TEXT Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 6. Incidence rates 1/ for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 6. Incidence rates 1/ for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 10. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Technical information: USDL-95-142 (202) 606-6170 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: Wednesday, April 26, 1995 K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 WORK INJURIES AND ILLNESSES BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS, 1993 Overexertion, being struck by objects, and falls to the same level are the leading ways in which workers are hurt on the job, together accounting for over half of the 2-1/4 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1993 that resulted in days away from work. Where workers are most likely to sustain such disabling injuries and illnesses depends on the specific workplace risk. Nursing homes, for example, led all other industries in the rate of injuries due to overexertion or to workers falling to the same level. But logging sites ranked first for workers being struck by objects; roofing led in falls to a lower level; and motorcycle and bicycle factories were among several manufacturing industries with high rates of repetitive motion disorders. (See table A.) These findings are from the 1993 national survey of work-related injuries and illnesses in private industry by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The 1993 results announced today look at the number and incidence rate of disabling injuries and illnesses resulting in lost work time from four viewpoints: The nature of those conditions, the part of the body affected, the source producing the condition, and the way they occurred. (See tables 4 through 6.) Besides these characteristics, the survey also looks at the occupation and other demographics of workers disabled (tables 1 through 3) and the median days away from work to recuperate from these injuries and illnesses (tables 7 through 10). Such data enable researchers to identify industries, occupations, and worker groups having a relatively high risk of serious, nonfatal injury or illness and to zero in on how those incidents occurred and their severity. Workers at risk Just as certain industries are relatively hazardous, so are certain occupations and groups of workers. Truck drivers, nonconstruction laborers (except farm), and nursing aides and orderlies--three groupings with at least 100,000 cases each involving days away from work and each with over a million workers--had larger shares of the injury and illness case total than its share of total employment. Likewise, men had a larger share (two- thirds) of the surveywide total of days away from work cases (2- 1/4 million) than their share (55 percent) of total employment. Table 2 shows shares of the case total for various worker groups while table 3 contains occupational counts that can be converted into occupational shares of the total case count. In measuring relative risk, case shares are compared with employment shares for the same occupation or some other worker grouping. (The latter work force data come from the Current Population Survey, 1993 annual averages, conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics.) - 2 - Table A. Industries with the highest rates of injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work, selected categories of disabling events and exposures, 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Event and Annual Cases per Industry average 10,000 (SIC code1/) employment2/ workers (000's) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Total, all events and exposures3/ Private industry 91,932.1 286 Logging (241) 76.0 813 Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work (176) 202.0 797 Overexertion Private industry 91,932.1 81 Nursing and personal care facilities (805) 1,615.0 363 Air transportation, scheduled (451) 605.7 290 Struck by object Private industry 91,932.1 37 Logging (241) 76.0 342 Wood containers (244) 43.6 208 Struck against object Private industry 91,932.1 21 Animal specialties (027) 15.1 138 Bituminous coal and lignite mining (122) 97.3 87 Fall to same level Private industry 91,932.1 31 Nursing and personal care facilities (805) 1,615.0 96 Hotels and motels (701) 1,523.8 75 Fall to a lower level Private industry 91,932.1 14 Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work (176) 202.0 139 Masonry, stonework, and plastering (174) 412.1 90 Repetitive motion Private industry 91,932.1 12 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts (375) 17.4 105 Hats, caps, and millinery (235) 20.0 96 Nonfatal assault by person Private industry 91,932.1 3 Residential care (836) 572.7 47 Nursing and personal care facilities (805) 1,615.0 38 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. Ranking of rates was done at a three-digit industry level, for industries with at least 100 cases in a given event. 2/ Annual average employment is derived from the BLS - State Current Employment Statistics program and from the BLS Covered Employment and Wages program. 3/ Includes categories besides those shown separately. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - 3 - Although they are a relatively safe group overall, working women, nevertheless, accounted for a larger share of repetitive motion disorders and injuries from violent acts than men did. The following tabulation provides a thumbnail sketch of these two disabling events. Other survey data show that factory work had a much larger share of the 94,000 repetitive motion disorders than did key entry; and nursing staff sustained a substantial fraction of the 21,000 injuries resulting from nonfatal assaults, many of which were inflicted by health care patients. Percent of case total for-- Characteristic Repetitive Nonfatal assaults motion by persons _________________________________________________ Total........ 100 % 100 % Men............. 35 42 Women........... 64 57 Manufacturing... 53 4 Trade........... 14 20 Services........ 18 67 Health care.... 6 38 Other........... 