TEXT Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 6. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 6. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from Technical information: USDL-94-213 W. Eisenberg (202) 606-6304 FOR RELEASE: 2:00 p.m. EDT Media contact: Tuesday, April 26, 1994 K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 WORK INJURIES AND ILLNESSES BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS, 1992 Serious sprains and strains accounted for about 1 million of the 2.3 million work-related injuries and illnesses that required recuperation away from work in 1992. About one-fifth of these sprains, which were mostly to the back, resulted in relatively lengthy absences from work of about 6 weeks or more per case, according to new findings from a national survey of work-related injuries and illnesses in private industry by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The 1992 results announced today present the first national data on the characteristics of serious nonfatal injuries and illnesses, for example, the demographics of workers disabled, the nature of the disabling condition, and the event and source producing that condition. The number and frequency of such cases were initially reported from the BLS 1992 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in December 1993. Similar information on work-related fatalities in 1992 from the BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries was released in October 1993. Together, the survey and the census comprise BLS's recently redesigned safety and health statistical system. This fall, BLS will provide additional information from its survey. This release includes virtually all survey data available until then. Profiles from the 1992 Survey The incidence of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work is greater for certain occupations than their proportion of total employment. These relatively hazardous occupations include male-dominated work, such as construction and transportation; female-dominated activities, such as nursing care and housekeeping services; and gender-shared activities, such as assembling products. Injury and illness profiles can vary by occupation partly due to differing work activities, materials and equipment used, and work processes. Table A illustrates this point for four hazardous occupations. Injured carpenters, for example, were often struck by objects, while injured nursing aides often experienced overexertion while caring for their patients. Table A. Distribution of disabling (lost worktime) injury and illness cases by selected characteristics, four occupations, 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------ Characteristic Carpen- Truck Nursing Assem- ters drivers aides blers ------------------------------------------------------------ Total cases: Number (000's)...... 34.3 145.9 111.1 47.7 Percent............. 100% 100% 100% 100% Sex Men................. 98 95 11 59 Women............... 1 4 88 39 Length of service with employer Under 1 year........ 38 27 39 25 1 year or more...... 54 61 50 62 Not reported........ 7 12 11 13 Disabling condition Sprain, strain...... 33 50 67 40 Bruise, contusion... 7 10 7 8 Cut, laceration..... 13 4 1 8 Fracture............ 10 8 2 5 All other .......... 37 28 23 39 Disabling event Overexertion........ 22 27 59 27 Struck by object.... 24 10 4 7 Fall on same level.. 6 10 9 6 Struck against object............. 9 6 3 13 Fall to lower level. 13 9 1 2 Repetitive motion... 1 1 1 15 Transportation accident........... -- 12 1 -- All other events.... 25 25 22 30 Disabling source Containers.......... 3 17 1 11 Health care patient. -- -- 61 -- Parts and materials. 28 10 -- 20 Floor/ground surface 17 19 10 7 Tools/instruments/ and equipment...... 15 2 2 7 Machinery........... 4 4 1 8 Vehicles............ 2 24 2 3 All other sources... 31 24 23 44 ----------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Dashes indicate less than O.5 percent. The BLS survey is the first nationwide injury and illness study of its kind to identify workers most at risk and the risks themselves. Table A summarizes the leading categories of injury and illness characteristics for four jobs; more detailed surveywide data are shown in tables 1-5. Highlights from tables 1 and 2: *Men accounted for two-thirds of the 2.3 million cases, a proportion somewhat higher than their share (55 percent) of all private wage and salary workers. *Women injured on the job usually worked for health care providers, food stores, restaurants, lodging places, or other service-producing industries. *Three-fifths of the cases involved workers age 25-44 years; the rest were about evenly divided between younger and older workers. *"Operators, fabricators, and laborers" was the leading occupational group, accounting for fully two-fifths of the cases. The bulk of the remaining cases was divided about evenly among service occupations; precision production, craft, and repair jobs; and technical, sales, and administrative support workers. *Injured and ill workers typically had at least 1 year of service with their employer when their injury or illness occurred. Those with very short tenure, that is under 3 months, made up one-fifth of the injured and ill in both agriculture and construction--double the corresponding national average. Highlights from table 3: *Three individual occupations were cited in at least 100,000 cases each--laborers, except construction and farm; truck drivers; and nursing aides. The 10 occu- pations having the largest number of cases accounted for nearly one-third of the 2.3 million total. *Among the three leading occupations of the injured, laborers were employed most commonly in manufacturing or wholesale trade; truck drivers typically were in