Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6396 USDL 99-259 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Tuesday, September 21, 1999 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 1999 In April through June of 1999, there were 1,430 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 286,436 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply lower than in April-June 1998, when there were strike-related plant shutdowns in the transportation equipment and electronic equipment industries. (See table A.) The completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited for layoffs and accounted for 37 percent of all second-quarter 1999 events and 39 percent of all separations. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring resulted in 63,140 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 13 percent of all events and affected 39,976 workers, up from 34,834 workers in the same period a year earlier. The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs covers layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector during April-June 1999, agriculture accounted for 13 percent of all layoff events and separations. The layoff activity occurred primarily among farm labor contractors and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Twenty-nine percent of all layoff events and 32 percent of all separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods manufacturers were most numerous in transportation equipment (primarily in shipbuilding and repairing and aircraft manufacturing), electronic and other electrical equipment (largely in current-carrying wiring devices), and industrial machinery and equipment (mostly in lawn and garden equipment). In nondurable goods industries, layoffs were most prevalent in food processing (canned and frozen fruits and vegetables and raw cane sugar). - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants -------------------------|---------------|-------------|------------------ 1995 | | | April-June ..............| 1,724 | 400,891 | 332,731 July-September...........| 950 | 193,956 | 154,226 October-December.........| 1,764 | 348,036 | 312,428 1996 | | | January-March............| 1,408 | 272,399 | 224,393 April-June...............| 1,352 | 261,628 | 200,032 July-September...........| 1,021 | 233,199 | 185,247 October-December.........| 1,916 | 417,044 | 348,073 1997 | | | January-March............| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June...............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September...........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December.........| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March............| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June(r)............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September(r)........| 1,234 | 248,053 | 256,802 October-December(r)......| 1,736 | 380,235 | 326,076 1999 | | | January-March(r).........| 1,509 | 277,496 | 255,015 April-June(p)............| 1,430 | 286,436 | 192,291 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Services accounted for 26 percent of all layoff events and 24 percent of separations, mainly in social services (primarily child day care) and business services (mostly in help supply). Retail trade accounted for 10 percent of all layoff events and 11 percent of all separations, largely in eating and drinking places. Cutbacks in construction accounted for 10 percent of events and 9 percent of separations, primarily in heavy construction and special trade contractors. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 4 percent of total events and 3 percent of all separations. Reasons for Extended Layoff Thirty-nine percent of the separations and 37 percent of the events in the second quarter were due to seasonal work. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in agricultural services (such as farm labor contractors and crop preparation services), social services (mostly in child day care services), agricultural production crops (largely in vegetables and melons and grapes), and food processing (mostly in canned fruits and vegetables). Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) comprised 18 percent of all layoff events and 22 percent - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, April-June 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |-------------------|-------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent --------------------|---------------------------------------- Total............| 1,430 | 100.0 | 286,436 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99..............| 516 | 36.1 | 36,359 | 12.7 100-149............| 332 | 23.2 | 38,856 | 13.6 150-199............| 164 | 11.5 | 27,211 | 9.5 200-299............| 174 | 12.2 | 40,131 | 14.0 300-499............| 142 | 9.9 | 51,011 | 17.8 500-999............| 77 | 5.4 | 49,687 | 17.3 1,000 or more......| 25 | 1.7 | 43,181 | 15.1 ------------------------------------------------------------- of all separations; the 63,140 separations due to restructuring were the highest second-quarter level since 1995 (77,494). (See table 2.) Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the second quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 59 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 26 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 32 percent of all separations, down from 47 percent a year earlier. The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from an average of 106 separations in fabricated metal products to 613 in transportation equipment. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 192,291 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the second quarter of 1999. Of these claimants, 17 percent were black, 50 percent were women, 22 percent were Hispanic, and 15 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Over 2 out of 5 claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 46 percent were women, 10 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-nine percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was higher in the West (96,615) than in any of the other regions. (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agricultural services and food products. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (36,641). Three of the four regions reported over-the-year decreases in separations with the largest in the Midwest (-102,105), where strike- related plant shutdowns in the transportation equipment and electronic equipment industries had occurred in 1998. Only in the West region did separations increase. Lower levels of separations this year were reported mainly by employers in the East North Central and West North Central divisions, with sharply fewer layoffs in transportation equipment. Separations rose in the Pacific division. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (64,472), followed by Illinois (31,630), Texas (21,758), Florida (19,095), Pennsylvania (14,299), and Ohio (12,514). These six states accounted for 55 percent of total layoff events and 57 percent of all separations during the second quarter of 1999. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (31,807), primarily in transportation equipment. - 4 - Over the year, the largest decreases in laid-off workers occurred in Ohio (-33,406) and Michigan (-31,602). The largest increase occurred in California (+15,572 workers), primarily in agricultural services and food products. Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, second quarter 1998 - second quarter 1999 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |--------------------------------------------------- Nature of the recall | II | III | IV | I | II | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1999r | 1999p ------------------------|--------------------------------------------------- Anticipate a recall.....| 68.2 | 56.1 | 58.1 | 57.3 | 60.1 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.........| 82.6 | 85.1 | 86.6 | 84.1 | 84.3 Within 3 months.......| 55.3 | 65.9 | 35.5 | 47.3 | 50.8 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half...........| 92.4 | 92.5 | 96.5 | 89.5 | 91.4 All workers...........| 68.8 | 72.5 | 52.4 | 53.0 | 60.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Recall Expectations Sixty percent of employers reporting a layoff in the second quarter of 1999 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, down from 68 percent a year earlier. (See table C.) Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 97 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 33 percent of the events, the lowest percentage for any second-quarter period in the series. In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 9 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1998 and 1999 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry II I II II I II II I II 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p Total( 1 ) .................................... 1,563 1,509 1,430 391,461 277,496 286,436 402,276 255,015 192,291 Total, private ........................................ 1,487 1,483 1,369 363,395 273,082 277,549 386,947 250,251 185,837 Agriculture ........................................ 143 222 175 25,006 41,770 36,209 23,254 34,192 18,255 Nonagriculture ...................................... 1,341 1,251 1,192 337,710 230,166 241,160 362,897 214,784 167,345 Manufacturing ................................... 496 502 395 183,091 87,128 88,800 212,154 80,189 53,518 Durable goods ................................ 270 280 196 145,660 52,986 48,116 173,445 43,864 26,262 Lumber and wood products ................... 8 27 7 1,078 3,833 965 1,003 3,202 656 Furniture and fixtures ..................... 9 13 5 1,791 1,932 656 2,621 1,861 391 Stone, clay, and glass products ............ 18 33 4 3,127 4,078 631 3,739 3,343 574 Primary metal industries ................... 13 24 24 2,147 6,633 2,625 2,720 5,252 2,736 Fabricated metal products .................. 34 27 26 5,939 3,497 2,744 6,200 3,780 2,560 Industrial machinery and equipment ......... 26 52 29 3,704 7,857 6,647 5,236 8,539 4,565 Electronic and other electrical equipment .. 53 41 40 21,656 5,185 7,549 21,684 6,710 4,925 Transportation equipment ................... 88 37 38 102,308 13,651 23,300 126,080 7,596 7,418 Instruments and related products ........... 8 16 12 2,318 4,416 1,633 1,983 2,289 1,303 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ..... 13 10 11 1,592 1,904 1,366 2,179 1,292 1,134 Nondurable goods ............................. 226 222 199 37,431 34,142 40,684 38,709 36,325 27,256 Food and kindred products .................. 86 91 83 13,256 12,844 19,885 15,023 14,593 11,728 Tobacco products ........................... 3 8 - 1,103 2,845 - 843 2,011 - Textile mill products ...................... 21 16 23 4,168 2,099 5,010 3,739 3,761 3,250 Apparel and other textile products ......... 48 41 41 8,134 6,124 7,690 7,714 6,805 6,478 Paper and allied products .................. 9 14 12 739 1,932 1,866 1,011 2,180 1,301 Printing and publishing .................... 13 17 13 1,923 2,323 1,661 1,905 2,565 1,313 Chemicals and allied products .............. 10 12 9 1,563 1,362 1,571 1,373 1,378 1,232 Petroleum and coal products ................ 3 3 ( 2 ) 270 392 ( 2 ) 287 329 ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . 30 14 12 5,965 3,616 2,128 6,441 2,007 1,240 Leather and leather products ............... 3 6 ( 2 ) 310 605 ( 2 ) 373 696 ( 2 ) Nonmanufacturing ................................ 845 749 797 154,619 143,038 152,360 150,743 134,595 113,827 Mining ....................................... 13 35 23 2,438 4,539 3,811 1,790 5,666 3,593 Construction .................................. 138 273 139 19,669 32,139 24,090 21,810 34,948 20,738 Transportation and public utilities ........... 104 41 87 26,768 8,059 18,909 24,556 7,291 15,169 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 169 159 166 35,272 48,897 34,174 32,969 31,424 23,070 Wholesale trade ........................... 34 45 34 4,570 5,907 4,549 3,776 4,785 3,265 Retail trade .............................. 135 114 132 30,702 42,990 29,625 29,193 26,639 19,805 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........... 24 32 28 4,178 10,675 4,811 3,569 5,556 3,176 Services ...................................... 397 209 354 66,294 38,729 66,565 66,049 49,710 48,081 Not identified ..................................... 3 10 2 679 1,146 180 796 1,275 237 Government ............................................ 76 26 61 28,066 4,414 8,887 15,329 4,764 6,454 Federal ....................................... 4 11 7 1,100 1,995 1,498 1,586 2,321 1,033 State ......................................... 