Figure 7B. Index of direct hours, subcontractor hours, and total labor hours in new multifamily housing construction, 1987–2016 (base year 1987 = 100)
Year Direct hours Subcontractor hours Total hours

1987

100.00 100.00 100.00

1988

98.89 92.51 94.85

1989

92.94 82.70 86.44

1990

85.54 71.06 76.36

1991

71.21 55.02 60.94

1992

65.83 44.89 52.54

1993

69.63 53.24 59.23

1994

74.71 63.72 67.73

1995

75.31 72.39 73.46

1996

78.38 83.05 81.35

1997

82.44 95.27 90.58

1998

88.39 104.57 98.65

1999

97.45 118.08 110.54

2000

102.51 127.65 118.46

2001

104.36 134.48 123.47

2002

111.75 137.05 127.80

2003

108.54 142.24 129.92

2004

106.35 151.56 135.04

2005

110.25 163.18 143.83

2006

109.31 170.23 147.97

2007

95.03 166.87 140.61

2008

87.16 144.38 123.47

2009

71.71 112.23 97.42

2010

60.58 98.28 84.50

2011

56.49 92.70 79.47

2012

52.99 89.24 75.99

2013

59.23 94.14 81.38

2014

70.12 100.59 89.45

2015

70.58 105.59 92.79

2016

77.15 110.07 98.04

Note: Recession periods are July 1990 to March 1991, March 2001 to November 2001, and December 2007 to June 2009, as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Source: U.S. Bureau of labor statistics.