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Employer Costs for Employee Compensation

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Relative Standard Errors

Because the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample design may differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is the standard error. The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. Footnotes have been added for estimates with relative standard errors greater than 30 percent.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year changes, see Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC, which examined how differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, but not from nonsampling errors. Sampling errors are differences between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. Nonsampling errors are not measured and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors. Survey nonresponse is when sample members are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey. Data collection errors include provision of inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing errors include errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data collection reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on which data are recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection standards.

Obtaining information

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Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership [Dec. 2023]
Compensation component Civilian workers(1) Private industry
workers
State and local
government workers
Cost ($) Relative
standard error
Cost ($) Relative
standard error
Cost ($) Relative
standard error

Total compensation(2)

45.42 1.1 43.11 1.3 60.56 0.8

Wages and salaries

31.29 1.0 30.33 1.2 37.53 0.8

Total benefits

14.13 1.4 12.77 1.8 23.03 0.9

Paid leave

3.41 1.8 3.26 2.2 4.43 1.6

Vacation

1.67 2.0 1.67 2.3 1.65 2.4

Holiday

1.00 1.9 0.96 2.2 1.28 2.1

Sick

0.52 1.6 0.43 2.2 1.14 1.3

Personal

0.22 2.6 0.20 3.3 0.35 2.5

Supplemental pay

1.56 3.6 1.71 3.8 0.59 3.9

Overtime and premium(3)

0.40 2.1 0.43 2.2 0.26 4.7

Shift differentials

0.08 4.5 0.08 5.0 0.05 6.6

Nonproduction bonuses

1.08 5.0 1.20 5.2 0.27 5.4

Insurance

3.61 1.5 3.14 1.9 6.72 1.0

Life

0.05 2.5 0.05 2.9 0.09 3.7

Health

3.42 1.5 2.94 1.9 6.55 1.0

Short-term disability

0.09 2.9 0.10 3.0 0.03 4.0

Long-term disability

0.05 3.1 0.05 3.4 0.05 3.9

Retirement and savings

2.37 1.8 1.50 2.7 8.07 1.4

Defined benefit

1.36 2.3 0.42 5.4 7.51 1.4

Defined contribution

1.00 3.0 1.07 3.2 0.55 4.8

Legally Required benefits

3.18 0.8 3.17 0.9 3.23 1.3

Social Security and Medicare

2.57 0.9 2.57 1.1 2.58 1.3

Social Security(4)

2.05 0.9 2.06 1.0 1.97 1.5

Medicare

0.52 1.2 0.51 1.4 0.62 0.8

Federal unemployment insurance

0.02 4.4 0.03 4.4 (5)- (6)-

State unemployment insurance

0.13 2.6 0.14 2.8 0.07 9.1

Workers' compensation

0.45 1.6 0.43 1.8 0.58 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule.
(4) Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(5) Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
(6) The relative standard error is not available as the cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Civilian workers(3)

45.42 1.1 31.29 1.0 14.13 1.4 3.41 1.8 1.56 3.6 3.61 1.5 2.37 1.8 3.18 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

72.02 1.7 48.90 1.6 23.12 2.1 6.33 2.5 2.58 6.0 5.46 2.0 4.33 2.4 4.42 1.2

Management, business and financial

82.10 2.4 55.29 2.3 26.81 2.8 7.97 3.3 4.01 8.2 5.87 2.4 4.02 3.6 4.95 1.4

Professional and related

67.50 1.8 46.03 1.8 21.46 2.3 5.60 2.8 1.94 6.3 5.28 2.2 4.47 2.9 4.17 1.4

Teachers(4)

72.93 3.8 49.50 4.1 23.43 3.4 4.01 7.0 0.36 9.1 6.52 3.6 8.82 4.0 3.71 2.9

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

69.68 3.4 45.83 3.2 23.85 4.0 3.23 5.8 0.28 6.7 7.13 4.4 9.97 5.1 3.24 3.5

Registered nurses

72.48 2.9 48.01 2.8 24.47 3.6 7.14 5.2 3.18 6.8 5.49 2.5 3.72 6.3 4.93 3.1

Sales and office

33.15 1.4 23.58 1.5 9.57 1.6 2.30 2.2 0.89 3.2 2.82 2.0 1.18 3.1 2.39 1.1

Sales and related

31.96 3.2 24.40 3.1 7.57 3.6 1.94 5.7 0.84 5.8 1.65 3.4 0.73 6.6 2.40 2.3

Office and administrative support

33.98 1.0 23.00 0.8 10.98 1.8 2.56 1.7 0.92 4.0 3.64 2.5 1.49 4.2 2.38 0.8

Service

24.62 1.6 17.89 1.4 6.74 2.6 1.29 3.0 0.58 5.6 1.66 3.9 1.14 5.8 2.06 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

45.02 1.5 30.31 1.3 14.71 2.8 2.55 2.8 1.71 4.4 3.86 3.4 2.79 8.3 3.80 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

43.81 2.8 29.68 2.0 14.13 4.6 1.90 4.1 1.69 4.8 3.74 5.4 2.82 10.1 3.98 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

46.30 2.3 30.98 2.4 15.33 3.8 3.23 3.4 1.73 6.0 3.99 4.4 2.77 12.0 3.61 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

34.76 2.1 23.58 2.0 11.18 2.6 2.11 3.6 1.57 3.6 3.33 3.0 1.32 5.5 2.85 1.5

Production

34.53 2.1 22.87 1.8 11.66 3.1 2.17 3.0 2.16 5.3 3.63 4.0 0.98 5.3 2.73 1.8

Transportation and material moving

34.89 3.1 23.99 3.0 10.90 3.7 2.08 5.5 1.22 3.9 3.15 4.2 1.52 7.5 2.93 2.0

Industry group

Education and health services

51.65 2.3 35.14 2.2 16.51 2.7 4.02 3.4 1.00 6.6 4.46 3.0 3.80 3.7 3.24 1.5

Educational services

62.10 1.2 40.82 1.0 21.28 1.8 4.01 1.9 0.35 5.4 6.23 2.4 7.43 2.5 3.27 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools

60.69 1.1 39.32 0.9 21.37 1.8 3.16 4.3 0.26 3.8 6.61 2.3 8.38 2.1 2.97 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

70.52 1.7 46.33 1.5 24.19 2.3 6.26 4.9 0.48 5.5 6.55 2.8 6.97 3.2 3.92 1.6

Health care and social assistance

45.81 3.7 31.96 3.6 13.85 4.3 4.02 5.2 1.36 7.5 3.47 4.6 1.77 7.5 3.22 2.3

Hospitals

64.57 4.7 42.62 5.2 21.95 4.0 6.19 6.2 2.71 6.1 5.47 3.4 3.43 6.6 4.15 2.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(4) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

State and local government workers

60.56 0.8 37.53 0.8 23.03 0.9 4.43 1.6 0.59 3.9 6.72 1.0 8.07 1.4 3.23 1.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

72.08 1.0 46.10 1.1 25.97 1.2 4.89 2.1 0.45 4.9 7.30 1.2 9.73 1.5 3.61 1.6

Professional and related

69.93 1.0 45.03 1.1 24.90 1.1 4.33 2.1 0.43 5.0 7.26 1.2 9.39 1.5 3.48 1.6

Teachers(3)

78.97 1.2 52.09 1.3 26.88 1.3 3.72 3.0 0.30 5.9 7.78 1.4 11.42 1.5 3.66 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

