From June 2016 to September 2016 gross job gains in Indiana totaled 149,640, while gross job losses numbered 132,940, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer noted that gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 16,700. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 2,211.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.).

The 149,640 gross job gains in September 2016 followed the 137,024 gross job gains in June 2016. Indiana’s gross job gains have remained above 131,000 each quarter since the recent low in March 2014. Gross job losses in September 2016 totaled 132,940 in the state. Since December 2009 gross job losses have remained below 140,000. (See chart 1.)

Gross job gains represented 5.8 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2016, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) Since the series inception in 1992, the rate of gross job gains in Indiana has been below the U.S. rate each quarter, with three exceptions. Gross job losses accounted for 5.1 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2016, lower than the national rate of 5.8 percent. Since the series began, Indiana’s rate of gross job losses has been below the national rate, with only three exceptions.

During the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in eight industry sectors in Indiana. For example, within education and health services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 4,456. While more than 14,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the industry, approximately 18,600 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments in the 3-months ended in September 2016. In professional and business services, more than 27,000 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments and more than 23,000 jobs lost in closing and contracting establishments. Two other industry sectors had net employment gains greater than 2,000 — construction and retail trade. (See table 1.)

In contrast, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in three industry sectors. Within manufacturing, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 1,468. In the two remaining sectors, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 300.