transportation and public utilities; and virtually all nursing aides were in services, predominantly in nursing homes and hospitals. Highlights from tables 4 and 5: *Sprains and strains were, by far, the leading category under nature of injury or illness, accounting for more than two-fifths of the case total. Other notable disabling conditions were bruises; cuts; and fractures--together one-fourth of the total. *The back and other portions of the trunk (abdomen and shoulder, for example) were the leading categories of major body parts affected by injuries and illnesses. Two-fifths of the case total involved portions of the trunk, primarily taking the form of back sprains. Another two-fifths of the cases were divided about evenly between the upper and the lower extremities. *Overexertion from lifting, pulling, or pushing heavy or unwieldy objects or persons (often residents of health care facilities) led all other events or exposures and were cited for three-tenths of all cases. Next in frequency were being struck by equipment or other objects and falling on the same level, together nearly one-fourth of the case total, followed by striking against objects and by falling to a lower level, together another one-eighth. *No one source of injury or illness category stood out. "Floor and ground surfaces" and "containers" each directly produced or inflicted one-sixth of all cases, followed closely by "parts and materials" and "bodily motion," where stress or strain was induced by a free bodily movement with no impact involved. Lost Workdays by Characteristic Besides identifying the "who and how" of serious work injuries, the expanded survey permits a closer look at injury and illness severity as measured by the duration of cases involving days away from work for various groups of workers. It shows, for example, that injury duration increases with the age of the injured worker, from a median of 4 to 5 lost workdays per case for those under age 35 to a median of 10 days per case for those 55 years and older. (See table 6.) Similarly, the 27 percent share of older workers' total cases that involve lengthy recuperations (31 days or more) compares with a corresponding share of 15 percent for workers under 35 years of age. Information of this type also is especially useful in identifying the injuries and incidents that result most often in lengthy recuperations away from work. Following are highlights of such findings; more details are in tables 6-9. *Overall, the median number of lost workdays was 6 days per case. Of the 2.3 million cases, about three- fifths were of 1 to 10 days duration; nearly one-fifth lasted 11 to 30 days; and another one-fifth, 31 days or more. *Employees with 5 years of service or more were absent from work 8 days per injury or illness, on average, 3 days more than their less experienced counterparts. (A partial correlation of age and tenure might be one explanation for this finding.) *Median days lost per case varied little among occupa- tions having large numbers of injuries and illnesses. The occupational medians were mostly 5 or 6 days, with a low of 4 days for welders and a high of 8 or 9 days for truck drivers, driver-sales workers, and sewing- machine operators (table 7). *Three disabling conditions stood out as requiring the longest recuperation periods--carpal tunnel syndrome (median of 32 days lost); amputations (median of 21 days lost per case); and fractures (median of 19 days lost). Wrist-related cases, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, had the longest recovery periods--a median of 13 days per case (table 8). *Work disabilities resulting from a task's repetitive nature, such as key entry, meat cutting, or scanning, led all other events with a median of 20 lost work- days. (See next section for special analysis of repetitive motion cases.) Falls to lower levels and transportation accidents also required longer periods of recuperation than the overall average. *The incidence and severity of cases involving chemicals and chemical products was relatively low. Chemicals were the source in producing just 2 percent of the 2.3 million cases; the median recuperation period of 2 days was the lowest of all injury and illness sources shown in table 8. *Except for mining, median days lost per case varied little among major industry divisions. At 17 days lost, the mining median was nearly three times the national average (table 9). Forthcoming data may show more variation in injury severity among industries sharing the same broad industrial activity than that observed among major industry divisions. Repetitive Motion Profile The redesigned survey also enables researchers to analyze a specific injury or illness problem in some detail, using data on worker demographics, case characteristics, and case severity. Table B illustrates this analytical capability for injuries and illnesses resulting from repetitive motion. As mentioned earlier, repetitive motion cases typically resulted in the lengthiest absences from work of any work-related injury or illness. Some like carpal tunnel syndrome at times require surgery, partly explaining their relatively long periods of recuperation. Women accounted for two-thirds of the nearly 90,000 repetitive motion injuries and illnesses, double their share of the 2.3 million total cases involving days away from work. Youth and inexperience were not typical of workers sustaining injuries and illnesses from repetitive tasks. Nine-tenths had reached their 25th birthday and seven-tenths reported having at least 1 year of service with their employer when the motion-related incident occurred. Repetitive motion cases can happen in different ways, but they all share a common definition: An injury or illness resulting from bodily motion which imposed stress or strain upon some part of the body due to a task's repetitive nature. The most common repetitive task cited was "placing, grasping, or moving objects, except tools," such as scanning groceries at the checkout counter. Other motions for which separate data are available from this survey include "typing or key entry" and "repetitive use of tools." Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most common disorder among the repetitive motion cases. First described by Sir James Paget in 1865, carpal tunnel syndrome results from a compression of the median nerve where it passes through the wrist. The BLS redesigned survey reports on this specific disorder for the first time, as well as on tendonitis and other motion-related disorders commonly affecting the shoulders, arms, and other upper extremities. The primary industries and occupations in which repetitive motion cases occur also are available from the redesigned survey. Table B shows that most cases of this type occurred in manufacturing, especially in industries where assembly-line work is common, such as those producing meat products and motor vehicles. The dominant occupational group, by far, was "operators, fabricators, and laborers," including, for example, textile and other machine operators and assemblers. Other job groups commonly cited in repetitive motion cases were sales workers; secretaries and data-entry keyers; and nonconstruction laborers. Table B. Work injuries and illnesses (lost worktime) resulting from repetitive motion, selected characteristics, 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of Percent of Characteristic total cases Characteristic total cases ---------------------------------------------------------------- Repetitive motion Repetitive motion cases (lost worktime) cases (lost worktime) Number............... 89,900 Number.......... 89,900 Percent.............. 100% Percent......... 100% Repetitive motion Worker Typing or key entry..... 12 Men.................34 Repetitive use of tools. 18 Women...............65 Placing/grasping/moving objects, except tools.. 31 Under 25 years......11 Other motions........... 14 25 to 54 years......80 Motion not reported..... 25 55 years and over... 7 Workdays lost Under 1 year of 1 to 10 days............ 37 employer service...18 11 to 20 days........... 14 1 to 5 years........35 21 to 30 days........... 10 5 years or more.....36 31 days or more......... 39 Data not reported...11 Disabling condition Part of body affected Carpal tunnel syndrome.. 36 Wrist(s)............51 Sprain, strain.......... 18 Hand(s),excl finger. 6 All other conditions.... 46 Shoulder(s)......... 6 All other parts.....37 Major industry Major occupation Manufacturing........... 56 Technical/sales/and Food products......... 8 administrative Apparel............... 6 support...........21 Transportation equip- Key entry jobs1.... 5 ment................. 8 Precision production Electronic equipment.. 5 craft, and repair..15 Other manufacturing... 29 Operator, fabrica- Wholesale/retail trade.. 15 tor, and laborer...51 Food stores........... 5 Machine operator...24 Services................ 15 Sewing machine.... 5 Health services....... 5 Assembler.......... 8 All other industries.... 14 Laborer,nonconst... 5 All other jobs......13 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1Includes secretaries, typists, and data-entry keyers. NOTE: Because of rounding and because of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to totals. Background of the Survey Since 1972, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported annually on the number of workplace injuries and illnesses in private industry and the frequency of those incidents. With the 1992 survey, BLS began providing additional detailed information on the more seriously injured or ill workers in the form of worker and case characteristic data summarized in this release. "More seriously" is defined in this survey as involving days away from work, beyond the day of injury or onset of illness. The survey continues to measure the number of new work- related illness cases which are recognized, diagnosed, and reported each year. In 1992, 105,000 of the 2.3 million cases with days away from work were classified as illnesses. Some conditions, e.g., long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome). The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program (50/50 funded) in which employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry establishments and processed by State agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration. The survey excludes all work-related fatalities and also excludes nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses to the self employed; to farmers with fewer than 11 employees; to private household workers; and to employees in federal, state, and local government agencies. The survey estimates of the characteristics of cases with days away from work are based on a scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. Two levels of sampling were used. First, establishments were selected to represent themselves and many also represented other establishments of like industry and workforce size that were not selected. Then, sampled establishments projected to have large numbers of days away from work cases were instructed on how to sample those cases to minimize the burden of their response; an establishment expected to have 20 or fewer cases, however, was instructed to report on each case, regardless of the actual number it logged for 1992. The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have produced different estimates. The variation in the sample across all possible samples that could have been drawn is measured by the standard error. For example, the estimated 90,000 repetitive motion cases has an estimated relative standard error of about 0.8 percent, or less than 1,000 cases. A relative standard error was calculated for each estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS bulletin that will be available in the fall of 1994. The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain detailed information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional difficulties are examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Nonsampling errors are not measured. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures, including a rigorous training program for State coders, to reduce nonsampling error in the survey. Survey Uses Better safety and health data can be transformed by the safety and health community into information more useful in saving lives, preventing serious injuries and illnesses, and lessening the severity of those that do occur. Following are some major users and uses of the worker and case characteristic data from the BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: Employers and employees now will have credible statistics on what kinds of serious injuries and illnesses occur to workers whose work and size of workforce are similar to theirs. Thus, they could compare the frequency of specific cases where they work to survey averages, focusing their prevention efforts accordingly. Policy makers can better judge the magnitude of specific safety and health problems to assess and improve work- place safety standards or to justify the setup/expansion of accident prevention programs. Researchers can isolate the circumstances surrounding a specific injury or illness, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, in different work settings to formulate solutions that best fit the work and the worker. Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1992 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Sex: Men.................... 1,527.4 38.9 22.3 203.6 453.2 176.3 147.9 229.3 31.5 224.2 Women.................. 764.2 7.8 0.5 4.6 163.8 33.3 23.2 180.4 28.5 322.0 Age: Under 16 years......... 1.3 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 - 0.3 16 to 19 years......... 96.0 2.3 0.2 5.5 16.5 3.4 4.8 42.9 1.7 18.7 20 to 24 years......... 346.3 9.1 1.9 31.5 80.8 23.5 27.2 88.3 6.3 77.7 25 to 34 years......... 762.0 17.1 6.7 82.6 204.4 73.5 63.0 124.6 17.6 172.4 35 to 44 years......... 569.3 10.1 7.7 49.8 164.4 61.8 42.6 76.2 16.2 140.6 45 to 54 years......... 318.5 4.6 4.2 21.8 96.0 36.3 20.1 45.1 11.0 79.5 55 to 64 years......... 147.7 2.2 1.5 10.5 45.0 15.2 9.0 20.9 4.9 38.4 65 years & over........ 21.0 0.4 0.1 0.6 3.6 0.9 1.2 4.8 0.9 8.4 Occupation: Managerial,professional. 126.6 0.7 0.6 2.5 10.1 4.4 5.7 19.2 6.9 76.5 Technical,sales, and administrative support. 350.0 1.4 0.4 3.0 40.5 36.9 27.5 127.9 24.1 88.3 Service................. 405.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 10.3 10.7 2.3 112.9 11.7 256.1 Farming,forestry,fishing 61.8 38.2 - 0.5 5.5 0.5 1.7 3.7 3.3 8.4 Precision, production craft, and repair...... 396.3 1.7 11.3 119.7 114.9 31.7 22.2 44.9 10.1 39.8 Operators,fabricators, and laborers........... 949.9 4.2 10.2 80.9 432.1 133.1 110.5 102.1 3.0 73.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1992(continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months..... 273.0 10.1 3.8 44.5 58.5 16.2 17.6 54.0 4.3 63.8 3 months to 11 months.. 408.3 9.5 2.8 43.7 87.6 26.7 30.3 88.1 10.7 108.7 1 year to 4 years...... 811.5 16.4 6.7 68.3 200.3 66.8 66.2 151.4 22.8 212.7 5 years or more........ 586.5 7.8 9.2 39.1 218.4 63.4 45.2 73.5 18.6 111.2 Not reported........... 251.7 3.3 0.4 13.8 58.8 51.5 13.3 50.4 4.0 56.2 Race or ethnic origin White, non-Hispanic.... 1,252.5 17.3 5.7 143.6 362.1 95.6 103.2 214.1 32.5 278.5 Black, non-Hispanic.... 190.6 2.7 0.2 10.2 53.6 15.4 15.0 24.7 5.0 63.7 Hispanic............... 198.0 18.5 1.6 17.7 54.8 10.6 17.2 27.4 6.8 43.4 Asian or Pacif.Islander 30.6 0.5 - 2.0 7.6 1.9 2.3 5.4 0.9 9.8 Amer. Indian or Alaskan Native................ 8.3 0.2 0.1 1.4 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.2 2.6 Not reported........... 651.1 7.8 15.4 34.7 143.2 100.6 34.6 145.1 15.0 154.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Dashes indicate fewer than 50 cases. Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1992 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex: Men.................... 65.5 82.6 97.2 97.2 72.7 78.5 85.6 54.9 52.2 40.6 Women.................. 32.8 16.6 2.4 2.2 26.3 14.8 13.4 43.2 47.2 58.3 Age: Under 16 years......... 0.1 0.2 - - - - 0.1 0.1 - - 16 to 19 years......... 4.1 4.9 1.0 2.6 2.6 1.5 2.8 10.3 2.8 3.4 20 to 24 years......... 14.9 19.3 8.5 15.0 13.0 10.5 15.7 21.2 10.4 14.1 25 to 34 years......... 32.7 36.4 29.1 39.4 32.8 32.7 36.5 29.9 29.2 31.2 35 to 44 years......... 24.4 21.3 33.6 23.8 26.4 27.5 24.7 18.2 26.8 25.4 45 to 54 years......... 13.7 9.7 18.2 10.4 15.4 16.2 11.7 10.8 18.1 14.4 55 to 64 years......... 6.3 4.8 6.5 5.0 7.2 6.8 5.2 5.0 8.1 7.0 65 years & over........ 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.5 Occupation: Managerial, professional 5.4 1.5 2.4 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.3 4.6 11.5 13.8 Technical, sales and administrative support. 15.0 2.9 1.9 1.4 6.5 16.4 15.9 30.7 39.9 16.0 Service................. 17.4 1.0 0.5 0.3 1.6 4.7 1.3 27.0 19.4 46.3 Farming,forestry,fishing 2.7 81.2 - 0.3 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.9 5.4 1.5 Precision,production, craft, and repair..... 17.0 3.5 49.2 57.1 18.4 14.1 12.9 10.8 16.8 7.2 Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......... 40.8 8.8 44.3 38.6 69.3 59.2 64.0 24.5 5.0 13.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months..... 