15 9 Median days away from work...... 20 days 5 days Injury and illness characteristics Workers face a variety of job hazards, such as heavy lifting, working at elevations, and performing repetitive tasks, that singly or in combination can lead to serious injuries and illnesses. The disabilities can come in many forms as well, such as sprains from overexertion, fractures from falls, and carpal tunnel syndrome from repetitive motion. Tables 4 and 5 contain the major categories of four characteristics used to describe each disabling injury and illness. To illustrate this topology, consider an injury to a nursing aide who sprains her back while lifting a patient. The nature, or physical effect, is a sprain and/or strain; the part of body affected, her back; the event, overexertion while lifting; and the source, the health care patient. Of the four characteristics, only the source changes when coding a similar incident for a truck driver who sprains his back trying to lift a box. Sprain and strain was, by far, the leading injury and illness category in every major industry division. Similarly, back and other portions of the trunk was the major part of the body affected. Back sprains, in fact, accounted for nearly a fourth of the survey case total. - 4 - The way injuries and illnesses occurred varied somewhat by industry, partly due to differing work activities, materials and equipment used, and work processes. Disabling falls and repetitive motion disorders, for example, were more common in finance, insurance, and real estate than in wholesale trade. The latter industry, however, reported proportionately more lost workday cases resulting from overexertion and from workers struck by an object than did the finance sector. Source of injury and illness also varied in importance by industry. Containers, for example, produced fully a fifth of the cases in transportation and trade, but about 5 percent of those in mining and construction, where, instead, various parts and materials were the disabling sources most commonly cited. Measuring duration Millions of workdays are lost to serious injuries and illnesses each year, but until recently little had been known about what kinds of cases result in the longest absences from work. Tables 7 through 10 present information on the duration of injuries and illnesses for the same categories used to describe their characteristics. Median days away from work--the key measure of duration used here--designates the point at which half the cases involved more days and half involved fewer days. The survey found that for a disabling condition: *The median number of lost workdays was 6 days surveywide. Of the 2-1/4 million cases, three-tenths lasted a day or two, excluding the day of the incident; a third were of 3 to 10 days duration; about a sixth lasted 11 to 30 days; and a fifth, 31 days or more. *Injury and illness duration increases with age, doubling from a median of 4 or 5 workdays lost for workers 16 to 35 years to 10 days for those 55 years and over. This pattern holds for both men and women. *Median days away from work for carpal tunnel syndrome, amputations, and fractures were three to five times the national median of 6 days. *Repetitive motion, such as grasping tools, scanning groceries, and typing, resulted in the longest absences from work among the leading events and exposures--a median of 20 days surveywide. Falls to a lower level, fires and explosions, and transportation incidents also had medians well above the national median. *Medians varied little among occupations having relatively large numbers of injuries and illnesses. In that group, the medians were commonly 5 days, with a low of 4 days for cooks, welders, and auto mechanics and a high of 8 days for sewing-machine operators and 9 days for truck drivers. - 5 - *Medians also varied little among major industry divisions (ranging from 5 to 8 days), except for mining (with a median of 16 days). More variation occurred among individual industries. Falls in construction profiled Historically, the construction industry has led manufacturing and other major industrial classifications in the overall rate of serious, nonfatal injuries and illnesses. Disabling falls continue to be a substantial part of construction's safety problem, accounting for about a fifth of its 200,000 days away from work cases in 1993. The redesigned survey enables researchers to analyze a specific injury and illness problem, like falls in construction, in some detail. Table B illustrates this survey capability, showing detailed information by type of fall, the resulting disabling condition, the occupations affected, and the severity of various types of falls. Disabling falls require longer periods of recuperation than other disabling events in the construction industry. The industry's 41,800 disabling falls had a median of 14 days away from work, double a median of 7 days for all construction in 1993. Falls to a lower level generally result in proportionately more serious injuries, such as fractures, that require longer recuperation periods than do falls on the same level in construction. The 17-day median for the 23,700 falls from elevations compares with a 10-day median for the 15,500 falls on the same level. ("All falls" includes the category "jumps to a lower level," not shown separately in table B.) Falls from a roof require especially lengthy periods of recuperation. The risk of disabling falls can vary by occupation. Construction laborers accounted for the largest share (over a fifth) of all falls in construction, exceeding their one-eighth share of all private wage and salary workers in that industry. Carpenters, by contrast, experienced a sixth of all construction falls, lower than their one-fifth share of the industry's wage and salary workers. Roofers appear to face only a slightly above-average risk of falls, suggesting that less experienced workers, such as roofing helpers and construction laborers, contribute along with roofers to the high rate of elevated falls to a lower level in the roofing industry. - 6 - Table B. Lost workday injuries and illnesses resulting from falls in the construction industry, selected characteristics, 1993 ------------------------------------------------------------ Characteristic Characteristic ------------------------------------------------------------ Type of fall Occupation All falls: All falls: Number..................41,800 Number..........41,800 Percent................. 100 % Percent 100 % Fall to lower level...... 57 Construction trade... 55 Down stairs.............. 4 Supervisor.......... 5 From floor, dock, ground Nonsupervisory...... 50 to lower level.......... 3 Carpenter.......... 16 From ladder.............. 20 Drywall installer.. 3 From roof................ 7 Electrician........ 6 From scaffold............ 8 Painter............ 4 From nonmoving vehicle... 6 Plumber/pipefitter. 4 Fall on same level....... 37 Roofer............. 4 Other (including jump).... 6 Other trade........ 13 Other than trade..... 45 Disabling condition Helper, construct.. 4 Laborer, construct. 23 Fall to lower level: Other.............. 18 Number..................23,700 Percent................. 100 % Median days away Fracture................. 28 from work Sprain, strain........... 29 Bruise, contusion........ 11 All falls......14 days Multiple injury.......... 10 Other condition.......... 22 Fall to lower level...17 Down stairs..........12 Fall on same level: Floor/dock/ground to Number..................15,500 lower level.........11 Percent................. 100 % From ladder..........15 Fracture................. 18 From roof............33 Sprain, strain........... 35 From scaffold........21 Bruise, contusion........ 