010 34.09
Fence erectors................................................................... 20,810 14.99 31,170 13.93
Hazardous materials removal workers.............................................. 36,910 19.61 40,800 18.08
Highway maintenance workers...................................................... 142,530 17.23 35,830 16.72
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................ 15,520 22.23 46,230 22.10
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners.................................... 24,350 17.05 35,460 16.14
Segmental pavers................................................................. 1,280 15.61 32,480 14.63
Construction and related workers, all other*..................................... 42,140 18.03 37,510 16.59
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 16,930 21.53 44,790 20.90
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 20,230 28.84 59,980 24.99
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining..................................... 36,620 20.58 42,810 18.71
Earth drillers, except oil and gas............................................... 16,200 20.22 42,050 18.92
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters...................... 15,710 22.30 46,370 21.03
Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 13,060 23.22 48,300 23.44
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators.................................... 6,630 21.41 44,530 21.61
Mining machine operators, all other.............................................. 3,200 21.16 44,010 21.08
Rock splitters, quarry........................................................... 3,390 14.84 30,860 14.48
Roof bolters, mining............................................................. 5,610 24.18 50,290 23.97
Roustabouts, oil and gas......................................................... 48,880 16.35 34,020 15.27
Helpers--extraction workers...................................................... 23,400 17.82 37,060 16.43
Extraction workers, all other.................................................... 6,660 19.52 40,600 18.80
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 4,928,960 20.58 42,810 19.29
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers................... 415,900 29.50 61,350 28.44
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers......................... 110,320 18.79 39,080 17.92
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairs...................... 9,590 20.23 42,090 19.11
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 190,100 25.41 52,850 26.30
Avionics technicians............................................................. 18,320 25.02 52,050 25.15
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 18,740 18.20 37,860 17.39
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 12,830 23.91 49,730 23.27
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 67,550 25.06 52,120 24.91
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 23,220 30.83 64,120 31.36
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 15,630 14.65 30,460 13.68
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers................. 30,840 16.87 35,100 15.84
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 57,390 19.59 40,760 18.51
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians....................................... 117,510 25.62 53,280 25.68
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 129,730 19.84 41,270 18.33
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 14,020 16.41 34,120 15.94
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 587,510 18.36 38,200 17.21
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................ 1222,770 20.31 42,250 19.64
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 30,300 16.67 34,680 16.17
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 108,540 22.18 46,140 21.55
Rail car repairers............................................................... 19,280 22.31 46,400 22.80
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 16,850 17.96 37,360 17.11
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 14,750 16.32 33,950 15.37
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 25,010 14.80 30,790 14.22
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 9,530 11.77 24,490 11.38
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 9,540 16.78 34,900 15.66
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 94,120 11.98 24,920 11.14
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 13,240 18.16 37,780 17.20
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 43,430 23.74 49,380 23.28
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............ 224,320 21.57 44,860 20.45
Home appliance repairers......................................................... 33,180 17.54 36,490 16.70
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 275,370 22.65 47,100 21.84
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 69,480 19.38 40,310 18.49
Millwrights...................................................................... 36,670 23.95 49,820 23.25
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 2,060 21.37 44,450 20.36
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 105,540 27.65 57,510 27.90
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 156,350 24.08 50,080 24.45
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 2,810 19.82 41,220 17.87
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 32,980 22.30 46,380 21.39
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 5,650 16.75 34,830 15.27
Watch repairers.................................................................. 2,240 18.73 38,960 17.87
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 12,640 24.66 51,290 24.48
Maintenance and repair workers, general.......................................... 1,217,820 17.61 36,630 16.70
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 36,240 15.36 31,950 14.66
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,720 27.12 56,400 24.69
Fabric menders, except garment................................................... 690 13.16 27,370 12.68
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 15,850 18.05 37,550 17.09
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 5,760 14.46 30,070 13.83
Riggers.......................................................................... 13,660 21.37 44,440 20.57
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 7,400 24.80 51,580 25.59
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 123,220 12.80 26,620 11.66
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other*........................ 118,740 18.91 39,330 17.51
Production occupations 8,236,340 16.24 33,770 14.58
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers....................... 555,260 27.01 56,170 25.53
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers.................... 36,320 21.74 45,230 21.55
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 14,930 14.42 29,980 13.77
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers................................... 180,440 14.96 31,110 13.99
Electromechanical equipment assemblers........................................... 48,980 15.57 32,380 15.21
Engine and other machine assemblers.............................................. 33,310 18.75 38,990 17.46
Structural metal fabricators and fitters......................................... 79,540 17.26 35,900 16.60
