For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 21, 2023 USDL-23-0538
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2023
Job openings rates decreased in 13 states and the District of Columbia and increased in 3 states on the
last business day of January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in
7 states and decreased in 4 states. Total separations rates increased in 4 states and decreased in 4 states.
Nationally, the job openings rate decreased in January, while the hires and total separations rates showed
little or no change.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.
Job Openings
In January, job openings rates decreased in 13 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 3 states,
and were little changed in 34 states. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in North
Dakota (-1.8 percentage points), Iowa (-1.7 points), and Michigan (-1.6 points). The increases occurred
in Georgia and South Dakota (+0.8 point each), as well as in Florida (+0.5 point). Over the month, the
national job openings rate decreased (-0.3 point). (See table A.)
The number of job openings decreased in 13 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 5 states,
and was little changed in 32 states in January. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in
California (-163,000), Texas (-98,000), and Michigan (-78,000). The largest increases occurred in
Florida (+59,000), Georgia (+48,000), and New Hampshire (+5,000). Nationally, the number of job
openings decreased over the month (-410,000). (See table A.)
Hires
In January, hires rates increased in 7 states, decreased in 4 states, and were little changed in 39 states
and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in hires rates occurred in Arizona and South Dakota
(+0.8 percentage point each), as well as in Ohio and Pennsylvania (+0.6 point each). The largest
decreases occurred in Missouri (-1.1 points), Minnesota (-0.9 point), and North Dakota (-0.7 point). The
national hires rate was little changed over the month. (See table B.)
The number of hires increased in 8 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 39 states and
the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in California
(+87,000), Pennsylvania (+38,000), and Ohio (+35,000). The decreases occurred in Missouri and North
Carolina (-32,000 each), as well as in Minnesota (-24,000). Nationally, the number of hires was little
changed over the month. (See table B.)
Total Separations
In January, total separations rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 4 states, and were little changed in
42 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in Alaska
(+1.1 percentage points) and Georgia (+0.8 point), as well as in Minnesota and North Carolina (+0.7
point each). The largest decreases occurred in Idaho (-1.1 points) and in Iowa and Utah (-0.7 point
each). Over the month, the national total separations rate was unchanged. (See table C.)
In January, the number of total separations increased in 5 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little
changed in 41 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the total separations level
occurred in Georgia (+36,000), North Carolina (+34,000), and Minnesota (+21,000). The largest
decreases occurred in Indiana (-17,000), Iowa (-12,000), and Utah (-11,000). Nationally, the number of
total separations was little changed over the month. (See table C.)
Quits
In January, quits rates decreased in 8 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 41 states and
the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Idaho and Utah (-0.9
percentage point each) and in Wyoming (-0.7 point). The increase occurred in Maryland (+0.5 point).
Over the month, the national quits rate was little changed. (See table D.)
The number of quits decreased in 8 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 41 states and
the District of Columbia in January. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Texas
(-47,000), Florida (-25,000), and Utah (-13,000). The increase occurred in Maryland (+13,000).
Nationally, the number of quits decreased over the month (-207,000). (See table D.)
Layoffs and Discharges
In January, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 10 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little
changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates
occurred in Alaska (+1.2 percentage points), North Carolina (+0.7 point), and Florida (+0.6 point). The
decrease occurred in Indiana (-0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was
little changed. (See table E.)
The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 10 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little
changed in 38 states and the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the layoffs and
discharges levels occurred in Florida (+58,000), North Carolina (+34,000), and Texas (+33,000). The
decreases occurred in Indiana and Missouri (-10,000 each). Nationally, the number of layoffs and
discharges increased over the month (+241,000). (See table E.)
For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.
_____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for February 2023 are scheduled
to be released on Wednesday, April 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| Changes to Annual Estimates for States from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover |
| Survey |
| |
|Effective with the release of the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) national data for |
|January on March 8, 2023, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) published historical annual average job |
|openings levels and rates for states. State annual averages for 2001 through 2021 are available in the |
|BLS database at www.bls.gov/jlt/data.htm. |
| |
|Also effective with the release of national data on March 8, 2023, JOLTS modified its method for |
|calculating annual estimates for hires and separations rates. Annual rates are computed as annual |
|averages, instead of annual totals, to make the estimates more helpful for data users and to be consistent |
|with other BLS programs. State annual average hires and separations rates for 2001 through 2021 are |
|available in the BLS database. |
| |
|The 2022 state annual estimates will be published on July 26, 2023. |
| |
|Additional information about these changes, including the annual average calculation method, is |
|available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________|
Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Dec 2022 to Jan 2023, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
State | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month
| 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p) | 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............|11,234 |10,824 | -410 | 6.8 | 6.5 | -0.3
California.............| 1219 | 1056 | -163 | 6.4 | 5.6 | -0.8
Connecticut............| 110 | 97 | -13 | 6.2 | 5.5 | -0.7
Delaware...............| 38 | 35 | -3* | 7.6 | 6.8 | -0.8
District of Columbia...| 55 | 45 | -10 | 6.6 | 5.5 | -1.1
Florida................| 647 | 706 | 59 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 0.5
Georgia................| 388 | 436 | 48 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 0.8
Idaho..................| 65 | 58 | -7 | 7.3 | 6.4 | -0.9
Indiana................| 221 | 206 | -15 | 6.4 | 6.0 | -0.4*
Iowa...................| 135 | 104 | -31 | 7.8 | 6.1 | -1.7
Maine..................| 48 | 42 | -6 | 6.9 | 6.1 | -0.8
Michigan...............| 369 | 291 | -78 | 7.8 | 6.2 | -1.6
Minnesota..............| 231 | 212 | -19 | 7.2 | 6.7 | -0.5
New Hampshire..........| 51 | 56 | 5 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 0.6*
New Mexico.............| 70 | 63 | -7 | 7.6 | 6.8 | -0.8
North Dakota...........| 35 | 26 | -9 | 7.5 | 5.7 | -1.8
Ohio...................| 409 | 389 | -20* | 6.9 | 6.5 | -0.4
Oregon.................| 153 | 140 | -13 | 7.1 | 6.6 | -0.5*
South Dakota...........| 33 | 37 | 4 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 0.8
Tennessee..............| 263 | 243 | -20 | 7.4 | 6.8 | -0.6
Texas..................| 1033 | 935 | -98 | 7.0 | 6.4 | -0.6
Vermont................| 22 | 25 | 3 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 0.8*
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) = preliminary.