78.16 1.2 50.73 1.2 27.42 1.5 3.36 3.2 0.28 5.0 8.24 2.0 12.12 2.1 3.42 2.2

Sales and office

42.11 1.7 24.33 1.9 17.78 2.0 3.67 2.2 0.36 8.2 6.38 2.2 4.91 3.5 2.46 2.0

Office and administrative support

42.31 1.8 24.38 2.0 17.92 2.1 3.69 2.1 0.36 8.2 6.46 2.3 4.95 3.6 2.46 2.1

Service

45.34 2.5 26.03 2.1 19.30 3.0 3.77 3.4 0.98 6.8 5.35 2.1 6.48 5.0 2.71 2.4

Industry group

Education and health services

63.05 0.8 40.29 0.8 22.76 1.1 3.99 2.3 0.41 4.7 6.86 1.2 8.36 1.4 3.14 1.6

Educational services

64.50 0.8 41.40 0.7 23.10 1.1 3.79 2.4 0.30 5.2 6.96 1.2 8.93 1.4 3.13 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools

62.47 0.9 40.10 0.9 22.38 1.4 3.12 2.8 0.26 3.7 6.95 1.6 9.09 1.8 2.95 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

70.36 2.1 45.14 2.3 25.22 2.3 5.74 3.9 0.38 12.8 6.97 3.2 8.50 3.9 3.62 2.9

Health care and social assistance

54.25 3.8 33.55 4.0 20.70 4.1 5.21 5.7 1.09 8.1 6.28 4.6 4.90 6.0 3.23 4.8

Hospitals

56.76 4.4 35.82 4.6 20.93 4.6 5.41 6.1 1.24 8.5 6.23 5.3 4.70 9.9 3.36 5.6

Public administration

58.91 1.9 34.15 2.1 24.76 1.8 5.43 2.2 0.90 6.3 6.69 1.7 8.28 3.1 3.46 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Private industry workers

43.11 1.3 30.33 1.2 12.77 1.8 3.26 2.2 1.71 3.8 3.14 1.9 1.50 2.7 3.17 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related occupations

72.00 2.2 49.72 2.0 22.28 2.8 6.76 3.0 3.21 6.2 4.92 2.9 2.74 4.1 4.65 1.5

Management, business, and financial occupations

81.72 2.6 55.56 2.5 26.15 3.2 7.92 3.6 4.40 8.3 5.68 2.9 3.13 4.7 5.02 1.6

Professional and related occupations

66.53 2.5 46.43 2.4 20.09 3.3 6.10 3.8 2.53 6.8 4.49 3.3 2.51 4.9 4.45 1.8

Sales and office occupations

32.30 1.6 23.50 1.7 8.80 1.8 2.18 2.5 0.94 3.4 2.48 2.4 0.83 4.2 2.38 1.3

Sales and related occupations

31.94 3.2 24.41 3.1 7.53 3.6 1.93 5.8 0.84 5.8 1.64 3.3 0.72 6.5 2.40 2.3

Office and administrative support occupations

32.60 1.1 22.77 0.9 9.83 2.1 2.37 2.0 1.02 4.2 3.17 3.1 0.91 5.8 2.36 1.0

Service occupations

21.55 1.9 16.68 1.7 4.87 3.2 0.92 4.6 0.52 6.5 1.12 5.3 0.35 9.0 1.96 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

44.47 1.6 30.30 1.4 14.18 3.0 2.38 3.2 1.77 4.5 3.63 3.9 2.56 9.3 3.85 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

43.19 3.1 29.66 2.2 13.54 5.2 1.68 5.4 1.77 4.8 3.46 6.3 2.58 11.5 4.04 3.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

45.82 2.5 30.97 2.6 14.85 4.2 3.11 3.7 1.77 6.2 3.80 4.7 2.53 14.0 3.64 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

34.34 2.1 23.45 2.1 10.89 2.6 2.07 3.7 1.59 3.7 3.22 3.1 1.17 6.0 2.84 1.5

Production occupations

34.20 2.2 22.72 1.8 11.48 3.1 2.12 3.0 2.17 5.3 3.57 4.1 0.89 5.4 2.72 1.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

34.43 3.2 23.89 3.1 10.54 3.8 2.04 5.7 1.24 4.1 3.00 4.3 1.35 8.4 2.92 2.1

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

44.75 1.5 30.31 1.4 14.44 2.0 2.82 2.8 2.37 3.9 3.88 2.8 1.82 4.3 3.55 1.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

71.24 2.9 48.75 2.2 22.49 4.8 6.15 3.8 3.62 13.4 4.96 3.4 2.97 7.5 4.79 2.0

Management, business, and financial occupations

74.56 3.7 51.77 2.6 22.80 6.5 6.31 4.9 3.83 19.4 4.90 4.7 2.76 9.4 5.00 2.3

Professional and related occupations

66.96 3.0 44.85 2.8 22.10 3.8 5.95 3.7 3.36 8.2 5.03 2.9 3.24 6.5 4.52 2.6

Sales and office occupations

41.55 4.3 30.10 5.0 11.44 4.3 2.61 5.9 1.57 11.4 3.23 4.2 0.97 6.2 3.06 2.9

Office and administrative support occupations

34.77 1.5 24.68 1.5 10.09 2.4 2.19 2.8 1.32 5.7 3.11 4.4 0.79 7.2 2.67 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

44.39 2.2 30.12 1.6 14.27 3.6 1.96 4.8 2.06 5.2 3.65 5.5 2.60 7.1 4.00 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing and forestry occupations

42.90 3.1 29.50 2.2 13.40 5.3 1.62 5.8 1.83 4.7 3.40 6.8 2.55 11.7 4.01 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

49.01 5.2 32.06 3.6 16.95 8.7 3.02 6.5 2.79 8.8 4.42 9.6 2.76 21.5 3.96 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

35.53 1.8 23.29 1.6 12.24 2.6 2.19 2.2 2.33 4.9 3.85 3.7 1.01 5.2 2.86 1.4

Production occupations

35.54 2.1 23.13 1.8 12.40 3.2 2.25 2.5 2.44 5.5 3.96 4.5 0.95 5.5 2.80 1.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

35.51 2.6 23.89 2.7 11.61 3.7 1.97 3.7 1.88 7.6 3.42 4.8 1.25 14.2 3.09 2.5

Construction industry

46.50 2.5 32.66 2.4 13.84 3.0 2.22 5.1 1.93 8.9 3.38 4.5 2.25 8.2 4.07 2.3

Manufacturing industry

43.68 1.9 28.91 1.6 14.76 2.7 3.22 3.2 2.60 3.9 4.17 3.3 1.55 6.0 3.23 1.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

72.69 2.7 49.09 2.2 23.61 4.0 6.59 3.6 3.55 9.1 5.33 2.7 3.39 7.2 4.75 2.2

Management, business, and financial occupations

77.56 3.3 53.10 2.7 24.46 4.8 7.03 4.7 3.67 10.3 5.49 3.4 3.28 9.5 4.99 3.0

Professional and related occupations

68.47 3.4 45.60 3.2 22.86 4.3 6.21 4.0 3.44 9.6 5.18 3.3 3.49 7.0 4.54 2.9

Sales and office occupations

39.58 4.8 27.58 4.6 12.01 5.6 2.94 8.2 1.76 12.4 3.40 3.3 1.11 9.3 2.81 4.1

Office and administrative support occupations

34.40 2.6 23.80 2.5 10.60 3.4 2.41 4.1 1.47 9.2 3.36 3.6 0.92 9.7 2.44 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

48.72 4.0 31.23 2.8 17.48 7.2 3.32 5.4 3.19 8.4 5.03 11.0 2.19 13.2 3.76 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

49.17 3.4 31.74 2.2 17.43 6.5 3.56 5.1 3.10 7.1 5.00 10.4 2.01 13.4 3.76 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

34.89 1.7 22.68 1.2 12.22 2.8 2.22 2.4 2.38 5.0 3.88 3.8 0.97 5.4 2.77 1.3

Production occupations

35.15 1.9 22.74 1.4 12.41 3.2 2.26 2.5 2.49 5.5 3.97 4.4 0.95 5.6 2.75 1.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