16 From nonmoving vehic.11 Multiple injury.......... 6 Other condition.......... 25 Fall on same level....10 ------------------------------------------------------------ SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, 1993. Background of the survey The Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported annually on the number of days away from work injuries and illnesses in private industry and the frequency of such incidents since the early 1970s. The 1993 national survey, however, marks only the second year that BLS has collected additional detailed information on such cases in the form of worker and case characteristics data summarized in this release. (Counts and rates for cases without lost workdays and related measures also date back to the early 1970s. But because of limited resources, additional detail on less serious cases such as these has not been collected.) - 7 - The number and frequency (incidence rates) of these cases are based on logs and other records kept by private industry employers during the year. These records reflect not only the year's injury and illness experience but also the employer's understanding of which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in any given year also can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked. The survey continues to measure the number of new work- related illness cases which are recognized, diagnosed, and reported each year. In 1993, 117,000 of the 2-1/4 million cases with days away from work were classified as illnesses. Some conditions, e.g., long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome). The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program (50/50 funded) in which employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry establishments and processed by State agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration. The survey excludes fatalities at work and work-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses to the self employed; to workers on farms with fewer than 11 employees; to private household workers; and to employees in federal, state, and local government agencies. The survey estimates of the characteristics of cases with days away from work are based on a scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. Two levels of sampling were used. First, establishments were selected to represent themselves and many also represented other establishments of like industry and workforce size that were not selected. Then, sampled establishments projected before the survey began to have large numbers of days away from work cases were instructed on how to sample those cases to minimize the burden of their response; an establishment expected to have 20 or fewer cases, however, was instructed to report on each case, regardless of the actual number it logged for 1993. The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have produced different estimates. The variation in the sample across all possible samples that could have been drawn is measured by the standard error. For example, the estimated - 8 - 41,800 disabling falls in construction has an estimated relative standard error of 0.8, or fewer than 400 cases. Such errors have been calculated for each estimate and are available upon request. The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain detailed information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional difficulties are general examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Occasionally, such nonsampling errors can produce apparent data anomalies. In 1993, for example, the median days away from work was 6 days surveywide but was 5 days each for men and for women. The disparity reflects a small number of cases, composing about 1 percent of the case total, for which data by sex were not readily available. These cases had a median of 9 days away from work, enough to explain why the overall median is a day higher than the one for either men or women. Nonsampling errors are not measured and will always be an integral part of any statistics-gathering program. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to reduce nonsampling error in its survey, including a rigorous training program for State coders and a continuing effort to encourage survey participants to respond fully and accurately to all survey elements. The four case characteristics used to describe disabling injury or illness comprise the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Structures. The occupation of the disabled worker is based on the 1990 Occupational Classification System developed by the Bureau of the Census. Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries As part of its new safety and health statistical system, the Bureau publishes complete counts and characteristics of fatal work injuries. The latest information for 1993 was released in August 1994. For 1993, the BLS Census counted about 6,300 fatal work injuries, of which about 4,300 were private wage and salary workers, 700 worked in government, and virtually all the rest were self employed individuals. Highway incidents and homicides were the leading ways in which workers were fatally injured, together over a third of the fatality total. Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1993 (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total............................... 2252.6 44.8 21.1 204.8 583.8 233.0 160.9 408.6 60.2 535.4 Sex: Men.................................... 1490.4 37.1 20.5 199.6 431.7 182.7 138.8 235.7 29.5 214.8 Women.................................. 735.6 7.4 .6 4.3 148.3 37.9 20.9 170.0 29.9 316.4 Age: 14 to 15 years......................... .9 .1 - - - - .1 .5 - .2 16 to 19 years......................... 95.8 2.0 .3 5.8 15.8 3.9 4.8 43.1 1.2 19.0 20 to 24 years......................... 319.7 7.8 1.9 28.5 74.7 24.3 23.5 81.3 6.8 71.1 25 to 34 years......................... 724.4 16.3 5.7 78.5 185.7 77.6 56.6 121.6 17.7 164.7 35 to 44 years......................... 566.4 9.8 7.3 52.1 158.4 65.3 40.7 80.0 15.1 137.7 45 to 54 years......................... 323.5 4.8 3.8 22.5 93.2 42.0 22.0 43.0 10.6 81.7 55 to 64 years......................... 148.2 2.4 1.5 10.0 42.2 14.7 8.5 22.5 6.0 40.3 65 years and over...................... 21.6 .4 .1 .9 3.4 1.1 1.5 6.2 1.3 6.6 Occupation: Managerial and professional specialty.. 123.6 .8 .5 2.6 8.5 4.0 5.5 16.2 8.4 77.1 Technical, sales, and administrative support............................. 344.4 1.2 .6 2.7 37.4 36.7 24.7 127.2 25.0 88.8 Service................................ 414.1 .7 .1 .6 12.1 12.1 2.7 119.6 13.3 253.1 Farming, forestry, and fishing......... 59.0 35.2 - .5 5.7 .5 2.3 2.3 3.5 9.2 Precision production, craft, and repair 366.1 1.4 10.2 117.6 100.6 32.9 18.8 41.9 6.1 36.8 Operators, fabricators, and laborers... 925.5 5.3 9.5 79.5 413.7 144.8 105.5 97.7 3.3 66.3 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months..................... 