From September 2022 to December 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Arizona were 180,777, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 166,560, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 14,217 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 62,054. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.7 percent of private-sector employment in Arizona; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Arizona, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 131,674 in the fourth quarter of 2022, a decrease of 22,775 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 49,103 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2022, a decrease of 6,630 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 6.1 percent of private-sector employment in Arizona; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Arizona, contracting establishments lost 125,488 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2022, an increase of 17,940 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 41,072 jobs, an increase of 492 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 7 of the 11 industry sectors in Arizona in the fourth quarter of 2022. Construction had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 5,068 jobs. This was the result of 18,072 gross job gains and 13,004 gross job losses. Leisure and hospitality had a net job increase of 4,012, followed by the transportation and warehousing industry with a net gain of 3,262 jobs. Financial activities showed a net loss of 5,695 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2023 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 25, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Arizona, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	176,081	177,728	176,676	210,182	180,777	6.8	6.8	6.7	7.9	6.7
At expanding establishments	142,515	142,152	139,323	154,449	131,674	5.5	5.4	5.3	5.8	4.9
At opening establishments	33,566	35,576	37,353	55,733	49,103	1.3	1.4	1.4	2.1	1.8
Gross job losses	129,874	149,379	192,227	148,128	166,560	5.0	5.7	7.3	5.5	6.1
At contracting establishments	106,090	112,482	136,847	107,548	125,488	4.1	4.3	5.2	4.0	4.6
At closing establishments	23,784	36,897	55,380	40,580	41,072	0.9	1.4	2.1	1.5	1.5
Net employment change (2)	46,207	28,349	-15,551	62,054	14,217	1.8	1.1	-0.6	2.4	0.6
Construction
Gross job gains	15,485	16,055	18,684	15,523	18,072	8.5	8.5	9.6	8.0	9.1
At expanding establishments	13,170	13,682	16,310	13,002	15,006	7.2	7.2	8.4	6.7	7.6
At opening establishments	2,315	2,373	2,374	2,521	3,066	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.5
Gross job losses	9,753	11,345	13,411	13,083	13,004	5.3	6.0	6.9	6.8	6.6
At contracting establishments	7,892	8,354	10,060	9,403	9,459	4.3	4.4	5.2	4.9	4.8
At closing establishments	1,861	2,991	3,351	3,680	3,545	1.0	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.8
Net employment change (2)	5,732	4,710	5,273	2,440	5,068	3.2	2.5	2.7	1.2	2.5
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	8,599	7,778	8,790	10,739	7,657	4.7	4.1	4.6	5.5	3.9
At expanding establishments	7,674	7,024	7,779	8,752	7,289	4.2	3.7	4.1	4.5	3.7
At opening establishments	925	754	1,011	1,987	368	0.5	0.4	0.5	1.0	0.2
Gross job losses	4,654	5,964	8,310	6,087	6,862	2.5	3.2	4.4	3.2	3.5
At contracting establishments	3,936	4,271	6,404	4,633	5,269	2.1	2.3	3.4	2.4	2.7
At closing establishments	718	1,693	1,906	1,454	1,593	0.4	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	3,945	1,814	480	4,652	795	2.2	0.9	0.2	2.3	0.4
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	6,359	6,493	7,736	8,701	6,330	6.2	6.2	7.2	8.0	5.7
At expanding establishments	4,723	5,194	6,432	5,803	4,405	4.6	5.0	6.0	5.3	4.0
At opening establishments	1,636	1,299	1,304	2,898	1,925	1.6	1.2	1.2	2.7	1.7
Gross job losses	4,458	4,512	6,246	5,863	5,476	4.3	4.3	5.9	5.3	5.0
At contracting establishments	3,514	3,067	3,490	3,862	3,836	3.4	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.5
At closing establishments	944	1,445	2,756	2,001	1,640	0.9	1.4	2.6	1.8	1.5
Net employment change (2)	1,901	1,981	1,490	2,838	854	1.9	1.9	1.3	2.7	0.7
Retail trade
Gross job gains	18,013	18,826	15,027	20,228	14,858	5.3	5.4	4.3	5.9	4.3
At expanding establishments	16,094	16,928	13,528	17,202	13,167	4.7	4.9	3.9	5.0	3.8