* Not significant.
Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Dec 2022 to Jan 2023, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
State | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month
| 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p) | 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,251 | 6,372 | 121 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 0.1
Arizona................| 135 | 159 | 24 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 0.8
California.............| 542 | 629 | 87 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.5
Idaho..................| 37 | 43 | 6 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 0.6*
Minnesota..............| 126 | 102 | -24 | 4.3 | 3.4 | -0.9
Missouri...............| 147 | 115 | -32 | 5.0 | 3.9 | -1.1
North Carolina.........| 239 | 207 | -32 | 4.9 | 4.3 | -0.6
North Dakota...........| 19 | 16 | -3* | 4.4 | 3.7 | -0.7
Ohio...................| 195 | 230 | 35 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 0.6
Pennsylvania...........| 183 | 221 | 38 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 0.6
South Dakota...........| 20 | 24 | 4 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 0.8
Washington.............| 138 | 160 | 22 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 0.5
Wisconsin..............| 112 | 128 | 16 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) = preliminary.
* Not significant.
Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Dec 2022 to Jan 2023, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
State | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month
| 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p) | 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 5,906 | 5,902 | -4 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0.0
Alaska.................| 18 | 22 | 4 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 1.1
Arkansas...............| 55 | 64 | 9 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 0.5*
Georgia................| 220 | 256 | 36 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 0.8
Idaho..................| 47 | 39 | -8 | 5.7 | 4.6 | -1.1
Indiana................| 154 | 137 | -17 | 4.8 | 4.2 | -0.6
Iowa...................| 67 | 55 | -12 | 4.2 | 3.5 | -0.7
Minnesota..............| 89 | 110 | 21 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 0.7
North Carolina.........| 175 | 209 | 34 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 0.7
Utah...................| 82 | 71 | -11 | 4.9 | 4.2 | -0.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) = preliminary.
* Not significant.
Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Dec 2022 to Jan 2023, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
State | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month
| 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p) | 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 4,091 | 3,884 | -207 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -0.1
Colorado...............| 93 | 81 | -12 | 3.2 | 2.8 | -0.4
Florida................| 287 | 262 | -25 | 3.0 | 2.7 | -0.3*
Idaho..................| 34 | 27 | -7 | 4.1 | 3.2 | -0.9
Indiana................| 99 | 91 | -8* | 3.1 | 2.8 | -0.3
Iowa...................| 43 | 37 | -6 | 2.7 | 2.3 | -0.4
Maryland...............| 55 | 68 | 13 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.5
Oregon.................| 62 | 54 | -8 | 3.1 | 2.7 | -0.4*
Texas..................| 440 | 393 | -47 | 3.2 | 2.9 | -0.3
Utah...................| 63 | 50 | -13 | 3.8 | 2.9 | -0.9
Virginia...............| 109 | 96 | -13* | 2.7 | 2.3 | -0.4
Wyoming................| 12 | 10 | -2 | 4.2 | 3.5 | -0.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) = preliminary.
* Not significant.
Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Dec 2022 to Jan 2023, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
State | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month | Dec | Jan | Over-the-month
| 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p) | 2022 | 2023(p)| change(p)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 1,475 | 1,716 | 241 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.1
Alaska.................| 4 | 8 | 4 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.2
Arizona................| 22 | 30 | 8* | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3
Florida................| 68 | 126 | 58 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.6
Georgia................| 47 | 74 | 27 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.5
Illinois...............| 61 | 82 | 21 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.3
Indiana................| 49 | 39 | -10 | 1.5 | 1.2 | -0.3
Louisiana..............| 21 | 31 | 10 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.5
Minnesota..............| 24 | 35 | 11 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.4
Missouri...............| 42 | 32 | -10 | 1.4 | 1.1 | -0.3*
North Carolina.........| 42 | 76 | 34 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.7
Oregon.................| 13 | 21 | 8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.4
South Carolina.........| 24 | 33 | 9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.4*
Texas..................| 114 | 147 | 33 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p) = preliminary.
* Not significant.
United States Department of Labor