11.7 21.4 16.6 21.3 9.4 7.2 10.2 12.9 7.1 11.6 3 months to 11 months.. 17.5 20.2 12.4 20.9 14.0 11.9 17.6 21.1 17.7 19.7 1 year to 4 years...... 34.8 34.8 29.3 32.6 32.1 29.7 38.3 36.3 37.7 38.5 5 years or more........ 25.2 16.6 39.8 18.7 35.0 28.2 26.2 17.6 30.8 20.1 Not reported........... 10.8 6.9 1.9 6.6 9.4 22.9 7.7 12.1 6.6 10.2 Race or ethnic origin: White, non-Hispanic.... 53.7 36.8 24.7 68.5 58.1 42.6 59.8 51.3 53.8 50.4 Black, non-Hispanic.... 8.2 5.8 1.0 4.9 8.6 6.9 8.7 5.9 8.3 11.5 Hispanic............... 8.5 39.4 6.9 8.5 8.8 4.7 10.0 6.6 11.3 7.8 Asian or Pacif.Islander 1.3 1.1 - 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 Amer. Indian or Alaskan Native................ 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 Not reported........... 27.9 16.6 67.1 16.6 23.0 44.8 20.0 34.8 24.8 28.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. Dashes indicate less than .05 percent. Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and industry division, 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Laborers, nonconstruct.. 152.1 0.2 2.3 - 57.1 10.2 40.5 19.8 1.4 20.5 Truck drivers........... 145.9 1.3 1.0 5.8 15.1 65.8 27.3 17.8 0.2 11.6 Nursing aides,orderlies. 111.1 - - - - - - - 0.3 110.7 Janitors,cleaners....... 59.6 0.3 0.1 0.3 8.6 1.8 1.7 5.2 7.8 33.8 Construction laborers... 57.1 0.1 0.2 54.0 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 Assemblers.............. 47.7 - - 0.5 42.3 0.1 1.9 0.8 - 2.1 Stock handlers,baggers.. 44.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.9 0.4 3.5 38.1 - 0.3 Cashiers................ 41.7 - - - 0.2 0.1 1.0 37.3 0.2 2.8 Misc.food preparation... 38.5 - - - 0.3 0.2 0.1 28.0 0.5 9.4 Cooks................... 36.1 - - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 24.9 0.2 10.7 Carpenters.............. 34.3 0.1 0.1 27.1 2.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 2.4 Registered nurses....... 31.4 - - - 0.1 - - - 0.1 31.3 Maids and housemen...... 29.4 - - - - - - 0.2 0.6 28.5 Welders and cutters..... 29.4 0.1 0.5 2.5 20.9 1.0 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.8 Supervisors and proprietors,sales...... 28.4 - - 0.1 1.2 0.1 3.7 22.0 0.6 0.8 Shipping,receivg.clerks. 26.4 0.1 - 0.1 8.5 6.2 3.9 6.0 0.1 1.5 Automobile mechanics.... 25.7 - - 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.8 15.3 0.1 5.7 Groundskeepers,gardeners 21.3 9.5 - 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.1 3.1 6.9 Farm workers............ 20.8 18.5 - - 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 - 0.1 Kitchen workers......... 19.5 - - - 0.1 - - 17.3 - 2.1 Waiters, waitresses..... 19.5 - - - - 0.1 - 14.0 0.2 5.2 Driver-sales workers.... 19.2 - - - 6.6 1.3 8.2 1.7 - 1.4 Electricians............ 19.2 - 0.6 12.6 3.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 - 1.1 Sewing machine operators 17.4 - - - 17.0 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and industry division, 1992 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Supervisors, production. 16.3 0.1 0.1 - 12.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.5 Packaging machine operators.............. 15.6 0.1 - - 14.6 - 0.5 0.2 - 0.2 Butchers, meat cutters.. 15.5 0.1 - - 7.0 - 0.6 7.6 - - Licensd.practical nurses 14.9 - - - - - - - - 14.8 Guards,police exc public 14.4 - - 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.8 1.0 10.0 Plumbers, pipefitters... 13.9 - - 10.2 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 All other occupations... 1,164.4 16.4 17.8 95.0 398.2 132.5 72.9 155.1 42.5 233.8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, data may not sum to the totals. Dashes indicate fewer than 50 cases. Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Nature of injury,illness Sprains, strains....... 1,022.7 18.3 9.5 79.0 247.9 113.6 80.7 172.5 24.2 277.0 Bruises, contusions.... 222.7 3.8 2.5 16.3 58.5 23.5 17.5 43.7 5.0 51.9 Cuts, lacerations...... 173.6 4.5 1.4 19.2 50.4 9.7 11.9 46.3 4.1 26.1 Fractures.............. 143.6 3.3 2.5 21.1 38.1 14.6 11.2 20.9 4.5 27.5 Heat burns............. 41.0 0.3 0.3 2.5 9.5 1.2 1.6 16.5 0.4 8.6 Carpal tunnel syndrome. 33.0 0.2 0.1 1.1 17.2 1.7 1.3 3.9 2.0 5.5 Chemical burns......... 15.7 0.4 0.2 1.2 5.8 1.0 1.0 2.6 0.3 3.2 Amputations............ 12.4 0.7 0.2 1.1 6.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.2 1.4 Multiple injuries...... 67.5 1.5 1.5 7.0 17.4 6.9 5.3 11.1 1.7 15.1 All other.............. 598.8 14.3 4.9 61.0 172.7 51.9 41.1 98.6 18.0 136.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total................ 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Part of body affected Head.................. 158.4 4.5 1.7 19.3 46.5 14.9 12.6 25.4 3.1 30.3 Eye................. 91.1 3.0 0.9 13.0 32.6 6.5 7.3 11.2 1.4 15.2 Neck.................. 40.1 0.6 0.6 3.1 9.3 5.2 3.1 6.0 1.2 10.9 Trunk................. 910.9 16.5 8.9 74.8 226.7 92.6 72.6 155.4 21.6 242.0 Shoulder............ 105.4 1.7 0.8 7.7 30.6 11.7 8.1 16.2 1.9 26.8 Back................ 653.4 11.6 6.2 53.5 155.0 64.9 52.1 115.4 15.2 179.5 Upper extremities..... 532.0 11.1 4.6 43.7 187.3 35.0 32.0 106.8 11.3 100.2 Wrist............... 112.5 1.5 0.5 6.7 42.6 7.8 6.0 19.5 3.6 24.3 Hand, except finger. 95.8 2.6 0.9 8.8 30.8 6.0 5.7 21.0 1.6 18.4 Finger.............. 197.4 4.7 2.2 17.5 71.8 11.3 12.5 42.6 3.4 31.4 Lower extremities..... 448.1 9.8 5.0 48.3 103.8 50.8 36.0 80.8 12.0 101.5 Knee................ 148.1 3.1 1.8 14.9 33.3 17.1 11.0 26.7 3.7 36.5 Foot, except toe.... 89.0 2.0 1.0 10.8 22.7 8.4 7.6 16.3 2.1 18.1 Toe................. 33.0 0.5 0.2 3.3 8.5 3.4 3.3 6.7 0.8 6.1 Body systems.......... 26.2 0.6 0.2 1.9 6.3 2.1 1.6 3.7 2.0 7.8 Multiple.............. 180.6 3.3 1.9 15.5 36.9 19.9 12.4 31.5 8.1 51.3 All other............. 34.7 0.8 0.1 3.1 6.8 4.1 2.4 7.8 1.1 8.