278.7 10.1 2.7 43.5 60.2 16.2 18.4 59.4 4.4 63.8 3 to 11 months......................... 410.1 8.8 3.3 45.1 88.5 28.2 30.6 90.9 9.6 105.1 1 to 5 years........................... 754.9 14.9 6.3 64.5 174.6 71.2 56.7 139.6 23.6 203.5 More than 5 years...................... 598.0 8.5 7.5 39.5 208.9 77.4 44.5 74.9 18.0 118.8 Not reported........................... 210.9 2.5 1.4 12.1 51.7 40.0 10.7 43.9 4.5 44.2 Race or ethnic origin: White, non-Hispanic.................... 1250.1 18.0 5.6 141.6 343.9 98.2 102.6 224.6 32.9 282.6 Black, non-Hispanic.................... 195.8 2.4 .3 10.8 52.4 17.9 13.5 28.3 5.6 64.6 Hispanic............................... 192.3 17.1 1.6 18.0 50.6 10.9 16.0 29.0 5.7 43.4 Asian or Pacific Islander.............. 33.2 .5 - 1.8 7.5 2.0 2.0 6.9 1.1 11.4 American Indian or Alaskan Native...... 9.2 .2 - 1.8 2.3 .6 .6 1.2 .2 2.3 Not reported........................... 572.1 6.6 13.5 30.8 127.1 103.4 26.3 118.6 14.7 131.1 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1993 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex: Men.................................... 66.2 82.8 97.2 97.5 73.9 78.4 86.3 57.7 49.1 40.1 Women.................................. 32.7 16.5 2.7 2.1 25.4 16.3 13.0 41.6 49.7 59.1 Age: 14 to 15 years......................... - .1 - - - - - .1 - - 16 to 19 years......................... 4.3 4.5 1.4 2.8 2.7 1.7 3.0 10.5 1.9 3.5 20 to 24 years......................... 14.2 17.3 8.9 13.9 12.8 10.4 14.6 19.9 11.2 13.3 25 to 34 years......................... 32.2 36.4 27.0 38.3 31.8 33.3 35.2 29.7 29.3 30.8 35 to 44 years......................... 25.1 22.0 34.8 25.5 27.1 28.0 25.3 19.6 25.1 25.7 45 to 54 years......................... 14.4 10.6 17.9 11.0 16.0 18.0 13.6 10.5 17.6 15.3 55 to 64 years......................... 6.6 5.4 7.0 4.9 7.2 6.3 5.3 5.5 10.0 7.5 65 years and over...................... 1.0 1.0 .5 .4 .6 .5 1.0 1.5 2.2 1.2 Occupation: Managerial and professional specialty.. 5.5 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 3.4 4.0 13.9 14.4 Technical, sales, and administrative support............................. 15.3 2.8 2.7 1.3 6.4 15.7 15.4 31.1 41.6 16.6 Service................................ 18.4 1.5 .3 .3 2.1 5.2 1.7 29.3 22.1 47.3 Farming, forestry, and fishing......... 2.6 78.5 - .2 1.0 .2 1.4 .6 5.8 1.7 Precision production, craft, and repair 16.3 3.0 48.2 57.4 17.2 14.1 11.7 10.2 10.1 6.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers... 41.1 11.8 44.9 38.8 70.9 62.1 65.5 23.9 5.5 12.4 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months..................... 12.4 22.5 12.7 21.3 10.3 6.9 11.5 14.5 7.4 11.9 3 to 11 months......................... 18.2 19.7 15.6 22.0 15.2 12.1 19.0 22.2 16.0 19.6 1 to 5 years........................... 33.5 33.3 29.8 31.5 29.9 30.6 35.2 34.2 39.2 38.0 More than 5 years...................... 26.5 18.9 35.5 19.3 35.8 33.2 27.7 18.3 30.0 22.2 Not reported........................... 9.4 5.6 6.5 5.9 8.8 17.2 6.6 10.7 7.4 8.3 Race or ethnic origin: White, non-Hispanic.................... 55.5 40.1 26.8 69.1 58.9 42.2 63.7 55.0 54.7 52.8 Black, non-Hispanic.................... 8.7 5.3 1.4 5.3 9.0 7.7 8.4 6.9 9.3 12.1 Hispanic............................... 8.5 38.2 7.5 8.8 8.7 4.7 10.0 7.1 9.4 8.1 Asian or Pacific Islander.............. 1.5 1.1 - .9 1.3 .9 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 American Indian or Alaskan Native...... .4 .5 - .9 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 Not reported........................... 25.4 14.7 64.1 15.0 21.8 44.4 16.3 29.0 24.4 24.5 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and industry division, 1993 (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total............................... 2252.6 44.8 21.1 204.8 583.8 233.0 160.9 408.6 60.2 535.4 Truck drivers............................ 154.7 1.5 1.0 5.9 15.0 76.8 27.4 17.1 .8 9.2 Laborers, nonconstruction................ 146.3 1.1 2.5 - 56.5 9.7 37.6 20.7 1.3 17.1 Nursing aides, orderlies................. 103.9 - - - - - - - .5 103.4 Janitors and cleaners.................... 62.1 .5 - .4 10.3 1.6 1.9 8.4 8.3 30.7 Construction laborers.................... 54.6 - - 53.1 .1 .4 .1 .1 .1 .8 Assemblers............................... 46.8 .1 - .3 41.8 .1 1.8 .8 - 1.8 Cooks.................................... 42.5 - - - .2 .1 .2 29.8 .3 12.0 Miscellaneous food preparation........... 40.7 - - - .3 .3 .1 30.2 .3 9.4 Stock handlers and baggers............... 39.5 - - - 2.2 .5 3.3 32.0 - 1.4 Cashiers................................. 35.4 - - - .2 .2 .9 31.3 .2 2.7 Carpenters............................... 34.8 .1 .1 27.3 3.1 .4 .3 1.1 .6 2.0 Sales workers, miscellaneous commodities. 31.8 - - .1 .4 .2 .9 28.0 .1 2.2 Maids and housemen....................... 31.7 - - - .1 - - .3 .5 30.7 Registered nurses........................ 31.4 - - - .1 - - - .1 31.2 Supervisors and proprietors, sales....... 31.2 - - .1 1.6 .1 4.1 22.9 1.1 1.2 Welders and cutters...................... 29.4 .2 .4 2.2 21.2 1.1 1.9 .3 .2 2.0 Shipping and receiving clerks............ 26.3 .1 - .1 7.5 7.0 3.7 5.9 .1 1.8 Waiters and waitresses................... 22.3 - - - - - - 15.6 .2 6.4 Automobile mechanics..................... 22.0 - - - .4 .4 .9 14.9 - 5.3 Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm 21.3 8.2 - .4 .5 .2 .3 1.1 3.2 7.4 Farm workers............................. 20.5 18.3 - - .6 .1 .9 - .2 .3 Driver-sales workers..................... 18.3 - - - 6.4 1.3 7.5 1.4 - 1.6 Electricians............................. 17.7 - .5 12.0 3.0 .7 .2 .1 .1 1.1 Kitchen workers.......................... 16.7 - - - .1 .1 .1 15.0 .1 1.4 Sewing machine operators................. 16.5 - - - 16.0 - .1 - - .3 Supervisors, production.................. 16.1 - .1 - 11.2 .8 1.3 .8 .1 1.8 Licensed practical nurses................ 15.0 - - - - - - - - 14.9 Stock and inventory clerks............... 14.8 - - .2 3.4 .7 1.6 6.2 .1 2.5 Packaging machine operators.............. 14.8 .1 - - 13.7 .1 .5 .1 - .3 Guards and police, except public......... 14.6 .1 - - .6 .8 .1 1.8 1.1 10.2 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Because of rounding and occupations not shown, data may not sum to the totals. Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1993 (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total............................... 2252.6 44.8 21.1 204.8 583.8 233.0 160.9 408.6 60.2 535.4 Nature of injury, illness: Sprains, strains....................... 959.2 15.9 8.9 77.0 222.5 116.1 73.5 163.2 22.1 259.8 Bruises, contusions.................... 211.2 4.3 2.3 15.2 53.1 23.0 15.4 42.2 4.5 51.3 Cuts, lacerations...................... 169.9 4.5 1.2 18.2 48.1 9.3 10.5 47.7 3.3 27.1 Fractures.............................. 136.5 2.9 2.4 20.5 35.4 13.8 10.6 21.3 4.9 24.8 Carpal tunnel syndrome................. 41.0 .3 .1 1.2 18.7 2.4 1.8 5.0 2.7 8.8 Heat burns............................. 