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News Release Information

21-149-CHI
Wednesday, February 17, 2021

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:
  • (312) 353-1138

Union Members in Minnesota — 2020

In 2020, union members accounted for 15.8 percent of wage and salary workers in Minnesota, compared with 13.7 percent in 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the union membership rate for the state was at its peak in 1992, when it averaged 22.0 percent, and at its low point in 2019 at 13.7 percent. (See chart 1 and table A.) Nationwide, union members accounted for 10.8 percent of employed wage and salary workers in 2020, up by 0.5 percentage point from 2019. Since 1989, when comparable state data became available, union membership rates in Minnesota have been above the U.S. average.

  Chart 1. Members of unions as a percent of employed in the United States and Minnesota, 2010–2020

Minnesota had 398,000 union members in 2020. In addition to these members, another 29,000 wage and salary workers in Minnesota were represented by a union on their main job or covered by an employee association or contract while not union members themselves.

Nationwide, 14.3 million wage and salary workers were union members in 2020, and 1.7 million wage and salary workers were not affiliated with a union but had jobs covered by a union contract. The number of wage and salary workers belonging to unions (14.3 million) was down by 321,000, or 2.2 percent, from 2019. However, the decline in total wage and salary employment was 9.6 million (mostly among nonunion workers), or 6.7 percent. The disproportionately large decline in total wage and salary employment compared with the decline in the number of union members led to an increase in the union membership rate.

Table A. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers in Minnesota, annual averages, 2010–2020 (numbers in thousands)
Year Total employed Members of unions (1) Represented by unions (2)
Total Percent of employed Total Percent of employed

2010

2,468 385 15.6 397 16.1

2011

2,461 371 15.1 390 15.8

2012

2,465 351 14.2 368 14.9

2013

2,532 362 14.3 381 15.0

2014

2,538 360 14.2 380 15.0

2015

2,565 363 14.2 385 15.0

2016

2,563 365 14.2 388 15.2

2017

2,693 411 15.2 428 15.9

2018

2,634 395 15.0 421 16.0

2019

2,662 364 13.7 381 14.3

2020

2,515 398 15.8 427 17.0

Footnotes:
(1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

In 2020, 30 states and the District of Columbia had union membership rates below that of the U.S. average, 10.8 percent, while 20 states had rates above it. (See table 1.) Nine states had union membership rates below 5.0 percent in 2020. South Carolina had the lowest rate (2.9 percent). The next lowest rates were in North Carolina and Utah (3.1 percent and 3.7 percent, respectively). Two states had union membership rates over 20.0 percent in 2020: Hawaii (23.7 percent) and New York (22.0 percent). (See chart 2.)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on 2020 Union Members Data

Data on union members for 2020 reflect the impact on the labor market of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. Comparisons with union membership measures for earlier years, including metrics such as the union membership rate should be interpreted with caution. The overall union membership rate and the rates by many demographic and employment characteristics increased despite declines in the number of union members. These increases reflect the disproportionately large decline in total wage and salary employment (mostly among nonunion workers) compared with the decline in the number of union members. Increases in median weekly earnings reflect the disproportionately large decline in employment in 2020, notably among lower-paid workers, such as those in the leisure and hospitality industry. More information on labor market developments in recent months is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-response-on-the-employment-situation-news-release.htm.


Technical Note

The estimates in this release are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides basic information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau from a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households. The union membership data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded.

Beginning in January of each year, data reflect revised population controls used in the CPS. Additional information about population controls is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Definitions

The principal definitions used in this release are described briefly below.

Union members. Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

Union membership rate. Data refer to the proportion of total wage and salary workers who are union members.

Represented by unions. Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Wage and salary workers. Workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors. Union membership and earnings data exclude all self-employed workers, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 800-877-8339.

Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, 2019-2020 annual averages (numbers in thousands)
State 2019 2020
Total
employed
Members of unions(1) Represented by
unions(2)
Total
employed
Members of unions(1) Represented by
unions(2)
Total Percent
of
employed
Total Percent
of
employed
Total Percent
of
employed
Total Percent
of
employed