33.66 3.2 22.37 2.8 11.29 4.5 2.04 4.5 1.90 5.9 3.46 5.9 1.06 13.6 2.84 3.1

Aircraft manufacturing industry

75.86 2.8 47.20 2.8 28.66 3.0 6.86 3.8 4.63 4.1 7.50 2.4 4.62 4.2 5.05 2.1

Service-providing industries(4)

42.78 1.6 30.34 1.4 12.44 2.1 3.34 2.5 1.58 4.8 2.99 2.2 1.43 3.2 3.09 1.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

72.08 2.4 49.83 2.2 22.25 3.1 6.82 3.3 3.16 6.8 4.92 3.2 2.71 4.6 4.64 1.6

Management, business, and financial occupations

82.98 3.0 56.23 2.9 26.75 3.5 8.21 4.1 4.50 9.1 5.82 3.3 3.20 5.4 5.02 1.8

Professional and related occupations

66.50 2.7 46.55 2.6 19.95 3.6 6.11 4.0 2.48 7.4 4.45 3.6 2.46 5.3 4.45 2.0

Sales and office occupations

31.59 1.7 22.99 1.8 8.60 1.9 2.14 2.7 0.89 3.5 2.42 2.6 0.81 4.5 2.33 1.3

Sales and related occupations

30.73 3.3 23.50 3.2 7.23 3.8 1.85 6.1 0.79 5.3 1.57 3.5 0.68 7.0 2.33 2.4

Office and administrative support occupations

32.34 1.2 22.54 1.0 9.80 2.3 2.40 2.2 0.98 4.7 3.18 3.4 0.93 6.5 2.32 1.1

Service occupations

21.56 1.9 16.69 1.7 4.87 3.2 0.92 4.6 0.52 6.5 1.12 5.3 0.35 9.1 1.96 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

44.60 2.4 30.56 2.5 14.03 5.1 3.02 5.5 1.32 5.6 3.60 3.8 2.49 21.4 3.61 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

44.42 2.6 30.49 3.3 13.93 3.8 3.15 4.5 1.33 5.9 3.53 4.0 2.43 17.8 3.50 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

33.66 3.2 23.54 3.1 10.12 3.8 2.00 5.7 1.17 4.6 2.86 4.3 1.27 8.3 2.83 2.2

Production occupations

29.88 5.5 21.37 4.8 8.50 8.0 1.71 10.7 1.28 14.8 2.34 8.4 0.70 13.1 2.48 4.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

34.28 3.6 23.89 3.5 10.39 4.3 2.04 6.5 1.15 4.6 2.94 4.9 1.36 9.3 2.89 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

35.91 2.5 25.78 2.4 10.13 2.9 2.34 4.3 1.08 2.8 2.58 3.1 1.32 6.0 2.82 1.8

Management, professional, and related occupations

67.72 3.5 48.17 3.5 19.55 3.8 5.93 4.5 2.26 8.3 4.20 4.8 2.62 5.3 4.53 2.9

Management, business, and financial occupations

78.92 3.8 55.67 3.7 23.25 4.3 7.18 5.3 3.02 10.0 4.99 5.1 2.97 6.8 5.10 3.1

Professional and related occupations

56.85 4.0 40.90 4.0 15.96 4.6 4.72 5.3 1.53 8.2 3.43 5.2 2.29 8.3 3.98 3.5

Sales and office occupations

27.48 2.8 20.90 2.7 6.58 3.2 1.54 5.3 0.64 4.3 1.60 3.7 0.64 5.9 2.16 2.0

Sales and related occupations

26.15 3.5 20.40 3.3 5.75 4.3 1.35 7.9 0.59 5.9 1.20 4.1 0.52 9.1 2.09 2.4

Office and administrative support occupations

32.39 2.6 22.73 2.3 9.66 4.0 2.25 4.4 0.82 5.7 3.05 6.0 1.09 9.1 2.44 2.3

Service occupations

22.39 2.8 17.03 2.0 5.36 6.0 0.96 8.2 0.60 11.1 1.24 8.6 0.58 13.1 1.98 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

50.79 7.3 34.40 7.4 16.38 7.6 3.79 10.7 1.70 6.4 4.03 7.4 2.91 12.5 3.95 5.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

50.89 7.8 34.61 7.8 16.28 8.2 3.81 11.3 1.70 6.8 3.98 7.9 2.84 14.0 3.95 5.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

36.60 3.5 25.27 3.5 11.32 3.8 2.27 6.3 1.23 4.0 3.19 4.3 1.59 8.6 3.04 2.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

36.72 3.7 25.36 3.7 11.36 4.0 2.27 6.7 1.21 4.3 3.20 4.4 1.63 9.1 3.05 2.3

Wholesale trade industry

48.43 3.9 34.33 4.0 14.10 4.0 3.77 6.7 1.78 5.1 3.39 4.0 1.61 7.9 3.55 3.1

Sales and office occupations

49.49 7.7 36.20 8.1 13.28 6.9 3.74 11.5 1.31 9.4 3.23 5.9 1.54 13.1 3.46 6.3

Office and administrative support occupations

33.15 3.8 23.65 3.6 9.50 5.5 2.39 7.3 0.92 13.1 2.92 6.3 0.81 11.9 2.47 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

31.81 2.9 22.00 2.4 9.81 5.0 1.96 4.7 1.33 7.4 2.83 7.8 0.90 11.7 2.79 2.9

Transportation and material moving occupations

31.71 3.9 21.91 3.2 9.80 6.5 1.93 5.8 1.29 8.6 2.79 9.8 0.98 13.5 2.81 3.7

Retail trade industry

25.08 2.0 19.30 1.8 5.78 3.0 1.27 4.4 0.61 5.1 1.35 4.4 0.48 5.2 2.07 1.7

Sales and office occupations

21.97 1.3 17.37 1.2 4.60 2.2 0.97 3.1 0.48 5.4 1.00 4.9 0.32 5.0 1.83 1.0

Sales and related occupations

21.39 1.0 17.05 1.0 4.34 1.9 0.89 2.9 0.46 6.5 0.90 4.7 0.30 5.0 1.80 0.8

Office and administrative support occupations

27.71 3.6 20.55 2.9 7.16 6.1 1.76 8.0 0.68 13.1 2.02 9.0 0.58 11.5 2.12 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

23.65 1.3 17.47 1.0 6.18 2.7 1.18 4.0 0.70 6.0 1.66 3.6 0.60 5.9 2.05 1.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

23.36 1.3 17.27 1.0 6.09 2.7 1.15 4.0 0.70 5.8 1.63 3.7 0.59 6.2 2.02 1.1

Transportation and warehousing industry

47.45 5.7 32.02 5.8 15.43 6.1 3.26 9.5 1.49 6.5 4.36 6.2 2.55 11.2 3.77 3.9

Utilities industry

76.91 2.0 47.95 2.2 28.96 2.1 7.15 2.7 2.42 8.1 7.36 2.4 6.77 3.5 5.26 1.9

Information industry

74.85 3.5 48.25 3.4 26.60 4.3 7.66 4.8 3.65 8.6 6.67 3.6 3.94 14.3 4.67 2.9

Management, professional, and related occupations

92.94 4.5 60.84 4.5 32.11 5.0 10.18 4.5 5.03 12.8 7.55 4.3 3.64 5.4 5.70 3.2

Professional and related occupations

88.91 4.9 58.29 5.1 30.62 4.9 9.75 5.5 4.55 11.9 7.31 3.7 3.44 6.3 5.57 3.5

Sales and office occupations

49.88 6.6 32.43 7.0 17.44 8.6 4.39 7.7 1.96 11.9 5.37 9.5 (5)2.53 30.4 3.21 6.0

Financial activities industry

58.15 2.2 38.47 2.1 19.67 2.8 5.35 3.1 3.62 8.1 4.97 2.2 2.08 3.9 3.66 1.7

Management, professional, and related occupations

86.12 1.7 56.00 1.7 30.12 2.5 8.53 2.3 6.45 8.8 6.62 1.9 3.39 3.4 5.13 1.3

Management, business, and financial occupations

86.70 2.1 56.47 2.1 30.22 3.2 8.50 3.2 6.78 10.8 6.56 2.4 3.30 3.5 5.09 1.5

Professional and related occupations

84.17 3.4 54.41 3.2 29.76 3.8 8.65 3.8 5.34 7.2 6.83 2.5 3.70 5.9 5.24 2.6

Sales and office occupations

40.15 2.2 27.06 2.0 13.09 3.0 3.35 4.2 1.74 7.6 4.06 3.0 1.32 5.6 2.62 1.6

Sales and related occupations

49.97 7.0 35.30 6.9 14.67 8.2 4.21 11.1 2.21 18.7 3.35 10.0 1.71 13.9 3.20 5.3

Office and administrative support occupations

36.48 1.3 23.98 1.1 12.50 2.1 3.02 2.2 1.57 6.4 4.32 2.2 1.18 4.6 2.41 1.2

Finance and insurance industry

66.20 2.2 43.00 2.2 23.21 2.7 6.34 2.5 4.53 8.8 5.74 1.4 2.62 3.3 3.97 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities industry