37.7 .3 .3 2.7 9.0 1.1 1.3 15.3 .3 7.4 Tendonitis............................. 25.0 .3 - 1.1 13.2 1.1 1.2 2.7 .9 4.5 Chemical burns......................... 15.7 .3 .2 1.5 5.3 1.1 1.3 2.6 .3 3.1 Amputations............................ 11.3 .3 .2 1.1 6.2 .4 .9 1.1 .3 .9 Multiple injuries...................... 73.2 1.9 1.2 7.1 17.0 7.8 5.5 12.6 2.7 17.3 Part of body affected: Head................................... 155.5 4.4 1.5 18.7 45.1 14.8 10.3 25.0 4.1 31.6 Eye.................................. 88.3 2.9 .7 13.0 31.4 6.3 6.3 10.7 1.4 15.5 Neck................................... 40.7 .6 .5 3.2 9.1 5.6 3.0 6.1 1.2 11.4 Trunk.................................. 869.4 14.9 8.4 73.5 210.1 96.1 67.5 149.8 19.2 230.0 Shoulder............................. 105.9 1.8 .8 8.1 29.4 12.9 7.4 16.1 2.3 27.2 Back................................. 615.0 10.0 5.7 51.8 141.0 66.5 48.3 107.4 13.7 170.6 Upper extremities...................... 518.7 10.2 4.0 43.3 177.6 36.4 31.1 105.7 12.4 98.1 Wrist................................ 114.5 1.7 .5 7.2 41.3 9.0 6.3 18.2 4.6 25.6 Hand, except finger.................. 92.4 2.0 .7 8.7 28.3 5.9 5.7 21.3 1.7 18.0 Finger............................... 192.6 4.2 1.9 17.0 70.1 9.9 11.4 43.5 3.7 30.9 Lower extremities...................... 440.0 9.9 4.7 47.7 97.7 53.7 35.1 82.2 11.9 97.1 Knee................................. 144.7 3.1 1.7 15.4 31.4 17.4 10.5 25.8 3.5 35.8 Foot, except toe..................... 85.2 1.7 .8 9.7 20.6 9.1 7.4 18.1 2.0 15.9 Toe.................................. 29.6 .5 .2 3.0 7.6 3.3 2.8 6.2 .8 5.2 Body systems........................... 32.0 .6 .2 2.1 7.1 3.4 1.2 3.7 3.1 10.5 Multiple parts......................... 177.2 3.5 1.7 14.7 33.2 21.0 11.8 32.1 7.4 51.9 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1993 (continued) (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Source of injury, illness: Chemicals and chemical products........ 43.4 0.8 1.2 2.9 14.9 3.0 2.4 6.8 1.1 10.2 Containers............................. 330.3 4.7 1.2 11.1 85.5 46.3 36.7 89.5 5.8 49.6 Furniture and fixtures................. 88.8 .3 .1 3.5 16.8 4.9 4.7 23.8 3.5 31.1 Machinery.............................. 154.1 3.3 2.5 12.9 64.1 6.4 12.7 26.7 3.3 22.3 Parts and materials.................... 249.1 3.8 3.8 50.4 97.2 20.8 19.6 28.9 2.7 21.9 Worker motion or position.............. 332.0 6.0 1.1 24.9 110.2 35.1 21.7 47.6 11.2 74.2 Floors, walkways, ground surfaces...... 340.2 7.3 3.2 36.4 57.2 34.6 20.7 73.6 13.9 93.2 Tools, instruments, and equipment...... 141.8 3.8 1.8 21.4 37.8 9.3 6.8 30.2 3.3 27.3 Vehicles............................... 157.4 3.6 1.3 9.6 26.7 37.9 18.3 23.2 4.4 32.4 Health care patient.................... 99.4 - - - - 1.8 - .1 .4 97.1 Event or exposure: Contact with objects and equipment .... 614.6 15.0 8.2 69.5 191.3 52.0 45.3 119.1 11.5 102.7 Struck by object..................... 294.2 7.4 4.4 35.2 78.7 24.5 22.0 65.4 5.6 51.0 Struck against object................ 161.8 3.9 1.8 16.7 44.9 14.4 11.0 34.3 3.8 30.9 Caught in equipment or object........ 98.2 2.1 1.8 7.5 46.7 6.8 8.0 11.5 1.4 12.4 Fall to lower level.................... 111.3 3.6 1.8 23.7 17.7 14.1 8.1 15.9 5.4 20.9 Fall to same level..................... 244.1 4.0 1.9 15.5 42.8 21.8 12.9 60.9 9.2 75.3 Slips, trips, loss of balance without fall................................ 83.1 1.9 .4 6.9 17.5 10.6 6.1 17.2 2.1 20.2 Overexertion........................... 635.8 8.6 6.1 46.4 156.8 67.5 51.3 108.8 12.3 178.1 Overexertion in lifting.............. 380.4 5.2 2.4 27.2 88.7 38.6 32.8 74.8 7.5 103.3 Repetitive motion...................... 94.3 .8 .2 3.1 49.6 5.2 3.9 9.3 5.2 17.1 Exposure to harmful substances......... 111.5 2.4 1.0 8.9 31.4 8.1 5.1 24.3 2.6 27.8 Transportation accidents............... 71.3 1.8 .4 5.5 9.3 17.6 8.0 8.0 2.9 17.8 Fires and explosions................... 4.8 .1 .1 .8 1.2 .3 .7 .9 .1 .7 Assaults and violent acts by person.... 21.3 .1 - .2 .8 .9 .3 4.0 .7 14.2 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Because of rounding and classifications not shown, data may not sum to the totals. Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1993 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Nature of injury, illness: Sprains, strains....................... 42.6 35.6 42.3 37.6 38.1 49.8 45.7 39.9 36.8 48.5 Bruises, contusions.................... 9.4 9.5 10.8 7.4 9.1 9.9 9.6 10.3 7.5 9.6 Cuts, lacerations...................... 7.5 10.0 5.8 8.9 8.2 4.0 6.5 11.7 5.5 5.1 Fractures.............................. 6.1 6.4 11.2 10.0 6.1 5.9 6.6 5.2 8.1 4.6 Carpal tunnel syndrome................. 1.8 .6 .3 .6 3.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 4.5 1.6 Heat burns............................. 1.7 .7 1.5 1.3 1.5 .5 .8 3.8 .5 1.4 Tendonitis............................. 1.1 .6 - .6 2.3 .5 .8 .7 1.5 .8 Chemical burns......................... .7 .8 .8 .7 .9 .5 .8 .6 .5 .6 Amputations............................ .5 .6 .9 .6 1.1 .2 .6 .3 .4 .2 Multiple injuries...................... 3.2 4.3 5.8 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.1 4.5 3.2 Part of body affected: Head................................... 6.9 9.8 7.0 9.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.8 5.9 Eye.................................. 3.9 6.5 3.4 6.4 5.4 2.7 3.9 2.6 2.4 2.9 Neck................................... 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.5 2.0 2.1 Trunk.................................. 38.6 33.3 39.9 35.9 36.0 41.2 41.9 36.7 31.9 43.0 Shoulder............................. 4.7 4.0 3.7 4.0 5.0 5.5 4.6 3.9 3.9 5.1 Back................................. 27.3 22.2 26.8 25.3 24.1 28.6 30.0 26.3 22.8 31.9 Upper extremities...................... 23.0 22.8 18.9 21.1 30.4 15.6 19.3 25.9 20.6 18.3 Wrist................................ 5.1 3.7 2.4 3.5 7.1 3.9 3.9 4.5 7.7 4.8 Hand, except finger.................. 4.1 4.5 3.3 4.2 4.9 2.5 3.5 5.2 2.9 3.4 Finger............................... 8.6 9.4 8.9 8.3 12.0 4.3 7.1 10.7 6.1 5.8 Lower extremities...................... 19.5 22.2 22.2 23.3 16.7 23.0 21.8 20.1 19.8 18.1 Knee................................. 6.4 7.0 8.2 7.5 5.4 7.5 6.5 6.3 5.8 6.7 Foot, except toe..................... 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.8 3.5 3.9 4.6 4.4 3.3 3.0 Toe.................................. 1.3 1.2 .9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 Body systems........................... 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 .7 .9 5.2 2.0 Multiple parts......................... 7.9 7.8 8.1 7.2 5.7 9.0 7.3 7.9 12.3 9.7 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1993 (continued) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties3/| | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Source of injury, illness: Chemicals and chemical products........ 1.9 1.9 5.7 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 Containers............................. 