Figure 10. Measures of labor underutilization, quarterly averages, seasonally adjusted, 1994–2017 (percent)
Quarter and year U-1 U-2 U-3 U-4 U-5 U-6

Q1 1994

2.4 3.2 6.6 6.9 7.9 11.5

Q2 1994

2.2 2.8 6.2 6.5 7.3 11.0

Q3 1994

2.1 2.8 6.0 6.3 7.2 10.5

Q4 1994

2.0 2.7 5.6 5.9 6.8 10.1

Q1 1995

1.8 2.6 5.5 5.7 6.7 10.0

Q2 1995

1.8 2.6 5.7 5.9 6.7 10.0

Q3 1995

1.8 2.6 5.7 5.9 6.7 10.1

Q4 1995

1.7 2.7 5.6 5.8 6.6 10.0

Q1 1996

1.8 2.7 5.5 5.8 6.7 9.9

Q2 1996

1.8 2.6 5.5 5.7 6.5 9.7

Q3 1996

1.7 2.4 5.3 5.5 6.2 9.5

Q4 1996

1.6 2.4 5.3 5.5 6.3 9.4

Q1 1997

1.6 2.4 5.2 5.4 6.2 9.3

Q2 1997

1.6 2.2 5.0 5.2 5.9 8.9

Q3 1997

1.5 2.1 4.9 5.0 5.7 8.6

Q4 1997

1.4 2.1 4.7 4.9 5.6 8.4

Q1 1998

1.3 2.1 4.6 4.8 5.6 8.4

Q2 1998

1.1 2.0 4.4 4.6 5.2 7.9

Q3 1998

1.2 2.0 4.5 4.7 5.4 8.0

Q4 1998

1.1 2.0 4.4 4.6 5.2 7.7

Q1 1999

1.1 1.9 4.3 4.5 5.2 7.7

Q2 1999

1.1 1.9 4.3 4.4 5.1 7.5

Q3 1999

1.1 1.9 4.2 4.4 5.0 7.4

Q4 1999

1.0 1.8 4.1 4.3 4.9 7.1

Q1 2000

0.9 1.8 4.0 4.2 4.9 7.1

Q2 2000

0.9 1.7 3.9 4.2 4.7 7.0

Q3 2000

0.9 1.8 4.0 4.2 4.8 7.0

Q4 2000

0.9 1.8 3.9 4.1 4.6 6.9

Q1 2001

1.0 2.0 4.2 4.4 5.1 7.3

Q2 2001

1.1 2.2 4.4 4.6 5.2 7.6

Q3 2001

1.3 2.4 4.8 5.0 5.7 8.2

Q4 2001

1.6 3.1 5.5 5.8 6.4 9.4

Q1 2002

1.8 3.1 5.7 5.9 6.6 9.5

Q2 2002

2.0 3.2 5.8 6.1 6.8 9.6

Q3 2002

2.0 3.2 5.7 6.0 6.7 9.6

Q4 2002

2.2 3.3 5.8 6.1 6.8 9.7

Q1 2003

2.2 3.3 5.9 6.2 6.9 10.1

Q2 2003

2.3 3.4 6.2 6.4 7.1 10.2

Q3 2003

2.4 3.4 6.1 6.4 7.1 10.3

Q4 2003

2.3 3.2 5.8 6.1 6.8 10.0

Q1 2004

2.3 3.0 5.7 6.0 6.7 9.9

Q2 2004

2.1 2.9 5.6 5.9 6.6 9.6

Q3 2004

2.0 2.8 5.4 5.7 6.4 9.4

Q4 2004

2.0 2.7 5.4 5.7 6.4 9.4

Q1 2005

1.9 2.6 5.3 5.6 6.3 9.2

Q2 2005

1.7 2.4 5.1 5.4 6.1 8.9

Q3 2005

1.7 2.4 5.0 5.2 5.9 8.9

Q4 2005

1.6 2.3 5.0 5.2 5.9 8.7

Q1 2006

1.6 2.2 4.7 5.0 5.7 8.4

Q2 2006

1.5 2.3 4.7 4.9 5.5 8.2

Q3 2006

1.5 2.2 4.6 4.9 5.6 8.3

Q4 2006

1.4 2.1 4.5 4.7 5.3 8.1

Q1 2007

1.4 2.2 4.5 4.8 5.4 8.2

Q2 2007

1.5 2.2 4.5 4.7 5.4 8.2

Q3 2007

1.5 2.4 4.7 4.9 5.5 8.4

Q4 2007

1.6 2.4 4.8 5.0 5.6 8.5

Q1 2008

1.6 2.6 5.0 5.2 5.9 9.1