60.36 2.8 39.50 3.0 20.86 2.8 5.90 2.9 3.56 8.3 5.38 1.3 2.35 3.9 3.68 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities industry

60.57 3.1 39.38 3.2 21.19 3.3 5.57 3.7 3.77 6.6 5.67 2.5 2.39 5.4 3.79 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing industry

37.07 4.6 26.64 4.2 10.43 6.4 2.74 8.2 1.22 14.6 2.96 7.3 0.68 13.1 2.82 4.2

Professional and business services industry

56.06 3.9 39.42 3.6 16.65 5.4 4.67 6.6 2.70 11.0 3.82 5.2 1.65 8.0 3.81 3.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

82.41 4.2 56.92 3.7 25.49 5.9 7.75 6.7 4.43 11.7 5.33 6.0 2.78 9.5 5.19 2.9

Management, business, and financial occupations

89.78 4.5 60.46 4.3 29.32 5.7 8.98 6.2 5.67 15.9 6.09 5.2 3.20 8.3 5.39 3.1

Professional and related occupations

77.57 4.9 54.59 4.4 22.97 7.5 6.95 8.8 3.62 13.4 4.84 8.0 2.51 12.0 5.06 3.7

Sales and office occupations

36.95 4.0 26.82 4.4 10.13 4.0 2.65 6.4 1.16 9.3 2.95 5.9 0.77 6.6 2.60 2.8

Office and administrative support occupations

32.31 2.4 23.05 2.3 9.26 3.9 2.27 5.1 1.16 9.4 2.88 5.8 0.65 7.5 2.30 2.2

Service occupations

26.14 5.8 19.89 5.8 6.25 8.2 1.17 10.8 0.88 16.9 1.70 13.0 0.22 15.7 2.28 5.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

27.32 5.0 19.94 4.1 7.39 8.0 1.23 13.1 1.26 15.0 2.14 8.8 0.43 21.3 2.32 4.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

27.05 4.2 19.79 3.6 7.27 7.7 1.13 12.0 1.21 16.5 2.21 9.8 (5)0.35 30.9 2.36 4.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services industry

72.68 5.1 50.32 4.6 22.36 6.8 6.66 6.4 3.82 14.7 4.83 5.9 2.44 9.7 4.60 4.0

Administrative and waste services industry

33.26 7.6 24.69 8.0 8.57 6.9 1.80 6.0 1.22 10.3 2.25 5.8 0.56 19.6 2.74 9.6

Education and health services industry

46.28 3.5 32.71 3.3 13.57 4.3 4.03 5.1 1.28 7.7 3.33 4.5 1.65 7.7 3.28 2.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

62.01 4.6 43.61 4.5 18.40 5.2 5.82 6.0 1.76 9.7 4.23 4.7 2.44 8.1 4.16 3.0

Management, business, and financial occupations

74.34 16.4 52.25 16.8 22.09 15.7 7.88 20.7 1.45 26.2 5.12 8.1 3.20 23.1 4.44 9.2

Professional and related occupations

60.44 4.0 42.52 4.0 17.93 4.8 5.55 5.6 1.80 9.4 4.12 4.8 2.34 7.3 4.12 2.9

Sales and office occupations

30.34 2.9 21.63 2.2 8.70 5.8 2.33 5.9 0.47 12.4 2.84 10.2 0.75 9.0 2.31 2.4

Office and administrative support occupations

30.30 2.9 21.61 2.2 8.69 5.8 2.33 6.0 0.47 12.5 2.84 10.3 0.75 9.1 2.31 2.4

Service occupations

26.04 3.7 18.67 3.1 7.37 5.8 1.66 6.2 0.82 7.3 2.01 7.9 0.70 16.6 2.18 3.3

Educational services industry

54.20 4.2 38.92 3.4 15.28 6.7 4.70 9.0 0.51 15.6 3.84 8.2 2.51 9.0 3.71 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

58.99 4.3 42.52 3.5 16.46 6.8 5.19 9.0 0.53 18.3 4.03 8.7 2.71 9.0 4.00 3.5

Management, business, and financial occupations

67.77 8.5 47.99 7.8 19.78 10.9 7.36 13.0 0.57 14.5 4.46 13.3 3.16 12.5 4.23 5.8

Professional and related occupations

56.99 4.0 41.28 3.6 15.71 6.3 4.70 8.7 0.52 22.1 3.93 8.4 2.61 9.3 3.94 3.5

Sales and office occupations

31.62 7.8 22.31 5.3 9.31 15.0 2.50 17.9 0.31 15.5 2.88 20.2 1.37 21.6 2.24 6.1

Office and administrative support occupations

31.60 8.0 22.29 5.4 9.31 15.1 2.51 18.1 0.31 15.7 2.88 20.3 1.38 21.7 2.24 6.2

Service occupations

32.58 11.4 22.91 12.6 9.67 14.0 2.22 16.8 0.41 22.4 2.81 17.2 1.60 25.6 2.63 17.0

Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professional schools industry

70.84 3.3 48.66 2.6 22.18 5.6 7.29 12.5 0.65 8.8 5.74 4.1 3.99 4.9 4.51 3.2

Health care and social assistance industry

45.16 4.0 31.84 3.8 13.32 4.9 3.93 5.8 1.38 8.1 3.25 5.0 1.53 9.3 3.22 2.5

Registered nurse occupations

73.49 3.5 48.82 3.2 24.68 4.7 7.37 6.1 3.40 7.5 5.40 2.9 3.41 9.8 5.09 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

62.70 5.5 43.86 5.5 18.84 6.1 5.96 7.0 2.03 10.3 4.27 5.4 2.38 9.9 4.19 3.6

Professional and related occupations

61.15 4.8 42.77 4.8 18.38 5.5 5.73 6.4 2.06 9.9 4.15 5.5 2.29 8.7 4.16 3.4

Sales and office occupations

30.20 3.2 21.56 2.4 8.64 6.3 2.31 6.3 0.49 13.5 2.84 11.1 0.68 10.0 2.32 2.6

Office and administrative support occupations

30.16 3.2 21.54 2.4 8.62 6.3 2.31 6.4 0.49 13.5 2.83 11.3 0.68 10.1 2.32 2.5

Service occupations

25.85 3.7 18.55 3.1 7.30 6.0 1.64 6.4 0.83 7.5 1.99 8.2 0.67 17.5 2.17 3.3

Hospitals industry

66.05 5.5 43.91 5.9 22.14 4.7 6.33 7.2 2.99 6.3 5.32 3.8 3.19 7.5 4.30 3.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

