Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-355 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, December 8, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 2000 Payroll employment increased by 94,000 in November, and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment rose by 148,000 in the private sector, with gains in the service-producing industries. Employment was little changed in the goods-producing industries and declined in government. Average hourly earnings increased by 6 cents. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons (5.7 million) and the unemployment rate (4.0 percent) were essentially unchanged in November. The jobless rate has remained within the 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999. Unemployment rates for most of the major worker groups--adult men (3.5 percent), adult women (3.4 percent), teenagers (13.1 percent), whites (3.5 percent), and blacks (7.4 percent)--showed little change over the month. The rate for Hispanics rose to 6.1 percent. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force was little changed in November at 141.1 million, and the labor force participation rate was unchanged at 67.0 percent. Total employment, at 135.4 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 64.3 percent, were essentially unchanged. (See table A-1.) The number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased by 277,000 to 3.5 million. These people indicated that they would like to work full time, but worked part time because their hours had been cut back or they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-4.) About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in November. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of total employment, compared with 6.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in November. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 234,000 in November. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Oct.- Category | 2000 | 2000 | Nov. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,639| 140,918| 141,052| 134 Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 135,161| 135,422| 135,373| -49 Unemployment........| 5,627| 5,652| 5,477| 5,496| 5,679| 183 Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,522| 69,460| 69,525| 65 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 3.9| 3.9| 4.0| 0.1 Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.4| 3.5| .1 Adult women.........| 3.7| 3.6| 3.5| 3.4| 3.4| .0 Teenagers...........| 12.3| 13.5| 12.8| 12.6| 13.1| .5 White...............| 3.4| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| 3.5| .1 Black...............| 7.7| 7.6| 7.0| 7.3| 7.4| .1 Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.0| 6.1| 1.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 131,552| 131,619| 131,723|p131,800|p131,894| p94 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| 25,680| 25,639| p25,660| p25,656| p-4 Construction......| 6,676| 6,688| 6,720| p6,742| p6,736| p-6 Manufacturing.....| 18,488| 18,453| 18,380| p18,377| p18,378| p1 Service-producing 1/| 105,849| 105,940| 106,084|p106,140|p106,238| p98 Retail trade......| 23,128| 23,189| 23,179| p23,190| p23,236| p46 Services..........| 40,272| 40,553| 40,685| p40,685| p40,750| p65 Government........| 20,827| 20,536| 20,491| p20,494| p20,440| p-54 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| 34.4| 34.4| p34.4| p34.3| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.5| 41.3| p41.4| p41.1| p-.3 Overtime..........| 4.7| 4.5| 4.4| p4.5| p4.3| p-.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 151.2| 151.2| 151.4| p151.8| p151.6| p-0.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.67| $13.79| $13.83| p$13.88| p$13.94| p$0.06 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 471.50| 474.03| 475.75| p477.47| p478.14| p.67 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 94,000 to 131.9 million in November, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector employment grew by 148,000, after rising by only 74,000 in October. Employment growth was generally stronger in the first half of 2000 than in the last 5 months. All of the November private-sector gain occurred among service-producing industries. Government employment declined by 54,000, with decreases occurring primarily at the federal and local levels. (See table B-1.) In the service-producing sector, services industry employment increased by 65,000 in November, following no growth in October. Hospitals added 15,000 jobs in November, compared with average growth of only 3,000 for the prior 12 months. Computer and data processing services gained 11,000 jobs, the second consecutive month of larger-than-average gains, while