At opening establishments	1,919	1,898	1,499	3,026	1,691	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.9	0.5
Gross job losses	17,260	14,938	24,173	16,626	18,980	5.0	4.3	7.1	4.9	5.6
At contracting establishments	14,826	13,130	18,492	14,655	16,709	4.3	3.8	5.4	4.3	4.9
At closing establishments	2,434	1,808	5,681	1,971	2,271	0.7	0.5	1.7	0.6	0.7
Net employment change (2)	753	3,888	-9,146	3,602	-4,122	0.3	1.1	-2.8	1.0	-1.3
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	11,538	8,312	6,438	7,651	9,327	8.6	6.1	4.8	5.8	6.9
At expanding establishments	10,121	7,662	4,829	5,708	7,712	7.5	5.6	3.6	4.3	5.7
At opening establishments	1,417	650	1,609	1,943	1,615	1.1	0.5	1.2	1.5	1.2
Gross job losses	4,356	7,442	12,235	7,033	6,065	3.3	5.5	9.1	5.3	4.6
At contracting establishments	3,875	6,662	10,178	5,570	4,775	2.9	4.9	7.6	4.2	3.6
At closing establishments	481	780	2,057	1,463	1,290	0.4	0.6	1.5	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	7,182	870	-5,797	618	3,262	5.3	0.6	-4.3	0.5	2.3
Information
Gross job gains	4,647	3,561	3,156	3,444	2,700	9.4	7.0	6.2	6.7	5.3
At expanding establishments	3,666	3,136	2,632	2,474	2,204	7.4	6.2	5.2	4.8	4.3
At opening establishments	981	425	524	970	496	2.0	0.8	1.0	1.9	1.0
Gross job losses	2,623	3,256	3,425	3,116	3,588	5.3	6.4	6.8	6.1	7.1
At contracting establishments	2,087	2,434	2,383	1,974	2,331	4.2	4.8	4.7	3.9	4.6
At closing establishments	536	822	1,042	1,142	1,257	1.1	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.5
Net employment change (2)	2,024	305	-269	328	-888	4.1	0.6	-0.6	0.6	-1.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	11,883	15,010	10,892	13,244	11,299	5.1	6.4	4.6	5.6	4.9
At expanding establishments	8,409	12,471	8,733	9,913	8,284	3.6	5.3	3.7	4.2	3.6
At opening establishments	3,474	2,539	2,159	3,331	3,015	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.3
Gross job losses	9,313	14,654	15,932	13,408	16,994	4.0	6.2	6.8	5.8	7.3
At contracting establishments	7,255	10,925	10,975	9,306	13,461	3.1	4.6	4.7	4.0	5.8
At closing establishments	2,058	3,729	4,957	4,102	3,533	0.9	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.5
Net employment change (2)	2,570	356	-5,040	-164	-5,695	1.1	0.2	-2.2	-0.2	-2.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	37,828	33,848	34,197	45,307	31,903	8.2	7.4	7.4	9.8	6.8
At expanding establishments	29,410	26,710	27,615	32,892	24,528	6.4	5.8	6.0	7.1	5.2
At opening establishments	8,418	7,138	6,582	12,415	7,375	1.8	1.6	1.4	2.7	1.6
Gross job losses	26,141	31,371	42,066	30,245	35,508	5.8	6.8	9.1	6.5	7.5
At contracting establishments	20,431	23,632	29,641	21,498	26,959	4.5	5.1	6.4	4.6	5.7
At closing establishments	5,710	7,739	12,425	8,747	8,549	1.3	1.7	2.7	1.9	1.8
Net employment change (2)	11,687	2,477	-7,869	15,062	-3,605	2.4	0.6	-1.7	3.3	-0.7
Education and health services
Gross job gains	21,997	23,246	25,245	31,465	23,113	4.7	4.9	5.4	6.7	4.8
At expanding establishments	17,290	18,981	20,297	23,549	18,350	3.7	4.0	4.3	5.0	3.8
At opening establishments	4,707	4,265	4,948	7,916	4,763	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.7	1.0
Gross job losses	19,617	21,150	28,331	19,251	22,449	4.2	4.5	6.0	4.0	4.7
At contracting establishments	16,541	14,602	17,895	13,324	15,388	3.5	3.1	3.8	2.8	3.2
At closing establishments	3,076	6,548	10,436	5,927	7,061	0.7	1.4	2.2	1.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	2,380	2,096	-3,086	12,214	664	0.5	0.4	-0.6	2.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	26,602	24,432	26,149	28,749	26,198	8.3	7.5	8.0	8.5	7.6
At expanding establishments	21,547	19,320	22,657	22,952	20,274	6.7	5.9	6.9	6.8	5.9
At opening establishments	5,055	5,112	3,492	5,797	5,924	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.7	1.7
Gross job losses	21,054	23,289	23,224	24,291	22,186	6.5	7.2	7.1	7.2	6.5
At contracting establishments	17,200	17,801	16,116	16,839	16,704	5.3	5.5	4.9	5.0	4.9
At closing establishments	3,854	5,488	7,108	7,452	5,482	1.2	1.7	2.2	2.2	1.6
Net employment change (2)	5,548	1,143	2,925	4,458	4,012	1.8	0.3	0.9	1.3	1.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	6,985	5,731	6,390	6,795	5,999	9.2	7.4	8.3	8.7	7.6
At expanding establishments	5,493	4,311	4,692	5,010	4,826	7.2	5.6	6.1	6.4	6.1
At opening establishments	1,492	1,420	1,698	1,785	1,173	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.3	1.5