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................ 19,060 14.24 29,620 13.75
Team assemblers.................................................................. 928,170 14.05 29,220 13.07
Timing device assemblers and adjusters........................................... 1,560 15.53 32,300 15.02
Assemblers and fabricators, all other............................................ 248,090 14.92 31,040 13.00
Bakers........................................................................... 140,790 12.19 25,350 11.27
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 125,910 14.51 30,190 13.75
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 163,080 11.27 23,440 10.74
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 88,500 11.55 24,010 11.24
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 18,710 13.91 28,940 13.05
Food batchmakers................................................................. 97,220 12.90 26,820 11.85
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 32,220 12.19 25,360 11.24
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic.................... 123,600 17.26 35,890 16.70
Computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers, metal and plastic...... 16,360 23.27 48,400 22.07
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 76,260 16.30 33,900 15.26
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 22,110 16.40 34,100 16.13
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 31,900 18.00 37,450 17.63
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic......................................................... 182,170 14.76 30,690 14.12
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plast 22,390 16.16 33,620 15.56
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic................................................ 70,120 15.54 32,310 14.74
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 40,970 17.23 35,830 16.66
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 20,520 18.05 37,540 17.47
Machinists....................................................................... 352,650 19.13 39,780 18.52
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 15,210 19.28 40,100 18.49
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 11,190 16.99 35,350 16.36
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 6,000 21.50 44,730 20.55
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 4,390 19.04 39,600 17.88
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 10,040 15.36 31,940 14.66
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic......................................................... 114,760 14.44 30,030 13.54
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic......... 69,330 15.99 33,250 15.30
Tool and die makers.............................................................. 66,530 23.42 48,710 22.56
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 314,260 17.96 37,370 17.04
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 38,530 16.93 35,220 16.26
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 18,300 16.42 34,150 15.86
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 8,770 19.18 39,890 19.15
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 30,580 14.88 30,940 13.93
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 11,930 17.15 35,660 16.56
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 24,150 16.44 34,190 14.83
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 48,070 18.26 37,970 17.44
Printing press operators......................................................... 191,130 17.00 35,370 16.19
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 54,230 14.81 30,800 13.90
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers................................................. 204,820 10.21 21,230 9.40
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................ 56,600 9.85 20,480 9.33
Sewing machine operators......................................................... 147,030 10.88 22,630 9.90
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 6,010 11.87 24,690 11.06
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 3,180 12.96 26,960 12.63
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 5,770 12.11 25,200 11.13
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 26,250 13.63 28,360 12.77
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 12,700 11.89 24,720 11.04
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 15,000 12.00 24,950 11.29
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 21,190 12.68 26,360 12.44
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators,and tenders 27,840 12.60 26,200 12.33
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers.......................................................... 14,670 15.79 32,840 15.58
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 6,060 21.25 44,190 18.74
Upholsterers..................................................................... 30,210 15.20 31,620 14.40
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 13,300 13.81 28,720 11.94
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters............................................... 84,170 15.29 31,790 14.48
Furniture finishers.............................................................. 15,400 14.06 29,230 13.37
Model makers, wood............................................................... 1,660 16.22 33,730 14.12
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 1,240 19.57 40,700 16.65
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 37,050 13.13 27,310 12.59
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 61,130 13.29 27,650 12.75
Woodworkers, all other........................................................... 8,610 13.42 27,910 11.79
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 5,080 37.17 77,310 36.37
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 10,100 33.24 69,130 33.13
Power plant operators............................................................ 39,930 29.94 62,270 30.33
Stationary engineers and boiler operators........................................ 35,800 25.30 52,620 25.07
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators........................ 108,330 20.45 42,530 19.60
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 43,130 26.30 54,700 26.68
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 13,480 27.72 57,660 27.50
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 42,850 28.64 59,580 28.87
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 10,870 25.00 52,010 24.99
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 46,250 22.02 45,790 21.71
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders................................................... 38,050 18.65 38,800 18.19
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 33,140 16.21 33,720 15.60
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 27,420 13.80 28,710 13.16
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 123,840 16.40 34,120 15.80
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 17,420 12.57 26,140 11.74
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 61,360 14.95 31,090 14.42
Extruding, forming, pressing,and compacting machine setters,operators,and tenders 65,100 15.74 32,740 15.01
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders..................... 18,470 17.08 35,520 16.54