engineering and management services added 12,000 jobs. In contrast, amusement and recreation services employment fell by 15,000. Employment declined in help supply services for the second month in a row. This industry, which had added 316,000 jobs in the 12 months ending in April of this year, has lost 71,000 since then. Retail trade added 46,000 jobs in November. Department stores gained 38,000 jobs, compared with an average monthly loss of 3,000 over the first 10 months of this year. Employment in eating and drinking places grew by 17,000 after three consecutive monthly losses. The number of jobs in miscellaneous retail establishments (such as drug, jewelry, and toy stores) decreased by 14,000, seasonally adjusted, in November. Wholesale trade employment rose by 14,000 in November, the second consecutive month of above-average growth. Nearly all of the job gains were in nondurable goods distribution. Transportation and public utilities added 16,000 jobs in November, about in line with its monthly average for the first 10 months of the year. Air transportation (10,000) and communications (6,000) showed strength for the second consecutive month. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment increased by 11,000 in November. This industry has had four consecutive monthly gains following declines earlier in the year. The largest employment gains occurred among insurance carriers, where employment had been in a declining trend since June 1999. Real estate continued to add jobs. Employment in security brokerages was little changed; this industry had added jobs in every month since early last year. Government employment fell by 54,000 in November. Both state and local education agencies showed job declines in November after seasonal adjustment. Local government education employment is 8,000 below the level at the close of the prior school year in May. Employment in local government agencies besides education declined by 18,000 over the month. Federal government employment fell by 13,000 in November, after seasonal adjustment, largely due to weak seasonal hiring of postal workers. In the goods-producing sector, employment in manufacturing was about unchanged for the second month in a row, following 2 months of large losses. In November, job gains in durable goods were offset by losses in nondurable goods. Within durables, electronic components added 8,000 jobs, raising the gain so far this year to 54,000. Industrial machinery (6,000) and instruments and related products (4,000) also added jobs. In nondurables, textiles and apparel continued their long downward trends, and rubber and plastics lost 4,000 jobs. Construction employment was about unchanged in November, following 2 months of job gains. Unusually cold November weather curtailed outdoor work activities, particularly heavy construction, which lost 7,000 jobs. Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, the oil and gas industry continued to add jobs. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in November to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.3 hour to 41.1 hours, following an increase of 0.1 hour in October. In November, manufacturing overtime declined by 0.2 hour to 4.3 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 percent to 151.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.7 percent to 104.3. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in November to $13.94, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.1 percent to $478.14. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.0 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Following usual practice, the 6-month updates to seasonal | | adjustment factors for the establishment survey data are introduced | | with this release. These factors were used in the revisions to the | | September and October data as well as in the November estimates, and | | will be used through the April 2001 estimates. These factors will be| | published in the December 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings and | | are available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or | | by calling (202) 691-6555. | | Also in accordance with usual practice, the release of December | | data will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted | | unemployment and other labor force series from the household survey. | | Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to | | revision. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- The Employment Situation for December 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 5, 2001, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). Release dates for the balance of 2001 are as follows: Feb. 2 May 4 Aug. 3 Nov. 2 March 9 June 1 Sept. 7 Dec. 7 April 6 July 6 Oct. 5 - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000, the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,666 210,378 210,577 208,666 209,727 209,935 210,161 210,378 210,577 Civilian labor force............................ 