Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 06-457 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Tuesday, March 14, 2006 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JANUARY 2006 The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all unchanged in January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by indus- try and geographic region. The annual turnover, or separations, rate rose to 41 percent in 2005, up from 37 percent in 2003. Job Openings On the last business day of January 2006, there were 3.9 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.8 percent. (See table 1.) The job openings rate was unchanged in January but has generally trended upward since September 2003. In January, the job open- ings rate fell in construction. Rates did not change significantly in any geographic region. Hires and Separations The hires rate was unchanged at 3.5 percent in January. (See table 2.) Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. Over the month, the hires rate increased in manufacturing; trade, transportation, and utilities; and government. The hires rate did not change significantly in any region. The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.2 percent in January. (See table 3.) Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. In January, the total separa- tions rate decreased in the trade, transportation, and utilities industry but increased in professional and business services and in government. The total separations rate did not change significantly in any region. ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Revisions to Monthly JOLTS Data and First | | Publication of Annual Data | | | | The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release | | have been revised to incorporate annual updates to the Current | | Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal | | adjustment factors. See page 4 for more information. | | With this release, annual rates and levels for hires and sepa- | | rations from the JOLTS program are published for the first time. | | Data for the years 2001 through 2005 are presented in tables 11 | | through 20. See page 3 for more information. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Job openings | Hires | Total separations |--------------------|--------------------|-------------------- Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | 2005 | 2005 | 2006p| 2005 | 2005 | 2006p| 2005 | 2005 | 2006p -------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------- | Levels (in thousands) |-------------------------------------------------------------- Total(1)...........|3,339 |3,941 |3,916 |4,840 |4,694 |4,768 |4,540 |4,359 |4,304 Total private(1).|2,968 |3,509 |3,486 |4,499 |4,397 |4,439 |4,276 |4,067 |3,998 Construction...| 132 | 170 | 129 | 387 | 426 | 356 | 465 | 348 | 365 Manufacturing..| 263 | 313 | 300 | 310 | 307 | 371 | 371 | 355 | 347 Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | | portation, and| | | | | | | | | utilities.....| 547 | 661 | 661 |1,092 |1,011 |1,151 | 964 |1,027 | 890 Professional | | | | | | | | | and business | | | | | | | | | services......| 610 | 750 | 788 | 883 | 849 | 903 | 809 | 735 | 845 Education and | | | | | | | | | health ser- | | | | | | | | | vices.........| 574 | 618 | 604 | 470 | 467 | 440 | 362 | 400 | 357 Leisure and | | | | | | | | | hospitality...| 435 | 522 | 534 | 851 | 853 | 776 | 831 | 843 | 834 Government.......| 373 | 435 | 432 | 341 | 293 | 330 | 256 | 270 | 311 |-------------------------------------------------------------- | Rates (percent) |-------------------------------------------------------------- Total(1)...........| 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 Total private(1).| 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 Construction...| 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 Manufacturing..| 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | | portation, and| | | | | | | | | utilities.....| 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 Professional | | | | | | | | | and business | | | | | | | | | services......| 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.9 Education and | | | | | | | | | health ser- | | | | | | | | | vices.........| 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 Leisure and | | | | | | | | | hospitality...| 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 Government.......| 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Jolts seasonal adjustment factors. See the note on page 4 for more information. Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers' ability to change jobs, was little changed at 2.0 percent in January. (See table 4.) The quits rate fell in the trade, transportation, and utilities industry but increased in the professional and business services industry. The quits rate rose in the Midwest. The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges, and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From January 2005 to January 2006, the layoffs and discharges rate fell to 1.2 percent, and the other separations rate rose to 0.3 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.) Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market. Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 4.8 million per month and separations have averaged 4.5 million per month (not seasonally adjusted). The comparable figures a year earlier were 4.6 million hires and 4.4 million separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) - 3 - Annual Levels and Rates This release begins the publication of JOLTS annual rates and levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. (See tables 11 through 20.) These data series were developed in response to numerous requests by data users. Note that annual figures for job openings are not calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified time period. This first release includes annual data for the years 2001 through 2005. The annual figures and additional tables will be published with the release of January data each year. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. In 2005, annual hires rose for the second year in a row, reaching 57 million after weaker hiring in 2002 and 2003. (See table 11.) Total separations rose to 55 million in 2005, yielding an annual turnover rate of 41 percent. (See tables 13 and 14.) (The annual turnover rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.) The number of quits increased notably for the second year in a row, reaching 31 million in 2005, while the quits rate rose to 23 percent for the first time since 2001. (See tables 15 and 16.) In contrast, the levels of layoffs and discharges were relatively flat over the past several years at around 20 million per year, as was the level of other separations at about and 3.7 million per year. (See tables 17 and 19.) The corresponding rates for these measures also have shown little change since 2001. (See table 18 and 20.) For More Information For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for February 2006 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, April 11, 2006. - 4 - Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not pub- lished) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the re- sulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series from April 2004 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Table B presents revisions to seasonally adjusted job openings data for April 2004 forward, while table C presents revisions to hires data, table D presents revisions to total separations data, and table E pre- sents revisions to quits data. All revised historical seasonally ad- justed and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling 202-691-5870 or via the Internet on the JOLTS homepage. Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004- December 2005 _________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) Year |---------------------------------- |---------------------------------- and | As | As | | As | As | month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference | published | | | published | | _________________________________________________________________________________ 2004 | | | | | | April.....| 3,111 | 3,151 | 40 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.0 May.......| 3,181 | 3,159 | -22 | 2.4 | 2.3 | -.1 June......| 3,140 | 3,160 | 20 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0 July......| 3,231 | 3,276 | 45 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0 August....| 3,206 | 3,277 | 71 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0 September.| 3,265 | 3,326 | 61 | 2.4 | 2.5 | .1 October...| 3,300 | 3,370 | 70 | 2.4 | 2.5 | .1 November..| 3,277 | 3,262 | -15 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0 December..| 3,507 | 3,405 | -102 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -.1 2005 | | | | | | January...| 3,385 | 3,339 | -46 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0 February..| 3,569 | 3,494 | -75 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0 March.....| 3,598 | 3,658 | 60 | 2.6 | 2.7 | .1 April.....| 3,576 | 3,589 | 13 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0 May.......| 3,416 | 3,364 | -52 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0 June......| 3,647 | 3,598 | -49 | 2.7 | 2.6 | -.1 July......| 3,588 | 3,580 | -8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0 August....| 3,487 | 3,697 | 210 | 2.5 | 2.7 | .2 September.| 3,836 | 3,728 | -108 | 2.8 | 2.7 | -.1 October...| 3,937 | 3,867 | -70 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1 November..| 3,927 | 4,031 | 104 | 2.8 | 2.9 | .1 December..| 4,050 | 3,941 | -109 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1 __________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________ - 5 - Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 - December 2005 _________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) Year |---------------------------------- |---------------------------------- and | As | As | | As | As | month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference | published | | | published | | _________________________________________________________________________________ 2004 | | | | | | April.....| 4,509 | 4,553 | 44 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.1 May.......| 4,339 | 4,436 | 97 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1 June......| 4,492 | 4,600 | 108 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 July......| 4,297 | 4,371 | 74 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0 August....| 4,504 | 4,591 | 87 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 September.| 4,406 | 4,498 | 92 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1 October...| 4,552 | 4,622 | 70 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 November..| 4,990 | 5,021 | 31 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .0 December..| 4,639 | 4,796 | 157 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1 2005 | | | | | | January...| 4,709 | 4,840 | 131 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1 February..| 4,760 | 4,832 | 72 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0 March.....| 4,841 | 4,902 | 61 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1 April.....| 4,538 | 4,574 | 36 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0 May.......| 4,740 | 4,778 | 38 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0 June......| 4,694 | 4,807 | 113 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1 July......| 4,649 | 4,727 | 78 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0 August....| 4,601 | 4,824 | 223 | 3.4 | 3.6 | .2 September.| 4,719 | 4,748 | 29 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0 October...| 4,650 | 4,822 | 172 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1 November..| 4,641 | 4,813 | 172 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1 December..| 4,507 | 4,694 | 187 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 __________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________ - 6 - Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 - December 2005 _________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) Year |---------------------------------- |---------------------------------- and | As | As | | As | As | month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference | published | | | published | | _________________________________________________________________________________ 2004 | | | | | | April.....| 4,334 | 4,370 | 36 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.0 May.......| 4,254 | 4,272 | 18 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 June......| 4,235 | 4,324 | 89 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 July......| 4,190 | 4,291 | 101 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 August....| 4,271 | 4,337 | 66 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 September.| 4,214 | 4,375 | 161 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 October...| 4,215 | 4,420 | 205 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 November..| 4,266 | 4,323 | 57 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 December..| 4,435 | 4,590 | 155 | 3.3 | 3.5 | .2 2005 | | | | | | January...| 4,352 | 4,540 | 188 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1 February..| 4,295 | 4,481 | 186 | 3.2 | 3.4 | .2 March.....| 4,502 | 4,610 | 108 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 April.....| 4,562 | 4,614 | 52 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 May.......| 4,504 | 4,543 | 39 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0 June......| 4,477 | 4,590 | 113 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0 July......| 4,270 | 4,464 | 194 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 August....| 4,499 | 4,633 | 134 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1 September.| 4,779 | 4,798 | 19 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0 October...| 4,331 | 4,359 | 28 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 November..| 4,315 | 4,476 | 161 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1 December..| 4,133 | 4,359 | 226 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1 __________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________ - 7 - Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 - December 2005 _________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) Year |---------------------------------- |---------------------------------- and | As | As | | As | As | month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference | published | | | published | | _________________________________________________________________________________ 2004 | | | | | | April.....| 2,302 | 2,323 | 21 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 May.......| 2,276 | 2,277 | 1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .0 June......| 2,330 | 2,386 | 56 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0 July......| 2,340 | 2,414 | 74 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0 August....| 2,288 | 2,307 | 19 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .1 September.| 2,291 | 2,298 | 7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .0 October...| 2,344 | 2,415 | 71 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0 November..| 2,436 | 2,418 | -18 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0 December..