Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
CPS CPS Program Links

Persons with a Disability: Labor Force Characteristics News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 11, 2014             USDL-14-1076

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


        PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS -- 2013


In 2013, 17.6 percent of persons with a disability were employed, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. In contrast, the employment-population ratio 
for those without a disability was 64.0 percent. The employment-population ratio 
was little changed from 2012 to 2013 for both groups. The unemployment rate for 
those with a disability was 13.2 percent in 2013, higher than the rate for persons 
with no disability (7.1 percent). The jobless rate for persons with a disability 
was little changed from 2012 to 2013, while the rate for those without a disability 
declined.

The data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population 
Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides 
information on employment and unemployment in the United States. The collection of 
data on persons with a disability is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office 
of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the Technical Note.

Highlights from the 2013 data:

--Persons with a disability were over three times as likely as those with no 
  disability to be age 65 and over. (See table 1.) 

--For all age groups, the employment-population ratio for persons with a 
  disability was less than half that of those with no disability. (See table 1.)

--In 2013, 34 percent of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared 
  with 19 percent of those with no disability. (See table 2.)

--Fifteen percent of workers with a disability were employed in federal, state, 
  or local government, similar to the share for workers with no disability (14 percent). 
  (See table 4.)

--Employed persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those 
  with no disability. (See table 4.)

Demographic Characteristics

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, 
reflecting the increased incidence of disability with age. In 2013, 46 percent of 
persons with a disability were age 65 and over, compared with 14 percent of those 
with no disability. Overall, women were somewhat more likely to have a disability 
than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. Among the major 
race and ethnicity groups, the prevalence of a disability was higher for blacks 
and whites than for Asians and Hispanics. (See table 1.)

Employment

The employment-population ratio for persons with a disability was 17.6 percent in 
2013, little changed from 2012. The ratio for those with no disability showed 
little change in 2013, at 64.0 percent. The lower ratio among persons with a 
disability is due, in part, to the large share of the population of persons with a 
disability that was age 65 and older, as older persons are less likely to be 
employed. However, across all age groups, persons with a disability were much less 
likely to be employed than those with no disability. (See tables A and 1.)

Among persons with a disability age 16 to 64, the employment-population ratio, 
at 26.8 percent in 2013, changed little over the year and was unchanged for those 
age 65 and over, at 6.9 percent. (See table A.)

In 2013, those who had higher levels of education were more likely to be employed 
than those with less education. At all levels of education, persons with a 
disability were much less likely to be employed than their counterparts with no 
disability. (See table 1.)

Workers with a disability were more likely to be employed part time than those with 
no disability. Among workers with a disability, 34 percent usually worked part time 
in 2013, compared with 19 percent of workers without a disability. The proportion 
of workers who were employed part time for economic reasons was slightly higher 
among those with a disability than among those without a disability (7 percent 
versus 5 percent). These individuals were working part time because their hours 
had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 
table 2.)

In 2013, workers with a disability were more likely to be employed in production, 
transportation, and material moving occupations than those with no disability 
(15 percent compared with 12 percent). Those with a disability were less likely 
than their counterparts to work in management, professional, and related 
occupations (33 percent compared with 38 percent). (See table 3.)

The share of workers with a disability employed in federal, state, and local 
government (15 percent) was about the same as the share for those with no 
disability (14 percent). Workers with a disability were less likely than those 
with no disability to be employed in private wage and salary jobs (74 percent 
versus 80 percent). The incidence of self-employment among workers with a 
disability was higher than among workers with no disability (11 percent versus 
6 percent). (See table 4.)

Unemployment

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability was 13.2 percent in 2013, 
higher than the rate for those with no disability (7.1 percent). (Unemployed 
persons are those who did not have a job, were available for work, and were 
actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The unemployment 
rate for persons with a disability was little changed from 2012 to 2013, while 
the rate for those without a disability was lower in 2013 than in the prior year. 
(See table A.)

In 2013, the unemployment rate for men with a disability (13.0 percent) was 
about the same as the rate for women (13.5 percent). As was the case among those 
without a disability, the unemployment rates for those with a disability were 
higher among blacks (19.2 percent) and Hispanics (18.6 percent) than among whites 
(12.2 percent) and Asians (8.9 percent). (See table 1.)

Not in the Labor Force

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. A 
large proportion of persons with a disability--about 8 in 10--were not in the labor 
force in 2013, compared with about 3 in 10 persons with no disability. In part, 
this reflects the fact that persons with a disability tend to be older than those 
without a disability and older persons are, in general, less likely to be labor 
force participants. However, for all age groups, persons with a disability were 
much more likely than those with no disability to be out of the labor force. 
(See table 1.)