139,895 140,893 141,025 139,834 140,399 140,742 140,639 140,918 141,052 Participation rate........................ 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 66.9 67.0 66.9 67.0 67.0 Employed...................................... 134,515 135,771 135,731 134,098 134,749 134,912 135,161 135,422 135,373 Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.3 64.4 64.3 Agriculture................................. 3,185 3,277 3,030 3,310 3,299 3,344 3,340 3,233 3,154 Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,330 132,494 132,701 130,788 131,450 131,569 131,821 132,188 132,219 Unemployed.................................... 5,380 5,122 5,295 5,736 5,650 5,829 5,477 5,496 5,679 Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 Not in labor force.............................. 68,771 69,485 69,551 68,832 69,329 69,193 69,522 69,460 69,525 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,077 4,051 3,971 4,429 4,478 4,213 4,349 4,380 4,322 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,179 101,075 101,175 100,179 100,745 100,847 100,963 101,075 101,175 Civilian labor force............................ 74,545 75,231 75,152 74,728 74,917 75,412 75,233 75,313 75,344 Participation rate........................ 74.4 74.4 74.3 74.6 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.5 74.5 Employed...................................... 71,797 72,552 72,371 71,732 72,063 72,407 72,352 72,378 72,286 Employment-population ratio............... 71.7 71.8 71.5 71.6 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.6 71.4 Unemployed.................................... 2,748 2,679 2,781 2,996 2,854 3,005 2,881 2,936 3,058 Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,986 92,969 93,061 91,986 92,642 92,754 92,863 92,969 93,061 Civilian labor force............................ 70,441 71,185 71,151 70,388 70,702 71,067 71,002 71,128 71,122 Participation rate........................ 76.6 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.6 76.5 76.5 76.4 Employed...................................... 68,293 69,011 68,908 68,037 68,440 68,757 68,699 68,743 68,646 Employment-population ratio............... 74.2 74.2 74.0 74.0 73.9 74.1 74.0 73.9 73.8 Agriculture................................. 2,243 2,264 2,099 2,262 2,296 2,288 2,350 2,196 2,103 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,050 66,747 66,809 65,775 66,144 66,469 66,349 66,547 66,543 Unemployed.................................... 2,148 2,175 2,243 2,351 2,263 2,309 2,303 2,385 2,476 Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,487 109,303 109,402 108,487 108,983 109,088 109,198 109,303 109,402 Civilian labor force............................ 65,350 65,662 65,874 65,106 65,482 65,330 65,406 65,605 65,708 Participation rate........................ 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.0 60.1 59.9 59.9 60.0 60.1 Employed...................................... 62,718 63,219 63,360 62,366 62,686 62,505 62,809 63,044 63,087 Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.7 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,632 2,443 2,513 2,740 2,796 2,824 2,597 2,560 2,621 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,573 101,448 101,533 100,573 101,111 101,209 101,321 101,448 101,533 Civilian labor force............................ 61,440 61,747 61,881 61,052 61,508 61,260 61,386 61,481 61,561 Participation rate........................ 61.1 60.9 60.9 60.7 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.6 Employed...................................... 59,314 59,788 59,868 58,838 59,222 58,949 59,268 59,417 59,456 Employment-population ratio............... 59.0 58.9 59.0 58.5 58.6 58.2 58.5 58.6 58.6 Agriculture................................. 728 753 722 768 792 824 744 734 778 Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,586 59,035 59,146 58,070 58,430 58,125 58,524 58,683 58,677 Unemployed.................................... 2,127 1,959 2,012 2,214 2,286 2,311 2,118 2,065 2,105 Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,107 15,960 15,983 16,107 15,974 15,972 15,977 15,960 15,983 Civilian labor force............................ 8,014 7,960 7,994 8,394 8,189 8,415 8,251 8,309 8,370 Participation rate........................ 49.8 49.9 50.0 52.1 51.3 52.7 51.6 52.1 52.4 Employed...................................... 6,909 6,972 6,955 7,223 7,087 7,206 7,195 7,262 7,272 Employment-population ratio............... 