| 2,495 | 2,517 | 22 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 2005 | | | | | | January...| 2,530 | 2,554 | 24 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 February..| 2,307 | 2,325 | 18 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .1 March.....| 2,516 | 2,552 | 36 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 April.....| 2,520 | 2,586 | 66 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 May.......| 2,514 | 2,534 | 20 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 June......| 2,475 | 2,541 | 66 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 July......| 2,474 | 2,511 | 37 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1 August....| 2,605 | 2,651 | 46 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1 September.| 2,778 | 2,681 | -97 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -.1 October...| 2,578 | 2,619 | 41 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1 November..| 2,587 | 2,683 | 96 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1 December..| 2,470 | 2,567 | 97 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1 __________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________ - 8 - Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteris- tics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re- ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo- rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish- ment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi- tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news- papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. - 9 - Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em- ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em- ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex- cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay- offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em- ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re- tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid- ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the January news release each year. The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the an- nual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employ- ment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be ap- proximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual es- timates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates. - 10 - Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel- atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple- mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar- able with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx- imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov- ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi- nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan- ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern- mental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust- ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. - 11 - Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data. When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each cal- endar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed, other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg- ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex- plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part- time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in- cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac- tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p Total(4)............................... 3,339 3,697 3,728 3,867 4,031 3,941 3,916 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 INDUSTRY Total private(4)...................... 2,968 3,239 3,285 3,460 3,604 3,509 3,486 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 Construction......................... 132 133 152 148 146 170 129 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.7 Manufacturing........................ 263 256 285 297 333 313 300 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities. 547 637 629 654 696 661 661 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 Professional and business services... 610 687 671 723 782 750 788 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4 Education and health services........ 574 620 630 613 601 618 604 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 Leisure and hospitality.............. 435 426 431 498 519 522 534 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0 Government............................ 373 459 443 416 434 435 432 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 REGION (5) Northeast............................ 573 617 661 704 704 718 728 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 South................................ 1,301 1,442 1,451 1,515 1,562 1,612 1,539 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 Midwest.............................. 710 724 760 762 748 738 748 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 West................................. 744 925 890 873 1,046 919 886 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.9 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p Total(4)............................... 4,840 4,824 4,748 4,822 4,813 4,694 4,768 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 INDUSTRY Total private(4)...................... 4,499 4,489 4,418 4,488 4,498 4,397 4,439 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 Construction......................... 387 446 436 430 393 426 356 5.4 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.3 5.8 4.8 Manufacturing........................ 310 346 346 449 335 307 371 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities. 1,092 1,043 983 967 954 1,011 1,151 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4 Professional and business services... 883 900 904 849 907 849 903 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.3 Education and health services........ 470 468 468 460 459 467 440 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 Leisure and hospitality.............. 851 818 836 859 895 853 776 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.0 Government............................ 341 342 314 319 314 293 330 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 REGION (5) Northeast............................ 765 805 796 744 747 698 730 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 South................................ 1,857 1,870 1,842 1,886 1,813 1,817 1,903 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 Midwest.............................. 1,160 955 965 1,017 1,031 1,038 1,004 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 West................................. 1,026 1,186 1,139 1,154 1,188 1,127 1,092 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p Total(4)............................... 4,540 4,633 4,798 4,359 4,476 4,359 4,304 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 INDUSTRY Total private(4)...................... 4,276 4,377 4,503 4,103 4,205 4,067 3,998 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 Construction......................... 465 454 423 392 371 348 365 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.9 Manufacturing........................ 371 392 437 340 388 355 347 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 Trade, transportation, and utilities. 964 1,036 1,000 935 1,003 1,027 890 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 Professional and business services... 809 754 856 757 753 735 845 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.9 Education and health services........ 362 434 433 404 418 400 357 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.0 Leisure and hospitality.............. 