14.7 10.4 5.8 5.4 14.6 19.9 22.8 21.9 9.6 9.3 Furniture and fixtures................. 3.9 .8 .6 1.7 2.9 2.1 2.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 Machinery.............................. 6.8 7.3 11.7 6.3 11.0 2.7 7.9 6.5 5.5 4.2 Parts and materials.................... 11.1 8.5 17.8 24.6 16.6 8.9 12.2 7.1 4.4 4.1 Worker motion or position.............. 14.7 13.4 5.4 12.2 18.9 15.1 13.5 11.6 18.6 13.9 Floors, walkways, ground surfaces...... 15.1 16.2 15.4 17.8 9.8 14.8 12.9 18.0 23.0 17.4 Tools, instruments, and equipment...... 6.3 8.6 8.5 10.5 6.5 4.0 4.2 7.4 5.5 5.1 Vehicles............................... 7.0 8.0 6.2 4.7 4.6 16.3 11.4 5.7 7.3 6.0 Health care patient.................... 4.4 - - - - .8 - - .6 18.1 Event or exposure: Contact with objects and equipment .... 27.3 33.4 39.1 34.0 32.8 22.3 28.2 29.1 19.1 19.2 Struck by object..................... 13.1 16.5 21.0 17.2 13.5 10.5 13.7 16.0 9.3 9.5 Struck against object................ 7.2 8.7 8.5 8.2 7.7 6.2 6.9 8.4 6.3 5.8 Caught in equipment or object........ 4.4 4.7 8.4 3.7 8.0 2.9 5.0 2.8 2.3 2.3 Fall to lower level.................... 4.9 8.1 8.3 11.6 3.0 6.0 5.0 3.9 8.9 3.9 Fall to same level..................... 10.8 8.9 8.9 7.6 7.3 9.3 8.0 14.9 15.2 14.1 Slips, trips, loss of balance without fall................................ 3.7 4.3 1.8 3.4 3.0 4.6 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.8 Overexertion........................... 28.2 19.2 28.7 22.7 26.9 29.0 31.9 26.6 20.5 33.3 Overexertion in lifting.............. 16.9 11.5 11.3 13.3 15.2 16.5 20.4 18.3 12.5 19.3 Repetitive motion...................... 4.2 1.8 .8 1.5 8.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 8.6 3.2 Exposure to harmful substances......... 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.3 5.4 3.5 3.2 5.9 4.3 5.2 Transportation accidents............... 3.2 4.1 1.9 2.7 1.6 7.5 5.0 2.0 4.8 3.3 Fires and explosions................... .2 .2 .3 .4 .2 .1 .4 .2 .2 .1 Assaults and violent acts by person.... .9 .2 - .1 .1 .4 .2 1.0 1.2 2.7 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Because of rounding and classifications not shown, percentages may not add to 100. Table 6. Incidence rates 1/ for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 2/ per 10,000 full-time workers for selected characteristics and industry division, 1993 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 4/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance, & |ices | 3/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 3/ | | | |ties4/| | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 285.6 421.3 334.1 490.5 326.1 425.9 280.0 274.2 99.1 233.6 Nature of injury, illness: Sprains, strains....................... 121.6 149.9 141.4 184.4 124.3 212.3 127.8 109.6 36.4 113.4 Bruises, contusions.................... 26.8 40.1 36.1 36.4 29.6 42.0 26.8 28.3 7.4 22.4 Cuts, lacerations...................... 21.5 42.0 19.4 43.6 26.8 17.1 18.3 32.0 5.4 11.8 Fractures.............................. 17.3 26.9 37.4 49.2 19.8 25.2 18.4 14.3 8.0 10.8 Carpal tunnel syndrome................. 5.2 2.4 1.1 2.9 10.4 4.5 3.1 3.4 4.4 3.8 Heat burns............................. 4.8 3.0 5.0 6.4 5.0 2.0 2.2 10.3 - 3.2 Tendonitis............................. 3.2 2.4 - 2.7 7.4 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.5 2.0 Chemical burns......................... 2.0 3.2 2.6 3.6 2.9 2.0 2.3 1.7 - 1.4 Amputations............................ 1.4 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.5 - 1.6 - - - Multiple injuries...................... 9.3 17.9 19.5 17.1 9.5 14.2 9.5 8.5 4.5 7.5 Part of body affected: Head................................... 19.7 41.4 23.6 44.7 25.2 27.0 18.0 16.8 6.7 13.8 Eye.................................. 11.2 27.3 11.4 31.2 17.6 11.6 11.0 7.2 2.4 6.7 Neck................................... 5.2 5.5 7.5 7.7 5.1 10.3 5.2 4.1 2.0 5.0 Trunk.................................. 110.2 140.5 133.2 176.0 117.3 175.6 117.4 100.6 31.6 100.3 Shoulder............................. 13.4 16.7 12.3 19.4 16.4 23.5 12.8 10.8 3.9 11.8 Back................................. 78.0 93.5 89.7 124.1 78.7 121.6 84.1 72.1 22.6 74.4 Upper extremities...................... 65.8 96.1 63.1 103.7 99.2 66.5 54.0 70.9 20.4 42.8 Wrist................................ 14.5 15.5 8.0 17.3 23.1 16.5 11.0 12.2 7.6 11.2 Hand, except finger.................. 11.7 19.0 11.1 20.8 15.8 10.8 9.9 14.3 2.8 7.9 Finger............................... 24.4 39.7 29.8 40.7 39.1 18.2 19.9 29.2 6.0 13.5 Lower extremities...................... 55.8 93.5 74.2 114.4 54.6 98.1 61.0 55.1 19.6 42.4 Knee................................. 18.3 29.5 27.4 36.8 17.6 31.8 18.3 17.3 5.8 15.6 Foot, except toe..................... 10.8 15.6 12.6 23.3 11.5 16.6 12.9 12.1 3.3 6.9 Toe.................................. 3.8 5.0 3.2 7.2 4.2 6.0 4.9 4.1 1.3 2.3 Body systems........................... 4.1 6.1 3.9 5.0 4.0 6.1 2.1 2.5 5.1 4.6 Multiple parts......................... 22.5 32.8 27.2 35.1 18.5 38.4 20.5 21.5 12.2 22.6 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 6. Incidence rates 1/ for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 2/ per 10,000 full-time workers for selected characteristics and industry division, 1993 (continued) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Goods-producing: | Service-producing: | |Agricul-| | | |Trans-| | |Finance,| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta-|Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 4/ |struc-|fac- |tion &|sale |trade |ance & |ices | 3/ | and | |tion |turing|public|trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili-| | |estate | | | 3/ | | | |ties4/| | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Source of injury, illness: Chemicals and chemical products........ 5.5 7.8 18.9 7.0 8.3 5.5 4.2 4.6 1.8 4.5 Containers............................. 41.9 43.8 19.4 26.5 47.7 84.6 63.9 60.1 9.6 21.6 Furniture and fixtures................. 11.3 3.2 1.8 8.5 9.4 8.9 8.2 16.0 5.8 13.6 Machinery.............................. 19.5 31.0 39.0 30.8 35.8 11.6 22.0 17.9 5.4 9.7 Parts and materials.................... 31.6 35.7 59.6 120.8 54.3 38.0 34.1 19.4 4.4 9.6 Worker motion or position.............. 42.1 56.3 18.1 59.7 61.5 64.2 37.7 31.9 18.4 32.4 Floors, walkways, ground surfaces...... 43.1 68.3 51.4 87.1 32.0 63.2 36.1 49.4 22.8 40.7 Tools, instruments, and equipment...... 18.0 36.0 28.2 51.3 21.1 16.9 11.9 20.3 5.4 11.9 Vehicles............................... 20.0 33.9 20.6 23.0 14.9 69.3 31.8 15.6 7.2 14.1 Health care patient.................... 12.6 - - - - 3.2 - - - 42.3 Event or exposure: Contact with objects and equipment .... 77.9 140.6 130.5 166.6 106.8 95.0 78.9 79.9 19.0 44.8 Struck by object..................... 37.3 69.3 70.2 84.2 43.9 44.8 38.2 43.9 9.2 22.3 Struck against object................ 20.5 36.8 28.5 40.1 25.1 26.2 19.2 23.0 6.3 13.5 Caught in equipment or object........ 