For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 13, 2010 USDL-10-0963
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – May 2010
There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of May
2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The job
openings rate was little changed over the month at 2.4 percent. The
hires rate (3.4 percent) was little changed and the separations rate
(3.1 percent) was unchanged. This release includes estimates of the
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total
nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in May was 3.2 million, which was little
changed from April. Although the month-to-month change is small, the
number of job openings has risen by 868,000 (37 percent) since the
most recent trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. Even with the gains
since July 2009, the number of job openings in May 2010 remained below
those in place at the start of the recession in every industry except
government, and in each region except the Northeast. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,488 |3,302 |3,206 |3,962 |4,292 |4,504 |4,401 |4,013 |4,085
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,183 |2,675 |2,596 |3,690 |3,935 |3,778 |4,076 |3,726 |3,756
Construction.....| 37 | 88 | 80 | 328 | 349 | 313 | 393 | 345 | 344
Manufacturing....| 104 | 195 | 196 | 204 | 305 | 258 | 364 | 249 | 232
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 479 | 456 | 455 | 843 | 856 | 807 | 905 | 803 | 787
Retail trade....| 334 | 292 | 281 | 562 | 593 | 558 | 597 | 551 | 565
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 407 | 550 | 580 | 739 | 780 | 777 | 790 | 733 | 785
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 523 | 561 | 520 | 460 | 496 | 482 | 427 | 475 | 443
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 278 | 274 | 299 | 683 | 711 | 671 | 684 | 684 | 689
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 22 | 24 | 42 | 81 | 127 | 101 | 88 | 114 | 117
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 255 | 250 | 257 | 602 | 584 | 570 | 596 | 570 | 571
Government(3).....| 304 | 627 | 611 | 272 | 357 | 726 | 325 | 287 | 328
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 256 | 260 | 239 | 251 | 248 | 240 | 250 | 248 | 257
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.5
Construction.....| 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.2
Manufacturing....| 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 2.0
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.2
Retail trade....| 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.9
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.7
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 6.2
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.1
Government(3).....| 1.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
The number of job openings in May (not seasonally adjusted) increased
from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The job openings level increased in many industries and in
3 of the 4 regions—Northeast, South, and West. (See table 5.)
Hires
In May, the hires rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm at
3.4 percent. Although the over-the-month change in the rate was not
significant, the last time the hires rate was 3.4 percent was August
2008. The rate was between 3.0 percent and 3.3 percent from September
2008 through April 2010. The number of hires for total nonfarm has
increased by 648,000 (17 percent) since the most recent trough in June
2009 but remains below pre-recession levels. The hires rate increased
in May for government, reflecting the temporary workers hired for
Census 2010. The number of hires remained below pre-
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recession levels in every industry except government (due to Census
2010 hires) and in each region. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in May, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) rose for total nonfarm. The hires rate increased over the
past 12 months in mining and logging, durable goods manufacturing, and
federal government, and fell in wholesale trade. The hires rate
increased over the year in the Midwest and South and was little
changed in the other two regions. (See table 6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate for total
nonfarm remained at 3.1 percent in May for the fourth consecutive
month. The rate was also little changed over the month for total
private and government. The total separations rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in May for
total nonfarm and total private, and was unchanged for government.
(See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In May, the quits rate was essentially
unchanged at 1.4 percent for total nonfarm and was little changed in
every industry and region. The number of quits fell by 1.4 million (46
percent) between the November 2006 peak and the September 2009 trough.