831 815 871 798 834 843 834 6.6 6.3 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.5 Government............................ 256 265 302 255 270 270 311 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 REGION (5) Northeast............................ 799 772 797 657 619 685 714 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8 South................................ 1,759 1,692 1,779 1,710 1,711 1,759 1,656 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 Midwest.............................. 1,040 1,053 1,065 961 1,081 934 986 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1 West................................. 1,006 1,140 1,127 1,012 1,004 997 1,007 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p Total(4)............................... 2,554 2,651 2,681 2,619 2,683 2,567 2,628 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 INDUSTRY Total private(4)...................... 2,429 2,517 2,529 2,470 2,540 2,428 2,484 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 Construction......................... 172 208 210 205 183 189 185 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 Manufacturing........................ 183 186 213 200 210 184 193 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 Trade, transportation, and utilities. 599 640 566 573 606 634 563 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 Professional and business services... 398 387 448 345 359 365 452 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 Education and health services........ 243 275 283 258 277 254 238 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 Leisure and hospitality.............. 511 543 557 597 595 558 575 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.4 Government............................ 127 132 154 142 142 139 147 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 REGION (5) Northeast............................ 421 410 361 341 333 390 381 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 South................................ 1,055 1,094 1,125 1,109 1,102 1,069 1,078 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 Midwest.............................. 543 544 574 552 572 481 593 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.9 West................................. 552 611 627 601 657 618 589 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 3,088 3,444 3,622 2.3 2.5 2.7 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 2,741 3,042 3,220 2.5 2.6 2.8 Natural resources and mining.................. 10 9 9 1.7 1.4 1.4 Construction.................................. 108 122 106 1.6 1.6 1.5 Manufacturing................................. 249 265 284 1.7 1.8 2.0 Durable goods................................ 171 184 204 1.9 2.0 2.2 Nondurable goods............................. 77 82 81 1.5 1.5 1.5 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 466 519 563 1.8 1.9 2.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 103 104 99 1.8 1.8 1.7 Retail trade................................. 278 315 353 1.8 1.9 2.3 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 85 100 111 1.7 2.0 2.2 Information................................... 85 95 114 2.7 3.0 3.6 Financial activities.......................... 198 291 287 2.4 3.4 3.4 Finance and insurance........................ 170 235 217 2.8 3.7 3.5 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 28 56 70 1.3 2.6 3.2 Professional and business services............ 561 673 726 3.3 3.8 4.2 Education and health services................. 547 580 574 3.1 3.2 3.2 Educational services......................... 45 63 57 1.6 2.1 2.0 Health care and social assistance............ 501 517 517 3.4 3.4 3.4 Leisure and hospitality....................... 393 407 483 3.2 3.1 3.8 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 56 34 53 3.3 1.9 3.0 Accommodations and food services............. 336 373 430 3.1 3.3 3.9 Other services................................ 125 80 74 2.3 1.5 1.4 Government..................................... 347 401 402 1.6 1.8 1.8 Federal....................................... 33 40 41 1.2 1.4 1.5 State and local............................... 314 362 362 1.6 1.8 1.9 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 513 588 652 2.0 2.3 2.5 South......................................... 1,243 1,405 1,471 2.6 2.8 3.0 Midwest....................................... 640 634 674 2.1 2.0 2.1 West.......................................... 692 816 824 2.3 2.7 2.7 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 4,095 3,479 4,034 3.1 2.6 3.0 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 3,787 3,285 3,736 3.5 2.9 3.4 Natural resources and mining.................. 24 14 13 4.0 2.2 2.0 Construction.................................. 300 259 276 4.5 3.6 3.9 Manufacturing................................. 312 211 372 2.2 1.5 2.6 Durable goods................................ 216 126 213 2.4 1.4 2.4 Nondurable goods............................. 96 84 159 1.8 1.6 3.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 797 834 840 3.1 3.1 3.3 Wholesale trade.............................. 151 93 97 2.7 1.6 1.7 Retail trade................................. 462 555 530 3.1 3.5 3.5 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 184 186 214 3.8 3.8 4.4 Information................................... 58 61 62 1.9 2.0 2.0 Financial activities.......................... 196 135 174 2.4 1.6 2.1 Finance and insurance........................ 128 97 128 2.1 1.6 2.1 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 68 38 47 3.3 1.8 2.2 Professional and business services............ 830 660 850 5.1 3.9 5.1 Education and health services................. 434 340 406 2.5 1.9 2.3 Educational services......................... 52 43 58 1.9 1.5 2.1 Health care and social assistance............ 382 297 348 2.7 2.0 2.4 Leisure and hospitality....................... 637 636 581 5.3 5.1 4.7 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 116 72 68 7.1 4.1 4.1 Accommodations and food services............. 521 564 513 5.0 5.2 4.8 Other services................................ 199 134 162 3.7 2.5 3.0 Government..................................... 308 195 297 1.4 .9 1.4 Federal....................................... 34 34 45 1.2 1.3 1.7 State and local............................... 274 161 252 1.5 .8 1.3 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 603 487 575 2.5 1.9 2.3 South......................................... 1,659 1,370 1,700 3.6 2.8 3.6 Midwest....................................... 967 723 836 3.2 2.3 2.7 West.......................................... 866 899 922 3.0 3.0 3.1 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 4,492 4,140 4,259 3.4 3.1 3.2 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 4,281 3,910 4,002 3.9 3.5 3.6 Natural resources and mining.................. 24 16 15 4.1 2.5 2.4 Construction.................................. 485 387 381 7.3 5.3 5.4 Manufacturing................................. 362 318 339 2.6 2.2 2.4 Durable goods................................ 231 195 181 2.6 2.2 2.0 Nondurable goods............................. 131 123 157 2.5 2.3 3.0 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,082 1,117 1,000 4.2 4.2 3.9 Wholesale trade.............................. 119 133 93 2.1 2.3 1.6 Retail trade................................. 827 745 769 5.5 4.7 5.1 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 136 239 137 2.8 4.8 2.8 Information................................... 75 62 82 2.5 2.0 2.7 Financial activities.......................... 217 164 173 2.7 2.0 2.1 Finance and insurance........................ 128 104 113 2.2 1.7 1.9 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 88 60 60 4.3 2.8 2.8 Professional and business services............ 764 700 798 4.7 4.1 4.8 Education and health services................. 353 346 348 2.1 2.0 2.0 Educational services......................... 39 45 36 1.4 1.5 1.3 Health care and social assistance............ 314 300 312 2.2 2.0 2.1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 734 691 736 6.1 5.5 6.0 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 72 99 66 4.4 5.7 3.9 Accommodations and food services............. 662 592 671 6.3 5.5 6.3 Other services................................ 184 109 131 3.5 2.0 2.5 Government..................................... 211 230 257 1.0 1.0 1.2 Federal....................................... 37 43 59 1.4 1.6 2.2 State and local............................... 174 187 198 .9 1.0 1.0 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 766 694 685 3.1 2.7 2.7 South......................................... 1,683 1,607 1,584 3.6 3.3 3.3 Midwest....................................... 1,032 895 977 3.4 2.8 3.2 West.......................................... 1,012 944 1,013 3.5 3.2 3.5 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 2,262 2,111 2,328 1.7 1.6 1.8 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 2,155 2,004 2,204 2.0 1.8 2.0 Natural resources and mining.................. 9 6 9 1.6 .9 1.4 Construction.................................. 134 150 148 2.0 2.1 2.1 Manufacturing................................. 156 129 165 1.1 .9 1.2 Durable goods................................ 95 80 98 1.1 .9 1.1 Nondurable goods............................. 61 49 67 1.2 .9 1.3 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 558 564 524 2.2 2.1 2.0 Wholesale trade.............................. 65 56 52 1.2 1.0 .9 Retail trade................................. 421 423 407 2.8 2.7 2.7 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 71 85 65 1.5 1.7 1.3 Information................................... 45 37 57 1.5 1.2 1.9 Financial activities.......................... 112 91 96 1.4 1.1 1.2 Finance and insurance........................ 64 61 72 1.1 1.0 1.2 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 47 30 24 2.3 1.4 1.1 Professional and business services............ 353 301 401 2.2 1.8 2.4 Education and health services................. 224 222 220 1.3 1.3 1.3 Educational services......................... 22 21 21 .8 .7 .8 Health care and social assistance............ 202 201 198 1.4 1.4 1.3 Leisure and hospitality....................... 454 441 510 3.8 3.5 4.1 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 28 39 33 1.7 2.2 1.9 Accommodations and food services............. 426 402 478 4.1 3.7 4.5 Other services................................ 109 63 75 2.0 1.2 1.4 Government..................................... 107 108 123 .5 .5 .6 Federal....................................... 12 16 24 .5 .6 .9 State and local............................... 95 91 100 .5 .5 .5 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 352 315 319 1.4 1.2 1.3 South......................................... 931 873 951 2.0 1.8 2.0 Midwest....................................... 484 402 529 1.6 1.3 1.7 West.......................................... 495 523 528 1.7 1.7 1.8 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 1,908 1,674 1,549 1.5 1.2 1.2 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 1,857 1,600 1,477 1.7 1.4 1.3 Natural resources and mining.................. 8 8 4 1.3 1.2 .6 Construction.................................. 340 226 215 5.1 3.1 3.1 Manufacturing................................. 174 147 140 1.2 1.0 1.0 Durable goods................................ 115 83 65 1.3 .9 .7 Nondurable goods............................. 59 64 75 1.1 1.2 1.4 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 462 474 400 1.8 1.8 1.5 Wholesale trade.............................. 44 71 34 .8 1.2 .6 Retail trade................................. 367 274 318 2.4 1.7 2.1 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 50 129 49 1.0 2.6 1.0 Information................................... 26 14 10 .9 .4 .3 Financial activities.......................... 81 53 62 1.0 .6 .8 Finance and insurance........................ 44 25 35 .7 .4 .6 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37 28 27 1.8 1.3 1.3 Professional and business services............ 360 352 285 2.2 2.1 1.7 Education and health services................. 102 92 106 .6 .5 .6 Educational services......................... 13 22 12 .5 .8 .4 Health care and social assistance............ 89 70 94 .6 .5 .6 Leisure and hospitality....................... 236 195 205 2.0 1.6 1.7 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 40 57 30 2.5 3.3 1.8 Accommodations and food services............. 195 138 175 1.9 1.3 1.6 Other services................................ 68 39 50 1.3 .7 .9 Government..................................... 52 75 73 .2 .3 .3 Federal....................................... 7 19 11 .3 .7 .4 State and local............................... 45 56 62 .2 .3 .3 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 358 331 297 1.5 1.3 1.2 South......................................... 656 613 514 1.4 1.3 1.1 Midwest....................................... 467 407 330 1.5 1.3 1.1 West.......................................... 428 323 408 1.5 1.1 1.4 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p Total........................................... 322 355 382 0.2 0.3 0.3 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 269 307 321 .2 .3 .3 Natural resources and mining.................. 7 2 2 1.1 .3 .4 Construction.................................. 10 11 18 .1 .1 .3 Manufacturing................................. 32 42 34 .2 .3 .2 Durable goods................................ 21 32 19 .2 .4 .2 Nondurable goods............................. 11 10 15 .2 .2 .3 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 63 79 75 .2 .3 .3 Wholesale trade.............................. 10 6 8 .2 .1 .1 Retail trade................................. 38 48 45 .3 .3 .3 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15 25 23 .3 .5 .5 Information................................... 4 11 15 .1 .4 .5 Financial activities.......................... 24 20 15 .3 .2 .2 Finance and insurance........................ 20 19 6 .3 .3 .1 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 2 9 .2 .1 .4 Professional and business services............ 50 47 112 .3 .3 .7 Education and health services................. 27 32 22 .2 .2 .1 Educational services......................... 4 2 2 .2 .1 .1 Health care and social assistance............ 23 30 20 .2 .2 .1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 44 55 21 .4 .4 .2 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 3 3 .3 .2 .2 Accommodations and food services............. 40 52 18 .4 .5 .2 Other services................................ 7 7 6 .1 .1 .1 Government..................................... 53 48 61 .2 .2 .3 Federal....................................... 18 9 25 .7 .3 .9 State and local............................... 35 39 36 .2 .2 .2 REGION (3) Northeast..................................... 56 48 69 .2 .2 .3 South......................................... 96 121 119 .2 .3 .3 Midwest....................................... 81 87 119 .3 .3 .4 West.......................................... 88 99 76 .3 .3 .3 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. Table 11. Annual hires levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 54,578 49,718 49,294 54,721 57,353 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 50,401 45,673 45,620 50,858 53,432 Natural resources and mining.................. 221 219 216 229 273 Construction.................................. 4,501 4,421 4,580 4,677 5,057 Manufacturing................................. 4,130 4,062 3,861 4,316 4,111 Durable goods................................ 2,239 2,356 2,389 2,718 2,576 Nondurable goods............................. 1,890 1,704 1,470 1,598 1,533 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 11,984 10,517 10,389 11,988 12,268 Wholesale trade.............................. 1,711 1,556 1,481 1,702 1,717 Retail trade................................. 8,621 7,557 7,423 8,392 8,512 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,651 1,406 1,489 1,893 2,040 Information................................... 967 799 748 792 916 Financial activities.......................... 2,207 2,002 2,031 2,292 2,287 Finance and insurance........................ 1,444 1,253 1,209 1,354 1,429 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 763 749 820 939 863 Professional and business services............ 8,521 7,758 7,842 9,416 10,597 Education and health services................. 5,484 5,133 5,164 5,253 5,613 Educational services......................... 686 587 726 713 723 Health care and social assistance............ 4,798 4,544 4,439 4,541 4,891 Leisure and hospitality....................... 10,397 8,868 8,628 9,670 9,906 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,543 1,383 1,349 1,495 1,512 Accommodations and food services............. 8,854 7,484 7,281 8,173 8,392 Other services................................ 1,992 1,899 2,160 2,223 2,402 Government..................................... 4,177 4,043 3,674 3,863 3,920 Federal....................................... 513 617 476 464 488 State and local............................... 3,667 3,426 3,197 3,399 3,433 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 9,102 7,900 8,687 9,745 9,501 South......................................... 20,335 19,079 18,705 20,998 21,937 Midwest....................................... 13,439 11,561 10,666 11,931 12,474 West.......................................... 11,703 11,179 11,236 12,048 13,441 1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 12. Annual hires rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Rates Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.9 41.6 43.0 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 45.5 42.0 42.1 46.3 47.9 Natural resources and mining.................. 36.5 37.6 37.8 38.7 43.7 Construction.................................. 65.9 65.8 68.0 67.0 69.5 Manufacturing................................. 25.1 26.6 26.6 30.2 28.9 Durable goods................................ 21.7 24.8 26.7 30.5 28.8 Nondurable goods............................. 30.9 29.5 26.5 29.6 29.0 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 46.1 41.2 41.1 47.0 47.4 Wholesale trade.............................. 29.6 27.5 26.4 30.1 29.9 Retail trade................................. 56.6 50.3 49.8 55.7 55.8 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 33.2 29.2 31.3 39.3 41.6 Information................................... 26.6 23.5 23.5 25.4 29.9 Financial activities.......................... 28.3 25.5 25.5 28.5 28.1 Finance and insurance........................ 25.0 21.5 20.4 22.8 23.8 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37.5 36.9 39.9 45.1 40.5 Professional and business services............ 51.7 48.6 49.1 57.4 62.8 Education and health services................. 35.1 31.7 31.1 31.0 32.4 Educational services......................... 27.3 22.2 26.9 25.8 25.6 Health care and social assistance............ 36.5 33.5 32.0 32.0 33.7 Leisure and hospitality....................... 86.4 74.0 70.9 77.4 77.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 84.6 77.6 74.4 80.8 80.0 Accommodations and food services............. 86.7 73.4 70.3 76.8 76.9 Other services................................ 37.9 35.3 40.0 41.1 44.6 Government..................................... 19.8 18.8 17.0 17.9 18.0 Federal....................................... 18.6 22.3 17.2 17.0 17.9 State and local............................... 20.0 18.3 17.0 18.0 18.0 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 36.2 31.7 34.9 39.2 37.8 South......................................... 43.7 41.4 40.7 44.9 46.0 Midwest....................................... 42.9 37.4 34.7 38.8 40.1 West.......................................... 40.7 39.3 39.6 41.5 45.5 1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 13. Annual total separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 54,556 49,597 48,294 51,779 54,530 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 51,406 46,454 45,136 48,479 51,295 Natural resources and mining.................. 233 229 218 216 218 Construction.................................. 4,794 4,531 4,555 4,638 4,787 Manufacturing................................. 6,177 5,121 4,350 4,255 4,502 Durable goods................................ 3,800 3,148 2,709 2,661 2,875 Nondurable goods............................. 2,378 1,972 1,641 1,591 1,627 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,324 11,108 10,682 11,704 11,956 Wholesale trade.............................. 1,820 1,777 1,647 1,720 1,594 Retail trade................................. 8,725 7,750 7,378 8,177 8,407 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,778 1,584 1,657 1,810 1,953 Information................................... 1,181 960 796 927 898 Financial activities.......................... 2,147 2,099 1,899 2,161 2,110 Finance and insurance........................ 1,369 1,330 1,162 1,339 1,354 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 776 772 738 824 755 Professional and business services............ 7,858 7,078 7,362 8,568 9,767 Education and health services................. 4,779 4,570 4,500 4,710 4,970 Educational services......................... 489 566 627 594 641 Health care and social assistance............ 4,292 4,001 3,874 4,118 4,328 Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,939 8,737 8,589 9,012 9,705 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,370 1,370 1,334 1,493 1,473 Accommodations and food services............. 8,570 7,366 7,257 7,520 8,232 Other services................................ 1,977 2,024 2,185 2,285 2,380 Government..................................... 3,150 3,144 3,158 3,298 3,238 Federal....................................... 403 409 468 414 431 State and local............................... 2,745 2,734 2,688 2,888 2,807 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 9,053 8,136 8,283 9,169 8,969 South......................................... 19,710 18,752 18,579 19,356 20,677 Midwest....................................... 13,856 11,307 10,596 11,378 12,239 West.......................................... 11,936 11,403 10,836 11,878 12,649 1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 14. Annual total separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Rates Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.1 39.4 40.9 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 46.4 42.7 41.6 44.1 45.9 Natural resources and mining.................. 38.4 39.3 38.1 36.5 34.9 Construction.................................. 70.2 67.5 67.6 66.5 65.8 Manufacturing................................. 37.6 33.6 30.0 29.7 31.6 Durable goods................................ 36.8 33.2 30.2 29.8 32.1 Nondurable goods............................. 38.9 34.1 29.6 29.5 30.8 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 47.4 43.6 42.2 45.8 46.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 31.5 31.4 29.4 30.4 27.7 Retail trade................................. 57.3 51.6 49.5 54.3 55.1 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 35.8 32.9 34.8 37.6 39.8 Information................................... 32.5 28.3 25.0 29.7 29.3 Financial activities.......................... 