12.4 19.7 28.0 17.9 26.1 12.4 14.0 7.7 2.2 5.4 Fall to lower level.................... 14.1 34.2 27.8 56.9 9.9 25.8 14.1 10.7 8.8 9.1 Fall to same level..................... 31.0 37.4 29.7 37.0 23.9 39.8 22.4 40.9 15.1 32.9 Slips, trips, loss of balance without fall................................ 10.5 18.0 5.8 16.6 9.8 19.4 10.7 11.6 3.5 8.8 Overexertion........................... 80.6 80.7 96.0 111.2 87.6 123.3 89.2 73.0 20.3 77.7 Overexertion in lifting.............. 48.2 48.6 37.8 65.2 49.5 70.5 57.0 50.2 12.4 45.1 Repetitive motion...................... 12.0 7.5 2.8 7.3 27.7 9.4 6.8 6.2 8.6 7.5 Exposure to harmful substances......... 14.1 22.3 15.8 21.2 17.5 14.8 8.9 16.3 4.3 12.2 Transportation accidents............... 9.0 17.4 6.4 13.2 5.2 32.1 14.0 5.4 4.7 7.8 Fires and explosions................... - - - 1.9 - - 1.2 - - - Assaults and violent acts by person.... 2.7 - - - - 1.6 - 2.7 1.2 6.2 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 20,000,000) where N = number of injuries and illnesses EH = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year 20,000,000 = base for 10,000 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 3/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available, data that do not meet publication guidelines, or data for incidence rates less than 1.0 per 10,000 full-time workers. Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and number of days away from work, 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Percent of cases involving: | | | | | | | | | |Median |Total| | | | | | | | days Characteristic |cases| | | | 6 to | 11 to| 21 to| 31 | away | | 1 day| 2 days|3 to 5| 10 | 20 | 30 | days | from | | | | days | days | days | days | or | work | | | | | | | | more | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 100.0 16.3 13.0 20.7 13.4 11.4 6.3 19.0 6 Sex: Men.................................... 100.0 16.4 12.9 20.7 13.3 11.3 6.4 19.0 5 Women.................................. 100.0 16.0 13.1 21.0 13.7 11.4 6.2 18.7 5 Age: 14 to 15 years......................... 100.0 24.7 23.1 19.1 16.9 7.3 4.2 4.8 3 16 to 19 years......................... 100.0 21.0 17.3 25.8 14.6 9.1 4.2 8.0 4 20 to 24 years......................... 100.0 20.0 16.0 22.7 14.1 10.4 5.1 11.8 4 25 to 34 years......................... 100.0 17.9 13.6 21.5 13.2 11.2 5.7 16.8 5 35 to 44 years......................... 100.0 14.7 11.8 20.0 13.4 11.5 6.8 21.7 7 45 to 54 years......................... 100.0 12.6 10.6 18.4 13.0 12.2 8.0 25.1 9 55 to 64 years......................... 100.0 11.5 10.1 17.5 13.5 12.7 7.8 27.0 10 65 years and over...................... 100.0 10.6 9.6 18.6 14.0 12.7 6.4 28.1 10 Occupation: Managerial and professional specialty.. 100.0 18.6 14.6 21.9 13.9 10.7 4.9 15.4 5 Technical, sales, and administrative support............................. 100.0 16.4 13.5 21.8 12.7 10.9 6.6 18.1 5 Service................................ 100.0 15.8 14.2 22.6 15.1 11.1 5.7 15.3 5 Farming, forestry, and fishing......... 100.0 13.8 13.4 22.9 15.1 12.4 6.1 16.4 6 Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 16.8 12.3 19.8 12.3 11.1 6.5 21.2 6 Operators, fabricators, and laborers... 100.0 15.9 12.2 19.6 13.2 11.8 6.6 20.8 6 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months..................... 100.0 18.2 14.5 22.5 13.4 10.2 5.5 15.8 5 3 to 11 months......................... 100.0 16.9 14.3 22.6 13.5 10.8 5.6 16.4 5 1 to 5 years........................... 100.0 16.6 13.5 20.8 13.6 11.1 6.2 18.3 5 More than 5 years...................... 100.0 14.8 11.1 18.9 13.0 12.5 7.3 22.4 7 Race or ethnic origin: White, non-Hispanic.................... 100.0 16.9 13.2 20.5 13.1 11.1 6.4 18.8 5 Black, non-Hispanic.................... 100.0 15.4 13.3 20.5 13.6 11.6 6.7 19.1 6 Hispanic............................... 100.0 14.4 12.4 21.6 14.3 11.8 6.1 19.3 6 Asian or Pacific Islander.............. 100.0 17.4 13.5 23.2 14.6 10.8 5.7 14.9 5 American Indian or Alaskan Native...... 100.0 16.6 13.1 21.9 13.5 12.4 5.7 16.9 5 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and number of days away from work, 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Percent of cases involving: | | | | | | | | | |Median |Total| | | | | | | | days Characteristic |cases| | | | 6 to | 11 to| 21 to| 31 | away | | 1 day| 2 days|3 to 5| 10 | 20 | 30 | days | from | | | | days | days | days | days | or | work | | | | | | | | more | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 100.0 16.3 13.0 20.7 13.4 11.4 6.3 19.0 6 Truck drivers............................ 100.0 11.4 10.2 19.2 13.4 13.0 7.4 25.4 9 Laborers, nonconstruction................ 100.0 17.3 13.6 21.1 13.3 11.5 5.9 17.4 5 Nursing aides, orderlies................. 100.0 13.8 12.9 23.0 16.5 11.4 5.7 16.6 6 Janitors and cleaners.................... 100.0 16.5 14.4 21.2 13.1 11.1 6.4 17.3 5 Construction laborers.................... 100.0 14.7 12.4 19.3 12.5 10.6 7.5 22.9 7 Assemblers............................... 100.0 17.1 11.7 18.7 12.7 11.9 6.7 21.2 6 Cooks.................................... 100.0 19.2 16.7 21.4 16.1 10.4 4.4 11.8 4 Miscellaneous food preparation........... 100.0 15.2 17.1 22.6 17.1 10.9 4.9 12.3 5 Stock handlers and baggers............... 100.0 14.9 12.8 21.7 16.0 12.4 5.8 16.5 6 Cashiers................................. 100.0 12.4 14.3 22.6 13.4 10.1 6.1 21.1 6 Carpenters............................... 100.0 15.0 11.6 19.7 11.5 11.6 7.0 23.6 7 Sales workers, miscellaneous commodities. 100.0 14.7 15.2 21.7 12.1 10.5 5.3 20.5 5 Maids and housemen....................... 100.0 14.3 14.8 23.0 13.8 10.4 7.4 16.3 5 Registered nurses........................ 100.0 18.7 13.2 21.8 15.1 12.8 4.9 13.5 5 Supervisors and proprietors, sales....... 100.0 16.4 13.0 21.8 13.1 10.8 6.3 18.5 5 Welders and cutters...................... 100.0 25.4 13.4 18.0 10.5 9.4 5.6 17.6 4 Shipping and receiving clerks............ 100.0 18.3 13.9 23.0 12.5 9.9 5.3 17.1 5 Waiters and waitresses................... 100.0 18.2 12.3 21.2 13.6 11.0 5.8 17.9 5 Automobile mechanics..................... 100.0 21.7 13.7 22.6 11.7 9.3 4.8 16.1 4 Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm 100.0 16.1 14.7 22.7 15.5 9.9 6.6 14.5 5 Farm workers............................. 100.0 12.1 12.5 25.2 15.9 12.2 5.8 16.3 6 Driver-sales workers..................... 100.0 12.7 11.9 19.4 13.8 13.5 7.4 21.3 7 Electricians............................. 100.0 16.7 11.7 19.1 10.6 11.5 6.6 23.9 7 Kitchen workers.......................... 100.0 13.2 13.5 25.6 14.8 13.5 5.9 13.5 5 Sewing machine operators................. 100.0 16.1 11.0 16.0 13.0 12.6 7.3 23.9 8 Supervisors, production.................. 100.0 17.6 13.4 21.0 15.0 10.9 5.7 16.4 5 Licensed practical nurses................ 100.0 15.1 12.7 23.7 14.7 10.5 5.3 18.0 5 Stock and inventory clerks............... 100.0 17.0 13.0 22.0 12.1 11.5 7.1 17.3 5 Packaging machine operators.............. 100.0 17.0 11.6 19.1 13.5 11.6 7.0 20.3 6 Guards and police, except public......... 100.0 14.0 12.9 21.9 15.1 8.9 6.7 20.4 6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Percent of cases involving: | | | | | | | | | |Median |Total| | | | | | | | days Characteristic |cases| | | | 6 to | 11 to| 21 to| 31 | away | | 1 day| 2 days|3 to 5| 10 | 20 | 30 | days | from | | | | days | days | days | days | or | work | | | | | | | | more | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Total [2,252,600 cases]............ 100.0 16.3 13.0 20.7 13.4 11.4 6.3 19.0 6 Nature of injury, illness: Sprains, strains....................... 100.0 12.8 12.6 23.3 14.9 12.1 6.0 18.3 6 Bruises, contusions.................... 100.0 23.6 17.6 23.8 11.7 9.2 4.2 9.8 3 Cuts, lacerations...................... 100.0 25.7 16.0 21.5 15.1 9.2 4.4 8.1 3 Fractures.............................. 100.0 7.4 7.3 11.7 10.9 14.0 11.0 37.7 20 Carpal tunnel syndrome................. 100.0 2.7 2.7 7.1 8.0 13.6 18.4 47.5 30 Heat burns............................. 100.0 18.6 16.2 22.1 16.6 11.9 6.3 8.2 4 Tendonitis............................. 100.0 11.9 9.6 17.9 13.8 14.5 7.5 24.7 10 Chemical burns......................... 100.0 33.4 21.3 21.7 9.4 6.0 2.1 6.1 2 Amputations............................ 100.0 5.2 4.5 12.0 10.7 15.7 11.7 40.2 22 Multiple injuries...................... 100.0 15.2 12.3 18.9 12.6 12.5 6.6 21.8 7 Part of body affected: Head................................... 100.0 40.4 20.9 19.7 7.7 4.3 1.9 5.0 2 Eyes................................. 100.0 49.0 22.7 18.1 5.3 2.0 .9 1.9 2 Neck................................... 100.0 16.0 14.6 21.5 13.9 9.7 5.8 18.5 5 Trunk.................................. 100.0 12.1 11.6 22.0 14.8 12.4 6.6 20.6 7 Shoulder............................. 100.0 12.8 11.1 19.4 14.1 11.7 6.1 24.9 7 Back................................. 100.0 11.7 11.8 23.3 15.4 12.1 5.8 19.9 6 Upper extremities...................... 100.0 17.6 12.9 19.2 13.3 11.7 7.0 18.3 6 Wrist................................ 100.0 9.6 8.6 14.4 11.5 13.1 11.0 31.8 14 Hand, except finger.................. 100.0 21.9 14.6 22.0 13.1 10.5 4.8 13.1 4 Finger............................... 100.0 21.5 14.7 20.5 14.6 10.9 6.0 11.7 4 Lower extremities...................... 100.0 14.7 13.5 21.2 13.2 11.7 6.5 19.1 6 Knee................................. 100.0 11.7 10.6 19.7 12.3 12.1 8.0 25.7 9 Foot, except toe..................... 100.0 17.7 15.9 21.0 13.5 10.4 6.1 15.4 5 Toe.................................. 100.0 19.6 18.0 21.7 12.8 12.2 5.6 10.1 4 Body systems........................... 100.0 24.5 15.8 18.1 11.2 8.4 4.6 17.5 4 Multiple parts......................... 100.0 13.5 10.9 19.2 13.0 11.4 6.9 25.1 8 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1993 (continued) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Percent of cases involving: | | | | | | | | | |Median |Total| | | | | | | | days Characteristic |cases| | | | 6 to | 11 to| 21 to| 31 | away | | 1 day| 2 days|3 to 5| 10 | 20 | 30 | days | from | | | | days | days | days | days | or | work | | | | | | | | more | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Source of injury, illness: Chemicals and chemical products........ 100.0 31.7 19.8 21.8 10.6 6.5 2.7 6.8 2 Containers............................. 100.0 14.1 12.7 22.2 14.9 12.4 6.1 17.7 6 Furniture and fixtures................. 100.0 16.9 16.4 21.8 13.3 10.7 6.4 14.5 5 Machinery.............................. 100.0 15.9 12.6 19.9 13.9 12.2 6.5 18.9 6 Parts and materials.................... 100.0 17.4 13.5 20.6 13.4 11.4 6.1 17.6 5 Worker motion or position.............. 100.0 11.3 10.4 20.0 13.4 12.2 8.3 24.4 8 Floors, walkways, ground surfaces...... 100.0 13.0 11.5 19.5 12.3 11.8 7.0 24.9 8 Tools, instruments, and equipment...... 100.0 22.5 15.3 20.1 14.4 9.6 5.0 13.0 4 Vehicles............................... 100.0 13.0 12.0 20.7 13.3 12.1 6.7 22.2 7 Health care patient.................... 100.0 13.9 13.7 24.1 15.4 11.5 5.7 15.8 5 Event or exposure: Contact with objects and equipment .... 100.0 23.7 15.8 20.7 12.7 9.5 4.9 12.6 4 Struck by object..................... 100.0 23.0 16.2 21.0 12.9 9.4 4.8 12.6 4 Struck against object................ 100.0 22.9 15.9 21.7 13.4 9.8 4.8 11.5 4 Caught in equipment or object........ 100.0 16.3 11.9 19.8 13.8 12.5 6.8 19.0 6 Fall to lower level.................... 100.0 11.2 10.7 18.1 11.9 11.8 7.7 28.5 10 Fall to same level..................... 100.0 14.1 12.0 20.2 12.4 12.0 6.7 22.7 7 Slips, trips, loss of balance without fall................................ 100.0 13.8 12.6 22.1 14.4 10.9 6.4 19.9 6 Overexertion........................... 100.0 11.9 11.8 22.1 15.0 12.9 6.6 19.9 7 Overexertion in lifting.............. 100.0 11.7 12.0 22.5 15.2 12.7 6.8 19.2 7 Repetitive motion...................... 100.0 7.0 5.7 12.0 11.8 14.3 13.0 36.3 20 Exposure to harmful substances......... 100.0 28.4 18.1 22.1 12.6 8.2 3.9 6.7 3 Transportation accidents............... 100.0 11.9 10.7 19.0 12.5 11.4 7.5 27.1 9 Fires and explosions................... 100.0 13.7 12.9 14.4 13.1 12.2 7.6 26.1 10 Assaults and violent acts by person.... 100.0 18.4 13.3 20.4 14.1 10.8 5.4 17.6 5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 10. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by industry division and number of days away from work, 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Percent of cases involving: | | | | | | | | | |Median |Total| | | | | | | | days Characteristic |cases| | | | 6 to | 11 to| 21 to| 31 | away | | 1 day| 2 days|3 to 5| 10 | 20 | 30 | days | from | | | | days | days | days | days | or | work | | | | | | | | more | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Private industry 2/ [2,252,600 cases].. 100.0 16.3 13.0 20.7 13.4 11.4 6.3 19.0 6 Goods-producing: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2/ 100.0 14.2 13.0 23.2 14.2 11.6 6.8 17.0 5 Mining 3/............................ 100.0 9.0 7.7 15.0 11.9 10.8 6.8 38.8 16 Construction......................... 100.0 15.0 11.9 19.4 12.1 10.9 7.1 23.6 7 Manufacturing........................ 100.0 18.3 12.6 18.6 12.3 11.6 6.8 19.9 6 Durable goods...................... 100.0 18.9 12.7 18.1 11.7 11.4 6.9 20.3 6 Nondurable goods................... 100.0 17.4 12.4 19.2 13.3 11.8 6.6 19.4 6 Service-producing: Transportation and public utilities 3/...................... 100.0 12.3 10.5 19.8 14.1 12.8 6.7 23.7 8 Wholesale trade...................... 100.0 16.0 13.1 21.7 13.9 11.1 6.3 17.9 5 Retail trade......................... 100.0 15.9 14.0 22.0 14.4 11.1 5.8 16.8 5 Finance, insurance, and real estate.. 100.0 18.7 14.6 19.5 11.6 11.6 5.5 18.5 5 Services............................. 100.0 16.8 14.0 22.9 14.1 11.0 5.8 15.4 5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/ Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/ Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.