Q2 2008

1.8 2.7 5.3 5.6 6.2 9.6

Q3 2008

2.2 3.2 6.0 6.3 7.0 10.8

Q4 2008

2.7 4.0 6.9 7.2 8.0 12.7

Q1 2009

3.5 5.2 8.3 8.7 9.5 15.1

Q2 2009

4.6 6.0 9.3 9.7 10.5 16.3

Q3 2009

5.2 6.3 9.6 10.0 10.9 16.6

Q4 2009

5.7 6.4 9.9 10.4 11.3 17.1

Q1 2010

5.8 6.2 9.8 10.5 11.2 16.9

Q2 2010

5.8 6.0 9.7 10.3 11.1 16.7

Q3 2010

5.5 5.9 9.5 10.2 10.9 16.6

Q4 2010

5.6 5.9 9.5 10.3 11.0 16.7

Q1 2011

5.4 5.5 9.0 9.6 10.6 16.1

Q2 2011

5.3 5.4 9.1 9.6 10.5 16.0

Q3 2011

5.4 5.2 9.0 9.6 10.5 16.1

Q4 2011

5.0 5.0 8.7 9.2 10.1 15.5

Q1 2012

4.7 4.6 8.3 8.8 9.8 14.9

Q2 2012

4.6 4.5 8.2 8.7 9.6 14.7

Q3 2012

4.4 4.4 8.0 8.5 9.5 14.7

Q4 2012

4.3 4.2 7.8 8.4 9.3 14.4

Q1 2013

4.2 4.1 7.7 8.2 9.2 14.3

Q2 2013

4.1 4.0 7.5 8.1 8.9 14.0

Q3 2013

3.8 3.8 7.3 7.8 8.6 13.6

Q4 2013

3.7 3.7 7.0 7.4 8.3 13.3

Q1 2014

3.5 3.5 6.6 7.1 8.0 12.7

Q2 2014

3.1 3.2 6.2 6.6 7.5 12.1

Q3 2014

2.9 3.0 6.1 6.5 7.4 11.9

Q4 2014

2.7 2.8 5.7 6.1 7.0 11.4

Q1 2015

2.5 2.7 5.6 6.0 6.8 11.1

Q2 2015

2.3 2.7 5.4 5.8 6.6 10.7

Q3 2015

2.2 2.5 5.1 5.5 6.2 10.2

Q4 2015

2.1 2.5 5.0 5.4 6.1 9.9

Q1 2016

2.1 2.4 5.0 5.3 6.1 9.8

Q2 2016

2.0 2.4 4.9 5.2 5.9 9.7

Q3 2016

2.0 2.4 4.9 5.2 6.0 9.7

Q4 2016

1.9 2.3 4.7 5.0 5.8 9.3

Q1 2017

1.8 2.3 4.6 4.9 5.6 9.1

Q2 2017

1.7 2.1 4.3 4.6 5.2 8.5

Q3 2017

1.7 2.1 4.3 4.6 5.3 8.5

Q4 2017

1.5 2.0 4.1 4.4 5.0 8.0

Note: U-1 = people unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percentage of the civilian labor force; U-2 = job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percentage of the civilian labor force; U-3 = total unemployed, as a percentage of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate); U-4 = total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percentage of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers; U-5 = total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percentage of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers; and U-6 = total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percentage of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.