78.86 6.8 52.84 7.4 26.02 5.7 7.78 8.5 3.55 7.7 5.81 4.0 3.84 9.0 5.04 3.3

Registered nurse occupations

74.57 1.7 48.61 1.7 25.96 2.3 7.31 3.3 3.94 6.6 5.90 2.9 3.74 5.6 5.07 1.8

Service occupations

33.80 2.4 21.50 1.8 12.30 4.2 2.57 3.4 1.86 5.2 3.72 7.6 1.68 11.3 2.47 2.3

Nursing and residential care facilities industry

30.98 2.4 22.70 2.3 8.28 3.5 2.20 5.1 0.85 7.6 2.28 4.6 0.45 12.4 2.50 1.9

Management, professional, and related occupations

46.23 3.0 33.81 3.0 12.42 4.8 3.77 6.9 1.19 10.2 3.10 6.4 0.88 12.4 3.48 2.6

Service occupations

23.98 1.4 17.63 1.2 6.34 2.7 1.44 4.3 0.76 6.3 1.83 5.3 0.25 13.2 2.06 1.2

Nursing care facilities industry

33.02 2.8 24.33 2.7 8.69 4.6 2.26 5.6 0.95 13.6 2.44 5.5 0.42 14.6 2.63 2.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

46.72 3.6 35.02 3.0 11.70 6.9 3.39 8.1 1.26 18.3 2.82 7.6 0.63 18.4 3.60 3.2

Service occupations

25.31 2.7 18.33 2.4 6.98 4.2 1.59 4.9 0.87 9.3 2.11 6.6 0.30 13.7 2.11 2.9

Leisure and hospitality industry

19.42 2.8 15.81 2.4 3.61 6.0 0.63 12.7 0.29 10.6 0.65 12.9 0.22 15.8 1.84 2.3

Sales and office occupations

19.17 7.7 15.66 5.9 3.51 17.8 0.70 26.6 (5)0.27 32.2 0.81 28.5 (5)0.18 45.6 1.56 6.7

Service occupations

17.37 2.1 14.36 2.0 3.02 4.5 0.41 12.0 0.26 10.0 0.45 12.1 0.17 15.4 1.72 2.4

Accommodation and food services industry

17.81 2.3 14.60 2.0 3.21 5.2 0.49 10.8 0.29 12.0 0.53 12.6 0.17 12.3 1.74 2.5

Other services industry

38.94 7.2 28.83 6.7 10.11 9.2 2.85 12.1 0.56 16.6 2.29 12.3 1.52 23.7 2.89 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status [Dec. 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Union workers

56.80 3.3 34.41 3.4 22.39 3.4 4.06 5.5 2.37 5.3 7.00 2.1 4.79 6.9 4.16 2.7

Goods-producing industries(3)

57.25 2.9 33.48 2.4 23.76 4.4 3.14 5.6 3.24 9.5 8.00 4.0 5.05 9.8 4.35 2.9

Manufacturing industry

49.69 3.6 28.33 2.8 21.36 5.1 3.44 5.4 3.89 9.4 7.79 5.0 2.60 10.4 3.65 3.0

Service-providing industries(4)

56.60 4.7 34.83 4.8 21.77 4.8 4.48 7.0 1.99 6.8 6.56 2.4 4.68 9.1 4.07 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

55.94 6.0 34.86 6.5 21.08 5.5 4.08 8.2 1.84 6.5 6.33 3.9 4.75 8.8 4.09 3.6

Retail trade industry

27.20 1.5 17.46 1.7 9.73 2.0 1.58 3.9 0.73 5.6 3.37 4.3 1.87 4.6 2.19 1.8

Transportation and warehousing industry

65.62 8.3 41.26 8.8 24.36 7.6 4.87 11.2 2.17 10.1 7.06 5.0 5.57 11.5 4.69 4.8

Education and health services industry

66.41 7.4 40.81 7.3 25.60 7.8 6.24 11.2 2.69 13.9 7.19 4.2 4.90 12.4 4.58 7.1

Health care and social assistance industry

66.26 8.0 40.45 8.0 25.81 8.4 6.31 12.0 2.90 13.8 7.11 4.4 4.91 13.5 4.59 7.7

Nonunion workers

41.86 1.4 29.96 1.2 11.90 2.0 3.18 2.4 1.65 4.2 2.79 2.2 1.20 3.3 3.08 0.9

Goods-producing industries(3)

42.43 1.6 29.72 1.5 12.71 2.0 2.77 2.9 2.21 4.0 3.11 2.5 1.22 4.1 3.40 1.1

Manufacturing industries

42.63 2.0 29.02 1.8 13.62 2.6 3.18 3.4 2.37 3.9 3.55 2.7 1.37 5.6 3.16 1.5

Service-providing industries(4)

41.76 1.6 30.01 1.4 11.75 2.3 3.26 2.7 1.55 5.2 2.73 2.6 1.19 3.9 3.02 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities industries

33.06 2.4 24.49 2.3 8.58 2.8 2.09 4.7 0.97 3.3 2.04 3.0 0.83 5.1 2.64 1.7

Retail trade industries

24.95 2.1 19.41 1.9 5.54 3.1 1.25 4.7 0.60 5.4 1.23 4.8 0.40 5.6 2.06 1.8

Transportation and warehousing industries

38.21 8.0 27.32 8.7 10.90 6.9 2.45 15.8 1.15 7.2 2.99 8.3 1.02 11.7 3.30 4.9

Education and health services industries

44.62 3.7 32.05 3.5 12.57 4.7 3.85 5.6 1.16 8.6 3.01 5.3 1.39 8.9 3.18 2.2

Health care and social assistance industries

43.35 4.3 31.10 4.1 12.25 5.4 3.73 6.4 1.25 9.1 2.92 6.0 1.24 10.9 3.11 2.5

Full-time workers

49.25 1.4 33.89 1.4 15.36 1.7 4.00 2.1 2.10 3.8 3.94 1.6 1.85 2.7 3.47 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

74.16 2.3 50.65 2.2 23.51 2.7 7.15 2.8 3.41 6.3 5.35 2.5 2.91 3.9 4.70 1.6

Management, business, and financial occupations

82.59 2.7 56.06 2.6 26.53 3.2 8.04 3.7 4.47 8.3 5.78 2.9 3.18 4.8 5.06 1.6

Professional and related occupations

68.64 2.7 47.10 2.6 21.54 3.2 6.57 3.4 2.71 7.2 5.07 2.8 2.73 4.3 4.46 2.0

Sales and office occupations

37.47 1.8 26.44 1.9 11.03 1.7 2.83 2.4 1.19 3.6 3.30 2.0 1.07 4.2 2.63 1.5

Sales and related occupations

43.16 3.8 31.87 3.9 11.29 3.8 3.15 5.6 1.30 7.1 2.70 3.1 1.14 6.3 3.00 3.0

Office and administrative support occupations

34.40 1.2 23.52 1.0 10.88 2.0 2.66 1.9 1.13 4.0 3.62 2.6 1.04 6.0 2.43 1.1

Service occupations

25.57 2.1 18.74 1.9 6.83 3.3 1.45 4.4 0.80 5.0 1.93 4.7 0.53 8.3 2.11 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

45.29 1.6 30.64 1.4 14.65 3.0 2.46 3.0 1.83 4.4 3.80 3.6 2.68 9.4 3.88 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

43.62 3.1 29.78 2.3 13.84 5.1 1.71 5.0 1.79 4.8 3.60 6.0 2.67 11.5 4.06 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

47.07 2.5 31.55 2.5 15.52 4.1 3.27 3.3 1.87 5.9 4.01 4.3 2.68 14.3 3.69 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

37.06 2.2 24.92 2.3 12.14 2.5 2.34 3.6 1.84 3.7 3.67 2.8 1.33 6.1 2.97 1.5

Production occupations

34.87 2.1 23.05 1.8 11.82 3.1 2.19 2.9 2.23 5.3 3.71 3.9 0.93 5.4 2.76 1.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

38.86 3.6 26.45 3.7 12.41 3.9 2.46 6.2 1.51 4.2 3.64 4.0 1.65 9.0 3.14 2.3

Industry group

Goods-producing industries(3)

