From June 2014 to September 2014 gross job losses in Ohio totaled 248,466, while gross job gains numbered 246,052, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Charlene Peiffer, noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 2,414. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 35,495.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Gross job losses in September 2014 totaled 248,466 in the state, 1,405 fewer than the recent post-recession peak of 249,871 reached in September 2012. (See chart 1.) The state’s 246,052 gross job gains in September 2014 were down 27,882 from the recent peak of 273,934 reached in June 2013. Gross job gains in Ohio have been above 230,000 in all but two quarters since the series low of 207,885 in March 2009. 

Ohio’s rate of gross job losses as a percent of private sector employment was 5.5 percent, lower than the national rate of 5.8 percent in the third quarter of 2014. With few exceptions, the state’s rate of gross job losses has been below the U.S. rate in each quarter since the series began in September 1992. Gross job gains represented 5.5 percent of private sector employment in Ohio, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.2 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in the state has been below the U.S. rate in all but two quarters since the series began.

During the third quarter of 2014, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in four industry sectors in Ohio. For example, more than 49,000 jobs were lost at closing and contracting establishments in the leisure and hospitality industry while more than 43,000 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments, resulting in a net employment loss of 5,798. In the three other sectors, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 2,000. (See table 1.)

Ohio’s gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in seven industry sectors. More than 33,000 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments in the education and health services industry during the period, though almost 32,000 jobs were lost at closing and contracting establishments. The resulting net gain of 1,558 jobs was the largest of any sector in the third quarter 2014. Other industries showing net job gains included professional and business services and manufacturing. Within the professional and business services industry, 45,000 jobs were created at opening and expanding establishments, while more than 43,000 jobs were lost at closing and contracting establishments, resulting in a net gain of 1,281. Manufacturing recorded a net employment gain of 1,092, with over 20,000 gross job gains in opening and expanding establishments and more than 19,000 job losses in closing and contracting establishments.

In September 2014, Ohio and three other states which are part of the East North Central Census division had gross job losses that exceeded gross job gains. Indiana was the only state in the division where gross job gains were larger than gross job losses. (See table A.) The rate of gross job gains was lower than the national rate of 6.2 percent in all five states. Three states—Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin—had rates of gross job losses that were below the 5.8 percent national rate. Illinois and Michigan had rates of gross job losses that were equal to the national rate.