42.9 43.7 43.5 44.8 44.4 45.1 45.0 45.5 45.5 Agriculture................................. 215 260 209 280 211 232 247 304 272 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,694 6,712 6,746 6,943 6,876 6,974 6,948 6,958 7,000 Unemployed.................................... 1,106 988 1,039 1,171 1,101 1,209 1,056 1,047 1,098 Unemployment rate......................... 13.8 12.4 13.0 14.0 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6 13.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,709 174,899 175,034 173,709 174,443 174,587 174,745 174,899 175,034 Civilian labor force............................ 116,735 117,477 117,428 116,703 117,258 117,551 117,535 117,500 117,507 Participation rate.......................... 67.2 67.2 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.3 67.2 67.1 Employed...................................... 112,919 113,807 113,598 112,611 113,156 113,352 113,450 113,516 113,359 Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 65.1 64.9 64.8 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,816 3,669 3,830 4,092 4,103 4,199 4,085 3,984 4,148 Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 59,788 60,258 60,222 59,761 59,950 60,358 60,275 60,272 60,252 Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.9 76.7 76.9 76.7 77.1 77.0 76.9 76.8 Employed...................................... 58,264 58,724 58,594 58,067 58,302 58,701 58,543 58,548 58,419 Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 74.9 74.7 74.7 74.6 75.0 74.7 74.7 74.4 Unemployed.................................... 1,524 1,535 1,627 1,694 1,647 1,657 1,732 1,724 1,832 Unemployment rate........................... 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,150 50,461 50,527 49,814 50,356 50,060 50,235 50,196 50,248 Participation rate.......................... 60.3 60.2 60.2 59.9 60.2 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.9 Employed...................................... 48,659 49,057 49,105 48,273 48,700 48,388 48,688 48,716 48,764 Employment-population ratio................. 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.0 58.3 57.8 58.2 58.1 58.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,491 1,405 1,422 1,541 1,656 1,673 1,546 1,480 1,484 Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,797 6,757 6,679 7,128 6,953 7,133 7,025 7,032 7,007 Participation rate.......................... 53.4 53.2 52.6 56.0 54.7 56.2 55.3 55.4 55.2 Employed...................................... 5,996 6,027 5,898 6,271 6,153 6,264 6,219 6,252 6,176 Employment-population ratio................. 47.1 47.5 46.5 49.2 48.4 49.3 49.0 49.2 48.6 Unemployed.................................... 801 730 781 857 800 869 806 780 831 Unemployment rate........................... 11.8 10.8 11.7 12.0 11.5 12.2 11.5 11.1 11.9 Men....................................... 12.5 10.9 12.2 12.8 12.6 13.3 12.2 11.5 12.6 Women..................................... 11.0 10.7 11.2 11.2 10.3 11.0 10.7 10.6 11.1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,019 25,339 25,376 25,019 25,221 25,258 25,299 25,339 25,376 Civilian labor force............................ 16,555 16,634 16,798 16,508 16,456 16,512 16,403 16,593 16,755 Participation rate.......................... 66.2 65.6 66.2 66.0 65.2 65.4 64.8 65.5 66.0 Employed...................................... 15,292 15,469 15,604 15,187 15,190 15,190 15,246 15,380 15,509 Employment-population ratio................. 61.1 61.0 61.5 60.7 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.7 61.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,263 1,165 1,195 1,321 1,266 1,322 1,156 1,213 1,245 Unemployment rate........................... 7.6 7.0 7.1 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.0 7.3 7.4 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,335 7,443 7,453 7,277 7,292 7,337 7,274 7,387 7,401 Participation rate.......................... 73.3 73.2 73.2 72.8 72.1 72.4 71.7 72.6 72.7 Employed...................................... 6,841 6,945 6,964 6,767 6,803 6,797 6,813 6,870 6,895 Employment-population ratio................. 68.4 68.3 68.4 67.7 67.3 67.1 67.1 67.6 67.7 Unemployed.................................... 493 498 490 510 489 540 461 517 506 Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 6.7 6.6 7.0 6.7 7.4 6.3 7.0 6.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,338 8,272 8,362 8,305 8,217 8,230 8,197 8,237 8,328 Participation rate.......................... 66.5 65.1 65.7 66.3 65.0 65.0 64.6 64.8 65.4 Employed...................................... 7,818 7,822 7,866 7,757 7,691 7,710 7,724 7,775 7,803 Employment-population ratio................. 62.4 61.5 61.8 61.9 60.8 60.9 60.9 61.2 61.3 Unemployed.................................... 520 450 496 548 525 520 472 461 525 Unemployment rate........................... 6.2 5.4 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.6 6.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 882 919 983 926 947 945 932 969 1,026 Participation rate.......................... 35.6 37.4 39.9 37.3 38.4 38.4 37.8 39.4 41.7 Employed...................................... 632 702 774 663 696 682 709 735 811 Employment-population ratio................. 25.5 28.5 31.5 26.7 28.2 27.7 28.8 29.9 33.0 Unemployed.................................... 250 217 209 263 252 262 223 234 215 Unemployment rate........................... 28.3 23.6 21.2 28.4 26.6 27.8 23.9 24.2 20.9 Men....................................... 31.0 25.3 21.4 31.0 25.0 33.7 26.7 28.0 20.9 Women..................................... 26.0 22.3 21.1 25.9 27.9 22.5 21.5 21.0 21.0 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,947 22,618 22,687 21,947 22,422 22,488 22,555 22,618 22,687 Civilian labor force............................ 14,841 15,503 15,514 14,887 15,188 15,248 15,536 15,496 15,599 Participation rate.......................... 67.6 68.5 68.4 67.8 67.7 67.8 68.9 68.5 68.8 Employed...................................... 14,001 14,743 14,631 13,979 14,339 14,371 14,666 14,728 14,646 Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 65.2 64.5 63.7 64.0 63.9 65.0 65.1 64.6 Unemployed.................................... 840 760 883 908 849 876 871 767 954 Unemployment rate........................... 5.7 4.9 5.7 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.0 6.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,228 27,931 27,851 28,228 27,888 28,306 28,346 27,931 27,851 Civilian labor force.................... 12,197 12,162 12,026 12,132 12,328 12,441 12,417 12,312 11,943 Percent of population............... 43.2 43.5 43.2 43.0 44.2 43.9 43.8 44.1 42.9 Employed.............................. 11,424 11,437 11,242 11,347 11,544 11,677 11,662 11,518 11,142 Employment-population ratio......... 40.5 40.9 40.4 40.2 41.4 41.3 41.1 41.2 40.0 Unemployed............................ 773 724 784 785 784 764 755 794 801 Unemployment rate................... 6.3 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.7 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,789 57,365 57,562 57,789 57,144 56,882 57,244 57,365 57,562 Civilian labor force.................... 37,830 36,979 37,344 37,671 37,018 36,589 36,682 36,917 37,167 Percent of population............... 65.5 64.5 64.9 65.2 64.8 64.3 64.1 64.4 64.6 Employed.............................. 36,665 35,783 36,087 36,445 35,782 35,238 35,463 35,641 35,836 Employment-population ratio......... 63.4 62.4 62.7 63.1 62.6 62.0 62.0 62.1 62.3 Unemployed............................ 1,165 1,196 1,258 1,226 1,236 1,350 1,219 1,276 1,331 Unemployment rate................... 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.6 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,070 44,767 44,770 44,070 44,724 44,616 44,191 44,767 44,770 Civilian labor force.................... 32,688 33,179 33,076 32,312 32,952 33,175 32,934 32,848 32,667 Percent of population............... 74.2 74.1 73.9 73.3 73.7 74.4 74.5 73.4 73.0 Employed.............................. 31,883 32,423 32,270 31,444 32,029 32,230 32,091 32,071 31,793 Employment-population ratio......... 72.3 72.4 72.1 71.3 71.6 72.2 72.6 71.6 71.0 Unemployed............................ 805 755 806 868 923 946 843 778 874 Unemployment rate................... 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.7 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,365 45,785 45,706 44,365 45,549 45,718 45,863 45,785 45,706 Civilian labor force.................... 35,253 36,161 36,184 35,264 35,877 35,903 36,017 35,916 36,229 Percent of population............... 79.5 79.0 79.2 79.5 78.8 78.5 78.5 78.4 79.3 Employed.............................. 34,697 35,612 35,676 34,655 35,254 35,250 35,319 35,329 35,676 Employment-population ratio......... 78.2 77.8 78.1 78.1 77.4 77.1 77.0 77.2 78.1 Unemployed............................ 556 550 507 609 623 653 697 587 553 Unemployment rate................... 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,515 135,771 135,731 134,098 134,749 134,912 135,161 135,422 135,373 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,599 43,710 43,512 43,273 43,284 43,372 43,324 43,363 43,210 Married women, spouse present................... 33,920 34,008 33,890 33,635 33,618 33,413 33,402 33,604 33,621 Women who maintain families..................... 8,553 8,475 8,535 8,526 8,483 8,519 8,548 8,441 8,501 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,558 40,977 41,296 40,363 40,784 40,937 40,963 40,696 41,093 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,380 39,440 39,677 39,283 39,239 39,026 38,966 39,480 39,598 Service occupations............................. 