Since September 2009, the number of quits has risen by 161,000. (See
table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in May, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm and total private and
unchanged for government. The quits rate was little changed in every
industry and region over the year except in information where the rate
decreased and in federal government where the rate increased. (See
table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed
in May for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Layoffs and
discharges declined from a peak of 2.6 million in January 2009 to 1.9
million in May 2010, just 30,000 above the level at the start of the
recession. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over
the 12 months ending in May for total nonfarm and total private and
was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate
fell over the year in many industries and 2 of the 4 regions—Midwest
and West. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | May | Apr. | May | May | Apr. | May
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,342 | 1,760 | 1,865 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4
Total private.....| 2,163 | 1,633 | 1,708 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6
Government........| 179 | 127 | 157 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
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The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In May, there
were 312,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 242,000 for total
private, and 71,000 for government. Compared to May 2009, the number
of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total
private but increased for government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
In May 2010, the proportion of quits and layoffs and discharges were
equal at 46 percent. From the beginning of the series in December 2000
through October 2008, the proportion of quits exceeded the proportion
of layoffs and discharges. In November 2008, layoffs and discharges
became the larger contributor to total separations. In February 2010,
the relative contribution reversed again with the proportion of quits
slightly exceeding the proportion of layoffs and discharges. (Computed
using values from tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 49.4 million and
separations totaled 49.9 million, yielding a net employment loss of
0.6 million.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2010 are
scheduled to be released on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
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The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the
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first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the
sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings,
hires, and separations from these units during their early existence.
BLS has developed a model to estimate birth/death activity for current
months by examining the birth/death activity from previous years on the
QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an econometric technique
known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical
JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
- 8 -
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,488 2,531 2,854 2,647 2,785 3,302 3,206 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,183 2,130 2,471 2,266 2,363 2,675 2,596 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4
Construction........................... 37 67 62 65 83 88 80 .6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 104 171 154 167 180 195 196 .9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 479 378 395 453 470 456 455 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 334 237 255 297 305 292 281 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9
Professional and business services..... 407 404 424 409 423 550 580 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.4
Education and health services.......... 523 545 624 502 536 561 520 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6
Leisure and hospitality................ 278 227 268 285 257 274 299 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 22 20 19 19 24 24 42 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.2
Accommodation and food services....... 255 207 250 266 232 250 257 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2
Government(6)........................... 304 401 383 381 421 627 611 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.6
State and local government............. 256 294 256 246 262 260 239 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 552 547 585 542 599 678 705 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.8
South.................................. 864 943 986 916 945 1,080 1,175 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4
Midwest................................ 525 495 613 566 573 664 610 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0
West................................... 554 603 648 682 707 821 718 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 3,962 3,997 4,087 4,011 4,331 4,292 4,504 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,690 3,715 3,790 3,710 3,970 3,935 3,778 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5
Construction........................... 328 335 312 306 400 349 313 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.2 5.6
Manufacturing.......................... 204 244 289 267 279 305 258 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 843 849 822 821 897 856 807 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 562 547 584 572 646 593 558 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.9
Professional and business services..... 739 652 729 767 744 780 777 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.7