15 7 10 2,881 1,220 2,091 3,511 1,183 1,164 Local ......................................... 57 8 44 24,085 1,199 5,298 10,232 1,260 4,257 1 For the second quarter 1999, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1998 and 1999 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation II I II II I II II I II 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p Total, all reasons( 1 )..... 1,563 1,509 1,430 391,461 277,496 286,436 402,276 255,015 192,291 Automation .................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Bankruptcy .................... 23 26 32 3,514 22,853 8,796 2,535 10,554 4,271 Business ownership change ..... 33 53 50 8,694 16,325 12,175 4,525 9,250 6,272 Contract cancellation ......... 20 27 24 3,546 4,388 3,771 3,319 2,927 2,452 Contract completed ............ 209 172 211 38,347 31,182 35,936 50,261 42,899 34,168 Domestic relocation ........... 20 16 16 3,532 2,037 2,982 2,686 1,472 1,946 Energy-related ................ ( 2 ) 22 4 ( 2 ) 2,769 395 ( 2 ) 4,355 698 Environment-related ........... ( 2 ) 3 4 ( 2 ) 510 1,578 ( 2 ) 651 901 Financial difficulty .......... 30 50 55 9,074 13,074 13,746 6,250 8,937 7,105 Import competition ............ 9 24 23 1,783 5,585 5,683 1,571 4,674 3,010 Labor dispute ................. 51 10 5 50,304 3,446 7,653 70,759 1,459 1,174 Material shortage ............. 36 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 14,442 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 17,399 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Model changeover .............. 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 7,741 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 16,811 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Overseas relocation ........... 10 6 14 3,076 789 2,381 2,258 883 1,538 Plant or machine repair ....... 9 6 ( 2 ) 3,987 526 ( 2 ) 4,258 604 ( 2 ) Product line discontinued ..... 11 10 10 2,211 1,337 1,335 2,632 2,043 1,133 Reorganization within company . 98 131 116 17,663 26,026 28,423 15,675 25,223 20,230 Seasonal work ................. 587 516 526 115,697 93,135 112,841 99,084 76,890 64,970 Slack work .................... 187 211 142 60,335 25,925 19,217 58,386 35,357 18,169 Vacation period ............... 76 5 78 21,515 614 12,573 12,735 394 10,552 Weather-related ............... 19 76 18 1,737 7,645 2,464 2,818 7,965 1,366 Other ......................... 87 59 48 14,288 7,824 6,564 16,947 8,738 5,543 Not reported .................. 41 81 44 9,014 10,457 6,330 10,585 9,046 5,736 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1999 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State I II I II I II I II I II I II 1999r 1999p 1999r 1999p 1999r 1999p 1999r 1999p 1999r 1999p 1999r 1999p Total( 1 ) ......... 1,509 1,430 255,015 192,291 12.4 16.8 23.4 21.8 37.6 50.2 11.8 15.0 Alabama ............... 15 32 2,729 3,975 31.6 46.9 .1 .2 29.3 57.0 13.0 17.5 Alaska ................ 4 ( 2 ) 331 ( 2 ) 1.2 .9 .9 17.5 20.2 27.8 10.6 11.8 Arizona ............... 9 26 2,318 3,938 .7 1.2 76.7 73.0 24.2 38.0 13.8 12.1 Arkansas .............. 5 8 887 912 39.5 38.7 2.4 .7 59.4 75.7 9.1 10.2 California ............ 415 310 77,573 35,908 4.9 5.9 50.6 48.8 36.6 42.5 9.8 12.6 Colorado .............. - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 3.6 - 28.2 - 88.3 - 15.3 Connecticut ........... 8 11 1,396 1,479 11.0 9.9 8.0 4.1 48.2 68.4 17.1 16.0 Delaware .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia .. ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 20.6 - 1.2 - 56.4 - 5.5 - Florida ............... 43 94 6,388 9,617 21.6 29.0 28.7 36.8 37.0 51.2 17.3 22.4 Georgia ............... 10 15 1,095 2,091 49.6 57.0 1.3 3.4 64.6 72.2 18.4 10.3 Hawaii ................ 19 15 1,941 1,275 .5 .7 1.1 .6 44.4 47.8 19.3 15.3 Idaho ................. 12 8 1,082 787 .1 .3 15.2 27.6 31.3 65.6 10.0 12.5 Illinois .............. 118 107 17,691 17,727 18.8 22.3 11.1 9.0 34.6 50.1 10.9 15.8 Indiana ............... 15 20 1,777 2,544 7.0 15.3 3.5 2.2 32.4 56.2 9.7 13.0 Iowa .................. 7 4 515 591 .4 6.3 1.0 .7 33.8 66.3 13.2 8.8 Kansas ................ 8 10 1,340 722 13.4 6.0 5.4 2.8 41.9 45.0 13.5 10.0 Kentucky .............. 14 6 1,237 518 7.7 3.1 .4 - 35.2 11.6 11.6 6.6 Louisiana ............. 