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers............................. 410,750 17.09 35,550 15.88
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers.................................... 21,510 18.52 38,520 16.91
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 38,360 18.26 37,980 16.90
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 13,320 18.56 38,610 17.15
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 27,880 14.24 29,610 13.45
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................. 342,280 13.26 27,580 12.15
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 77,870 14.93 31,050 14.28
Painters, transportation equipment............................................... 43,300 20.27 42,160 18.77
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 23,970 12.83 26,680 11.73
Semiconductor processors......................................................... 20,930 16.64 34,610 15.93
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators.................... 57,540 11.90 24,760 10.58
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 15,060 14.68 30,520 14.09
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 18,320 13.50 28,090 12.34
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 8,960 14.82 30,830 14.09
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 8,090 14.53 30,210 13.55
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 32,250 14.56 30,270 13.86
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 88,390 16.81 34,970 16.41
Tire builders.................................................................... 15,020 18.19 37,840 18.87
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 394,270 11.66 24,240 10.79
Production workers, all other*................................................... 229,240 14.89 30,980 13.42
Transportation and material moving occupations 8,547,980 15.70 32,660 13.66
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 6,160 24.81 51,610 23.65
First-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand........... 166,360 22.08 45,930 21.06
First-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving machine
and vehicle operators..................................................... 196,420 26.42 54,950 25.34
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 68,580 (²) 115,300 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 29,900 (²) 73,490 (²)
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 23,970 53.02 110,280 51.94
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 6,790 22.47 46,740 21.67
Flight attendants................................................................ 88,020 (²) 41,630 (²)
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians........... 19,440 11.60 24,130 11.03
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 179,700 17.82 37,060 17.08
Bus drivers, school or special client............................................ 467,610 13.78 28,660 13.26
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 371,670 13.02 27,070 10.84
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,466,740 18.97 39,450 18.16
Light truck or delivery services drivers......................................... 780,260 15.45 32,140 13.77
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs...................................................... 161,940 11.82 24,580 10.79
Motor vehicle operators, all other............................................... 61,230 15.83 32,920 13.58
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 40,750 24.46 50,870 22.42
Locomotive firers................................................................ 1,130 22.62 47,040 20.92
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 5,600 18.18 37,810 17.06
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators..................................... 22,760 23.47 48,820 22.92
Railroad conductors and yardmasters.............................................. 42,700 25.18 52,370 23.93
Subway and streetcar operators................................................... 6,360 25.69 53,440 27.35
Rail transportation workers, all other........................................... 3,210 23.09 48,030 22.95
Sailors and marine oilers........................................................ 31,690 18.28 38,030 17.44
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 29,280 33.89 70,500 30.86
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 2,480 19.31 40,170 18.52
Ship engineers................................................................... 9,470 34.09 70,920 31.67
Bridge and lock tenders.......................................................... 3,250 20.72 43,090 22.08
Parking lot attendants........................................................... 124,590 10.21 21,250 9.39
Automotive and watercraft service attendants..................................... 86,440 10.20 21,210 9.40
Traffic technicians.............................................................. 6,730 20.94 43,550 19.77
Transportation inspectors........................................................ 24,280 30.31 63,050 27.71
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants.............................. 25,150 11.21 23,320 10.06
Transportation workers, all other................................................ 32,760 17.31 36,010 15.83
Conveyor operators and tenders................................................... 36,810 14.69 30,550 14.07
Crane and tower operators........................................................ 39,510 24.03 49,980 22.23
Dredge operators................................................................. 1,720 17.59 36,580 16.20
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators............................ 49,140 19.19 39,910 17.75
Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................... 3,050 22.20 46,170 22.07
Hoist and winch operators........................................................ 2,810 19.76 41,110 18.11
Industrial truck and tractor operators........................................... 518,350 15.15 31,500 14.32
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 288,110 10.74 22,340 9.46
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,024,180 12.36 25,710 11.28
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 119,730 13.54 28,170 12.98
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 676,870 10.63 22,100 9.44
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 4,040 24.48 50,920 24.32
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 9,440 22.14 46,060 21.03
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 12,960 20.45 42,540 19.54
Refuse and recyclable material collectors........................................ 126,360 16.50 34,310 15.69
Mine shuttle car operators....................................................... 3,080 23.43 48,730 23.13
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................ 10,390 21.40 44,510 20.57
Material moving workers, all other............................................... 28,040 18.02 37,480 16.35
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for
those occupations where there is not
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries
depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage above $80.00 per hour.
4 Estimates not released.
* Occupation titles followed by an asterisk (*) have similar titles, but not necessarily the same content as 2010 SOC occupations.
United States Department of Labor