Among those not in the labor force with and without a disability, the vast 
majority reported that they do not want a job. In 2013, about 1 percent of 
persons with a disability were marginally attached to the labor force, compared 
with 3 percent of those with no disability. These individuals were not in the 
labor force, wanted and were available to work, and had looked for a job sometime 
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not 
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table 5.)




Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2012 and 2013 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2012 2013
Total, 16 years
and over
16 to 64
years
65 years
and over
Total, 16 years
and over
16 to 64
years
65 years
and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

28,251 15,339 12,912 28,634 15,450 13,184

Civilian labor force

5,816 4,854 961 5,820 4,858 962

Participation rate

20.6 31.6 7.4 20.3 31.4 7.3

Employed

5,037 4,146 890 5,050 4,145 904

Employment-population ratio

17.8 27.0 6.9 17.6 26.8 6.9

Unemployed

779 708 71 770 713 58

Unemployment rate

13.4 14.6 7.4 13.2 14.7 6.0

Not in labor force

22,435 10,484 11,951 22,814 10,592 12,222

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

215,034 186,077 28,957 217,045 186,817 30,228

Civilian labor force

149,159 142,393 6,766 149,569 142,415 7,154

Participation rate

69.4 76.5 23.4 68.9 76.2 23.7

Employed

137,433 131,078 6,355 138,880 132,103 6,777

Employment-population ratio

63.9 70.4 21.9 64.0 70.7 22.4

Unemployed

11,727 11,315 411 10,689 10,313 377

Unemployment rate

7.9 7.9 6.1 7.1 7.2 5.3

Not in labor force

65,875 43,683 22,191 67,476 44,402 23,074

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Technical Note

   The estimates in this release are based on annual average data obtained from  
the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. 
Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of 
about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force 
status, demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over.
   
   Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to identify persons with a 
disability in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The 
addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin releasing monthly labor 
force data from the CPS for persons with a disability. The collection of these 
data is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment 
Policy.
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired 
individuals upon request. Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 
(800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values 
they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples 
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured 
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or
level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling 
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 
confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can 
occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, 
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and
errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

   Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS and 
estimating standard errors is available at 
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   CPS estimates are controlled to population totals that are available by 
age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. These controls are developed by the 
Census Bureau and are based on complete population counts obtained in the 
decennial census. In the years between decennial censuses, they incorporate 
the latest information about population change (births, deaths, and net
international migration). The Census Bureau introduces adjustments to the 
population controls for the CPS as part of its annual update of population 
estimates. The updated controls typically have a negligible impact on 
unemployment rates and other ratios. The estimates of the population of 
persons with a disability are not controlled to independent population totals 
of persons with a disability because such data are not available. Without 
independent population totals, sample-based estimates are more apt to vary 
from one time period to the next.  Information about population controls is 
available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Disability questions and concepts

   The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify persons with disabilities. 
In the CPS, persons are classified as having a disability if there is a response 
of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability questions appear in the CPS 
in the following format:

   This month we want to learn about people who have physical, mental, or emotional
conditions that cause serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer
for household members who are 15 years old or over.

   --Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious difficulty 
     hearing?

   --Is  anyone  blind or does anyone have serious  difficulty
     seeing even when wearing glasses?

   --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
     anyone have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or
     making decisions?

   --Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or climbing
     stairs?

   --Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing?

   --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
     anyone have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a
     doctor's office or shopping?

   The CPS questions for identifying individuals with disabilities are only 
asked of household members who are age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask 
the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and 
if the respondent replies "yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in 
the household who has the condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are 
tabulated for persons age 16 and older. More information on the disability 
questions and the limitations of the CPS disability data is available on the 
BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.

Other definitions

   Other definitions used in this release are described briefly below. 
Additional information on the concepts and methodology of the CPS is available 
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Employed.  Employed persons are all those who, during the survey reference 
week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 
business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as 
unpaid workers in a family member's business.  Persons who were temporarily 
absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor 
dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed.

   Unemployed.  Unemployed persons are those who had no employment during the 
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific 
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they 
had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as 
unemployed.

   Civilian labor force.  The civilian labor force comprises all persons 
classified as employed or unemployed.

   Unemployment rate.  The unemployment rate represents the number of 
unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Not in the labor force.  Persons not in the labor force include all those who 
are not classified as employed or unemployed. Information is collected on their 
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS interview, job 
search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week 
period prior to the survey week. This group includes individuals marginally 
attached to the labor force, defined as persons not in the labor force who want 
and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 
months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 
months). They are not counted as unemployed because they had not actively searched 
for work in the prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group are discouraged 
workers—persons who are not currently looking for work because they believe there 
are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. The other 
persons marginally attached to the labor force group includes persons who want 
a job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks for reasons such as family 
responsibilities or transportation problems.