45.33 1.6 30.59 1.4 14.73 2.0 2.89 2.9 2.42 3.9 3.98 2.8 1.87 4.3 3.57 1.5

Construction industry

47.23 2.5 33.01 2.4 14.21 3.0 2.29 5.1 1.96 9.2 3.52 4.3 2.35 8.1 4.09 2.3

Manufacturing industry

44.21 1.9 29.19 1.6 15.01 2.8 3.28 3.3 2.64 3.9 4.26 3.3 1.58 6.0 3.26 1.6

Service-providing industries(4)

50.30 1.7 34.77 1.7 15.53 2.1 4.30 2.4 2.01 4.9 3.93 1.8 1.85 3.2 3.44 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

43.98 2.6 30.76 2.7 13.22 2.7 3.25 4.0 1.43 3.1 3.48 2.8 1.80 5.7 3.26 1.8

Information industry

78.90 3.5 50.58 3.5 28.33 4.1 8.18 4.6 3.88 9.3 7.15 3.4 4.22 13.9 4.89 2.9

Financial activities industry

60.13 2.0 39.56 1.9 20.57 2.6 5.61 2.7 3.81 8.0 5.22 2.1 2.18 3.6 3.74 1.6

Professional and business services industry

59.18 4.4 41.07 4.0 18.11 5.5 5.17 6.3 2.92 11.3 4.27 4.8 1.85 7.5 3.91 3.2

Education and health services industry

48.99 3.6 33.87 3.6 15.12 3.9 4.50 4.7 1.40 7.5 4.02 3.5 1.88 7.3 3.33 2.2

Leisure and hospitality industry

25.19 3.0 19.35 2.7 5.84 5.7 1.24 10.9 0.53 9.0 1.49 8.4 0.45 15.4 2.13 3.1

Other services industry

46.04 7.6 33.17 7.2 12.87 9.2 3.77 12.2 0.71 16.3 3.08 11.5 2.05 24.0 3.25 4.3

Part-time workers

23.87 3.1 19.20 3.2 4.67 4.2 0.93 8.3 0.49 8.3 0.63 8.1 0.39 9.8 2.22 2.8

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

54.18 6.7 42.09 6.6 12.09 9.7 3.55 14.7 1.56 11.7 1.37 16.4 1.31 17.8 4.29 7.1

Professional and related occupations

55.26 7.0 42.88 6.9 12.38 10.1 3.64 15.4 1.61 11.6 1.40 16.9 1.35 18.7 4.38 7.3

Sales and office occupations

19.20 1.2 16.05 1.0 3.15 3.0 0.51 5.9 0.29 11.0 0.40 12.8 0.20 7.6 1.75 1.1

Sales and related occupations

17.65 1.1 14.91 1.0 2.74 2.3 0.38 5.0 0.25 12.7 0.28 9.4 0.18 8.5 1.64 0.9

Office and administrative support occupations

22.78 2.9 18.68 2.3 4.10 7.1 0.80 10.3 0.38 19.0 0.68 20.7 0.24 13.3 2.01 2.6

Service occupations

17.44 2.3 14.57 2.3 2.87 4.1 0.38 9.6 0.24 14.1 0.28 14.3 0.17 17.6 1.80 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

23.60 3.4 17.65 2.3 5.95 6.9 0.99 8.0 0.61 8.4 1.42 12.7 0.57 17.3 2.35 3.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

23.91 3.4 17.82 2.4 6.09 6.9 1.03 7.9 0.59 9.1 1.48 12.6 0.61 16.8 2.38 3.4

Industry group

Service-providing industries(4)

23.82 3.2 19.16 3.3 4.66 4.3 0.94 8.4 0.48 8.6 0.63 8.3 0.39 9.8 2.21 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

21.14 2.4 16.66 1.6 4.48 5.8 0.68 7.2 0.44 8.5 0.92 10.7 0.43 13.3 2.00 2.5

Professional and business services industry

32.60 17.7 26.99 18.7 5.61 14.4 0.91 24.5 1.07 25.0 (5)0.39 31.0 0.20 29.2 3.05 18.9

Education and health services industry

37.90 8.1 29.15 7.6 8.76 10.6 2.57 14.8 0.90 13.4 1.17 14.8 0.97 15.5 3.15 6.6

Leisure and hospitality industry

15.60 2.8 13.46 2.9 2.14 3.1 0.21 12.6 0.13 22.3 0.09 20.1 0.07 15.4 1.65 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry group [Dec. 2023]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

All workers

43.11 1.3 30.33 1.2 12.77 1.8 3.26 2.2 1.71 3.8 3.14 1.9 1.50 2.7 3.17 0.9

1-99 workers

34.71 1.3 25.80 1.3 8.90 1.9 2.17 2.6 1.01 4.8 2.12 2.9 0.84 6.1 2.76 1.0

1-49 workers

33.98 1.7 25.53 1.6 8.45 2.6 2.07 3.4 0.93 7.2 1.96 3.6 0.76 7.3 2.73 1.3

50-99 workers

36.99 3.2 26.67 3.1 10.32 4.0 2.48 5.2 1.25 7.1 2.61 4.3 1.12 11.1 2.87 2.3

100 workers or more

52.95 1.9 35.64 1.9 17.30 2.3 4.53 2.8 2.53 4.1 4.34 2.2 2.26 3.7 3.64 1.4

100-499 workers

45.32 2.7 31.54 2.7 13.78 2.9 3.65 4.3 1.76 4.8 3.54 2.6 1.61 5.7 3.22 1.8

500 workers or more

62.73 2.3 40.90 2.5 21.82 2.7 5.67 3.4 3.51 4.9 5.36 2.7 3.10 4.7 4.19 2.1

Goods-producing industries(3)

44.75 1.5 30.31 1.4 14.44 2.0 2.82 2.8 2.37 3.9 3.88 2.8 1.82 4.3 3.55 1.4

1-99 workers

39.09 2.1 28.22 1.6 10.87 3.5 1.96 3.1 1.57 7.4 2.63 4.8 1.28 13.3 3.43 2.0

1-49 workers

38.26 3.0 27.94 2.4 10.32 5.3 1.83 4.5 1.42 13.6 2.38 5.7 1.22 19.8 3.46 2.6

50-99 workers

41.00 3.1 28.87 2.5 12.13 5.2 2.27 6.7 1.91 7.2 3.21 8.5 1.40 12.2 3.35 2.7

100 workers or more

49.60 2.3 32.10 2.1 17.51 3.0 3.56 4.0 3.07 3.8 4.94 3.4 2.28 6.9 3.65 2.0

100-499 workers

45.30 2.3 30.39 2.3 14.91 2.7 3.09 4.2 2.22 3.1 4.25 3.3 1.87 8.0 3.47 2.3

500 workers or more

55.63 3.5 34.49 3.2 21.14 4.4 4.22 6.2 4.25 4.9 5.91 4.6 2.86 10.1 3.90 3.2

Manufacturing industry

43.68 1.9 28.91 1.6 14.76 2.7 3.22 3.2 2.60 3.9 4.17 3.3 1.55 6.0 3.23 1.5

1-99 workers

34.90 2.5 25.22 2.1 9.68 3.9 2.22 3.3 1.28 7.2 2.70 6.8 0.62 11.2 2.87 1.9

1-49 workers

32.92 3.2 24.25 3.0 8.67 4.6 2.06 6.2 1.02 9.0 2.32 7.7 0.49 12.9 2.78 2.7

50-99 workers

37.98 4.9 26.73 4.2 11.26 7.3 2.45 7.7 1.67 9.9 3.29 9.8 0.83 18.6 3.01 3.7

100 workers or more

48.27 2.4 30.85 2.2 17.43 3.1 3.74 4.1 3.29 4.1 4.94 3.4 2.03 6.7 3.42 2.2

100-499 workers

42.13 2.0 28.13 2.1 14.00 2.3 3.17 3.4 2.25 4.4 4.01 2.6 1.43 7.1 3.13 1.6

500 workers or more

55.21 3.5 33.92 3.4 21.29 4.1 4.38 6.3 4.45 5.0 6.00 4.5 2.71 8.3 3.75 3.6

Service-providing industries(4)