18 20 3,654 2,644 24.1 43.1 2.0 1.4 9.0 44.6 8.1 12.9 Maine ................. 9 7 1,758 863 .2 .2 .2 1.5 50.1 40.1 13.1 9.0 Maryland .............. 13 7 1,317 526 38.7 51.9 2.5 .4 27.9 78.5 19.1 23.8 Massachusetts ......... 31 36 5,429 5,560 4.3 12.0 8.2 9.7 56.5 62.1 15.0 22.6 Michigan .............. 140 66 15,627 8,588 16.9 18.4 3.2 2.0 34.5 50.9 10.9 12.6 Minnesota ............. 21 25 3,178 2,423 3.5 2.1 1.8 1.7 46.7 47.3 14.3 16.1 Mississippi ........... 4 6 577 593 67.1 63.9 - .2 80.1 70.8 13.0 11.0 Missouri .............. 32 14 2,858 1,984 15.1 20.8 1.5 1.1 47.4 63.2 14.4 15.2 Montana ............... ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 512 - .6 10.7 2.0 19.6 21.7 21.4 15.2 Nebraska .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - Nevada ................ 15 22 1,958 2,832 5.8 10.4 25.3 19.8 17.4 19.3 11.3 13.5 New Hampshire ......... 3 ( 2 ) 297 ( 2 ) - 1.2 .3 1.2 8.4 38.4 19.9 8.1 New Jersey ............ 24 41 5,720 4,894 18.2 18.2 18.3 20.0 44.5 69.4 19.4 24.4 New Mexico ............ 10 12 1,197 1,086 1.4 1.4 62.5 47.4 31.5 62.2 13.9 14.3 New York .............. 35 21 6,659 2,412 14.5 10.3 7.9 9.5 48.8 58.0 13.3 14.6 North Carolina ........ 29 23 4,668 2,727 66.4 37.4 1.5 .8 54.4 61.3 14.7 15.3 North Dakota .......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 22.8 - 7.4 1.3 14.8 82.5 5.4 12.5 Ohio .................. 98 78 12,095 10,349 10.5 17.4 1.5 2.2 26.9 53.4 10.0 13.4 Oklahoma .............. 7 11 2,154 1,212 12.1 9.2 2.4 2.2 50.5 52.6 7.3 13.4 Oregon ................ 18 24 2,483 2,874 1.2 1.3 25.5 20.6 57.3 61.7 18.2 17.4 Pennsylvania .......... 87 82 22,266 15,213 6.1 10.3 1.0 1.8 44.3 63.6 15.0 20.9 Rhode Island .......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1.2 4.6 1.9 3.8 42.9 58.1 24.2 18.1 South Carolina ........ 14 24 2,837 3,271 45.9 68.4 .1 .2 54.2 78.9 2.5 2.7 South Dakota .......... - - - - - - - - - - - - Tennessee ............. 3 17 282 1,858 64.5 30.2 1.4 .3 57.4 73.6 10.6 15.8 Texas ................. 108 120 22,516 23,737 14.2 15.0 38.1 43.1 27.0 36.4 11.2 11.5 Utah .................. ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) 643 .8 .8 3.0 3.6 7.6 37.3 11.2 10.1 Vermont ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - Virginia .............. 26 20 4,356 2,582 42.7 53.8 1.0 .4 59.5 50.9 12.7 12.8 Washington ............ 10 26 2,018 5,191 2.5 2.8 4.2 23.6 30.7 37.3 14.8 14.4 West Virginia ......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1.7 1.6 - - 16.2 - .9 26.2 Wisconsin ............. 40 36 9,068 4,454 7.5 20.9 3.1 1.1 37.3 55.9 12.0 19.5 Wyoming ............... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) .5 - 19.4 18.9 25.6 1.9 13.3 11.3 Puerto Rico ........... 19 12 3,492 2,209 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 49.0 48.9 7.0 14.5 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1998 and 1999 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division II I II II I II II I II 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p United States( 1 )..... 1,563 1,509 1,430 391,461 277,496 286,436 402,276 255,015 192,291 Northeast ..................... 212 199 202 41,424 44,737 36,641 41,948 43,686 30,767 New England ............... 46 53 58 10,616 16,882 12,110 7,074 9,041 8,248 Middle Atlantic ........... 166 146 144 30,808 27,855 24,531 34,874 34,645 22,519 South ......................... 428 313 404 93,708 55,674 78,866 86,329 55,097 56,324 South Atlantic ............ 239 139 184 48,664 24,535 42,319 38,500 21,061 20,875 East South Central ........ 39 36 61 7,708 7,488 8,769 6,464 4,825 6,944 West South Central ........ 150 138 159 37,336 23,651 27,778 41,365 29,211 28,505 Midwest ....................... 453 480 361 176,419 69,465 74,314 185,030 64,298 49,462 East North Central ........ 366 411 307 154,455 57,937 66,920 163,579 56,258 43,662 West North Central ........ 87 69 54 21,964 11,528 7,394 21,451 8,040 5,800 West .......................... 470 517 463 79,910 107,620 96,615 88,969 91,934 55,738 Mountain .................. 100 51 85 15,625 6,806 16,376 13,298 7,588 10,159 Pacific ................... 370 466 378 64,285 100,814 80,239 75,671 84,346 45,579 1 See footnote 1, table 1. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1998 and 1999 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State II I II II I II II I II 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p 1998r 1999r 1999p Total( 1 ) .............. 1,563 1,509 1,430 391,461 277,496 286,436 402,276 255,015 192,291 Alabama ..................... 19 15 32 4,081 4,161 4,376 3,967 2,729 3,975 Alaska ...................... 6 4 ( 2 ) 6,237 334 ( 2 ) 904 331 ( 2 ) Arizona ..................... 37 9 26 5,766 1,574 5,625 5,861 2,318 3,938 Arkansas .................... 12 5 8 2,762 1,167 1,547 2,080 887 912 California .................. 305 415 310 48,900 90,941 64,472 66,680 77,573 35,908 Colorado .................... 10 - ( 2 ) 1,044 - ( 2 ) 996 - ( 2 ) Connecticut ................. 7 8 11 1,723 6,850 2,513 990 1,396 1,479 Delaware .................... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - District of Columbia ........ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - Florida ..................... 137 43 94 26,158 6,763 19,095 17,868 6,388 9,617 Georgia ..................... 27 10 15 7,229 1,615 3,382 7,129 1,095 2,091 Hawaii ...................... 13 19 15 1,493 1,737 1,562 1,379 1,941 1,275 Idaho ....................... 15 12 8 1,998 1,065 1,059 1,584 1,082 787 Illinois .................... 106 118 107 26,365 20,409 31,630 22,617 17,691 17,727 Indiana ..................... 34 15 20 17,059 2,232 4,366 16,019 1,777 2,544 Iowa ........................ 5 7 4 316 642 482 295 515 591 Kansas ...................... 5 8 10 3,430 3,933 1,183 3,965 1,340 722 Kentucky .................... 9 14 6 1,993 2,278 962 1,436 1,237 518 Louisiana ................... 12 18 20 4,944 3,586 3,261 4,392 3,654 2,644 Maine ....................... 11 9 7 2,336 2,017 1,541 1,524 1,758 863 Maryland .................... 8 13 7 3,761 1,722 628 3,035 1,317 526 Massachusetts ............... 22 31 36 4,542 7,491 7,407 3,387 5,429 5,560 Michigan .................... 98 140 66 41,763 14,082 10,161 76,205 15,627 8,588 Minnesota ................... 23 21 25 3,108 2,941 3,623 3,863 3,178 2,423 Mississippi ................. 7 4 6 1,370 767 917 696 577 593 Missouri .................... 53 32 14 14,610 3,712 1,984 13,232 2,858 1,984 Montana ..................... 7 ( 2 ) 6 481 ( 2 ) 526 525 ( 2 ) 512 Nebraska .................... - - - - - - - - - Nevada ...................... 8 15 22 1,498 2,198 3,512 1,489 1,958 2,832 New Hampshire ............... 5 3 ( 2 ) 1,715 300 ( 2 ) 1,081 297 ( 2 ) New Jersey .................. 73 24 41 16,241 9,427 6,497 15,036 5,720 4,894 New Mexico .................. 17 10 12 3,103 1,233 1,924 1,814 1,197 1,086 New York .................... 23 35 21 4,077 6,687 3,735 3,345 6,659 2,412 North Carolina .............. 22 29 23 5,456 5,909 6,493 3,652 4,668 2,727 North Dakota ................ - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Ohio ........................ 85 98 78 45,920 12,541 12,514 34,726 12,095 10,349 Oklahoma .................... 4 7 11 4,318 2,169 1,212 6,080 2,154 1,212 Oregon ...................... 22 18 24 3,032 2,662 4,792 3,114 2,483 2,874 Pennsylvania ................ 70 87 82 10,490 11,741 14,299 16,493 22,266 15,213 Rhode Island ................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) South Carolina .............. 13 14 24 1,199 1,692 2,471 1,721 2,837 3,271 South Dakota ................ ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Tennessee ................... 4 3 17 264 282 2,514 365 282 1,858 Texas ....................... 122 108 120 25,312 16,729 21,758 28,813 22,516 23,737 Utah ........................ 6 ( 2 ) 7 1,735 ( 2 ) 2,522 1,029 ( 2 ) 643 Vermont ..................... - - - - - - - - - Virginia .................... 23 26 20 3,817 5,989 10,189 3,520 4,356 2,582 Washington .................. 24 10 26 4,623 5,140 8,313 3,594 2,018 5,191 West Virginia ............... 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 662 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 572 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Wisconsin ................... 43 40 36 23,348 8,673 8,249 14,012 9,068 4,454 Wyoming ..................... - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Puerto Rico ................. 10 19 12 2,443 2,829 2,771 2,431 3,492 2,209 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero.