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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print

Green Goods and Services News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 19, 2013       USDL-13-0476

Technical information:  (202) 691-5185 • GGSInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ggs
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902 •  PressOffice@bls.gov


             EMPLOYMENT IN GREEN GOODS AND SERVICES – 2011


In 2011, the percentage of total employment associated with the
production of Green Goods and Services (GGS) increased by 0.1
percentage point to 2.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The number of GGS jobs increased by 157,746 to
3,401,279. GGS employment accounted for 2.3 percent of private sector
jobs and 4.2 percent of public sector jobs in 2011. The private sector
had 2,515,200 GGS jobs, while the public sector had 886,080 GGS jobs.
Among private sector industries, construction had the largest
employment rate increase, from 7.0 to 8.9 percentage points, while
manufacturing had the most GGS jobs (507,168). (See table 1.) GGS jobs
are found in businesses that primarily produce goods and provide
services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources.

---------------------------------------------------------------------
|Green Goods and Services Industry Employment Data are Discontinued |
|                                                                   |
|On March 1, 2013, President Obama ordered into effect the across-  |
|the-board spending cuts (commonly referred to as sequestration)    |
|required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control      |
|Act, as amended. Under the order, the Bureau of Labor Statistics   | 
|(BLS) must cut its current budget by more than $30 million, 5      |
|percent of the current 2013 appropriation, by September 30, 2013.  |
|In order to help achieve these savings and protect core programs,  |
|the BLS will eliminate two programs and all "measuring green jobs" |
|products.  These products include:  data on employment by          |
|industry and occupation for businesses that produce green goods    |
|and services; data on the occupations and wages of jobs related    | 
|to green technologies and practices; and green career information  |  
|publications. This is the last scheduled release of new data on    |
|employment by industry for businesses that produce green goods     |
|and services.                                                      |
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Among the states, California had the largest number of GGS jobs
(360,245), accounting for 2.5 percent of employment in the state. The
District of Columbia had the highest proportion of GGS employment, at
5.1 percent; Oregon had the second highest proportion, at 4.3 percent.
(See table 4.)

GGS employment data are compiled through the Green Goods and Services
survey under the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. The QCEW includes nearly all businesses with employees
covered by state or federal unemployment insurance, which constitute
approximately 95.7 percent of civilian wage and salary employment in
the U.S. The GGS survey includes approximately 120,000 business and
government establishments within 325 industries identified as
potentially producing green goods or providing green services.
Establishments in the survey report whether they produced green goods
and services and the percentage of their revenue or employment
associated with that output. Those percentages are multiplied by their
employment to derive the number of GGS jobs for the establishment.
More information about the survey is provided in the Technical Note.

Private Industry

The private sector had 2,515,200 GGS jobs in 2011, or 2.3 percent of
private sector employment. (See tables A and 1.) Manufacturing had the
largest number of GGS jobs (507,168) among all private industry
sectors. These GGS jobs accounted for 4.3 percent of manufacturing
employment. Examples of green goods and services produced by
manufacturing industries include iron and steel from recycled inputs,
air conditioning and refrigeration equipment meeting selected
standards, hybrid cars and parts, and pollution mitigation equipment.
(See table 3.)


Table A. GGS employment by private industry sector,
2010-11 annual averages
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
       |                         |            |            |   Change   |
NAICS  |     Industry            |  2010 GGS  |  2011 GGS  |   in GGS   |
       |                         | employment | employment | employment,| 
       |                         |            |            |   2010-11  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
10     |Total private,           |            |	           |            |
       | all industries......... |  2,342,562 |  2,515,200 |    172,638 |
11,21  |Natural resources        |  	      |     	   |            |
       |and mining.............. |     63,344 |     64,689 |      1,345 |
22     |Utilities............... |     69,031 |     71,129 |      2,098 |
23     |Construction............ |    385,777 |    487,709 |    101,932 |
31-33  |Manufacturing........... |    492,985 |    507,168 |     14,183 |
42,    |			 |  	      |  	   |            |
44-45  |Trade................... |    205,567 |    223,079 |     17,512 |
48-49  |Transportation 	         |  	      |  	   |            |
       |and warehousing......... |    242,137 |    238,755 |     -3,382 |
51     |Information............. |     33,321 |     29,412 |     -3,909 |
52,53  |Financial activities.... |        462 |        475 |         13 |
54     |Professional, scientific,|   	      |  	   |            |
       |and technical services.. |    355,386 |    381,981 |     26,595 |
55     |Management of companies  |  	      |  	   |            |
       |and enterprises......... |     62,630 |     69,310 |      6,680 |
56     |Administrative 	         |            |  	   |            |
       |and waste services...... |    330,650 |    335,417 |      4,767 |
61,62  |Education and 		 |  	      |  	   |            |
       |health services......... |     28,789 |     26,123 |     -2,666 |
71,72  |Leisure and hospitality. |     20,642 |     23,696 |      3,054 |
81     |Other services, except   |  	      |  	   |            |
       |public administration... |     51,841 |     56,257 |      4,416 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.


Construction had 487,709 GGS jobs in 2011, comprising 8.9 percent of
the sector's employment. The sector had the largest increase in GGS
employment from 2010 to 2011, up 101,932, or 26.4 percent. Among the
GGS activities performed within the sector are the construction of
plants that produce energy from renewable sources and weatherizing and
retrofitting projects that reduce household energy consumption.

The trade sector had 223,079 GGS jobs in 2011, accounting for 1.1
percent of the industry's employment. This sector's increase of 17,512
GGS jobs, or 8.5 percent over the year, was the second largest
significant change in the private sector. Industries within the trade
sector that have GGS output include recyclable material merchant
wholesalers and used merchandise stores.

Leisure and hospitality services had 23,696 GGS jobs in 2011. GGS
employment in leisure and hospitality grew by 3,054, or 14.8 percent
over the year. Nature parks and botanical gardens are examples of GGS
services within leisure and hospitality services.

In the transportation and warehousing sector, the number of GGS jobs
decreased by 3,382 to 238,755, a decline of about 1.4 percent.
Commuter rail systems and charter bus services are examples of GGS
services within transportation and warehousing.

Utilities

Utilities had 71,129 GGS jobs in 2011, or 12.9 percent of total
private utilities employment. The private utilities sector added 2,098
GGS jobs in 2011, a 3.0 percent increase. Among the industries
involved in private sector electric power generation, nuclear electric
power generation had the highest GGS employment, with 44,054 jobs in
2011. Hydroelectric power generation had the second largest GGS
employment, with 3,780 GGS jobs. Wind electric power generation was
third with 2,724 GGS jobs, followed by biomass electric power
generation (1,166), geothermal electric power generation (1,017), and
solar electric power generation (522). Other electric power generation
had 525 GGS jobs in 2011. (See table 2 for public sector utilities
data and table 3 for private sector utilities data.)

Government

The public sector had 886,080 GGS jobs in 2011, accounting for 4.2
percent of employment in the sector. Over the year, government GGS
employment decreased by 14,890 (-1.7 percent). Local government had
424,201 GGS jobs in 2011, the most in the public sector, representing
3.1 percent of local government employment. The transportation and
warehousing sector had the largest GGS employment in local government
with 209,063 jobs. (See table 2.)

In 2011, state government had 248,539 GGS jobs, or 5.5 percent of
state government employment. Public administration led GGS employment
in state government with 164,952 GGS jobs. The enforcement of
environmental regulations and the administration of environmental
programs are examples of GGS services within public administration.

The federal government had 213,340 GGS jobs representing 7.5 percent
of federal government employment in 2011. The public administration
sector had 139,884 GGS jobs, the most within federal government. The
professional, scientific, and technical services sector followed with
39,714 GGS jobs.

Geographic Detail

Ten states had over 100,000 GGS jobs in 2011: California (360,245),
New York (266,308), Texas (227,532), Pennsylvania (167,397), Ohio
(137,143), Illinois (136,447), Florida (117,433), North Carolina
(108,094), Virginia (107,773), and Washington (101,593). (See table
4.)

The District of Columbia had the highest percentage of GGS total
employment of any jurisdiction (5.1 percent) in 2011. Oregon had the
next highest proportion of its employment in GGS jobs (4.3 percent).
California experienced the largest increase in GGS employment, with an
additional 17,366 GGS jobs, or 5.1 percent added, over the year.
Maryland had the second largest increase in GGS employment, with
14,143 GGS jobs, or 18.3 percent added between 2010 and 2011.

GGS employment by percentage of revenue or employment from green goods
and services

GGS employment is determined based on the percentage of revenue (or
percentage of employment, in the absence of revenue) associated with
the production of green goods and services. The GGS survey scope is
defined as 325 6-digit NAICS industries that potentially produce green
goods and services. Any establishment within that scope could fall
into one of three categories: no revenue or employment from green
goods or services, some revenue or employment from green goods or
services, or all revenue or employment from green goods and services.


Table B. Employment by frame, 2010-11 annual averages
---------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                   2010                 |
    Revenue or       |-----------------------------------------
    employment       | GGS in-scope |    GGS     |   Percent  |
     from GGS        |  employment* | employment |    of GGS  |
                     |              |            | employment |
---------------------------------------------------------------
0%                   |   17,696,984 |          0 |          0 |
between 0% and 100%  |    6,207,622 |  1,416,620 |       43.7 |
100%                 |    1,826,913 |  1,826,913 |       56.3 |
Total                |   25,731,519 |  3,243,533 |      100.0 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
                     |                      2011              |
    Revenue or       |-----------------------------------------
    employment       | GGS in-scope |    GGS     |   Percent  |
     from GGS        |  employment* | employment |    of GGS  |
                     |              |            | employment |
------------------------------------------------------------
0%                   |   17,497,369 |          0 |          0 |
between 0% and 100%  |    6,637,244 |  1,478,029 |       43.5 |
100%                 |    1,923,251 |  1,923,251 |       56.5 |
Total                |   26,057,864 |  3,401,279 |      100.0 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
  *GGS in-scope employment is the total employment within
    industries that potentially produce green goods or
    provide green services, based on the Quarterly Census of
    Employment and Wages.
  NOTE: GGS Data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate
    methodological changes as explained in the Technical
    Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to
    rounding.


In 2011, the majority (56.5 percent) of GGS employment was found in
establishments that exclusively produced green goods and services;
these establishments had 1,923,251 GGS jobs. Establishments that
produced a mix of green and non-green goods and services had 1,478,029
GGS jobs in the same time period. Establishments that produced no
green goods or services (i.e., no revenue or employment was associated
with green goods and services in those establishments) accounted for
67.1 percent of employment within the GGS scope. (See table B.)

For More Information

The tables and charts included in this release contain data for the
nation and for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data for
2011 green employment levels and percents for all states are provided
in tables 4, 5, and 6 of this release. For additional information
about the Green Goods and Services data, please read the Technical
Note. Further information about the GGS data may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-5185 or by accessing the GGS web page at
www.bls.gov/ggs.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|        Revisions to the Green Goods and Services Data           |
|                                                                 |      
|Effective with this release, the Bureau of Labor Statistics made |
|improvements to the Green Goods and Services (GGS) estimation    |
|procedures. The estimates for 2010 have been revised to include  |
|these improvements. In addition, the 2010 GGS data have been     |
|revised to reflect the 2012 version of the North American        |
|Industry Classification System (NAICS). These revisions enable   |
|comparisons between GGS series from 2010 to those for 2011. For  |
|more information, please see the Technical Note and              |
|http://www.bls.gov/ggs/ggsoverview.htm#technote.                 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Technical Note

 This  release  presents  statistics from  the  Green  Goods  and
Services  program (GGS). GGS employment level and rate  estimates
are published by state, ownership, and industry. Data for GGS are
collected and compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics  from  a
sample  of  business  and government establishments  in  selected
industries with workers covered by state and federal unemployment
insurance  (UI) legislation provided by State Workforce  Agencies
(SWAs).
 
Collection
 In  an  annual  survey  of  business  establishments,  data  are
collected  for employment, fiscal year, and the share of  revenue
or  employment  associated  with production  of  green  goods  or
services  at  the  establishment level. Data  collection  methods
include mail, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, web,  and
fax.
 
Coverage
 BLS  sampled  from 325 North American Industrial  Classification
System  (NAICS) industries identified as potential  producers  or
providers of green goods and services. The GGS survey covers  all
private  establishments in these industries, such  as  factories,
offices,  and  stores,  as  well as  federal,  state,  and  local
government  entities  in  the  50  states  and  the  District  of
Columbia.
 
Concepts
 Green  Goods and Services. Green goods and services are  defined
as  goods and services produced by an establishment that  benefit
the  environment or conserve natural resources. Green  goods  and
services fall into one or more of the following five groups:  (1)
production   of  energy  from  renewable  sources;   (2)   energy
efficiency;  (3) pollution reduction and removal, greenhouse  gas
reduction,  and  recycling  and  reuse;  (4)  natural   resources
conservation;  and  (5) environmental compliance,  education  and
training, and public awareness.
 
 Industry  classification. The industry classifications  in  this
release  are  in accordance with the 2012 version  of  the  North
American  Industry Classification System (NAICS).  Only  the  325
industries  identified  by  BLS  as  producing  green  goods  and
providing  green services are included in the scope  of  the  GGS
survey.  To  ensure  the highest possible quality  of  data,  the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program  verifies
with  employers  and  updates,  if  necessary,  the  NAICS  code,
location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a
3-year  cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting
from  the  verification process are annually introduced into  the
GGS sampling frame.
 
 Green  Goods  and  Services jobs. GGS jobs are those  associated
with  producing  green  goods or providing green  services.  Some
businesses  produce multiple products and services where  one  or
more may be included in the BLS definition. For these cases,  BLS
determined  from  prior  research  that  businesses  often   have
difficulty providing employment associated with the production of
green  goods and services, while information on the revenue  from
the sale of the green goods or services is more readily available
and less burdensome for the respondent to provide. The percentage
of the establishment's revenue related to sale of green goods and
services  is  used  to estimate GGS jobs, which  are  defined  as
employment related to the production of green goods and  services
at  the  establishment level. Sampled establishments that do  not
generate  revenue  are  asked  to  report  the  share  of   their
employment  involved  with  the production  of  green  goods  and
services.  For  example,  employment  related  to  research   and
development,  non-profit organizations, government agencies,  and
new  businesses  may  provide green goods  and  services  without
generating income.
 
 Employment.  Employment  includes persons  on  the  payroll  who
worked  or  received  pay for the pay period  that  includes  the
twelfth   day  of  the  reference  month.  Full-time,  part-time,
permanent,  short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly  employees
are  included, as are employees on paid vacations or  other  paid
leave.  Proprietors  or  partners of  unincorporated  businesses,
unpaid  family  workers, or persons on leave without  pay  or  on
strike  for  the entire pay period, are not counted as  employed.
Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside  contractors,  and  consultants  are  counted  by   their
employer  of  record,  not by the establishment  where  they  are
working.  The  monthly employment figure provided by  respondents
will  be  compared to employment data BLS has on file as part  of
the QCEW program, which comprise BLS’ business register, in order
to   verify  that  data  are  being  collected  for  the  correct
establishment.
 
 Estimates. Estimates of GGS employment and GGS percent of  total
QCEW employment are released with the annual GGS news release.
 
Sample and estimation methodology
 Sample.  BLS  selects approximately 120,000  GGS  establishments
per year from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program.  This  program includes all employers subject  to  state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject  to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).  Most  of
these  establishments are selected from the second  quarter  QCEW
sample frame, while a small sample of new business establishments
is  selected from the fourth quarters. The sample is designed  to
estimate  GGS  employment  at both national  industry  and  state
industry sector levels of detail.
 The  GGS  sample  is divided into three panels, each  containing
approximately 40,000 sample units. Two of the three panel samples
overlap  with the previous year's sample to produce estimates  of
change  in  green  employment.  A new  sample  is  allocated  and
selected from the panel that does not overlap.
 
 Estimation.  A  Horvitz-Thompson estimator is used  to  estimate
GGS  employment,  based  on an establishment's  12-month  average
employment  over  the  reference period, percent  of  revenue  or
employment associated with green goods and services, and sampling
weight.   The  12-month  average  employment  is  obtained   from
corresponding   QCEW  files  and  is  known  for   each   sampled
establishments.
 GGS percentage estimates are relative to the QCEW employment  of
all  industries  contained within a particular estimation  cell's
NAICS  code,  not  only the 325 industries included  in  the  GGS
scope.  For  GGS  employment percentages,  the  estimate  of  GGS
employment  is divided by the 12-month average of QCEW employment
over the reference period.
 
 Reliability.  GGS  estimates are subject to  both  sampling  and
nonsampling error. Sampling error arises from selecting a  sample
of  establishments rather than the entire business population. To
measure  this  error,  GGS uses a balanced  repeated  replication
technique to calculate standard errors. Given the standard  error
for  an  estimate, an approximate 90 percent confidence  interval
can  be  constructed by adding and subtracting  1.645  times  the
standard error from the estimate.
 The  standard  error of the estimated total  GGS  employment  is
approximately 34,000. The standard error of over the year  change
in total GGS employment is about 36,000.
 The  standard  error of the estimated rate of GGS employment  is
approximately 0.03 percent. The standard error of over  the  year
change in rate of GGS employment is about 0.03 percent.
 Nonsampling error arises from various sources, such as
establishments failing to respond or misreporting data, coding
and data processing errors, and population coverage. Since GGS
only samples establishments in 325 industries predetermined to
potentially have GGS employment, any green goods and services
produced or provided in other industries is not captured. GGS is
also subject to errors in the sampling frame, in which some
establishments’ industry codes may be misclassified.

 Specialized  Procedures. GGS sampling methodology is coordinated
with  the  Occupational  Employment Statistics  survey.  Sampling
overlap  between  the  two  surveys is maximized  for  additional
inference  to  be  made  about  green  staffing  patterns.   Such
inferences are not included as part of this GGS release.

Methodological changes
 NAICS  2012 Conversion. The original survey estimates  for  2010
were  based  on the 2007 NAICS classification. In that  reference
period,  data were collected for industries defined  in  the  GGS
scope  according to their NAICS classification at that time.  The
2011 survey estimates are based on the 2012 NAICS classification,
which  impacted  the  scope  of the  GGS  survey.  Some  private-
ownership manufacturing industries that were not included in  the
2010  GGS scope combined with in-scope industries. Thus, for 2011
estimates,  some establishments that were previously out-of-scope
are included in the survey.  Revised 2010 estimates are based  on
the 2012 NAICS classification.
 
 Imputation.   Establishments that are  sampled  in  both  survey
years but only report usable data for one year are imputed. Three
methods are used to impute missing green percent values: hot deck
imputation; overlays; and mean imputation.

 Benchmarking.    Benchmarking   procedures   were   revised   to
incorporate ownership for both survey years.

 For  more  information. For more detailed information  on  these
methodological changes, please visit the Technical  Note  section
of the GGS web page at www.bls.gov\ggs.
 
Other information
 Information  in this release will be made available  to  sensory
impaired  individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)  691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by industry sector, annual averages
Industry NAICS(1) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment change from:
2010 - 2011
2010 2011 2010 2011

Total, all industries

  3,243,533 3,401,279 2.5 2.6 157,746

Total private

  2,342,562 2,515,200 2.2 2.3 172,638

Natural resources and mining

11,21

63,344 64,689 3.5 3.4 1,345

Utilities

22

69,031 71,129 12.5 12.9 2,098

Construction

23

385,777 487,709 7.0 8.9 101,932

Manufacturing

31-33

492,985 507,168 4.3 4.3 14,183

Trade

42,44-45

205,567 223,079 1.0 1.1 17,512

Transportation and warehousing

48-49

242,137 238,755 6.1 5.9 -3,382

Information

51

33,321 29,412 1.2 1.1 -3,909

Financial activities

52,53

462 475 0.0 0.0 13

Professional, scientific, and technical services

54

355,386 381,981 4.8 5.0 26,595

Management of companies and enterprises

55

62,630 69,310 3.4 3.6 6,680

Administrative and waste services

56

330,650 335,417 4.5 4.3 4,767

Education and health services

61,62

28,789 26,123 0.2 0.1 -2,666

Leisure and hospitality

71,72

20,642 23,696 0.2 0.2 3,054

Other services, except public administration

81

51,841 56,257 1.2 1.3 4,416

Federal government

  208,744 213,340 7.0 7.5 4,596

State government

  256,224 248,539 5.6 5.5 -7,685

Local government

  436,002 424,201 3.1 3.1 -11,801

Footnotes
(1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012.
(2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services.
(3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.

NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.


Table 2. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by industry sector in government, annual averages
Industry NAICS(1) Federal government State government Local government
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3)

Total, all industries

  208,744 7.0 213,340 7.5 256,224 5.6 248,539 5.5 436,002 3.1 424,201 3.1

Natural resources and mining

11,21

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 1,642 72.8 1,725 79.2 (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)-

Utilities

22

7,931 58.7 7,218 52.0 (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 98,990 40.8 93,644 38.9

Construction

23

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 1,242 1.2

Manufacturing

31-33

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)-

Trade

42,44-45

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)-

Transportation and warehousing

48-49

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 27,270 51.3 27,583 52.3 210,614 78.3 209,063 77.9

Information

51

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 516 7.4 4,099 3.2 3,644 2.8

Financial activities

52,53

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)-

Professional, scientific, and technical services

54

38,445 54.1 39,714 55.1 1,760 9.0 (4)- (4)- 968 5.2 1,131 6.1

Administrative and waste services

56

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 33,345 46.7 32,577 46.4

Education and health services

61,62

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 43,201 1.7 42,423 1.7 9,463 0.1 10,020 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

71,72

21,848 36.4 21,489 36.5 9,450 38.8 9,024 38.8 21,499 5.5 20,596 5.3

Other services, except public administration

81

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- 228 7.3 3,011 6.6 2,873 6.5

Public administration

92

134,903 8.0 139,884 8.8 171,244 9.2 164,952 9.0 52,886 1.3 49,229 1.3

Footnotes
(1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012.
(2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services.
(3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.
(4) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards.

NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.


Table 3. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment by detailed industry, annual averages
Industry NAICS(1) GGS employment(2) GGS percent(3) GGS employment change from:
2010 - 2011
2010 2011 2010 2011

Total private

  2,342,562 2,515,200 2.2 2.3 172,638

Natural resources and mining

11,21

63,344 64,689 3.5 3.4 1,345

Crop production

111

36,703 36,796 6.9 6.9 93

Oilseed and grain farming

1111

3,934 4,775 9.3 10.6 841

Vegetable and melon farming

1112

10,045 10,701 10.7 11.3 656

Fruit and tree nut farming

1113

12,954 11,669 7.1 6.3 -1,285

Greenhouse and nursery production

1114

5,627 5,631 3.9 3.9 4

Other crop farming

1119

4,143 4,020 6.5 6.5 -123

Animal production and aquaculture

112

6,626 6,196 2.9 2.7 -430

Cattle ranching and farming

1121

3,800 3,421 2.9 2.5 -379

Hog and pig farming

1122

536 (4)- 1.9 (4)- -

Poultry and egg production

1123

1,787 1,798 4.6 4.6 11

Sheep and goat farming

1124

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Aquaculture

1125

382 426 6.5 7.5 44

Other animal production

1129

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Forestry and logging

113

9,432 10,564 16.8 19.0 1,132

Timber tract operations

1131

1,061 1,292 29.7 35.6 231

Forest nursery and gathering forest products

1132

528 434 17.9 14.1 -94

Logging

1133

7,844 8,837 15.8 18.1 993

Agriculture and forestry support activities

115

10,583 11,133 3.2 3.3 550

Support activities for crop production

1151

5,395 5,761 1.9 2.0 366

Support activities for animal production

1152

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Support activities for forestry

1153

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Utilities

22

69,031 71,129 12.5 12.9 2,098

Utilities

221

69,031 71,129 12.5 12.9 2,098

Power generation and supply

2211

49,973 53,787 12.6 13.6 3,814

Electric power generation

22111

49,973 53,787 29.5 32.4 3,814

Hydroelectric power generation

221111

5,124 3,780 72.7 64.8 -1,344

Nuclear electric power generation

221113

39,818 44,054 75.7 83.6 4,236

Solar electric power generation

221114

(5)- 522 (5)- 97.9 -

Wind electric power generation

221115

(5)- 2,724 (5)- 91.7 -

Geothermal electric power generation

221116

(5)- 1,017 (5)- 96.9 -

Biomass electric power generation

221117

(5)- 1,166 (5)- 92.3 -

Other electric power generation

221118

(5)- 525 (5)- 65.8 -

Water, sewage and other systems

2213

19,058 17,342 40.8 37.0 -1,716

Water supply and irrigation systems

22131

11,995 10,248 32.0 27.2 -1,747

Sewage treatment facilities

22132

6,439 6,448 87.7 88.1 9

Steam and air-conditioning supply

22133

624 646 32.2 34.6 22

Construction

23

385,777 487,709 7.0 8.9 101,932

Construction of buildings

236

78,113 117,263 6.4 9.7 39,150

Residential building construction

2361

31,498 57,016 5.5 10.1 25,518

Nonresidential building construction

2362

46,615 60,247 7.2 9.3 13,632

Heavy and civil engineering construction

237

44,560 49,613 5.5 6.0 5,053

Utility system construction

2371

34,642 39,330 9.1 9.9 4,688

Land subdivision

2372

1,889 1,664 3.7 3.7 -225

Other heavy construction

2379

8,028 8,618 8.5 9.1 590

Specialty trade contractors

238

263,105 320,833 7.6 9.3 57,728

Building foundation and exterior contractors

2381

39,585 51,190 5.9 7.7 11,605

Building equipment contractors

2382

164,809 194,476 10.1 11.9 29,667

Building finishing contractors

2383

38,185 49,119 6.0 7.9 10,934

Other specialty trade contractors

2389

20,526 26,049 4.0 5.0 5,523

Manufacturing

31-33

492,985 507,168 4.3 4.3 14,183

Textile product mills

314

10,484 10,131 8.8 8.6 -353

Textile furnishings mills

3141

(6)9,461 9,271 (6)16.5 17.0 (6)-190

Other textile product mills

3149

1,023 859 1.7 1.4 -164

Wood product mfg.