42.78 1.6 30.34 1.4 12.44 2.1 3.34 2.5 1.58 4.8 2.99 2.2 1.43 3.2 3.09 1.1

1-99 workers

33.99 1.5 25.41 1.4 8.58 2.1 2.20 2.9 0.92 5.7 2.03 3.3 0.77 6.8 2.65 1.1

1-49 workers

33.34 1.9 25.17 1.8 8.17 2.8 2.11 3.8 0.86 8.2 1.90 4.1 0.69 7.5 2.62 1.4

50-99 workers

36.13 3.9 26.20 3.7 9.93 4.9 2.52 6.1 1.11 9.0 2.48 4.9 1.06 13.8 2.77 2.7

100 workers or more

53.74 2.3 36.49 2.3 17.25 2.7 4.76 3.3 2.40 5.3 4.19 2.5 2.26 4.2 3.64 1.7

100-499 workers

45.32 3.3 31.83 3.3 13.50 3.7 3.78 5.0 1.65 6.3 3.36 3.2 1.55 7.2 3.16 2.2

500 workers or more

64.32 2.7 42.34 2.9 21.98 3.1 5.99 3.8 3.34 6.2 5.24 3.0 3.15 5.2 4.25 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

35.91 2.5 25.78 2.4 10.13 2.9 2.34 4.3 1.08 2.8 2.58 3.1 1.32 6.0 2.82 1.8

1-99 workers

32.21 3.6 24.36 3.3 7.85 4.5 1.87 6.9 0.75 5.6 1.91 4.8 0.70 8.3 2.62 2.7

1-49 workers

31.77 4.3 24.37 4.0 7.40 5.3 1.79 9.0 0.69 8.5 1.72 5.2 0.61 8.7 2.58 3.2

50-99 workers

33.74 4.2 24.34 3.7 9.40 6.0 2.13 7.3 0.94 9.6 2.55 9.1 1.03 13.8 2.75 3.7

100 workers or more

40.13 3.3 27.40 3.1 12.74 4.1 2.88 5.4 1.46 4.9 3.33 4.2 2.01 7.8 3.05 2.1

100-499 workers

33.69 3.1 23.79 2.9 9.90 3.9 2.24 6.0 1.18 5.7 2.62 4.1 1.20 6.9 2.66 2.0

500 workers or more

55.12 5.2 35.79 5.4 19.33 5.1 4.36 7.1 2.12 5.9 5.00 4.3 3.90 9.2 3.95 3.5

Wholesale trade industry

48.43 3.9 34.33 4.0 14.10 4.0 3.77 6.7 1.78 5.1 3.39 4.0 1.61 7.9 3.55 3.1

1-99 workers

45.36 3.8 32.82 3.5 12.54 4.8 3.29 6.3 1.47 7.4 3.09 5.5 1.27 7.1 3.42 3.2

1-49 workers

45.07 4.5 33.07 4.3 12.01 5.6 3.15 7.1 1.34 10.9 2.90 6.4 1.22 7.8 3.40 3.6

100 workers or more

54.14 8.2 37.14 8.5 17.00 7.8 4.64 12.6 2.37 10.2 3.96 4.9 2.24 14.4 3.77 6.3

100-499 workers

52.06 9.6 36.28 9.6 15.79 9.7 4.29 14.9 2.10 13.1 3.71 6.1 1.98 15.5 3.70 7.1

Retail trade industry

25.08 2.0 19.30 1.8 5.78 3.0 1.27 4.4 0.61 5.1 1.35 4.4 0.48 5.2 2.07 1.7

1-99 workers

24.27 2.8 19.35 2.6 4.92 4.3 1.09 6.5 0.40 9.9 1.05 8.2 0.32 8.5 2.05 2.2

1-49 workers

24.06 3.5 19.31 3.0 4.75 5.7 1.06 7.8 0.39 12.4 0.99 10.9 0.28 12.0 2.03 2.7

50-99 workers

25.09 3.8 19.53 3.8 5.55 4.9 1.24 7.1 0.42 9.6 1.27 8.1 0.50 12.6 2.13 3.8

100 workers or more

26.25 2.1 19.22 1.8 7.03 2.8 1.52 4.2 0.92 5.1 1.79 2.8 0.71 4.9 2.09 1.8

100-499 workers

25.74 1.6 18.89 1.5 6.84 2.1 1.46 3.3 0.87 3.5 1.77 2.7 0.69 4.6 2.06 1.4

Transportation and warehousing industry

47.45 5.7 32.02 5.8 15.43 6.1 3.26 9.5 1.49 6.5 4.36 6.2 2.55 11.2 3.77 3.9

1-99 workers

41.29 14.7 30.13 15.4 11.16 13.5 2.44 29.5 0.95 8.1 3.24 11.9 1.00 24.3 3.51 9.5

1-49 workers

41.89 21.0 31.54 21.7 10.35 19.5 (5)2.50 44.7 0.81 16.1 2.72 13.0 (5)0.76 31.5 3.57 13.0

100 workers or more

50.33 6.5 32.90 6.2 17.43 7.3 3.65 9.5 1.74 7.6 4.88 7.0 3.28 12.4 3.88 4.0

100-499 workers

39.21 6.5 26.49 5.7 12.72 8.7 2.57 11.8 1.29 9.4 3.84 10.6 1.62 19.0 3.40 4.0

Information industry

74.85 3.5 48.25 3.4 26.60 4.3 7.66 4.8 3.65 8.6 6.67 3.6 3.94 14.3 4.67 2.9

1-99 workers

56.34 7.4 37.33 5.1 19.00 12.9 5.07 10.4 1.76 12.5 5.10 5.2 (5)3.28 44.3 3.79 5.7

100 workers or more

93.27 4.9 59.12 4.9 34.15 5.5 10.23 5.4 5.53 9.8 8.23 3.9 4.60 13.2 5.55 4.0

100-499 workers

74.94 7.3 48.51 8.3 26.42 6.8 7.70 8.6 3.47 9.3 7.10 6.2 3.55 21.5 4.60 6.7

500 workers or more

108.34 5.7 67.84 5.9 40.50 6.8 12.31 6.0 7.23 11.7 9.17 4.7 5.46 17.4 6.34 4.5

Financial activities industry

58.15 2.2 38.47 2.1 19.67 2.8 5.35 3.1 3.62 8.1 4.97 2.2 2.08 3.9 3.66 1.7

1-99 workers

48.40 3.6 33.43 3.4 14.98 5.0 4.16 5.3 2.25 16.8 4.02 4.1 1.34 7.1 3.21 2.8

1-49 workers

46.38 3.7 32.27 3.3 14.11 5.4 3.88 5.4 2.14 19.8 3.76 5.0 1.21 8.7 3.12 2.7

100 workers or more

71.83 2.5 45.56 2.2 26.27 3.3 7.02 3.1 5.54 8.9 6.31 2.6 3.12 4.3 4.28 1.9

100-499 workers

65.61 5.0 42.14 4.3 23.47 7.1 6.17 6.3 4.98 21.6 5.77 5.0 2.61 8.1 3.94 3.8

500 workers or more

75.78 2.5 47.73 2.4 28.05 2.9 7.56 2.6 5.90 6.8 6.65 2.8 3.45 3.9 4.50 1.8

Professional and business services industry

56.06 3.9 39.42 3.6 16.65 5.4 4.67 6.6 2.70 11.0 3.82 5.2 1.65 8.0 3.81 3.1

1-99 workers

47.99 2.8 34.99 2.6 13.00 4.1 3.47 4.8 1.93 14.2 3.00 6.5 1.10 7.9 3.51 2.3

1-49 workers

46.15 3.9 33.80 3.6 12.35 5.7 3.23 6.6 1.83 20.6 2.85 8.6 0.99 9.5 3.45 3.5

50-99 workers

53.09 9.4 38.28 9.0 14.81 11.2 4.12 13.0 2.20 21.8 3.41 10.7 1.40 21.8 3.67 7.5

100 workers or more

63.20 5.6 43.33 5.3 19.87 7.1 5.74 8.8 3.38 12.6 4.54 5.4 2.14 11.0 4.07 4.7

100-499 workers

57.67 6.0 40.30 5.9 17.36 6.7 5.21 9.3 2.39 12.3 4.32 4.8 1.74 13.0 3.70 5.1

500 workers or more

69.34 6.7 46.69 7.1 22.65 8.6 6.32 11.2 4.48 14.6 4.79 7.9 2.58 13.6 4.47 6.6

Education and health services industry

46.28 3.5 32.71 3.3 13.57 4.3 4.03 5.1 1.28 7.7 3.33 4.5 1.65 7.7 3.28 2.2

1-99 workers

32.86 4.3 24.87 3.8 7.99 6.9 2.32 7.3 0.49 12.3 1.98 11.5 0.64 18.3 2.56 3.4

1-49 workers

31.70 5.2 24.28 4.5 7.42 8.8 2.14 9.9 0.44 16.7 1.76 14.7 0.56 24.6 2.51 4.1

50-99 workers

37.56 8.5 27.29 8.3 10.27 9.3 3.02 12.1 0.71 19.6 2.88 6.6 0.93 19.4 2.75 7.1

100 workers or more

57.96 4.8 39.54 4.9 18.42 4.9 5.52 6.3 1.96 7.0 4.49 4.3 2.54 7.1 3.92 3.5

100-499 workers

51.47 10.8 36.71 10.8 14.76 11.5 4.70 14.0 1.25 14.4 3.53 10.0 1.77 23.1 3.50 6.4

500 workers or more

63.06 3.6 41.76 3.5 21.30 4.1 6.16 5.2 2.51 8.3 5.25 3.0 3.14 6.4 4.24 3.7

Educational services industry

54.20 4.2 38.92 3.4 15.28 6.7 4.70 9.0 0.51 15.6 3.84 8.2 2.51 9.0 3.71 3.5

1-99 workers

39.58 7.9 30.80 6.2 8.78 14.8 2.15 17.0 (5)0.38 40.7 2.01 25.4 1.23 21.9 3.00 6.6

100 workers or more

65.00 3.2 44.92 3.0 20.08 4.0 6.59 7.6 0.60 9.8 5.20 4.7 3.45 6.7 4.24 2.4

100-499 workers

50.43 6.8 36.37 5.7 14.06 11.6 4.59 18.4 (5)0.22 33.5 3.79 12.8 1.81 27.0 3.64 6.6

500 workers or more

75.66 4.2 51.17 3.8 24.49 5.8 8.05 13.7 0.87 8.7 6.23 2.9 4.65 4.5 4.68 4.2

Health care and social assistance industry

45.16 4.0 31.84 3.8 13.32 4.9 3.93 5.8 1.38 8.1 3.25 5.0 1.53 9.3 3.22 2.5

1-99 workers

32.01 4.9 24.12 4.4 7.89 7.6 2.34 7.9 0.51 12.9 1.98 12.5 0.56 23.3 2.50 3.7

1-49 workers

31.02 6.0 23.63 5.3 7.39 9.8 2.19 10.6 0.44 17.9 1.79 15.8 (5)0.51 30.7 2.46 4.7

50-99 workers

35.93 9.7 26.06 9.5 9.87 10.7 2.94 13.5 0.75 20.1 2.75 7.6 0.76 23.9 2.66 8.0

100 workers or more

56.89 5.6 38.71 5.8 18.17 5.7 5.35 7.4 2.16 7.2 4.39 5.0 2.40 8.6 3.87 4.0

100-499 workers

51.63 12.3 36.76 12.4 14.87 13.0 4.72 15.7 1.40 14.5 3.49 11.4 1.77 26.2 3.48 7.4

500 workers or more

61.06 4.2 40.27 4.1 20.80 4.8 5.86 5.7 2.77 8.5 5.09 3.5 2.90 8.0 4.17 4.3

Leisure and hospitality industry

19.42 2.8 15.81 2.4 3.61 6.0 0.63 12.7 0.29 10.6 0.65 12.9 0.22 15.8 1.84 2.3

1-99 workers

17.64 2.4 14.70 2.1 2.94 5.7 0.38 12.4 0.24 12.9 0.47 17.6 0.11 16.9 1.75 2.2

1-49 workers

17.80 2.9 14.92 2.5 2.88 5.9 0.40 10.4 0.22 13.0 0.43 19.0 0.10 24.0 1.73 2.9

50-99 workers

17.25 3.4 14.17 3.2 3.08 9.0 0.34 24.6 0.27 19.2 0.56 25.6 0.13 19.7 1.77 4.3

100 workers or more

25.80 5.7 19.77 5.7 6.04 6.9 1.50 12.8 0.46 13.7 1.28 10.1 0.62 16.7 2.18 5.6

100-499 workers

24.19 7.4 18.83 7.5 5.37 9.6 1.32 17.8 0.46 15.2 1.05 14.5 0.47 18.9 2.06 7.9

500 workers or more

29.80 8.3 22.09 8.3 7.71 9.4 1.95 17.2 (5)0.47 31.4 1.84 13.3 1.00 25.5 2.46 7.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division [Dec. 2023]
Area(1) Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3)

Northeast

52.32 3.2 36.11 3.1 16.21 4.1 4.31 5.5 2.03 9.6 3.97 5.3 2.11 5.7 3.80 2.0

New England

51.73 3.4 35.15 3.7 16.58 3.6 4.24 6.9 2.71 18.0 4.04 6.6 1.96 8.4 3.64 2.9

Middle Atlantic

52.53 4.3 36.44 4.0 16.09 5.7 4.34 7.5 1.79 11.4 3.94 6.9 2.16 7.1 3.86 2.4

South

38.48 1.8 27.64 1.5 10.83 2.9 2.83 2.9 1.45 6.0 2.61 3.2 1.17 5.3 2.77 1.6

South Atlantic

40.34 1.6 28.91 1.4 11.43 2.6 3.10 2.8 1.43 4.4 2.73 4.1 1.25 6.7 2.92 1.5

East South Central

31.82 4.6 22.92 4.2 8.89 5.9 2.06 6.7 1.26 9.3 2.46 4.7 0.81 13.3 2.32 4.0

West South Central

38.33 4.6 27.63 3.5 10.70 7.7 2.73 7.2 1.59 16.1 2.47 7.2 1.19 9.8 2.72 3.9

Midwest

40.81 3.0 28.26 2.6 12.54 4.0 2.94 5.7 1.87 7.1 3.33 3.5 1.46 6.3 2.94 2.2

East North Central

41.90 3.9 29.01 3.5 12.89 5.0 3.05 7.2 1.94 8.4 3.31 3.9 1.60 7.7 3.00 2.8

West North Central

38.45 4.0 26.65 3.2 11.80 6.0 2.71 8.2 1.71 12.5 3.37 7.3 1.17 8.5 2.83 3.0

West

45.15 3.0 31.95 2.8 13.20 3.5 3.39 4.4 1.68 7.9 3.09 3.3 1.55 5.3 3.49 1.9

Mountain

37.88 2.6 27.24 2.2 10.64 3.7 2.62 5.4 1.41 5.4 2.59 3.8 1.15 12.0 2.87 2.2

Pacific

49.03 3.8 34.46 3.7 14.57 4.3 3.80 5.4 1.82 10.7 3.36 4.2 1.76 5.3 3.83 2.3

Footnotes
(1) The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.

 

Last Modified Date: March 13, 2024