Alabama

2,041 173 8.5 199 9.8 1,896 151 8.0 164 8.7

Alaska

282 48 17.1 53 18.7 280 49 17.7 55 19.5

Arizona

3,028 174 5.7 214 7.1 2,909 155 5.3 207 7.1

Arkansas

1,200 62 5.2 71 5.9 1,158 55 4.7 69 5.9

California

16,485 2,504 15.2 2,726 16.5 15,069 2,441 16.2 2,655 17.6

Colorado

2,631 237 9.0 259 9.8 2,470 182 7.4 202 8.2

Connecticut

1,680 244 14.5 269 16.0 1,533 262 17.1 282 18.4

Delaware

432 38 8.7 43 9.9 424 41 9.7 44 10.3

District of Columbia

361 34 9.3 37 10.2 343 30 8.6 33 9.5

Florida

8,827 551 6.2 667 7.6 8,155 524 6.4 644 7.9

Georgia

4,422 180 4.1 223 5.0 4,173 194 4.6 271 6.5

Hawaii

574 135 23.5 147 25.5 508 120 23.7 130 25.7

Idaho

764 37 4.9 46 6.0 732 41 5.6 47 6.4

Illinois

5,658 771 13.6 832 14.7 5,178 739 14.3 788 15.2

Indiana

3,007 249 8.3 296 9.8 2,838 235 8.3 270 9.5

Iowa

1,543 97 6.3 122 7.9 1,401 93 6.6 128 9.1

Kansas

1,280 112 8.7 130 10.1 1,282 114 8.9 144 11.2

Kentucky

1,786 144 8.0 169 9.5 1,694 127 7.5 160 9.4

Louisiana

1,784 94 5.3 108 6.1 1,682 99 5.9 113 6.7

Maine

588 69 11.8 81 13.7 559 82 14.7 93 16.7

Maryland

2,912 330 11.3 371 12.8 2,690 351 13.1 380 14.1

Massachusetts

3,397 406 12.0 449 13.2 2,982 357 12.0 383 12.8

Michigan

4,323 589 13.6 648 15.0 3,974 604 15.2 661 16.6

Minnesota

2,662 364 13.7 381 14.3 2,515 398 15.8 427 17.0

Mississippi

1,105 70 6.3 93 8.4 1,034 74 7.1 86 8.3

Missouri

2,661 297 11.1 333 12.5 2,525 238 9.4 254 10.1

Montana

437 46 10.5 52 12.0 419 50 12.0 54 13.0

Nebraska

894 75 8.4 86 9.6 890 85 9.6 94 10.5

Nevada

1,379 201 14.6 222 16.1 1,208 161 13.4 186 15.4

New Hampshire

677 69 10.3 79 11.6 629 62 9.8 70 11.1

New Jersey

4,094 642 15.7 712 17.4 3,719 600 16.1 660 17.8

New Mexico

813 58 7.1 72 8.8 743 53 7.1 64 8.6

New York

8,253 1,732 21.0 1,877 22.7 7,552 1,661 22.0 1,784 23.6

North Carolina

4,396 102 2.3 150 3.4 4,128 129 3.1 161 3.9

North Dakota

356 21 6.0 27 7.5 338 21 6.2 25 7.4

Ohio

5,127 610 11.9 673 13.1 4,815 637 13.2 686 14.2

Oklahoma

1,554 96 6.2 123 7.9 1,501 90 6.0 114 7.6

Oregon

1,772 255 14.4 277 15.7 1,694 275 16.2 293 17.3

Pennsylvania

5,642 676 12.0 740 13.1 5,307 717 13.5 775 14.6

Rhode Island

475 83 17.4 90 19.0 455 81 17.8 87 19.1

South Carolina

2,140 47 2.2 59 2.7 2,036 59 2.9 77 3.8

South Dakota

395 22 5.6 26 6.7 385 17 4.3 21 5.5

Tennessee

2,947 135 4.6 162 5.5 2,678 117 4.4 137 5.1

Texas

12,334 497 4.0 642 5.2 11,607 563 4.9 693 6.0

Utah

1,409 62 4.4 83 5.9 1,403 51 3.7 75 5.4

Vermont

290 33 11.2 35 12.0 265 31 11.8 36 13.8

Virginia

3,881 156 4.0 201 5.2 3,703 164 4.4 201 5.4

Washington

3,393 638 18.8 684 20.2 3,201 557 17.4 596 18.6

West Virginia

704 72 10.2 78 11.1 666 71 10.7 75 11.3

Wisconsin

2,698 218 8.1 245 9.1 2,592 227 8.7 264 10.2

Wyoming

243 18 7.3 21 8.7 240 18 7.6 22 9.3

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

  Chart 2. Union membership rates by state, 2020 annual averages

 

Last Modified Date: Wednesday, February 17, 2021