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................. 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Event or exposure Contact with object, equipment.............. 638.6 15.4 9.4 72.4 202.5 51.6 48.7 119.8 11.3 107.3 Struck by object...... 301.1 7.6 4.9 37.3 83.2 23.4 22.7 63.8 5.3 52.8 Struck against object. 169.9 3.4 2.0 17.1 48.3 14.5 12.1 36.1 3.4 33.1 Caught in object,equip 102.9 2.7 2.2 7.7 48.7 7.2 8.6 11.8 1.4 12.7 Fall to lower level..... 116.5 3.4 1.9 24.9 20.6 14.3 9.5 15.3 4.3 22.3 Fall to same level...... 240.1 4.1 1.6 13.6 45.0 19.7 14.0 61.6 9.2 71.1 Slips, trips............ 80.8 1.8 0.2 6.5 18.2 10.4 5.2 14.9 3.0 20.5 Overexertion............ 659.1 9.7 6.6 48.1 167.2 65.5 54.3 109.8 13.4 184.4 Overexertion:lifting.. 398.4 5.7 2.7 28.1 94.8 37.8 35.9 76.0 8.1 109.3 Repetitive motion....... 89.9 1.1 0.2 3.1 50.0 4.3 3.6 10.2 4.2 13.2 Exposed to harmful substance..... 112.5 2.5 1.1 8.8 32.0 7.0 5.5 25.3 2.5 27.9 Transportation accidents 68.3 1.8 0.3 5.1 9.0 17.6 9.0 8.2 1.9 15.4 Fires, explosions....... 4.9 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.7 Assault, violent act by person(s)........... 22.4 0.1 - 0.1 0.6 1.0 0.5 4.7 0.9 14.4 All other............... 298.1 7.1 1.5 26.1 76.9 33.0 21.9 46.9 9.3 75.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| Characteristic |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | (Numbers in thousands) | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2,331.1 47.1 23.0 209.6 623.6 224.7 172.7 417.4 60.4 552.7 Source of injury,illness Chemicals, chem. product 45.8 1.0 1.3 3.2 15.9 2.7 3.2 6.6 1.4 10.5 Containers.............. 351.8 5.6 1.3 11.9 94.3 45.9 41.2 92.9 7.4 51.2 Furniture, fixtures..... 96.9 0.3 0.1 3.7 18.7 5.1 5.0 27.1 4.0 32.8 Machinery............... 161.0 3.8 2.8 13.8 69.0 6.5 10.9 27.2 3.0 23.9 Parts and materials..... 258.0 3.5 4.0 52.4 103.2 20.9 21.6 25.7 3.6 23.1 Worker motion, position. 312.3 5.9 1.1 21.5 108.0 29.0 18.8 47.6 9.7 70.8 Floor, ground surface... 345.9 7.0 3.2 36.1 62.8 33.9 23.4 73.5 14.7 91.3 Tools, instruments, equipment.............. 146.4 4.3 1.9 22.5 41.7 8.7 7.1 29.1 3.1 27.9 Vehicles................ 156.5 3.1 1.4 9.0 26.8 37.4 19.6 22.4 3.0 33.8 Health care patient..... 105.6 - - - - 1.7 - - 0.2 103.6 All other............... 351.1 12.6 5.6 35.4 83.2 32.9 21.9 65.4 10.4 83.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, data may not sum to the totals. Dashes indicate fewer than 50 cases. Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Nature of injury,illness Sprains, strains....... 43.9 38.8 41.4 37.7 39.8 50.5 46.7 41.3 40.1 50.1 Bruises, contusions.... 9.6 8.0 10.7 7.8 9.4 10.5 10.2 10.5 8.2 9.4 Cuts, lacerations...... 7.4 9.5 5.9 9.2 8.1 4.3 6.9 11.1 6.8 4.7 Fractures.............. 6.2 6.9 11.1 10.0 6.1 6.5 6.5 5.0 7.4 5.0 Heat burns............. 1.8 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.0 3.9 0.7 1.6 Carpal tunnel syndrome. 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 2.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.0 Chemical burns......... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 Amputations............ 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 Multiple injuries...... 2.9 3.1 6.4 3.4 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.7 All other.............. 25.7 30.3 21.2 29.1 27.7 23.1 23.8 23.6 29.7 24.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Part of body affected Head.................. 6.8 9.5 7.4 9.2 7.5 6.6 7.3 6.1 5.2 5.5 Eye................. 3.9 6.3 3.9 6.2 5.2 2.9 4.2 2.7 2.3 2.7 Neck.................. 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.0 Trunk................. 39.1 35.0 38.6 35.7 36.4 41.2 42.0 37.2 35.7 43.8 Shoulder............ 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.9 5.2 4.7 3.9 3.1 4.8 Back................ 28.0 24.6 26.9 25.5 24.9 28.9 30.2 27.7 25.2 32.5 Upper extremities..... 22.8 23.5 20.2 20.8 30.0 15.6 18.5 25.6 18.7 18.1 Wrist............... 4.8 3.2 2.2 3.2 6.8 3.5 3.5 4.7 5.9 4.4 Hand, excpt finger.. 4.1 5.4 4.0 4.2 4.9 2.7 3.3 5.0 2.7 3.3 Finger.............. 8.5 9.9 9.6 8.4 11.5 5.0 7.2 10.2 5.6 5.7 Lower extremities..... 19.2 20.9 21.8 23.0 16.7 22.6 20.9 19.4 19.9 18.4 Knee................ 6.4 6.5 7.9 7.1 5.3 7.6 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.6 Foot, excpt toe..... 3.8 4.3 4.5 5.2 3.6 3.7 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.3 Toe................. 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.1 Body systems.......... 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 3.2 1.4 Multiple.............. 7.7 6.9 8.4 7.4 5.9 8.8 7.2 7.5 13.4 9.3 All other............. 1.5 1.6 0.3 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Event or exposure Contact with object, equipment.............. 27.4 32.6 41.0 34.6 32.5 23.0 28.2 28.7 18.7 19.4 Struck by object...... 12.9 16.1 21.4 17.8 13.3 10.4 13.2 15.3 8.8 9.6 Struck against object. 7.3 7.1 8.5 8.1 7.8 6.5 7.0 8.6 5.6 6.0 Caught in object,equip 4.4 5.8 9.4 3.7 7.8 3.2 5.0 2.8 2.4 2.3 Fall to lower level..... 5.0 7.1 8.2 11.9 3.3 6.3 5.5 3.7 7.2 4.0 Fall to same level...... 10.3 8.8 7.1 6.5 7.2 8.8 8.1 14.8 15.2 12.9 Slips, trips............ 3.5 3.9 1.1 3.1 2.9 4.6 3.0 3.6 5.0 3.7 Overexertion............ 28.3 20.6 28.7 23.0 26.8 29.1 31.4 26.3 22.2 33.4 Overexertion:lifting.. 17.1 12.1 11.8 13.4 15.2 16.8 20.8 18.2 13.3 19.8 Repetitive motion....... 3.9 2.3 0.7 1.5 8.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 7.0 2.4 Exposed to harmful substance...... 4.8 5.4 4.6 4.2 5.1 3.1 3.2 6.0 4.2 5.0 Transportation accidents 2.9 3.8 1.5 2.4 1.4 7.8 5.2 2.0 3.2 2.8 Fires, explosions....... 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 Assault, violent act by person(s)........... 1.0 0.3 - 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.4 2.6 All other............... 