321

33,838 33,052 10.0 9.8 -786

Sawmills and wood preservation

3211

498 323 0.6 0.4 -175

Plywood and engineered wood product mfg.

3212

6,545 6,840 10.4 11.2 295

Plywood and engineered wood product mfg.

32121

6,545 6,840 10.4 11.2 295

Hardwood veneer and plywood mfg.

321211

1,516 1,992 10.3 13.2 476

Softwood veneer and plywood mfg.

321212

(4)- 658 (4)- 4.9 -

Engineered wood member mfg.

321213

(4)- 345 (4)- 8.6 -

Truss mfg.

321214

997 1,158 5.5 6.8 161

Reconstituted wood product mfg.

321219

2,929 2,687 23.8 22.8 -242

Other wood product mfg.

3219

26,795 25,888 13.8 13.5 -907

Millwork

32191

20,839 21,970 22.7 24.9 1,131

Wood window and door mfg.

321911

18,055 19,041 40.1 44.8 986

Other millwork, including flooring

321918

2,783 2,928 7.9 8.6 145

All other wood product mfg.

32199

5,956 3,919 11.6 7.7 -2,037

Manufactured home, mobile home, mfg.

321991

3,803 2,114 19.9 11.7 -1,689

Prefabricated wood building mfg.

321992

2,154 1,805 16.1 14.2 -349

Paper mfg.

322

33,853 32,032 8.6 8.3 -1,821

Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills

3221

33,853 32,032 30.3 29.3 -1,821

Pulp mills

32211

1,208 1,078 20.3 18.0 -130

Paper mills

32212

19,669 18,167 25.9 24.5 -1,502

Paper, except newsprint, mills

322121

17,052 15,552 25.0 23.3 -1,500

Newsprint mills

322122

2,617 2,615 33.6 34.8 -2

Paperboard mills

32213

12,976 12,787 43.6 43.7 -189

Petroleum and coal products mfg.

324

3,244 3,278 2.9 3.0 34

Petroleum and coal products mfg.

3241

3,244 3,278 2.9 3.0 34

Chemical mfg.

325

23,124 24,733 2.9 3.2 1,609

Basic chemical mfg.

3251

10,600 10,842 7.5 7.6 242

Agricultural chemical mfg.

3253

639 518 1.8 1.4 -121

Paint, coating, and adhesive mfg.

3255

3,674 4,131 6.6 7.2 457

Paint and coating mfg.

32551

2,731 3,078 7.5 8.2 347

Adhesive mfg.

32552

943 1,053 4.9 5.3 110

Soap, cleaning compound, and toiletry mfg.

3256

2,228 2,601 2.2 2.6 373

Soap and cleaning compound mfg.

32561

2,228 2,601 4.3 5.0 373

Soap and other detergent mfg.

325611

674 806 2.8 3.4 132

Polish and other sanitation good mfg.

325612

1,553 1,795 6.8 7.7 242

Other chemical product and preparation mfg.

3259

5,983 6,641 7.1 7.8 658

Printing ink mfg.

32591

1,357 1,400 14.3 14.9 43

All other chemical preparation mfg.

32599

4,626 5,241 6.8 7.7 615

Custom compounding of purchased resins

325991

1,597 1,968 10.5 12.7 371

Other miscellaneous chemical product mfg.

325998

3,029 3,273 8.9 9.3 244

Plastics and rubber products mfg.

326

32,407 33,421 5.2 5.3 1,014

Plastics product mfg.

3261

27,768 28,660 5.5 5.7 892

Other plastics product mfg.

32619

27,768 28,660 10.2 10.5 892

Plastics plumbing fixture mfg.

326191

409 801 3.3 6.7 392

All other plastics product mfg.

326199

(6)27,359 27,860 (6)10.6 10.6 (6)501

Rubber product mfg.

3262

4,639 4,760 3.8 3.8 121

Tire mfg.

32621

3,008 3,221 5.8 6.0 213

Tire retreading

326212

3,008 3,221 45.4 46.4 213

Other rubber product mfg.

32629

1,631 1,539 3.4 3.0 -92

All other rubber product mfg.

326299

1,631 1,539 7.0 6.2 -92

Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.

327

29,710 29,885 8.1 8.2 175

Clay product and refractory mfg.

3271

(6)4,878 4,706 (6)12.1 11.6 (6)-172

Glass and glass product mfg.

3272

7,991 9,079 10.1 11.4 1,088

Cement and concrete product mfg.

3273

9,963 9,495 5.9 5.8 -468

Lime and gypsum product mfg.

3274

2,397 2,433 17.8 18.3 36

Other nonmetallic mineral products

3279

4,481 4,172 6.9 6.3 -309

All other nonmetallic mineral products mfg.

32799

4,481 4,172 8.0 7.4 -309

Mineral wool mfg.

327993

3,597 3,311 22.3 20.8 -286

Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products

327999

884 861 8.1 7.8 -23

Primary metal mfg.

331

64,859 63,292 18.0 16.3 -1,567

Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy mfg.

3311

(6)37,831 33,812 (6)44.1 36.9 (6)-4,019

Alumina and aluminum production

3313

(6)8,316 8,200 (6)15.4 14.4 (6)-116

Other nonferrous metal production

3314

(6)9,788 10,493 (6)16.9 17.2 (6)705

Foundries

3315

8,925 10,787 8.0 8.9 1,862

Fabricated metal product mfg.

332

31,476 30,310 2.5 2.3 -1,166

Forging and stamping

3321

1,565 1,527 1.8 1.6 -38

Architectural and structural metals mfg.

3323

21,720 21,792 6.8 6.6 72

Plate work and fabricated structural products

33231

9,508 9,124 6.5 6.0 -384

Fabricated structural metal mfg.

332312

9,508 9,124 12.4 11.5 -384

Ornamental and architectural metal products

33232

12,213 12,668 7.1 7.2 455

Metal window and door mfg.

332321

12,213 12,668 24.1 25.5 455

Other fabricated metal product mfg.

3329

8,190 6,991 3.3 2.8 -1,199

Metal valve mfg.

33291

7,201 6,273 9.0 7.6 -928

Industrial valve mfg.

332911

3,597 3,579 15.5 14.8 -18

Plumbing fixture fitting and trim mfg.

332913

1,716 1,608 17.8 17.2 -108

Other metal valve and pipe fitting mfg.

332919

1,888 1,085 11.6 6.9 -803

All other fabricated metal product mfg.

33299

989 718 0.6 0.4 -271

Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting mfg.

332996

989 718 3.6 2.4 -271

Machinery mfg.

333

67,057 69,097 6.8 6.6 2,040

Ag., construction, and mining machinery mfg.

3331

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Commercial and service industry machinery

3333

(6)10,618 10,577 (6)11.5 11.5 (6)-41

HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment

3334

41,412 42,242 32.9 32.7 830

HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment

33341

41,412 42,242 32.9 32.7 830

Fan, blower, air purification equipment mfg.

333413

8,502 9,000 32.5 32.9 498

Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces

333414

5,550 5,736 34.8 33.3 186

AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating

333415

27,360 27,507 32.7 32.5 147

Metalworking machinery mfg.

3335

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Turbine and power transmission equipment mfg.

3336

14,328 15,540 15.7 15.7 1,212

Turbine and power transmission equipment mfg.

33361

14,328 15,540 15.7 15.7 1,212

Turbine and turbine generator set units mfg.

333611

13,400 14,439 50.3 49.7 1,039

Engine and power transmission equipment mfg., excl. turbine mfg.

333612,3

928 1,100 3.8 4.1 172

Computer and electronic product mfg.

334

65,759 74,105 6.0 6.7 8,346

Computer and peripheral equipment mfg.

3341

23,706 24,723 14.9 15.7 1,017

Communications equipment mfg.

3342

2,827 2,688 2.4 2.3 -139

Audio and video equipment mfg.

3343

628 770 3.1 3.9 142

Semiconductor and electronic component mfg.

3344

22,491 27,454 6.1 7.2 4,963

Electronic instrument mfg.

3345

16,107 18,470 4.0 4.6 2,363

Electronic instrument mfg.

33451

16,107 18,470 4.0 4.6 2,363

Automatic environmental control mfg.

334512

2,310 2,515 12.7 14.0 205

Industrial process variable instruments

334513

4,584 5,528 8.2 9.5 944

Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices

334514

2,488 3,302 23.0 30.0 814

Electricity and signal testing instruments

334515

2,736 3,015 6.8 7.2 279

Analytical laboratory instrument mfg.

334516

1,813 1,764 5.9 5.6 -49

Other measuring and controlling device mfg.

334519

(6)2,176 2,346 (6)6.6 7.1 (6)170

Electrical equipment and appliance mfg.

335

41,865 45,998 11.8 12.6 4,133

Electric lighting equipment mfg.

3351

11,214 13,030 24.8 28.9 1,816

Electric lamp bulb and part mfg.

33511

3,844 4,058 42.4 45.5 214

Lighting fixture mfg.

33512

7,371 8,971 20.4 24.7 1,600

Residential electric lighting fixture mfg.

335121

885 956 10.8 11.9 71

Nonresidential electric lighting fixture mfg.

335122

4,618 5,726 24.2 29.7 1,108

Other lighting equipment mfg.

335129

1,868 2,289 21.0 25.8 421

Household appliance mfg.

3352

13,879 14,859 23.7 26.4 980

Small electrical appliance mfg.

33521

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Major appliance mfg.

33522

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Household cooking appliance mfg.

335221

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg.

335222

(4)- 3,443 (4)- 25.8 -

Household laundry equipment mfg.

335224

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Other major household appliance mfg.

335228

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Electrical equipment mfg.

3353

8,036 9,222 6.0 6.7 1,186

Electrical equipment mfg.

33531

8,036 9,222 6.0 6.7 1,186

Electric power and specialty transformer mfg.

335311

3,979 4,328 16.6 18.0 349

Motor and generator mfg.

335312

4,057 4,894 10.5 12.3 837

Other electrical equipment and component mfg.

3359

8,736 8,887 7.4 7.1 151

Battery mfg.

33591

4,590 4,642 19.1 17.7 52

Storage battery mfg.

335911

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Primary battery mfg.

335912

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Other electrical equipment and component mfg.

33599

4,147 4,245 12.5 12.0 98

Miscellaneous electrical equipment mfg.

335999

4,147 4,245 15.7 15.2 98

Transportation equipment mfg.

336

43,243 45,367 3.3 3.3 2,124

Motor vehicle mfg.

3361

12,740 11,888 8.3 7.4 -852

Motor vehicle parts mfg.

3363

(6)22,615 25,490 (6)5.4 5.7 (6)2,875

Railroad rolling stock mfg.

3365

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Ship and boat building

3366

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Furniture and related product mfg.

337

12,066 12,469 3.4 3.6 403

Office furniture and fixtures mfg.

3372

9,585 9,779 10.0 10.0 194

Other furniture related product mfg.

3379

2,481 2,690 6.8 7.6 209

Trade

42,44-45

205,567 223,079 1.0 1.1 17,512

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

423

94,916 104,913 3.5 3.8 9,997

Misc. durable goods merchant wholesalers

4239

94,916 104,913 34.4 36.1 9,997

Miscellaneous store retailers

453

110,651 118,166 14.3 15.2 7,515

Used merchandise stores

4533

110,651 118,166 88.2 88.7 7,515

Transportation and warehousing

48-49

242,137 238,755 6.1 5.9 -3,382

Water transportation

483

2,393 2,180 3.8 3.4 -213

Sea, coastal, and Great Lakes transportation

4831

1,751 1,586 4.7 4.1 -165

Inland water transportation

4832

642 595 2.6 2.4 -47

Transit and ground passenger transportation

485

239,744 236,574 57.2 55.0 -3,170

Urban transit systems

4851

34,935 34,956 84.7 84.5 21

Interurban and rural bus transportation

4852

11,528 11,494 62.7 62.5 -34

School and employee bus transportation

4854

167,924 166,916 91.9 90.9 -1,008

Charter bus industry

4855

17,326 15,194 58.4 50.2 -2,132

Other ground passenger transportation

4859

8,030 8,014 10.1 9.5 -16

Information

51

33,321 29,412 1.2 1.1 -3,909

Publishing industries, except Internet

511

22,355 21,160 3.0 2.8 -1,195

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

5111

12,118 11,025 2.4 2.3 -1,093

Software publishers

5112

10,237 10,135 4.0 3.8 -102

Motion picture and sound recording industries

512

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Motion picture and video industries

5121

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Broadcasting, except Internet

515

7,525 5,352 2.6 1.9 -2,173

Radio and television broadcasting

5151

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Cable and other subscription programming

5152

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Other information services

519

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Other information services

5191

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Financial activities

52,53

462 475 0.0 0.0 13

Securities, commodity contracts, investments

523

462 475 0.1 0.1 13

Professional and Technical Services

54

355,386 381,981 4.8 5.0 26,595

Professional and technical services

541

355,386 381,981 4.8 5.0 26,595

Legal services

5411

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Architectural and engineering services

5413

184,628 192,393 14.4 14.9 7,765

Engineering services

54133

113,031 122,619 13.0 14.0 9,588

Architectural and related services excl. engineering services

54131,2,5,6,7,8

71,597 69,774 17.7 17.0 -1,823

Specialized design services

5414

3,088 3,077 2.7 2.7 -11

Computer systems design and related services

5415

54,792 67,348 3.8 4.4 12,556

Management and technical consulting services

5416

68,476 72,121 6.8 6.7 3,645

Scientific research and development services

5417

36,949 39,590 6.0 6.3 2,641

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

54171

36,949 39,590 6.6 6.9 2,641

Physical, engineering and biological research

541711

3,680 3,884 2.7 2.8 204

Other physical and biological research

541712

33,268 35,706 7.8 8.2 2,438

Advertising, PR, and related services

5418

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Other professional and technical services

5419

(4)- (4)- (4)- (4)- -

Management of companies and enterprises

55

62,630 69,310 3.4 3.6 6,680

Management of companies and enterprises

551

62,630 69,310 3.4 3.6 6,680

Management of companies and enterprises

5511

62,630 69,310 3.4 3.6 6,680

Administrative and waste services

56

330,650 335,417 4.5 4.3 4,767

Administrative and support services

561

24,963 20,440 0.4 0.3 -4,523

Travel arrangement and reservation services

5615

405 537 0.2 0.3 132

Services to buildings and dwellings

5617

24,557 19,903 1.4 1.1 -4,654

Waste management and remediation services

562

305,688 314,977 85.9 86.6 9,289

Waste collection

5621

124,712 131,048 89.8 90.1 6,336

Waste treatment and disposal

5622

89,090 87,951 93.2 93.1 -1,139

Waste treatment and disposal

56221

89,090 87,951 93.2 93.1 -1,139

Hazardous waste treatment and disposal

562211

35,287 34,211 94.6 93.4 -1,076

Solid waste landfill

562212

35,485 35,039 94.0 93.2 -446

Solid waste combustors and incinerators

562213

5,854 5,555 95.2 96.8 -299

Other nonhazardous waste disposal

562219

12,465 13,146 86.7 90.6 681

Remediation and other waste services

5629

91,886 95,979 75.6 77.6 4,093

Remediation services

56291

57,474 58,251 75.5 75.9 777

Materials recovery facilities

56292

11,219 12,474 90.6 93.0 1,255

All other waste management services

56299

23,193 25,254 70.3 75.3 2,061

Septic tank and related services

562991

14,395 15,994 73.6 81.0 1,599

Miscellaneous waste management services

562998

8,798 9,260 65.5 67.2 462

Education and health services

61,62

28,789 26,123 0.2 0.1 -2,666

Educational services

611

28,789 26,123 1.2 1.0 -2,666

Leisure and hospitality

71,72

20,642 23,696 0.2 0.2 3,054

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks

712

20,642 23,696 16.2 18.1 3,054

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks

7121

20,642 23,696 16.2 18.1 3,054

Other services, except public administration

81

51,841 56,257 1.2 1.3 4,416

Repair and maintenance

811

21,134 22,100 1.9 1.9 966

Automotive repair and maintenance

8111

7,757 6,652 1.0 0.8 -1,105

Electronic equipment repair and maintenance

8112

5,247 4,857 5.4 4.9 -390

Commercial machinery repair and maintenance

8113

5,319 7,200 3.1 3.9 1,881

Household goods repair and maintenance

8114

2,811 3,391 4.2 5.0 580

Membership associations and organizations

813

30,707 34,157 2.3 2.6 3,450

Grantmaking and giving services

8132

2,817 3,662 2.3 2.9 845

Social advocacy organizations

8133

20,277 20,800 10.6 10.7 523

Professional and similar organizations

8139

7,613 9,695 1.8 2.3 2,082

Footnotes
(1) North American Industry Classification System, 2012.
(2) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. This table reflects private ownership only.
(3) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.
(4) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards.
(5) Estimate cannot be created due to the conversion from NAICS 2007 to NAICS 2012.
(6) The 2012 NAICS conversion changed the GGS scope for this industry. BLS utilized backcasting to make the 2010 and 2011 estimates comparable. See the extended technical note for more detail.

NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.


Table 4. Green Goods and Services (GGS) employment by state, annual averages
State Total, all ownerships Private ownership
2010 2011 GGS employment change from:
2010 - 2011
2010 2011 GGS employment change from:
2010 - 2011
GGS employment(1) GGS percent(2) GGS employment(1) GGS percent(2) GGS employment(1) GGS percent(2) GGS employment(1) GGS percent(2)

United States

3,243,533 2.5 3,401,279 2.6 157,746 2,342,562 2.2 2,515,200 2.3 172,638

Alabama

51,372 2.8 54,077 3.0 2,705 36,215 2.5 39,703 2.7 3,488

Alaska

11,999 3.8 12,119 3.8 120 5,591 2.4 5,893 2.4 302

Arizona

43,161 1.8 48,851 2.1 5,690 33,181 1.7 39,535 2.0 6,354

Arkansas

32,311 2.8 33,420 2.9 1,109 24,509 2.6 26,351 2.8 1,842

California

342,879 2.4 360,245 2.5 17,366 239,416 2.0 268,486 2.2 29,070

Colorado

72,657 3.3 72,629 3.3 -28 53,895 3.0 52,859 2.9 -1,036

Connecticut

41,385 2.6 43,722 2.7 2,337 34,397 2.5 36,577 2.7 2,180

Delaware

8,973 2.2 9,872 2.4 899 6,440 1.9 7,331 2.1 891

District of Columbia

33,742 4.9 35,799 5.1 2,057 10,570 2.4 11,115 2.4 545

Florida

108,948 1.5 117,433 1.6 8,485 93,160 1.5 98,249 1.6 5,089

Georgia

79,680 2.1 84,356 2.2 4,676 58,987 1.9 64,205 2.0 5,218

Hawaii

15,528 2.6 17,596 3.0 2,068 9,483 2.0 11,425 2.4 1,942

Idaho

23,676 3.9 24,250 4.0 574 14,515 2.9 15,138 3.0 623

Illinois

134,153 2.4 136,447 2.5 2,294 103,244 2.2 105,751 2.2 2,507

Indiana

68,108 2.5 70,156 2.5 2,048 58,720 2.5 61,159 2.6 2,439

Iowa

40,540 2.8 43,791 3.0 3,251 32,946 2.7 35,879 2.9 2,933

Kansas

26,339 2.0 25,632 2.0 -707 19,126 1.8 19,097 1.8 -29

Kentucky

40,726 2.4 43,027 2.5 2,301 27,729 2.0 28,770 2.0 1,041

Louisiana

43,808 2.4 44,373 2.4 565 32,970 2.2 33,328 2.2 358

Maine

15,352 2.7 16,951 2.9 1,599 11,166 2.3 12,680 2.6 1,514

Maryland

77,346 3.2 91,489 3.7 14,143 50,880 2.6 63,638 3.2 12,758

Massachusetts

84,198 2.7 88,924 2.8 4,726 70,720 2.6 75,071 2.7 4,351

Michigan

85,228 2.3 82,644 2.1 -2,584 71,473 2.2 69,116 2.1 -2,357

Minnesota

78,709 3.1 75,302 2.9 -3,407 62,545 2.9 60,509 2.7 -2,036

Mississippi

21,167 2.0 21,933 2.0 766 14,780 1.8 16,114 1.9 1,334

Missouri

65,271 2.5 68,534 2.7 3,263 42,093 2.0 46,625 2.2 4,532

Montana

14,596 3.5 14,306 3.4 -290 8,709 2.6 8,211 2.4 -498

Nebraska

20,896 2.3 22,392 2.5 1,496 14,640 2.0 16,491 2.2 1,851

Nevada

21,360 1.9 21,861 2.0 501 13,676 1.4 15,569 1.6 1,893

New Hampshire

14,011 2.3 16,244 2.7 2,233 12,309 2.4 14,471 2.8 2,162

New Jersey

73,411 2.0 81,018 2.2 7,607 53,449 1.7 61,160 1.9 7,711

New Mexico

22,884 2.9 24,337 3.1 1,453 14,208 2.4 15,481 2.6 1,273

New York

255,315 3.1 266,308 3.2 10,993 141,307 2.0 156,397 2.2 15,090

North Carolina

101,415 2.7 108,094 2.8 6,679 77,036 2.5 83,017 2.6 5,981

North Dakota

8,783 2.4 9,481 2.5 698 5,972 2.1 6,891 2.2 919

Ohio

129,063 2.6 137,143 2.8 8,080 95,718 2.3 103,917 2.4 8,199

Oklahoma

25,893 1.7 29,035 1.9 3,142 16,800 1.4 20,343 1.7 3,543

Oregon

60,878 3.8 68,709 4.3 7,831 40,254 3.1 49,249 3.7 8,995

Pennsylvania

160,494 2.9 167,397 3.0 6,903 129,372 2.7 136,557 2.8 7,185

Rhode Island

12,420 2.8 12,327 2.7 -93 9,557 2.5 9,401 2.4 -156

South Carolina

43,592 2.5 44,210 2.5 618 32,591 2.3 33,002 2.3 411

South Dakota

10,078 2.6 10,578 2.7 500 6,325 2.0 6,865 2.1 540

Tennessee

68,145 2.7 71,111 2.7 2,966 50,132 2.3 53,979 2.5 3,847

Texas

233,304 2.3 227,532 2.2 -5,772 179,744 2.1 177,155 2.1 -2,589

Utah

27,544 2.4 27,864 2.4 320 17,844 1.9 17,098 1.8 -746

Vermont

11,483 3.9 12,159 4.1 676 9,080 3.8 9,571 3.9 491

Virginia

96,490 2.7 107,773 3.0 11,283 65,142 2.3 74,990 2.6 9,848

Washington

95,769 3.4 101,593 3.6 5,824 64,985 2.8 69,332 3.0 4,347

West Virginia

14,626 2.1 16,221 2.3 1,595 7,931 1.4 9,013 1.6 1,082

Wisconsin

63,754 2.4 69,647 2.6 5,893 52,328 2.3 57,318 2.5 4,990

Wyoming

10,071 3.7 10,369 3.8 298 4,700 2.3 5,117 2.4 417

Footnotes
(1) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services.
(2) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment by the total employment.

NOTE: GGS data for 2010 have been revised to incorporate methodological changes explained in the Technical Note. Please also note data may not add to total due to rounding.


Table 5. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment percent by state and industry sector, 2011 annual averages(1)
State Total private Natural resources and mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Trade Transportation and warehousing Information Financial activities Professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services, except public administration

United States

2.3 3.4 12.9 8.9 4.3 1.1 5.9 1.1 0.0 5.0 3.6 4.3 0.1 0.2 1.3

Alabama

2.7 6.2 (2)- 6.2 5.7 1.8 2.9 (2)- (2)- 3.4 (2)- 5.5 (2)- 0.1 (2)-

Alaska

2.4 (2)- 11.3 8.1 (2)- 0.9 5.5 (2)- (2)- 7.6 (2)- 12.0 (2)- (2)- 3.7

Arizona

2.0 5.5 3.0 10.4 1.7 1.5 5.2 (2)- (2)- 5.0 (2)- 2.8 (2)- 0.3 1.5

Arkansas

2.8 5.2 20.3 9.4 6.9 1.1 (2)- (2)- (2)- 4.6 (2)- 6.2 (2)- (2)- (2)-

California

2.2 4.1 13.6 9.7 2.9 1.1 3.5 (2)- (2)- 4.1 (2)- 5.7 (2)- 0.3 1.3

Colorado

2.9 (2)- 7.0 8.0 5.1 1.6 3.9 4.5 (2)- 8.7 (2)- 6.3 (2)- 0.3 1.6

Connecticut

2.7 (2)- 26.2 10.3 3.2 0.8 20.5 (2)- (2)- 7.4 (2)- 6.8 (2)- 0.3 (2)-

Delaware

2.1 (2)- (2)- 10.2 4.4 (2)- 14.9 (2)- (2)- 3.9 (2)- 4.0 (2)- (2)- 1.7

District of Columbia

2.4 (3)- (2)- 10.5 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 5.8 (2)- 1.0 (2)- (2)- 2.9

Florida

1.6 3.5 9.9 8.2 3.1 0.7 3.0 (2)- (2)- 3.0 (2)- 3.3 (2)- 0.1 1.4

Georgia

2.0 6.4 13.3 8.1 5.0 1.1 1.4 (2)- (2)- 3.8 (2)- 2.6 (2)- 0.3 3.3

Hawaii

2.4 (2)- 6.8 13.2 (2)- 1.2 9.1 (2)- (2)- 7.7 (2)- 3.4 (2)- 0.2 0.9

Idaho

3.0 4.8 16.4 11.2 3.3 1.0 7.8 (2)- (2)- 6.2 (2)- 5.7 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Illinois

2.2 2.4 (2)- 9.4 3.0 1.0 8.0 2.3 (2)- 3.8 (2)- 4.1 (2)- (2)- 0.9

Indiana

2.6 5.8 6.0 10.0 4.6 1.9 1.9 2.3 (2)- 5.5 (2)- 3.8 (2)- (2)- 1.3

Iowa

2.9 3.9 16.5 11.8 8.5 1.2 2.6 (2)- (2)- 2.9 6.6 3.2 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Kansas

1.8 1.8 (2)- 6.0 2.5 1.0 6.6 (2)- (2)- 4.0 (2)- 3.4 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Kentucky

2.0 (2)- 3.2 8.8 4.5 1.5 0.7 (2)- (2)- 3.9 (2)- 4.9 (2)- 0.1 (2)-

Louisiana

2.2 2.1 24.1 4.4 2.9 0.9 3.1 (2)- (2)- 4.5 (2)- 8.7 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Maine

2.6 11.0 37.7 9.9 3.4 1.1 6.5 (2)- (2)- 10.0 (2)- 7.3 (2)- 0.1 2.1

Maryland

3.2 (2)- (2)- 13.4 6.3 1.2 9.0 (2)- (2)- 6.8 (2)- 5.3 (2)- (2)- 1.1

Massachusetts

2.7 (2)- 9.2 7.7 3.7 0.7 15.9 4.4 (2)- 5.7 (2)- 5.5 1.2 0.2 1.8

Michigan

2.1 5.9 8.2 10.0 4.1 1.1 3.2 2.5 (2)- 3.3 4.0 3.7 (2)- (2)- 1.1

Minnesota

2.7 5.1 5.7 10.1 5.8 1.1 12.6 (2)- (2)- 6.7 (2)- 4.3 (2)- (2)- 1.2

Mississippi

1.9 7.7 16.6 5.9 1.7 0.9 2.1 (2)- (2)- 5.8 (2)- 5.3 (2)- (2)- 1.6

Missouri

2.2 3.7 4.8 7.6 3.9 1.4 6.7 (2)- (2)- 5.7 (2)- 4.5 (2)- (2)- 0.9

Montana

2.4 2.2 (2)- 6.0 4.0 1.0 8.4 (2)- (2)- 11.0 (2)- 6.6 (2)- (2)- 2.5

Nebraska

2.2 3.3 (2)- 10.1 4.3 0.9 3.1 (2)- (2)- 4.2 (2)- 4.3 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Nevada

1.6 (2)- 8.8 9.4 3.1 1.3 4.9 (2)- (2)- 3.6 (2)- 3.0 (2)- (2)- 1.3

New Hampshire

2.8 (2)- 42.6 8.4 5.0 0.9 19.6 (2)- (2)- 6.6 (2)- 5.1 (2)- (2)- 2.3

New Jersey

1.9 (2)- 15.5 8.1 2.5 0.8 12.0 (2)- (2)- 3.4 (2)- 3.1 (2)- 0.1 (2)-

New Mexico

2.6 (2)- 3.1 11.8 3.4 1.0 11.3 (2)- (2)- 6.4 (2)- 3.6 (2)- 0.1 3.5

New York

2.2 4.9 9.4 10.0 4.8 0.7 17.7 (2)- (2)- 3.8 (2)- 4.3 (2)- 0.3 0.8

North Carolina

2.6 3.2 19.8 9.9 6.4 1.2 2.2 (2)- (2)- 4.7 10.6 2.4 (2)- (2)- 0.8

North Dakota

2.2 1.2 4.2 6.0 10.7 0.9 3.0 (2)- (2)- 4.7 (2)- 5.5 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Ohio

2.4 (2)- 11.6 13.0 4.5 1.5 2.6 (2)- (2)- 5.4 (2)- 4.5 (2)- 0.2 (2)-

Oklahoma

1.7 (2)- 2.5 8.8 5.7 1.2 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 2.2 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Oregon

3.7 7.4 9.1 9.0 9.3 1.5 5.7 (2)- (2)- 6.9 12.3 6.1 (2)- 0.2 3.1

Pennsylvania

2.8 1.8 20.7 6.1 6.3 1.0 11.9 (2)- (2)- 5.6 7.5 5.7 (2)- 0.3 1.2

Rhode Island

2.4 (2)- (2)- 6.3 5.1 1.3 18.1 (2)- (2)- 8.3 (2)- 6.4 (2)- (2)- (2)-

South Carolina

2.3 7.6 32.1 8.3 4.1 1.0 2.1 (2)- (2)- 4.5 (2)- 3.6 (2)- 0.1 1.0

South Dakota

2.1 6.8 5.9 7.8 4.5 1.1 7.1 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 6.3 (2)- (2)- 2.2

Tennessee

2.5 4.2 6.0 6.5 7.4 1.4 2.8 (2)- (2)- 5.9 (2)- 3.5 (2)- 0.2 0.9

Texas

2.1 0.8 10.2 8.2 3.3 1.1 2.6 2.1 (2)- 5.7 (2)- 3.2 (2)- 0.2 1.1

Utah

1.8 (2)- 6.1 4.1 3.0 0.8 1.0 (2)- (2)- 3.5 (2)- 6.7 (2)- (2)- 1.1

Vermont

3.9 10.2 (2)- 12.1 6.9 0.8 13.3 1.8 (2)- 13.5 (2)- 9.5 (2)- (2)- 2.7

Virginia

2.6 (2)- 18.0 9.8 4.5 1.2 2.7 (2)- (2)- 6.5 (2)- 3.5 (2)- 0.1 2.1

Washington

3.0 10.7 12.2 9.3 2.4 1.3 3.0 (2)- (2)- 8.2 (2)- 9.4 (2)- (2)- 1.7

West Virginia

1.6 (2)- 4.6 6.2 3.1 0.9 (2)- 1.7 (2)- 5.2 (2)- 6.1 (2)- (2)- 1.7

Wisconsin

2.5 7.1 18.2 8.4 3.9 1.5 11.3 (2)- (2)- 6.6 (2)- 2.6 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Wyoming

2.4 (2)- 4.2 8.3 3.7 1.2 (2)- (2)- (2)- 13.9 (2)- 7.9 (2)- (2)- 2.7

Footnotes
(1) GGS percent is the percentage of the GGS employment compared to the total employment. This value is derived by dividing the GGS employment (Table 6) by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages twelve month average employment ending December 2011 for the corresponding state and industry sector.
(2) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards.
(3) No private sector establishments are classified in this industry.

NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.


Table 6. Green Goods and Services (GGS) private sector employment by state and industry sector, 2011 annual averages(1)
State Total private Natural resources and mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Trade Transportation and warehousing Information Financial activities Professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services, except public administration

United States

2,515,200 64,689 71,129 487,709 507,168 223,079 238,755 29,412 475 381,981 69,310 335,417 26,123 23,696 56,257

Alabama

39,703 1,238 (2)- 4,988 13,518 5,237 1,432 (2)- (2)- 3,165 (2)- 5,659 (2)- 217 (2)-

Alaska

5,893 (2)- 238 1,273 (2)- 376 1,052 (2)- (2)- 1,097 (2)- 1,381 (2)- (2)- 375

Arizona

39,535 1,962 359 11,517 2,501 5,953 3,466 (2)- (2)- 6,165 (2)- 5,535 (2)- 701 1,018

Arkansas

26,351 1,105 1,457 4,424 11,019 1,900 (2)- (2)- (2)- 1,795 (2)- 3,464 (2)- (2)- (2)-

California

268,486 16,906 7,899 54,070 36,417 23,789 14,151 (2)- (2)- 43,279 (2)- 50,022 (2)- 4,103 9,069

Colorado

52,859 (2)- 572 8,969 6,551 5,312 2,269 3,205 (2)- 14,900 (2)- 8,604 (2)- 685 1,066

Connecticut

36,577 (2)- 1,614 5,280 5,261 1,857 8,112 (2)- (2)- 6,486 (2)- 5,478 (2)- 434 (2)-

Delaware

7,331 (2)- (2)- 1,972 1,131 (2)- 1,327 (2)- (2)- 1,009 (2)- 873 (2)- (2)- 216

District of Columbia

11,115 (3)- (2)- 1,265 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 5,958 (2)- 438 (2)- (2)- 1,839

Florida

98,249 3,028 2,219 27,289 9,615 8,482 6,230 (2)- (2)- 13,278 (2)- 17,278 (2)- 1,247 3,370

Georgia

64,205 1,861 2,631 11,792 17,513 7,012 2,178 (2)- (2)- 8,527 (2)- 7,008 (2)- 1,297 3,117

Hawaii

11,425 (2)- 227 3,743 (2)- 973 2,152 (2)- (2)- 1,867 (2)- 1,501 (2)- 201 215

Idaho

15,138 1,174 460 3,292 1,818 1,021 1,302 (2)- (2)- 1,966 (2)- 2,111 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Illinois

105,751 596 (2)- 18,351 17,089 9,084 17,625 2,290 (2)- 13,551 (2)- 15,423 (2)- (2)- 1,870

Indiana

61,159 1,152 887 11,988 21,469 8,016 1,992 787 (2)- 5,438 (2)- 6,196 (2)- (2)- 1,021

Iowa

35,879 735 1,088 7,353 17,525 2,854 1,371 (2)- (2)- 1,249 974 2,154 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Kansas

19,097 340 (2)- 3,148 4,023 1,969 2,635 (2)- (2)- 2,386 (2)- 2,560 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Kentucky

28,770 (2)- 208 5,935 9,651 4,011 593 (2)- (2)- 2,718 (2)- 4,788 (2)- 149 (2)-

Louisiana

33,328 1,249 2,244 5,322 3,981 2,526 2,084 (2)- (2)- 3,653 (2)- 7,901 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Maine

12,680 670 606 2,503 1,731 1,119 970 (2)- (2)- 2,349 (2)- 1,946 (2)- 48 342

Maryland

63,638 (2)- (2)- 19,243 7,081 4,243 5,672 (2)- (2)- 15,573 (2)- 7,718 (2)- (2)- 989

Massachusetts

75,071 (2)- 958 8,582 9,299 3,048 11,067 3,674 (2)- 14,736 (2)- 8,917 7,351 708 2,426

Michigan

69,116 1,921 1,575 12,467 20,650 6,389 3,025 1,342 (2)- 7,723 2,121 9,924 (2)- (2)- 1,362

Minnesota

60,509 1,276 733 9,279 17,352 4,476 9,286 (2)- (2)- 8,566 (2)- 5,557 (2)- (2)- 991

Mississippi

16,114 1,501 1,287 2,900 2,276 1,478 805 (2)- (2)- 1,832 (2)- 2,754 (2)- (2)- 353

Missouri

46,625 558 598 7,858 9,575 5,663 5,336 (2)- (2)- 7,029 (2)- 6,497 (2)- (2)- 806

Montana

8,211 264 (2)- 1,351 671 738 910 (2)- (2)- 2,090 (2)- 1,299 (2)- (2)- 394

Nebraska

16,491 443 (2)- 4,100 4,005 1,346 1,200 (2)- (2)- 1,795 (2)- 1,821 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Nevada

15,569 (2)- 367 4,899 1,166 2,051 2,261 (2)- (2)- 1,674 (2)- 2,224 (2)- (2)- 355

New Hampshire

14,471 (2)- 1,054 1,866 3,349 1,070 2,371 (2)- (2)- 1,958 (2)- 1,464 (2)- (2)- 455

New Jersey

61,160 (2)- 2,093 10,410 6,198 5,436 17,623 (2)- (2)- 9,302 (2)- 7,647 (2)- 174 (2)-

New Mexico

15,481 (2)- 137 4,988 1,000 1,162 1,862 (2)- (2)- 3,423 (2)- 1,514 (2)- 54 722

New York

156,397 1,369 3,507 30,657 21,719 8,785 38,670 (2)- (2)- 21,830 (2)- 18,309 (2)- 2,025 2,486

North Carolina

83,017 997 2,400 17,154 27,616 7,097 2,329 (2)- (2)- 8,804 8,196 6,017 (2)- (2)- 742

North Dakota

6,891 240 142 1,461 2,538 628 426 (2)- (2)- 595 (2)- 697 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Ohio

103,917 (2)- 2,234 22,893 28,771 11,659 4,121 (2)- (2)- 13,152 (2)- 13,017 (2)- 1,204 (2)-

Oklahoma

20,343 (2)- 276 6,030 7,390 2,696 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 2,110 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Oregon

49,249 3,430 407 6,067 15,564 3,870 2,640 (2)- (2)- 5,075 3,730 5,092 (2)- 294 1,929

Pennsylvania

136,557 1,007 4,627 13,551 35,852 8,748 24,409 (2)- (2)- 17,382 9,293 16,020 (2)- 1,336 2,259

Rhode Island

9,401 (2)- (2)- 992 2,061 791 1,662 (2)- (2)- 1,747 (2)- 1,490 (2)- (2)- (2)-

South Carolina

33,002 923 3,830 6,404 8,759 2,840 963 (2)- (2)- 3,567 (2)- 4,832 (2)- 216 460

South Dakota

6,865 356 123 1,573 1,767 751 674 (2)- (2)- (2)- (2)- 857 (2)- (2)- 223

Tennessee

53,979 469 200 6,831 22,502 6,164 3,543 (2)- (2)- 6,395 (2)- 6,401 (2)- 580 619

Texas

177,155 2,341 5,021 46,559 27,554 18,727 9,476 4,074 (2)- 33,558 (2)- 21,159 (2)- 1,574 3,299

Utah

17,098 (2)- 246 2,681 3,371 1,555 446 (2)- (2)- 2,412 (2)- 4,840 (2)- (2)- 342

Vermont

9,571 328 (2)- 1,701 2,133 399 901 90 (2)- 1,847 (2)- 915 (2)- (2)- 233

Virginia

74,990 (2)- 1,955 17,382 10,367 6,218 2,587 (2)- (2)- 25,584 (2)- 7,015 (2)- 430 2,632

Washington

69,332 9,846 588 11,797 6,291 5,540 2,415 (2)- (2)- 13,405 (2)- 12,804 (2)- (2)- 2,302

West Virginia

9,013 (2)- 251 2,054 1,536 1,044 (2)- 171 (2)- 1,290 (2)- 1,943 (2)- (2)- 361

Wisconsin

57,318 1,796 1,978 7,755 17,398 6,026 9,770 (2)- (2)- 6,300 (2)- 3,623 (2)- (2)- (2)-

Wyoming

5,117 (2)- 105 1,751 340 467 (2)- (2)- (2)- 1,264 (2)- 621 (2)- (2)- 221

Footnotes
(1) GGS employment is the number of jobs related to the production of Green Goods and Services. This table reflects private ownership only.
(2) Data do not meet BLS disclosure standards.
(3) No private sector establishments are classified in this industry.

NOTE: Data may not add to total due to rounding.


Last Modified Date: March 19, 2013