Table A. Private sector job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, third quarter 2014, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,179,000	6.2	6,637,000	5.8	542,000	0.4
East North Central (1)	978,685	—	1,007,820	—	-29,135	—
Illinois	279,907	5.7	289,157	5.8	-9,250	-0.1
Indiana	133,763	5.3	131,464	5.3	2,299	0.0
Michigan	192,391	5.5	205,613	5.8	-13,222	-0.3
Ohio	246,052	5.5	248,466	5.5	-2,414	0.0
Wisconsin	126,572	5.3	133,120	5.6	-6,548	-0.3
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for the states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2014 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 29, 2015 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	June 2014	Sept. 2014	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	June 2014	Sept. 2014
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	247,306	265,643	250,208	270,113	246,052	5.6	6.0	5.6	6.1	5.5
At expanding establishments	209,043	226,278	213,037	232,002	209,832	4.7	5.1	4.8	5.2	4.7
At opening establishments	38,263	39,365	37,171	38,111	36,220	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Gross job losses	246,422	236,612	245,509	234,618	248,466	5.6	5.3	5.6	5.3	5.5
At contracting establishments	212,355	200,260	206,821	196,398	211,593	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.7
At closing establishments	34,067	36,352	38,688	38,220	36,873	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
Net employment change (2)	884	29,031	4,699	35,495	-2,414	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.0
Construction
Gross job gains	22,358	21,785	23,278	24,602	21,742	12.0	11.6	12.3	12.6	11.0
At expanding establishments	18,664	18,198	19,071	20,480	18,268	10.0	9.7	10.1	10.5	9.2
At opening establishments	3,694	3,587	4,207	4,122	3,474	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.8
Gross job losses	19,515	23,638	19,329	18,320	21,426	10.5	12.6	10.2	9.4	10.8
At contracting establishments	16,364	19,517	15,636	15,187	18,223	8.8	10.4	8.3	7.8	9.2
At closing establishments	3,151	4,121	3,693	3,133	3,203	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.6	1.6
Net employment change (2)	2,843	-1,853	3,949	6,282	316	1.5	-1.0	2.1	3.2	0.2
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	20,111	21,343	20,553	23,858	20,254	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.0
At expanding establishments	18,867	20,202	19,312	22,755	19,178	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.4	2.8
At opening establishments	1,244	1,141	1,241	1,103	1,076	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	20,391	18,052	18,984	17,166	19,162	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.8
At contracting establishments	19,004	16,699	17,693	15,642	17,599	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.6
At closing establishments	1,387	1,353	1,291	1,524	1,563	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Net employment change (2)	-280	3,291	1,569	6,692	1,092	-0.1	0.5	0.3	1.1	0.2
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	10,716	11,317	11,654	11,284	11,062	4.8	5.0	5.1	4.8	4.8
At expanding establishments	9,009	9,329	9,458	9,542	9,293	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0
At opening establishments	1,707	1,988	2,196	1,742	1,769	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	9,947	9,441	9,450	9,349	10,545	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.6
At contracting establishments	8,038	7,300	7,576	7,351	8,317	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.6
At closing establishments	1,909	2,141	1,874	1,998	2,228	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.0
Net employment change (2)	769	1,876	2,204	1,935	517	0.5	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	32,384	33,107	29,803	36,521	33,325	5.8	5.8	5.3	6.4	5.9
At expanding establishments	28,627	29,614	27,117	32,469	29,027	5.1	5.2	4.8	5.7	5.1
At opening establishments	3,757	3,493	2,686	4,052	4,298	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	34,475	31,116	33,071	30,324	35,230	6.1	5.5	5.9	5.4	6.2
At contracting establishments	31,764	27,483	29,942	26,048	31,281	5.6	4.9	5.3	4.6	5.5
At closing establishments	2,711	3,633	3,129	4,276	3,949	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-2,091	1,991	-3,268	6,197	-1,905	-0.3	0.3	-0.6	1.0	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	7,786	12,486	9,723	9,428	9,362	4.7	7.4	5.7	5.5	5.5
At expanding establishments	6,790	11,311	8,364	8,363	8,360	4.1	6.7	4.9	4.9	4.9
At opening establishments	996	1,175	1,359	1,065	1,002	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6
Gross job losses	7,842	7,615	10,769	7,562	8,765	4.7	4.5	6.4	4.5	5.1
At contracting establishments	6,857	6,560	9,818	6,716	7,527	4.1	3.9	5.8	4.0	4.4
At closing establishments	985	1,055	951	846	1,238	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-56	4,871	-1,046	1,866	597	0.0	2.9	-0.7	1.0	0.4
Information
Gross job gains	3,120	3,543	2,656	2,717	3,300	4.1	4.7	3.6	3.7	4.6
At expanding establishments	2,733	2,844	2,139	2,337	2,701	3.6	3.8	2.9	3.2	3.8
At opening establishments	387	699	517	380	599	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.8
Gross job losses	3,200	3,863	3,697	3,371	3,177	4.3	5.2	5.0	4.6	4.5
At contracting establishments	2,809	3,272	3,026	2,839	2,705	3.8	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.8
At closing establishments	391	591	671	532	472	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-80	-320	-1,041	-654	123	-0.2	-0.5	-1.4	-0.9	0.1
Financial activities
Gross job gains	11,604	11,811	11,458	13,230	10,908	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.9	4.0
At expanding establishments	9,357	9,548	9,612	11,314	8,799	3.5	3.5	3.6	4.2	3.2
At opening establishments	2,247	2,263	1,846	1,916	2,109	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	11,853	11,889	11,396	11,107	11,189	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.1
At contracting establishments	9,927	9,675	9,008	8,684	8,899	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.3
At closing establishments	1,926	2,214	2,388	2,423	2,290	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-249	-78	62	2,123	-281	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.8	-0.1
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	48,104	53,578	45,560	49,291	45,002	6.9	7.7	6.5	6.9	6.3
At expanding establishments	40,322	45,772	39,237	41,899	38,294	5.8	6.6	5.6	5.9	5.4
At opening establishments	7,782	7,806	6,323	7,392	6,708	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9
Gross job losses	45,167	43,166	48,237	43,876	43,721	6.5	6.2	6.8	6.2	6.2
At contracting establishments	37,527	35,035	40,245	35,427	36,108	5.4	5.0	5.7	5.0	5.1
At closing establishments	7,640	8,131	7,992	8,449	7,613	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	2,937	10,412	-2,677	5,415	1,281	0.4	1.5	-0.3	0.7	0.1
Education and health services
Gross job gains	32,901	33,471	30,285	34,133	33,277	3.9	3.9	3.5	4.0	3.9
At expanding establishments	28,733	29,088	25,997	30,750	28,765	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.6	3.4
At opening establishments	4,168	4,383	4,288	3,383	4,512	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
Gross job losses	31,957	28,476	31,206	33,661	31,719	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.9	3.7
At contracting establishments	27,664	24,936	25,858	28,661	26,931	3.3	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.1
At closing establishments	4,293	3,540	5,348	5,000	4,788	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6
Net employment change (2)	944	4,995	-921	472	1,558	0.1	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	44,118	48,113	49,796	49,607	43,325	8.5	9.2	9.5	9.4	8.2
At expanding establishments	34,429	38,473	40,358	39,335	34,980	6.6	7.4	7.7	7.5	6.6
At opening establishments	9,689	9,640	9,438	10,272	8,345	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.6
Gross job losses	48,015	44,938	45,881	46,326	49,123	9.3	8.6	8.7	8.8	9.4
At contracting establishments	40,853	37,485	36,766	38,433	41,963	7.9	7.2	7.0	7.3	8.0
At closing establishments	7,162	7,453	9,115	7,893	7,160	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-3,897	3,175	3,915	3,281	-5,798	-0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	-1.2
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	9,564	9,644	9,726	11,054	9,407	6.5	6.6	6.7	7.6	6.4
At expanding establishments	8,210	7,685	8,391	9,217	7,992	5.6	5.3	5.8	6.3	5.4
At opening establishments	1,354	1,959	1,335	1,837	1,415	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.3	1.0
Gross job losses	10,079	10,398	9,254	9,093	10,767	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.2	7.3
At contracting establishments	8,314	8,796	7,565	7,508	8,869	5.7	6.1	5.2	5.1	6.0
At closing establishments	1,765	1,602	1,689	1,585	1,898	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-515	-754	472	1,961	-1,360	-0.4	-0.6	0.3	1.4	-0.9
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.