12.8 15.1 6.6 12.5 12.3 14.7 12.7 11.2 15.4 13.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1992 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |Agricul-| | | |Trans- | | |Finance| |Private | ture, |Mining|Con- |Manu- |porta- |Whole-|Retail|insur- |Serv- Characteristic |industry|forestry| 3/ |struc-|fac- |tion & |sale |trade |ance & |ices | 2/ | and | |tion |turing|public |trade | |real | | |fishing | | | |utili- | | |estate | | | 2/ | | | |ties 3/| | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source of injury,illness Chemicals, chem. product 2.0 2.1 5.8 1.5 2.5 1.2 1.9 1.6 2.3 1.9 Containers.............. 15.1 11.9 5.8 5.7 15.1 20.4 23.9 22.2 12.2 9.3 Furniture, fixtures..... 4.2 0.7 0.6 1.7 3.0 2.3 2.9 6.5 6.6 5.9 Machinery............... 6.9 8.2 12.2 6.6 11.1 2.9 6.3 6.5 5.0 4.3 Parts and materials..... 11.1 7.4 17.6 25.0 16.5 9.3 12.5 6.2 5.9 4.2 Worker motion, position. 13.4 12.4 4.9 10.3 17.3 12.9 10.9 11.4 16.1 12.8 Floor, ground surface... 14.8 14.8 13.9 17.2 10.1 15.1 13.6 17.6 24.3 16.5 Tools, instruments, equipment.............. 6.3 9.1 8.5 10.8 6.7 3.9 4.1 7.0 5.2 5.1 Vehicles................ 6.7 6.7 6.1 4.3 4.3 16.6 11.3 5.4 5.0 6.1 Health care patient..... 4.5 - - - - 0.8 - - 0.3 18.8 All other............... 15.1 26.8 24.5 16.9 13.3 14.6 12.7 15.7 17.2 15.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Dashes indicate less than .05 percent. Table 6. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Sex: Men..................... 100.0 16.2 13.0 20.4 13.4 11.3 6.4 19.3 6 Women................... 100.0 14.8 12.9 20.6 14.0 11.4 6.4 20.0 6 Age: Under 16 years.......... 100.0 20.2 8.2 28.0 26.0 5.8 4.2 7.6 4 16 to 19 years.......... 100.0 20.2 16.1 24.0 15.3 10.0 4.8 9.6 4 20 to 24 years.......... 100.0 19.3 15.6 23.5 14.4 10.0 4.8 12.6 4 25 to 34 years.......... 100.0 16.8 13.7 20.7 13.6 11.1 6.0 18.1 5 35 to 44 years.......... 100.0 14.5 11.8 19.3 13.4 11.7 6.9 22.4 7 45 to 54 years.......... 100.0 12.7 10.9 18.2 12.6 12.6 7.8 25.3 9 55 to 64 years.......... 100.0 10.6 9.9 17.9 12.8 13.7 8.0 27.1 10 65 years and over....... 100.0 9.8 10.1 17.8 16.3 11.5 7.3 27.3 10 Occupation: Managerial, professional 100.0 17.2 14.8 20.8 14.3 11.8 5.3 15.7 5 Technical, sales and administrative support. 100.0 16.5 13.3 21.4 13.3 10.7 6.4 18.5 5 Service................. 100.0 13.5 14.1 22.9 15.4 11.2 5.8 17.1 5 Farming,forestry,fishing 100.0 12.9 13.7 22.1 14.7 11.1 7.1 18.5 6 Precision,production, craft, and repair...... 100.0 17.1 12.6 19.0 12.3 11.3 6.6 21.1 6 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 100.0 15.7 12.1 19.4 13.3 11.7 6.6 21.1 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 6. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected worker characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Length of service with employer: Less than 3 months...... 100.0 17.2 14.4 21.3 14.2 9.7 5.5 17.8 5 3 months to 11 months... 100.0 17.0 13.9 21.7 13.7 10.6 5.9 17.2 5 1 year to 4 years....... 100.0 16.3 13.2 21.0 13.7 11.3 6.1 18.5 5 5 years or more......... 100.0 13.9 11.4 18.4 13.0 12.6 7.6 23.1 8 Race or ethnic origin: White, non-Hispanic..... 100.0 16.5 13.2 20.2 13.2 11.2 6.4 19.4 6 Black, non-Hispanic..... 100.0 14.5 12.8 21.2 13.8 11.6 6.3 19.9 6 Hispanic................ 100.0 14.0 13.2 19.5 14.0 11.7 6.6 21.0 6 Asian or Pacif.Islander. 100.0 15.8 13.7 24.5 14.3 11.2 5.6 14.8 5 Amer. Indian or Alaskan Native................. 100.0 15.3 11.6 21.2 14.5 12.4 6.9 18.2 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and number of days away from work, 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Laborers, nonconstruct.... 100.0 17.1 13.3 20.7 13.6 11.1 6.0 18.2 5 Truck drivers............. 100.0 10.9 9.9 20.5 13.9 13.0 7.6 24.1 9 Nursing aides,orderlies... 100.0 12.3 13.7 23.0 16.8 10.6 7.0 16.7 6 Janitors, cleaners........ 100.0 13.9 12.2 21.0 12.5 11.7 5.6 23.1 6 Construction laborers..... 100.0 14.9 11.9 20.1 13.7 10.1 6.4 22.9 7 Assemblers................ 100.0 17.1 12.1 18.0 12.9 11.1 6.9 22.0 6 Stock handlers,baggers.... 100.0 14.2 15.5 21.8 14.3 11.1 6.0 17.2 5 Cashiers.................. 100.0 13.0 12.2 20.1 13.8 11.0 6.5 23.3 7 Misc. food preperation.... 100.0 14.7 16.5 23.7 16.5 9.7 5.2 13.7 5 Cooks..................... 100.0 13.5 17.4 23.7 14.0 11.0 5.2 15.4 5 Carpenters................ 100.0 16.4 11.8 19.1 11.5 12.8 6.1 22.3 7 Registered nurses......... 100.0 16.4 14.3 24.9 14.6 10.7 5.9 13.2 5 Maids and housemen........ 100.0 12.4 13.7 21.6 14.8 12.7 6.4 18.6 6 Welders and cutters....... 100.0 24.2 14.6 16.9 11.0 9.7 6.0 17.5 4 Supervisors and proprietors, sales....... 100.0 14.4 12.6 23.5 11.3 11.9 7.5 18.9 5 Shipping,receiving clerks. 100.0 18.7 12.9 21.0 13.9 10.8 6.5 16.2 5 Automobile mechanics...... 100.0 20.1 12.8 20.3 11.7 12.8 6.5 15.8 5 Groundskeepers, gardeners. 100.0 13.8 14.0 22.7 14.8 11.4 6.9 16.4 5 Farm workers.............. 100.0 13.2 11.4 20.5 16.2 12.0 8.3 18.5 7 Kitchen workers........... 100.0 13.8 14.1 24.6 15.4 11.8 4.7 15.6 5 Waiters and waitresses.... 100.0 14.2 15.2 23.1 20.8 7.2 4.7 14.8 5 Driver-sales workers...... 100.0 12.1 10.7 19.6 14.3 13.4 7.0 22.9 8 Electricians.............. 100.0 17.9 11.7 18.8 12.5 9.9 6.3 22.9 6 Sewing machine operators.. 100.0 16.4 10.6 16.8 12.7 12.7 6.6 24.4 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected occupations and number of days away from work, 1992 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Supervisors, production... 100.0 20.2 15.5 19.7 12.4 10.8 5.7 15.7 5 Packaging machine operators................ 100.0 15.6 10.8 17.6 12.8 12.1 6.4 24.9 7 Butchers, meat cutters.... 100.0 13.9 13.0 17.6 14.3 12.1 8.3 20.9 7 Licensed practical nurses. 100.0 13.5 14.2 22.3 14.8 10.7 6.1 18.6 6 Guards,police exc public.. 