Education and health services.......... 460 496 487 470 503 496 482 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 683 657 715 652 712 711 671 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 81 94 102 88 114 127 101 4.3 5.0 5.4 4.6 6.0 6.7 5.4
Accommodation and food services....... 602 562 613 564 598 584 570 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1
Government(6)........................... 272 282 297 301 360 357 726 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.2
State and local government............. 251 254 254 258 268 248 240 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 706 746 836 733 837 695 811 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.3
South.................................. 1,448 1,463 1,449 1,381 1,618 1,585 1,640 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.5
Midwest................................ 871 900 936 965 1,073 1,012 1,055 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.6
West................................... 923 879 922 861 1,025 870 972 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.4
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,401 4,195 4,155 3,969 4,048 4,013 4,085 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,076 3,884 3,858 3,663 3,743 3,726 3,756 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5
Construction........................... 393 382 405 362 365 345 344 6.4 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.2
Manufacturing.......................... 364 273 276 260 245 249 232 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 905 901 856 806 866 803 787 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 597 567 577 551 620 551 565 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.9
Professional and business services..... 790 649 698 716 699 733 785 4.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.7
Education and health services.......... 427 486 457 440 455 475 443 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 684 688 709 621 677 684 689 5.2 5.3 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 88 109 111 78 119 114 117 4.6 5.8 5.9 4.1 6.3 6.0 6.2
Accommodation and food services....... 596 578 598 543 558 570 571 5.3 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.1
Government(6)........................... 325 311 296 306 305 287 328 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
State and local government............. 250 283 269 273 268 248 257 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 830 817 789 730 821 690 774 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.1
South.................................. 1,600 1,499 1,561 1,459 1,423 1,427 1,495 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2
Midwest................................ 1,053 1,016 988 858 895 948 978 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3
West................................... 1,033 1,061 1,034 954 920 944 933 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 1,807 1,753 1,772 1,851 1,918 1,972 1,877 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,706 1,639 1,661 1,719 1,802 1,871 1,774 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
Construction........................... 77 76 99 84 83 67 59 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0
Manufacturing.......................... 91 75 85 97 89 99 95 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 394 392 368 432 424 442 422 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7
Retail trade.......................... 291 291 266 333 316 330 324 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2
Professional and business services..... 309 248 259 300 315 323 322 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9
Education and health services.......... 251 271 248 237 253 299 250 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 381 375 401 393 406 419 413 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 42 32 48 35 36 40 39 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1
Accommodation and food services....... 339 344 353 358 371 379 374 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3
Government(6)........................... 100 114 112 132 117 101 103 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .4
State and local government............. 97 106 106 121 105 93 89 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 296 280 268 320 325 332 291 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
South.................................. 726 722 736 755 750 744 714 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Midwest................................ 392 391 380 421 438 442 440 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5
West................................... 396 382 362 434 406 429 412 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,452 3,638 3,207 1.8 2.7 2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,144 2,988 2,600 1.9 2.7 2.4
Mining and Logging............................ 12 26 18 1.7 3.6 2.5
Construction.................................. 41 110 89 .7 2.0 1.6
Manufacturing................................. 105 205 201 .9 1.7 1.7
Durable goods................................ 60 128 133 .8 1.8 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 44 77 68 1.0 1.7 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 460 473 450 1.8 1.9 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 79 94 118 1.4 1.7 2.1
Retail trade................................. 316 304 265 2.1 2.1 1.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 65 75 66 1.3 1.6 1.4
Information................................... 48 104 92 1.7 3.7 3.3
Financial activities.......................... 154 274 225 1.9 3.5 2.9
Finance and insurance........................ 118 226 187 2.0 3.9 3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 48 37 1.8 2.4 1.9
Professional and business services............ 398 591 578 2.4 3.4 3.4
Education and health services................. 495 612 488 2.5 3.0 2.4
Educational services......................... 43 74 62 1.3 2.2 1.9
Health care and social assistance............ 452 538 426 2.7 3.2 2.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 305 346 338 2.2 2.6 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 27 33 53 1.3 1.8 2.6
Accommodation and food services............. 278 313 285 2.4 2.7 2.4
Other services................................ 128 247 122 2.3 4.4 2.2
Government..................................... 308 650 606 1.3 2.7 2.5
Federal....................................... 45 381 365 1.5 11.3 9.7
State and local............................... 263 269 241 1.3 1.3 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 517 773 687 2.0 3.0 2.7
South......................................... 844 1,184 1,178 1.7 2.5 2.4
Midwest....................................... 521 745 604 1.7 2.5 2.0
West.......................................... 571 936 737 1.9 3.1 2.5
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 4,327 4,762 4,875 3.3 3.7 3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,040 4,478 4,135 3.7 4.2 3.8
Mining and Logging............................ 16 32 33 2.3 4.5 4.6
Construction.................................. 403 494 381 6.6 9.0 6.7
Manufacturing................................. 234 314 295 2.0 2.7 2.5
Durable goods................................ 106 183 179 1.4 2.6 2.5
Nondurable goods............................. 128 131 116 2.8 2.9 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 907 933 847 3.6 3.8 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 190 174 135 3.4 3.1 2.4
Retail trade................................. 597 640 584 4.1 4.5 4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 119 119 128 2.5 2.5 2.7
Information................................... 57 57 54 2.0 2.1 2.0
Financial activities.......................... 176 220 204 2.3 2.9 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 108 140 126 1.9 2.5 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 68 80 78 3.4 4.1 4.0
Professional and business services............ 770 900 822 4.7 5.4 5.0
Education and health services................. 425 484 440 2.2 2.5 2.3
Educational services......................... 51 47 44 1.6 1.4 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 374 436 396 2.3 2.7 2.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 853 855 839 6.4 6.6 6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 129 159 150 6.5 8.5 7.6
Accommodation and food services............. 724 697 689 6.4 6.3 6.1
Other services................................ 200 189 219 3.7 3.6 4.1
Government..................................... 287 284 740 1.2 1.2 3.2
Federal....................................... 21 104 487 .7 3.5 14.4
State and local............................... 266 180 253 1.3 .9 1.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 766 812 875 3.1 3.3 3.5
South......................................... 1,520 1,769 1,705 3.2 3.8 3.6
Midwest....................................... 1,016 1,189 1,219 3.4 4.0 4.1
West.......................................... 1,025 992 1,075 3.5 3.4 3.7
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 3,959 4,129 3,671 3.0 3.2 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,608 3,923 3,328 3.3 3.7 3.1
Mining and Logging............................ 23 21 16 3.3 3.1 2.2
Construction.................................. 327 331 283 5.3 6.0 5.0
Manufacturing................................. 324 279 202 2.7 2.4 1.7
Durable goods................................ 200 149 111 2.7 2.1 1.5
Nondurable goods............................. 124 131 92 2.7 2.9 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 849 817 729 3.4 3.3 3.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 162 142 103 2.9 2.6 1.8
Retail trade................................. 558 550 528 3.9 3.8 3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 128 125 99 2.7 2.7 2.1
Information................................... 67 54 48 2.4 2.0 1.7
Financial activities.......................... 167 229 170 2.1 3.0 2.2
Finance and insurance........................ 106 162 104 1.8 2.9 1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 61 67 65 3.1 3.5 3.4
Professional and business services............ 655 813 671 4.0 4.9 4.0
Education and health services................. 429 486 430 2.2 2.5 2.2
Educational services......................... 85 55 69 2.7 1.7 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 344 430 361 2.1 2.6 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 606 707 619 4.5 5.4 4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 63 104 92 3.1 5.6 4.6
Accommodation and food services............. 543 603 528 4.8 5.4 4.6
Other services................................ 163 187 160 3.0 3.5 3.0
Government..................................... 350 206 343 1.5 .9 1.5
Federal....................................... 73 35 70 2.6 1.2 2.1
State and local............................... 277 171 273 1.4 .9 1.4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 655 686 612 2.6 2.8 2.5
South......................................... 1,508 1,551 1,421 3.2 3.3 3.0
Midwest....................................... 887 931 833 3.0 3.2 2.8
West.......................................... 910 960 805 3.1 3.3 2.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 1,764 2,120 1,847 1.3 1.6 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,646 2,040 1,731 1.5 1.9 1.6
Mining and Logging............................ 6 10 7 .8 1.4 1.0
Construction.................................. 75 64 54 1.2 1.2 1.0
Manufacturing................................. 83 111 90 .7 1.0 .8
Durable goods................................ 39 55 40 .5 .8 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 45 56 50 1.0 1.3 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 393 477 421 1.6 1.9 1.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 40 66 43 .7 1.2 .8
Retail trade................................. 297 346 334 2.0 2.4 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 55 65 44 1.2 1.4 .9
Information................................... 35 30 20 1.3 1.1 .7
Financial activities.......................... 69 119 85 .9 1.6 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 33 83 54 .6 1.5 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 36 31 1.8 1.9 1.6
Professional and business services............ 299 355 325 1.8 2.1 2.0
Education and health services................. 244 306 240 1.3 1.6 1.2
Educational services......................... 23 32 30 .7 1.0 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 220 274 211 1.4 1.7 1.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 360 452 395 2.7 3.5 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 38 37 36 1.9 2.0 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 322 415 359 2.8 3.7 3.2
Other services................................ 82 117 94 1.5 2.2 1.8
Government..................................... 118 80 116 .5 .3 .5
Federal....................................... 3 7 15 .1 .2 .4
State and local............................... 115 73 101 .6 .4 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 274 353 274 1.1 1.4 1.1
South......................................... 730 839 725 1.5 1.8 1.5
Midwest....................................... 367 468 429 1.2 1.6 1.4
West.......................................... 393 460 418 1.3 1.6 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 1,924 1,650 1,512 1.5 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,738 1,572 1,355 1.6 1.5 1.3
Mining and Logging............................ 16 9 8 2.2 1.3 1.1
Construction.................................. 246 242 219 4.0 4.4 3.9
Manufacturing................................. 219 142 93 1.8 1.2 .8
Durable goods................................ 147 75 60 2.0 1.1 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 72 67 33 1.6 1.5 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 376 277 239 1.5 1.1 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 107 69 58 1.9 1.2 1.0
Retail trade................................. 206 161 140 1.4 1.1 1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 64 46 42 1.3 1.0 .9
Information................................... 25 21 25 .9 .8 .9
Financial activities.......................... 78 69 66 1.0 .9 .9
Finance and insurance........................ 54 44 38 .9 .8 .7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 24 25 28 1.2 1.3 1.4
Professional and business services............ 323 378 296 2.0 2.3 1.8
Education and health services................. 153 151 161 .8 .8 .8
Educational services......................... 56 21 36 1.8 .6 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 97 131 125 .6 .8 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 221 226 193 1.7 1.7 1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 24 66 52 1.2 3.6 2.6
Accommodation and food services............. 198 160 141 1.7 1.4 1.2
Other services................................ 80 57 56 1.5 1.1 1.1
Government..................................... 185 78 157 .8 .3 .7
Federal....................................... 62 17 43 2.2 .6 1.3
State and local............................... 124 61 114 .6 .3 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 331 267 292 1.3 1.1 1.2
South......................................... 682 602 572 1.4 1.3 1.2
Midwest....................................... 456 358 330 1.5 1.2 1.1
West.......................................... 455 423 318 1.6 1.5 1.1
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 271 359 312 0.2 0.3 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 224 311 242 .2 .3 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 1 .3 .4 .2
Construction.................................. 6 25 10 .1 .4 .2
Manufacturing................................. 22 26 20 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 14 19 11 .2 .3 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 8 8 9 .2 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 80 63 69 .3 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 15 7 2 .3 .1 (4)
Retail trade................................. 56 43 54 .4 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 9 14 14 .2 .3 .3
Information................................... 6 3 3 .2 .1 .1
Financial activities.......................... 19 41 19 .2 .5 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 18 35 12 .3 .6 .2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1 6 7 (4) .3 .4
Professional and business services............ 32 80 50 .2 .5 .3
Education and health services................. 32 29 28 .2 .1 .1
Educational services......................... 6 3 3 .2 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 26 26 25 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 24 28 31 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1 1 3 (4) (4) .2
Accommodation and food services............. 23 27 28 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 1 13 9 (4) .2 .2
Government..................................... 47 48 71 .2 .2 .3
Federal....................................... 8 11 12 .3 .4 .3
State and local............................... 39 37 59 .2 .2 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 50 67 46 .2 .3 .2
South......................................... 95 110 123 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 65 105 74 .2 .4 .2
West.......................................... 62 77 69 .2 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