Gross job losses	4,400	6,351	6,106	4,925	5,973	5.8	8.2	8.0	6.2	7.5
At contracting establishments	3,418	4,169	3,661	3,091	3,880	4.5	5.4	4.8	3.9	4.9
At closing establishments	982	2,182	2,445	1,834	2,093	1.3	2.8	3.2	2.3	2.6
Net employment change (2)	2,585	-620	284	1,870	26	3.4	-0.8	0.3	2.5	0.1
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022
United States(1)	7.7	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.2	5.4	5.4	6.7	5.8	5.9
Alabama	7.6	6.2	6.6	7.1	6.5	5.2	6.0	7.0	6.2	6.0
Alaska	11.8	10.1	10.1	8.6	10.9	8.7	9.3	9.6	10.3	9.3
Arizona	6.8	6.8	6.7	7.9	6.7	5.0	5.7	7.3	5.5	6.1
Arkansas	7.8	5.9	5.6	6.4	6.1	4.8	5.4	6.0	5.5	5.3
California	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.5	5.5	5.6	7.2	6.1	6.6
Colorado	7.6	7.5	7.3	5.0	7.6	6.1	6.3	6.7	5.8	6.9
Connecticut	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.3	5.9	5.3	5.3	6.5	6.2	6.0
Delaware	8.2	7.3	6.5	8.6	6.7	6.0	5.6	8.2	6.1	7.6
District of Columbia	7.3	6.0	6.0	7.2	5.6	4.9	4.9	6.8	4.8	5.6
Florida	7.7	6.5	7.5	7.8	6.2	6.0	5.7	6.9	5.5	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.8	6.6	7.0	6.5	5.5	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.9
Hawaii	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.1	5.1	5.9	4.8	4.8
Idaho	8.5	8.5	7.1	8.5	8.4	6.3	6.2	9.1	7.5	6.9
Illinois	7.5	6.2	5.9	6.0	5.4	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.3	5.2
Indiana	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8	5.5	5.2
Iowa	6.6	6.5	5.8	5.8	6.4	5.4	5.3	6.7	6.0	6.3
Kansas	7.6	6.2	6.5	7.6	6.3	5.3	5.4	7.5	5.6	5.6
Kentucky	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.7	5.9	4.9	5.0	8.7	5.4	5.3
Louisiana	9.6	6.5	6.6	7.3	6.0	5.8	7.1	7.3	5.7	6.5
Maine	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.4	7.3	6.9	6.1	8.1	7.4	6.9
Maryland	7.3	6.6	6.7	7.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1	6.0	6.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.1	6.2	5.5	5.7	5.1	5.4	6.1	5.8
Michigan	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5	5.9	5.2
Minnesota	7.3	6.0	6.6	6.8	6.2	5.2	5.4	7.1	6.0	6.0
Mississippi	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.2	6.8	5.7	6.0	7.0	6.3	6.2
Missouri	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.8	6.0	5.5	5.4	5.9	6.3	5.8
Montana	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.5	9.2	7.2	8.5	9.4	7.7	7.8
Nebraska	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	6.6	6.2	5.7
Nevada	8.3	6.8	6.9	7.6	6.4	4.8	5.2	6.7	5.7	6.2
New Hampshire	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.9	6.7	6.4	5.4	7.9	6.7	6.0
New Jersey	8.7	7.1	6.5	6.8	6.8	5.4	5.5	6.3	6.3	5.9
New Mexico	8.2	7.4	6.5	7.7	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1	5.9	6.2
New York	7.7	6.7	7.1	6.7	6.0	5.4	5.2	6.6	6.0	6.2
North Carolina	8.1	6.5	6.3	6.6	5.9	5.0	5.3	6.2	5.9	5.4
North Dakota	7.6	7.5	6.8	7.6	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.4	6.7
Ohio	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.2	4.8	6.3	5.6	5.8
Oklahoma	7.6	6.3	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2	5.5	6.0
Oregon	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.7	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1	8.6	6.4
Pennsylvania	6.8	6.3	5.5	6.1	5.5	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.2	5.1
Rhode Island	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.7	6.9	6.6	5.7	7.3	7.4	6.5
South Carolina	7.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	7.0	5.3	6.2	6.9	5.6	6.2
South Dakota	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.3	6.5	5.9	6.1	6.8	6.4	6.4
Tennessee	7.3	6.6	6.3	7.0	5.8	5.6	4.7	6.4	5.4	5.7
Texas	7.7	6.3	6.5	7.4	6.2	4.8	5.4	6.1	5.2	5.3
Utah	7.5	7.8	7.0	7.9	6.8	6.0	5.9	6.8	6.7	6.6
Vermont	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.2	7.8	6.9	6.3	8.4	8.0	7.1
Virginia	7.2	6.4	6.5	7.5	6.2	5.3	5.8	7.0	6.1	5.8
Washington	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.1	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1	6.1	5.3
West Virginia	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.7	6.0	5.9	7.9	6.5	6.6
Wisconsin	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	6.1	5.2	4.8	6.8	5.9	5.6
Wyoming	10.1	8.9	8.4	9.2	9.2	7.8	8.3	9.1	8.5	8.0
Puerto Rico	6.4	7.0	6.5	6.2	6.7	5.5	4.9	6.1	5.2	6.1
Virgin Islands	8.0	6.9	8.8	7.9	6.0	9.5	10.3	12.6	4.9	4.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.