100.0 14.6 10.1 22.6 13.4 13.8 5.9 19.6 7 Plumbers, pipefitters..... 100.0 17.5 11.4 18.0 13.0 11.9 7.5 20.6 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Nature of injury,illness Sprains, strains......... 100.0 12.4 12.3 22.8 15.2 12.0 6.0 19.3 6 Bruises, contusions...... 100.0 22.1 17.1 23.5 12.9 9.4 4.3 10.7 4 Cuts, lacerations........ 100.0 24.2 16.3 20.9 14.6 9.7 4.9 9.3 4 Fractures................ 100.0 7.7 6.6 12.5 11.9 13.6 10.7 37.0 19 Heat burns............... 100.0 18.6 14.6 26.4 15.4 11.7 5.2 8.2 4 Carpal tunnel syndrome... 100.0 3.4 4.1 6.5 7.1 14.1 13.2 51.7 32 Chemical burns........... 100.0 35.7 22.2 19.4 8.8 6.6 3.6 3.7 2 Amputations.............. 100.0 4.4 5.2 11.2 12.9 16.2 11.8 38.2 21 Multiple injuries........ 100.0 14.1 13.6 18.6 12.8 11.5 6.3 23.1 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnotes at end of table. Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Part of body affected Head..................... 100.0 39.8 20.8 18.7 8.8 4.9 2.0 5.1 2 Eye.................... 100.0 47.9 23.4 17.8 5.2 2.7 1.0 2.0 2 Neck..................... 100.0 15.9 11.9 22.6 13.2 10.5 5.9 20.1 5 Trunk.................... 100.0 11.4 11.6 21.6 14.8 12.3 6.8 21.7 7 Shoulder............... 100.0 12.4 10.9 19.8 13.3 12.0 6.3 25.3 8 Back................... 100.0 11.1 11.9 22.5 15.3 12.1 6.1 21.0 7 Upper extremities........ 100.0 17.0 13.3 19.2 13.2 11.7 6.7 18.9 6 Wrist.................. 100.0 10.1 9.5 15.2 11.2 13.2 9.2 31.6 13 Hand, except finger.... 100.0 20.1 15.1 22.1 14.2 9.9 5.4 13.2 4 Finger................. 100.0 20.7 14.9 19.9 13.9 11.8 6.1 12.7 5 Lower extremities........ 100.0 14.9 13.0 20.8 13.6 11.5 6.8 19.2 6 Knee................... 100.0 11.6 9.9 17.7 13.2 12.5 8.1 27.1 10 Foot, except toe....... 100.0 18.8 15.1 21.7 12.5 11.0 6.3 14.6 5 Toe.................... 100.0 20.3 16.0 22.1 15.9 10.7 6.7 8.4 4 Body systems............. 100.0 21.4 15.0 18.5 11.9 8.4 5.4 19.3 5 Multiple................. 100.0 13.1 11.6 19.3 12.7 12.0 6.2 25.2 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnotes at end of table. Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Event or exposure Contact with object, equipment............... 100.0 23.0 15.7 20.4 12.4 9.9 5.2 13.4 4 Struck by object....... 100.0 22.2 15.9 21.1 12.6 10.0 5.2 13.1 4 Struck against object.. 100.0 22.1 15.9 20.2 13.9 9.8 5.1 12.9 4 Caught in object,equip. 100.0 16.5 12.5 19.3 12.9 12.5 7.1 19.3 6 Fall to lower level...... 100.0 10.7 10.7 17.1 12.2 11.6 7.0 30.6 10 Fall to same level....... 100.0 13.5 12.2 19.5 13.4 11.1 7.0 23.5 7 Slips, trips............. 100.0 12.6 13.7 20.7 13.5 12.4 6.5 20.7 6 Overexertion............. 100.0 11.4 11.7 21.9 15.2 12.4 6.8 20.6 7 Overexertion:lifting... 100.0 11.4 11.5 22.2 15.4 12.5 6.6 20.5 7 Repetitive motion........ 100.0 6.9 6.4 12.3 11.5 13.6 10.3 38.9 20 Exposed to harmful substance....... 100.0 28.1 17.9 22.3 12.3 8.6 3.7 7.0 3 Transportation accidents. 100.0 12.6 10.3 18.5 11.6 12.8 6.9 27.3 9 Fires, explosions........ 100.0 15.2 13.2 18.1 13.5 16.3 7.0 16.8 7 Assault, by person(s)............ 100.0 15.4 14.5 21.1 14.3 10.7 6.3 17.7 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnotes at end of table. Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1992 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total [2,331,100 cases] 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 Source of injury, illness: Chemicals, chem. product. 100.0 32.4 20.0 20.0 10.1 7.2 3.4 6.8 2 Containers............... 100.0 13.4 12.4 21.6 14.7 12.6 6.4 18.8 6 Furniture, fixtures...... 100.0 16.7 14.3 22.1 12.7 10.6 6.4 17.2 5 Machinery................ 100.0 16.2 12.8 19.7 13.7 11.8 7.0 18.9 6 Parts and materials...... 100.0 17.3 13.2 20.4 13.4 11.2 6.3 18.2 5 Worker motion, position.. 100.0 10.8 10.4 19.2 13.9 13.0 7.9 24.8 9 Floor, ground surface.... 100.0 12.4 11.5 18.7 13.2 11.2 7.0 25.9 8 Tools, instruments equipment............... 100.0 21.1 15.4 21.3 13.6 10.2 5.1 13.3 4 Vehicles................. 100.0 14.1 11.7 20.4 13.1 12.2 6.4 22.1 7 Health care patient...... 100.0 12.0 14.0 24.2 15.8 11.5 6.0 16.5 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work 1/ by industry division and number of days away from work, 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Percent of cases involving |Median | |---------------------------------------------------------| days Characteristic |Total| | | 3 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 31 | away |cases| 1 | 2 | to | to | to | to | days | from | | day | days | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | or | work | | | | days | days | days | days | more | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private industry 2/ 100.0 15.7 12.9 20.4 13.6 11.4 6.4 19.7 6 [2,331,100 cases] Goods-producing: Agriculture 2/........... 100.0 13.7 12.6 21.8 14.9 11.9 6.1 18.9 6 Mining 3/................ 100.0 8.9 7.7 15.2 10.8 10.9 6.8 39.7 17 Construction............. 100.0 15.3 12.2 19.3 12.7 10.6 6.7 23.2 7 Manufacturing............ 100.0 17.8 12.4 18.1 12.9 11.7 6.6 20.5 6 Durable................ 100.0 18.7 12.2 17.6 12.7 11.5 6.6 20.8 6 Nondurable............. 100.0 16.4 12.7 18.9 13.3 12.0 6.6 20.1 6 Service-producing: Transportation, public utilities 3/..... 100.0 12.3 9.8 20.0 13.8 13.1 7.2 23.9 8 Wholesale trade.......... 100.0 17.4 13.6 20.3 13.7 10.3 6.2 18.5 5 Retail trade............. 100.0 14.8 14.0 21.8 14.1 11.6 5.9 17.8 5 Finance, insurance real estate............. 100.0 15.8 13.9 20.1 11.6 9.3 7.2 22.0 6 Services................. 100.0 15.4 14.2 22.8 14.2 11.0 5.9 16.5 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Days away from work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2/Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3/Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. |