27.5 26.7 23.8 26.9 25.9 Finance and insurance........................ 23.7 22.9 19.6 22.5 22.5 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 38.1 38.0 35.9 39.6 35.5 Professional and business services............ 47.7 44.3 46.0 52.3 57.9 Education and health services................. 30.5 28.2 27.1 27.8 28.7 Educational services......................... 19.5 21.4 23.3 21.5 22.7 Health care and social assistance............ 32.7 29.5 27.9 29.0 29.8 Leisure and hospitality....................... 82.6 72.9 70.6 72.1 75.8 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 75.1 76.8 73.6 80.7 77.9 Accommodations and food services............. 83.9 72.2 70.0 70.7 75.4 Other services................................ 37.6 37.7 40.5 42.2 44.2 Government..................................... 14.9 14.6 14.6 15.3 14.9 Federal....................................... 14.6 14.8 17.0 15.2 15.8 State and local............................... 15.0 14.6 14.3 15.3 14.7 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 36.0 32.6 33.3 36.9 35.7 South......................................... 42.3 40.7 40.4 41.3 43.4 Midwest....................................... 44.2 36.6 34.4 37.0 39.3 West.......................................... 41.5 40.1 38.2 41.0 42.8 1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 15. Annual quits levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 30,817 26,833 24,881 27,939 30,875 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 29,127 25,282 23,452 26,375 29,276 Natural resources and mining.................. 103 87 83 98 111 Construction.................................. 1,869 1,657 1,563 1,766 2,064 Manufacturing................................. 2,463 2,142 1,870 2,140 2,264 Durable goods................................ 1,423 1,271 1,161 1,322 1,400 Nondurable goods............................. 1,042 870 712 815 865 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 7,499 6,401 5,738 6,581 7,112 Wholesale trade.............................. 979 918 845 881 865 Retail trade................................. 5,591 4,730 4,229 4,927 5,341 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 929 756 664 772 905 Information................................... 682 496 440 499 590 Financial activities.......................... 1,259 1,177 1,103 1,315 1,267 Finance and insurance........................ 830 767 666 814 850 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 428 410 436 499 412 Professional and business services............ 4,293 3,679 3,453 4,085 4,786 Education and health services................. 3,184 2,835 2,723 2,933 3,233 Educational services......................... 282 312 293 304 357 Health care and social assistance............ 2,905 2,526 2,427 2,630 2,876 Leisure and hospitality....................... 6,647 5,605 5,309 5,554 6,371 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 609 619 537 505 611 Accommodations and food services............. 6,038 4,989 4,775 5,049 5,761 Other services................................ 1,128 1,200 1,176 1,402 1,472 Government..................................... 1,690 1,553 1,428 1,562 1,601 Federal....................................... 254 209 194 163 183 State and local............................... 1,436 1,343 1,234 1,397 1,421 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 4,929 3,971 3,660 4,104 4,553 South......................................... 11,783 10,708 10,200 11,304 12,528 Midwest....................................... 7,727 6,057 5,467 6,034 6,545 West.......................................... 6,380 6,097 5,552 6,495 7,250 1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 16. Annual quits rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Rates Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 23.4 20.6 19.1 21.3 23.1 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 26.3 23.2 21.6 24.0 26.2 Natural resources and mining.................. 17.0 14.9 14.5 16.6 17.8 Construction.................................. 27.4 24.7 23.2 25.3 28.4 Manufacturing................................. 15.0 14.0 12.9 14.9 15.9 Durable goods................................ 13.8 13.4 13.0 14.8 15.6 Nondurable goods............................. 17.1 15.1 12.8 15.1 16.4 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 28.9 25.1 22.7 25.8 27.5 Wholesale trade.............................. 17.0 16.2 15.1 15.6 15.0 Retail trade................................. 36.7 31.5 28.4 32.7 35.0 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18.7 15.7 13.9 16.0 18.5 Information................................... 18.8 14.6 13.8 16.0 19.2 Financial activities.......................... 16.1 15.0 13.8 16.4 15.6 Finance and insurance........................ 14.4 13.2 11.2 13.7 14.1 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 21.0 20.2 21.2 24.0 19.4 Professional and business services............ 26.1 23.0 21.6 24.9 28.3 Education and health services................. 20.4 17.5 16.4 17.3 18.6 Educational services......................... 11.2 11.8 10.9 11.0 12.7 Health care and social assistance............ 22.1 18.6 17.5 18.5 19.8 Leisure and hospitality....................... 55.2 46.8 43.6 44.5 49.8 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 33.4 34.7 29.6 27.3 32.3 Accommodations and food services............. 59.1 48.9 46.1 47.4 52.8 Other services................................ 21.5 22.3 21.8 25.9 27.3 Government..................................... 8.0 7.2 6.6 7.2 7.3 Federal....................................... 9.2 7.6 7.0 6.0 6.7 State and local............................... 7.8 7.2 6.6 7.4 7.4 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 19.6 15.9 14.7 16.5 18.1 South......................................... 25.3 23.3 22.2 24.1 26.3 Midwest....................................... 24.7 19.6 17.8 19.6 21.0 West.......................................... 22.2 21.4 19.6 22.4 24.5 1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 19,954 19,023 19,746 20,153 19,923 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 19,048 18,057 18,628 19,048 18,886 Natural resources and mining.................. 107 103 95 70 71 Construction.................................. 2,697 2,705 2,827 2,677 2,530 Manufacturing................................. 3,186 2,555 2,073 1,799 1,780 Durable goods................................ 1,995 1,600 1,285 1,129 1,128 Nondurable goods............................. 1,197 956 788 673 650 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,147 3,944 4,151 4,315 4,121 Wholesale trade.............................. 727 733 666 706 632 Retail trade................................. 2,713 2,534 2,691 2,750 2,624 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 706 674 791 860 866 Information................................... 415 394 306 360 222 Financial activities.......................... 645 723 576 605 663 Finance and insurance........................ 347 409 329 321 350 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 298 313 247 283 315 Professional and business services............ 3,012 2,771 3,367 3,922 4,315 Education and health services................. 1,226 1,369 1,428 1,441 1,407 Educational services......................... 150 209 285 251 239 Health care and social assistance............ 1,076 1,161 1,143 1,191 1,166 Leisure and hospitality....................... 2,924 2,804 2,941 3,116 3,013 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 728 725 771 957 844 Accommodations and food services............. 2,197 2,077 2,173 2,160 2,170 Other services................................ 685 686 860 740 764 Government..................................... 907 967 1,120 1,102 1,040 Federal....................................... 61 117 164 111 120 State and local............................... 846 849 954 994 919 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 3,425 3,447 3,899 4,282 3,787 South......................................... 6,566 6,726 7,065 6,741 6,893 Midwest....................................... 5,121 4,394 4,336 4,558 4,787 West.......................................... 4,843 4,455 4,450 4,573 4,458 1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Rates Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 15.1 14.6 15.2 15.3 14.9 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 17.2 16.6 17.2 17.3 16.9 Natural resources and mining.................. 17.7 17.7 16.6 11.8 11.4 Construction.................................. 39.5 40.3 42.0 38.4 34.8 Manufacturing................................. 19.4 16.7 14.3 12.6 12.5 Durable goods................................ 19.3 16.9 14.3 12.7 12.6 Nondurable goods............................. 19.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 12.3 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 16.0 15.5 16.4 16.9 15.9 Wholesale trade.............................. 12.6 13.0 11.9 12.5 11.0 Retail trade................................. 17.8 16.9 18.0 18.3 17.2 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 14.2 14.0 16.6 17.9 17.7 Information................................... 11.4 11.6 9.6 11.5 7.2 Financial activities.......................... 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.5 8.1 Finance and insurance........................ 6.0 7.0 5.6 5.4 5.8 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 14.6 15.4 12.0 13.6 14.8 Professional and business services............ 18.3 17.3 21.1 23.9 25.6 Education and health services................. 7.8 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.1 Educational services......................... 6.0 7.9 10.6 9.1 8.5 Health care and social assistance............ 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 24.3 23.4 24.2 24.9 23.5 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39.9 40.7 42.5 51.7 44.7 Accommodations and food services............. 21.5 20.4 21.0 20.3 19.9 Other services................................ 13.0 12.8 15.9 13.7 14.2 Government..................................... 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.1 4.8 Federal....................................... 2.2 4.2 5.9 4.1 4.4 State and local............................... 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.3 4.8 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 13.6 13.8 15.7 17.2 15.1 South......................................... 14.1 14.6 15.4 14.4 14.5 Midwest....................................... 16.3 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.4 West.......................................... 16.8 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.1 1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 19. Annual other separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 3,784 3,742 3,666 3,689 3,734 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 3,231 3,116 3,055 3,056 3,135 Natural resources and mining.................. 24 39 43 45 37 Construction.................................. 227 170 165 198 192 Manufacturing................................. 528 423 406 315 457 Durable goods................................ 386 277 263 210 346 Nondurable goods............................. 143 147 144 104 111 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 677 762 795 810 720 Wholesale trade.............................. 115 125 132 130 98 Retail trade................................. 420 484 458 501 441 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 141 152 203 178 183 Information................................... 84 69 50 65 86 Financial activities.......................... 240 201 223 243 184 Finance and insurance........................ 193 153 167 202 155 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 49 56 41 28 Professional and business services............ 551 627 543 562 665 Education and health services................. 365 361 351 333 328 Educational services......................... 57 49 48 38 43 Health care and social assistance............ 311 315 303 294 286 Leisure and hospitality....................... 369 326 340 342 320 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 35 29 30 32 22 Accommodations and food services............. 331 298 311 308 298 Other services................................ 166 135 148 147 146 Government..................................... 553 623 610 634 598 Federal....................................... 88 86 109 138 131 State and local............................... 464 539 500 495 468 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 700 719 724 786 630 South......................................... 1,360 1,319 1,313 1,310 1,255 Midwest....................................... 1,011 854 793 784 907 West.......................................... 714 853 838 810 941 1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year. 2 See footnote 5, table 1. Table 20. Annual other separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Rates Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total........................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 INDUSTRY Total private.................................. 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 Natural resources and mining.................. 4.0 6.7 7.5 7.6 5.9 Construction.................................. 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.6 Manufacturing................................. 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 3.2 Durable goods................................ 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.9 Nondurable goods............................. 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 Wholesale trade.............................. 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.7 Retail trade................................. 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.9 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.7 3.7 Information................................... 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.8 Financial activities.......................... 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.3 Finance and insurance........................ 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.6 Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.3 Professional and business services............ 3.3 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.9 Education and health services................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 Educational services......................... 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 Health care and social assistance............ 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2 Accommodations and food services............. 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 Other services................................ 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 Government..................................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 Federal....................................... 3.2 3.1 3.9 5.1 4.8 State and local............................... 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 REGION (2) Northeast..................................... 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.5 South......................................... 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6 Midwest....................................... 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.9 West.......................................... 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 5, table 1.