   Part time for economic reasons.  Persons classified as at work part time for 
economic reasons, a measure sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 
those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference 
week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, 
inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who 
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and are available for 
full-time work to be classified as part time for economic reasons.

   Occupation, industry, and class of worker.  The occupation, industry, and 
class of worker classifications for the employed relate to the job held in the 
survey reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job 
at which they worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are classified using 
the 2010 Census occupational and 2007 Census industry classification systems. 
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: 
Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 
unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, 
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government 
unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own 
business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are 
included in the self-employed category. Self-employed persons who respond that 
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage and salary workers. 
Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or 
more on a farm or in a business operated by a family member in their household.




Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected characteristics, 2013 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Participation
rate
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over

245,679 155,389 63.2 143,929 58.6 11,460 7.4 90,290

Men

118,555 82,667 69.7 76,353 64.4 6,314 7.6 35,889

Women

127,124 72,722 57.2 67,577 53.2 5,146 7.1 54,401

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over

28,634 5,820 20.3 5,050 17.6 770 13.2 22,814

Men

13,246 3,183 24.0 2,768 20.9 415 13.0 10,063

Women

15,389 2,637 17.1 2,282 14.8 355 13.5 12,752

Age

16 to 64 years

15,450 4,858 31.4 4,145 26.8 713 14.7 10,592

16 to 19 years

607 141 23.2 81 13.4 60 42.3 466

20 to 24 years

865 371 42.9 268 31.0 104 27.9 493

25 to 34 years

1,771 763 43.1 632 35.7 131 17.2 1,008

35 to 44 years

2,099 784 37.4 666 31.7 119 15.1 1,315

45 to 54 years

4,190 1,284 30.6 1,126 26.9 158 12.3 2,907

55 to 64 years

5,917 1,514 25.6 1,373 23.2 142 9.4 4,403

65 years and over

13,184 962 7.3 904 6.9 58 6.0 12,222

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White

23,049 4,782 20.7 4,200 18.2 583 12.2 18,266

Black or African American

3,803 638 16.8 516 13.6 123 19.2 3,164

Asian

764 143 18.7 130 17.0 13 8.9 621

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2,913 630 21.6 512 17.6 117 18.6 2,283

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over

27,162 5,308 19.5 4,701 17.3 607 11.4 21,855

Less than a high school diploma

5,950 551 9.3 453 7.6 99 17.9 5,399

High school graduates, no college(1)

9,986 1,721 17.2 1,526 15.3 195 11.3 8,265

Some college or associate degree

6,835 1,694 24.8 1,499 21.9 195 11.5 5,141

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

4,392 1,341 30.5 1,223 27.8 118 8.8 3,050

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over

217,045 149,569 68.9 138,880 64.0 10,689 7.1 67,476

Men

105,310 79,484 75.5 73,585 69.9 5,899 7.4 25,826

Women

111,735 70,085 62.7 65,295 58.4 4,790 6.8 41,650

Age

16 to 64 years

186,817 142,415 76.2 132,103 70.7 10,313 7.2 44,402

16 to 19 years

16,180 5,644 34.9 4,377 27.1 1,267 22.5 10,536

20 to 24 years

21,187 15,224 71.9 13,331 62.9 1,893 12.4 5,963

25 to 34 years

39,777 32,983 82.9 30,610 77.0 2,373 7.2 6,794

35 to 44 years

37,513 31,778 84.7 29,984 79.9 1,794 5.6 5,735

45 to 54 years

39,055 33,184 85.0 31,397 80.4 1,787 5.4 5,872

55 to 64 years

33,105 23,602 71.3 22,403 67.7 1,199 5.1 9,503

65 years and over

30,228 7,154 23.7 6,777 22.4 377 5.3 23,074

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White

171,284 118,630 69.3 111,180 64.9 7,450 6.3 52,654

Black or African American

26,573 17,941 67.5 15,635 58.8 2,306 12.9 8,632

Asian

12,532 8,441 67.4 8,006 63.9 435 5.2 4,091

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

34,604 24,142 69.8 22,002 63.6 2,140 8.9 10,462

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over

179,678 128,701 71.6 121,172 67.4 7,529 5.8 50,977

Less than a high school diploma

18,474 10,454 56.6 9,346 50.6 1,108 10.6 8,020

High school graduates, no college(1)

51,963 34,638 66.7 32,093 61.8 2,545 7.3 17,325

Some college or associate degree

48,203 35,600 73.9 33,426 69.3 2,174 6.1 12,603

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

61,038 48,010 78.7 46,308 75.9 1,701 3.5 13,028

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.


Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2013 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Disability status and age Employed At work
part time for
economic
reasons(1)
Total Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time

TOTAL

16 years and over

143,929 116,314 27,615 7,935

16 to 64 years

136,248 111,797 24,451 7,662

65 years and over

7,681 4,517 3,165 273

Persons with a disability

16 years and over

5,050 3,345 1,704 358

16 to 64 years

4,145 2,916 1,229 329

65 years and over

904 429 475 28

Persons with no disability

16 years and over

138,880 112,969 25,911 7,577

16 to 64 years

132,103 108,881 23,221 7,332

65 years and over

6,777 4,088 2,690 245

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time for an economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.


Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2013 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Occupation Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)

5,050 2,768 2,282 138,880 73,585 65,295

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

32.6 30.7 34.9 38.2 35.0 41.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

13.6 15.2 11.7 15.9 17.0 14.7

Management occupations

10.4 12.6 7.7 11.2 13.0 9.1

Business and financial operations occupations

3.2 2.6 4.1 4.7 4.0 5.6

Professional and related occupations

19.0 15.5 23.2 22.3 18.0 27.1

Computer and mathematical occupations

2.4 3.0 1.6 2.8 3.9 1.5

Architecture and engineering occupations

1.4 2.3 0.5 2.0 3.2 0.6

Life, physical, and social science occupations

0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Community and social service occupations

1.9 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.1 2.1

Legal occupations

1.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.4

Education, training, and library occupations

5.4 3.0 8.3 6.0 3.0 9.5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

2.1 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations

4.0 1.9 6.6 5.7 2.8 9.1

Service occupations

20.0 16.2 24.8 17.9 14.7 21.6

Healthcare support occupations

2.4 0.5 4.8 2.5 0.5 4.6

Protective service occupations

1.9 2.8 0.9 2.2 3.3 1.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations

5.7 4.5 7.2 5.7 4.9 6.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

5.7 6.5 4.7 3.9 4.5 3.2

Personal care and service occupations

4.3 1.9 7.2 3.7 1.6 6.2

Sales and office occupations

23.4 16.5 31.8 23.1 16.6 30.4

Sales and related occupations

10.1 9.2 11.3 10.8 10.4 11.1

Office and administrative support occupations

13.3 7.3 20.5 12.3 6.2 19.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

8.9 15.4 0.9 9.1 16.4 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.9 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations

4.5 8.0 0.4 5.0 9.1 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

3.5 6.2 0.2 3.4 6.2 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

15.1 21.2 7.7 11.7 17.3 5.3

Production occupations

7.5 9.9 4.4 5.7 7.8 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

7.7 11.3 3.2 6.0 9.6 1.9

Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2013 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Industry and class of worker Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)

5,050 2,768 2,282 138,880 73,585 65,295

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

3.0 4.4 1.3 1.4 2.0 0.7

Nonagricultural industries

97.0 95.6 98.7 98.6 98.0 99.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.7 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.2

Construction

6.0 10.0 1.1 6.5 11.1 1.2

Manufacturing

10.5 13.8 6.5 10.3 13.9 6.3

Wholesale trade

2.0 2.5 1.5 2.6 3.5 1.5

Retail trade

13.0 12.2 14.1 11.1 10.8 11.3

Transportation and utilities

5.3 7.5 2.7 5.1 7.4 2.6

Information

1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.4 1.7

Financial activities

5.7 5.0 6.5 6.9 6.1 7.8

Professional and business services

10.8 11.5 10.0 11.7 12.8 10.4

Education and health services

22.3 11.9 35.0 22.6 10.8 36.0

Leisure and hospitality

8.9 8.7 9.2 9.4 8.7 10.3

Other services

5.4 5.2 5.8 4.9 4.4 5.5

Public administration

4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.4

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers(2)

89.0 87.5 90.9 93.6 92.7 94.5

Private industries

74.4 75.1 73.5 79.5 81.1 77.6

Government

14.6 12.3 17.4 14.1 11.5 16.9

Federal

3.1 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.3

State

5.0 3.6 6.6 4.4 3.4 5.4

Local

6.6 5.4 8.1 7.3 5.6 9.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

10.9 12.4 9.0 6.4 7.3 5.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
(2) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.


Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2013 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total,
16 years and
over
16 to 64 years Total,
65 years and
over
Total Men Women

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force

22,814 10,592 5,011 5,582 12,222

Persons who currently want a job

662 473 224 249 189

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

212 175 86 89 37

Discouraged workers(2)

61 45 26 19 15

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

152 130 60 70 22

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force

67,476 44,402 16,195 28,207 23,074

Persons who currently want a job

5,728 5,152 2,369 2,782 576

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,147 1,995 1,036 959 152

Discouraged workers(2)

800 726 430 296 74

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,347 1,268 605 663 78

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.


Last Modified Date: June 11, 2014