Indiana was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. In the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in four states in the division, including Indiana. Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in one state, Wisconsin. (See table A.) All five states in the division had rates of gross job gains that were lower than the 6.4-percent national rate. The five states in the division also had rates of gross job losses that were below the 5.8-percent national rate.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, September 2016, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,650,000	6.4	6,962,000	5.8	688,000	0.6
East North Central (1)	1,044,208	—	1,020,714	—	23,494	—
Illinois	293,311	5.7	289,298	5.7	4,013	0.0
Indiana	149,640	5.8	132,940	5.1	16,700	0.7
Michigan	206,985	5.6	205,425	5.6	1,560	0.0
Ohio	260,780	5.6	258,978	5.6	1,802	0.0
Wisconsin	133,492	5.5	134,073	5.5	-581	0.0
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2016 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2017.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the second time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Indiana, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2015	Dec. 2015	Mar. 2016	June 2016	Sept 2016	Sept 2015	Dec. 2015	Mar. 2016	June 2016	Sept 2016
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	140,328	158,633	141,057	137,024	149,640	5.5	6.2	5.5	5.2	5.8
At expanding establishments	116,651	135,057	121,242	117,651	127,228	4.6	5.3	4.7	4.5	4.9
At opening establishments	23,677	23,576	19,815	19,373	22,412	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	136,850	126,844	136,213	134,813	132,940	5.3	4.9	5.3	5.2	5.1
At contracting establishments	117,835	107,936	119,014	116,058	114,544	4.6	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.4
At closing establishments	19,015	18,908	17,199	18,755	18,396	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	3,478	31,789	4,844	2,211	16,700	0.2	1.3	0.2	0.0	0.7
Construction
Gross job gains	13,372	14,600	11,608	13,014	14,514	10.5	11.3	8.8	10.0	11.0
At expanding establishments	11,483	12,044	9,582	11,114	12,536	9.0	9.3	7.3	8.5	9.5
At opening establishments	1,889	2,556	2,026	1,900	1,978	1.5	2.0	1.5	1.5	1.5
Gross job losses	12,337	11,672	14,022	10,448	11,876	9.7	9.0	10.7	8.0	9.0
At contracting establishments	10,192	9,809	12,287	8,604	10,086	8.0	7.6	9.4	6.6	7.6
At closing establishments	2,145	1,863	1,735	1,844	1,790	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4
Net employment change (2)	1,035	2,928	-2,414	2,566	2,638	0.8	2.3	-1.9	2.0	2.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	13,323	15,413	15,260	14,782	13,942	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7
At expanding establishments	12,763	14,770	14,555	13,936	12,824	2.5	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.5
At opening establishments	560	643	705	846	1,118	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	13,820	13,262	12,953	15,033	15,410	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.9	2.9
At contracting establishments	13,131	12,296	12,453	14,235	14,234	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.7
At closing establishments	689	966	500	798	1,176	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Net employment change (2)	-497	2,151	2,307	-251	-1,468	0.0	0.3	0.4	0.0	-0.2
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	5,152	5,644	5,328	5,128	5,011	4.3	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.2
At expanding establishments	4,151	4,471	4,487	4,216	4,049	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.4
At opening establishments	1,001	1,173	841	912	962	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	5,104	5,002	5,069	5,054	5,102	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4
At contracting establishments	4,274	3,980	4,122	4,089	4,211	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.6
At closing establishments	830	1,022	947	965	891	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	48	642	259	74	-91	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	21,392	18,587	21,992	17,399	20,832	6.6	5.7	6.6	5.2	6.2
At expanding establishments	18,551	16,435	19,651	15,619	18,498	5.7	5.0	5.9	4.7	5.5
At opening establishments	2,841	2,152	2,341	1,780	2,334	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7
Gross job losses	19,174	17,845	16,789	16,690	18,263	5.9	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.5
At contracting establishments	17,209	16,047	14,870	15,034	16,302	5.3	4.9	4.5	4.5	4.9
At closing establishments	1,965	1,798	1,919	1,656	1,961	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6
Net employment change (2)	2,218	742	5,203	709	2,569	0.7	0.3	1.5	0.2	0.7
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,310	8,712	6,681	5,642	6,872	4.6	7.2	5.4	4.6	5.6
At expanding establishments	4,421	7,826	6,069	5,016	6,233	3.8	6.5	4.9	4.1	5.1
At opening establishments	889	886	612	626	639	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	5,612	4,447	7,509	7,093	5,661	4.8	3.7	6.1	5.8	4.7
At contracting establishments	5,043	3,620	6,613	6,457	4,933	4.3	3.0	5.4	5.3	4.1
At closing establishments	569	827	896	636	728	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6
Net employment change (2)	-302	4,265	-828	-1,451	1,211	-0.2	3.5	-0.7	-1.2	0.9
Information
Gross job gains	1,477	1,417	1,524	1,404	1,228	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.3	3.8
At expanding establishments	1,280	1,303	1,212	1,175	979	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.0
At opening establishments	197	114	312	229	249	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	1,842	1,515	1,673	1,687	1,527	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.1	4.7
At contracting establishments	1,668	1,289	1,331	1,475	1,281	5.0	3.9	4.0	4.5	3.9
At closing establishments	174	226	342	212	246	0.5	0.7	1.0	0.6	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-365	-98	-149	-283	-299	-1.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.8	-0.9
Financial activities
Gross job gains	6,615	7,124	5,547	6,062	6,536	5.2	5.5	4.2	4.7	5.0
At expanding establishments	5,349	5,623	4,239	4,919	5,139	4.2	4.3	3.2	3.8	3.9
At opening establishments	1,266	1,501	1,308	1,143	1,397	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.1
Gross job losses	5,703	5,558	5,708	5,768	5,415	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.2
At contracting establishments	4,403	4,108	4,512	4,412	4,296	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.3
At closing establishments	1,300	1,450	1,196	1,356	1,119	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	912	1,566	-161	294	1,121	0.8	1.2	-0.1	0.3	0.8
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	24,536	35,167	22,458	25,760	27,200	7.5	10.6	6.6	7.7	8.2
At expanding establishments	19,577	29,947	18,985	21,633	22,999	6.0	9.0	5.6	6.5	6.9
At opening establishments	4,959	5,220	3,473	4,127	4,201	1.5	1.6	1.0	1.2	1.3
Gross job losses	27,447	23,620	29,448	24,446	23,111	8.4	7.1	8.7	7.4	6.9
At contracting establishments	23,584	19,253	25,971	20,141	19,425	7.2	5.8	7.7	6.1	5.8
At closing establishments	3,863	4,367	3,477	4,305	3,686	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-2,911	11,547	-6,990	1,314	4,089	-0.9	3.5	-2.1	0.3	1.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	18,269	17,109	16,676	15,756	18,658	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.6	4.2
At expanding establishments	14,969	14,426	14,550	13,761	16,459	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.7
At opening establishments	3,300	2,683	2,126	1,995	2,199	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	13,862	13,628	13,832	14,080	14,202	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.2
At contracting establishments	11,545	12,087	11,983	11,912	12,362	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8
At closing establishments	2,317	1,541	1,849	2,168	1,840	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
Net employment change (2)	4,407	3,481	2,844	1,676	4,456	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.4	1.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	22,741	25,559	26,009	24,129	25,745	7.5	8.5	8.5	7.9	8.4
At expanding establishments	17,562	20,782	21,174	19,648	19,919	5.8	6.9	6.9	6.4	6.5
At opening establishments	5,179	4,777	4,835	4,481	5,826	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.9
Gross job losses	23,632	22,841	21,431	25,403	24,546	7.8	7.5	6.9	8.3	8.0
At contracting establishments	20,031	19,215	18,251	22,151	21,184	6.6	6.3	5.9	7.2	6.9
At closing establishments	3,601	3,626	3,180	3,252	3,362	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-891	2,718	4,578	-1,274	1,199	-0.3	1.0	1.6	-0.4	0.4
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	5,909	6,334	5,704	5,960	6,411	7.2	7.6	6.8	7.0	7.6
At expanding establishments	4,937	4,873	4,851	5,006	5,240	6.0	5.8	5.8	5.9	6.2
At opening establishments	972	1,461	853	954	1,171	1.2	1.8	1.0	1.1	1.4
Gross job losses	5,725	5,448	5,514	6,078	5,677	6.9	6.5	6.5	7.2	6.7
At contracting establishments	4,580	4,541	4,670	4,792	4,537	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.7	5.4
At closing establishments	1,145	907	844	1,286	1,140	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.5	1.3
Net employment change (2)	184	886	190	-118	734	0.3	1.1	0.3	-0.2	0.9
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.