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News Release Information

23-1068-SAN
Thursday, June 08, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:
  • (415) 625-2270

Occupational Employment and Wages in Visalia-Porterville — May 2022

Workers in the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $25.40 in May 2022, 15 percent below the nationwide average of $29.76, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 11 of the 22 major occupational groups, including legal; computer and mathematical; and arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media. Eight groups had significantly higher wages than their respective national averages, including healthcare practitioners and technical, educational instruction and library, and protective service.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Visalia area employment was more highly concentrated in 5 of the 22 occupational groups, including educational instruction and library, transportation and material moving, and healthcare support. Fifteen groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including business and financial operations, office and administrative support, and computer and mathematical. (See table A.)

Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the Visalia metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2022
Major occupational groupPercent of total employmentMean hourly wage
United StatesVisaliaUnited StatesVisaliaPercent difference (1)

Total, all occupations

100.0100.0$29.76$25.40*-15

Management

6.74.2*63.0856.00*-11

Business and financial operations

6.53.1*41.3935.80*-14

Computer and mathematical

3.40.8*51.9943.62*-16

Architecture and engineering

1.70.6*45.5242.17*-7

Life, physical, and social science

0.90.940.2135.68*-11

Community and social service

1.61.9*26.8127.97*4

Legal

0.80.3*59.8750.37*-16

Educational instruction and library

5.77.9*30.4133.49*10

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

1.40.6*36.7829.09*-21

Healthcare practitioners and technical

6.15.1*46.5250.26*8

Healthcare support

4.66.1*17.1017.261

Protective service

2.31.7*25.9728.73*11

Food preparation and serving related

8.57.6*15.4516.14*4

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

2.92.7*17.2618.47*7

Personal care and service

1.91.3*17.4118.05*4

Sales and related

8.97.7*24.2220.72*-14

Office and administrative support

12.69.4*21.9022.021

Farming, fishing, and forestry

0.314.2*18.2116.78*-8

Construction and extraction

4.13.4*28.0828.140

Installation, maintenance, and repair

3.93.5*26.7727.26*2

Production

5.95.921.8121.21*-3

Transportation and material moving

9.211.1*21.1220.08*-5

Footnotes:
(1) A positive percent difference measures how much the mean wage in the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area is above the national mean wage, while a negative difference reflects a lower wage.
* The mean hourly wage or percent share of employment is significantly different from the national average of all areas at the 90-percent confidence level.

One occupational group—educational instruction and library—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Visalia had 12,710 jobs in educational instruction and library, accounting for 7.9 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 5.7-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $33.49, significantly above the national wage of $30.41.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the educational instruction and library group included elementary school teachers, except special education (3,200), teaching assistants, except postsecondary (2,460), and short-term substitute teachers (1,940). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were instructional coordinators and career/technical education teachers, postsecondary, with mean hourly wages of $39.94 and $35.83, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were tutors ($17.87) and preschool teachers, except special education ($20.44). (Detailed data for the educational instruction and library occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47300.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Visalia area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the educational instruction and library group. For instance, short-term substitute teachers were employed at 4.5 times the national rate in Visalia, and tutors, at 2.5 times the U.S. average. Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education had a location quotient of 1.0 in Visalia, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the California Employment Development Department.

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement.

The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. See North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS for details.


Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area included 1,476 establishments with a response rate of 63 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Tulare County.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for educational instruction and library occupations, Visalia metropolitan area, May 2022
Occupation (1)EmploymentMean wages
Level (2)Location quotient (3)HourlyAnnual (4)

Educational instruction and library occupations

12,7101.4$33.49$69,650

Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other

402.5(5)144,780

Health specialties teachers, postsecondary

400.2(5)64,760

Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary

600.9(5)121,290

Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary

400.4(5)124,160

Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary

1101.035.8374,530

Postsecondary teachers, all other

1500.7(5)153,810

Preschool teachers, except special education

3400.820.4442,510

Kindergarten teachers, except special education

2201.7(5)95,950

Elementary school teachers, except special education

3,2002.1(5)88,450

Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education

3700.6(5)93,690

Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education

1,1401.0(5)80,960

Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school

1600.7(5)96,950

Self-enrichment teachers

1600.623.6249,130

Substitute teachers, short-term

1,9404.524.0750,070

Tutors

4702.517.8737,170

Teachers and instructors, all other

2101.6(5)70,690

Librarians and media collections specialists

800.530.0962,590

Library technicians

1001.222.6747,150

Instructional coordinators

2101.039.9483,060

Teaching assistants, except postsecondary

2,4601.8(5)38,340

Educational instruction and library workers, all other

4203.034.0170,730

Footnotes:
(1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47300.htm.
(2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
(4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(5) Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.

 

Last Modified Date: Thursday, June 08, 2023