17,548 18,229 18,429 17,633 17,877 17,675 18,128 18,582 18,578 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,919 15,083 14,767 14,903 15,236 15,263 15,156 15,113 14,679 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,813 18,663 18,466 18,476 18,296 18,592 18,501 18,327 18,135 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,298 3,378 3,095 3,407 3,309 3,400 3,395 3,274 3,214 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,946 2,063 1,877 2,049 2,079 2,056 2,010 2,044 1,964 Self-employed workers......................... 1,193 1,179 1,126 1,216 1,182 1,258 1,288 1,171 1,164 Unpaid family workers......................... 46 35 26 41 40 37 39 31 24 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 122,511 123,690 124,065 121,965 122,681 122,773 122,992 123,367 123,514 Government.................................. 19,098 19,009 19,264 18,902 18,497 18,496 18,979 19,047 19,092 Private industries.......................... 103,413 104,682 104,801 103,063 104,184 104,277 104,013 104,320 104,422 Private households........................ 932 787 800 944 807 716 812 793 812 Other industries.......................... 102,481 103,895 104,001 102,119 103,377 103,561 103,201 103,527 103,610 Self-employed workers......................... 8,715 8,678 8,505 8,686 8,609 8,590 8,799 8,550 8,488 Unpaid family workers......................... 104 126 131 108 80 116 105 144 134 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,045 2,851 3,241 3,274 3,071 3,164 3,189 3,200 3,477 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,804 1,708 2,083 1,930 1,846 1,997 2,101 1,900 2,221 Could only find part-time work.............. 974 873 829 1,032 900 855 815 973 877 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,744 19,583 20,015 18,651 18,558 18,709 18,456 18,704 18,917 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 2,886 2,704 3,089 3,105 2,940 3,038 3,021 3,031 3,325 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,696 1,609 1,979 1,815 1,750 1,924 1,983 1,810 2,119 Could only find part-time work.............. 955 856 821 1,013 881 838 804 945 867 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,193 19,030 19,454 18,083 18,041 18,190 17,879 18,158 18,318 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,736 5,496 5,679 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,351 2,385 2,476 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,214 2,065 2,105 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,171 1,047 1,098 14.0 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6 13.1 Married men, spouse present.................... 925 894 999 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.3 Married women, spouse present.................. 880 835 834 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 Women who maintain families.................... 548 477 459 6.0 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.1 Full-time workers.............................. 4,536 4,443 4,589 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 Part-time workers.............................. 1,191 1,060 1,090 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.5 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 751 736 690 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,461 1,475 1,468 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 578 525 563 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.7 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,224 1,258 1,218 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.4 6.3 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 246 249 276 6.7 5.7 6.4 5.4 7.1 7.9 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,478 4,368 4,298 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 Goods-producing industries................... 1,202 1,374 1,315 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.6 Mining..................................... 25 37 19 4.6 5.1 4.6 5.8 7.1 3.2 Construction............................... 439 519 571 5.7 5.9 6.5 6.4 6.5 7.3 Manufacturing.............................. 738 819 724 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.1 3.6 Durable goods............................ 450 465 428 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.5 Nondurable goods......................... 288 354 297 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.8 Service-producing industries................. 3,276 2,994 2,983 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 Transportation and public utilities........ 260 212 195 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.5 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,457 1,316 1,255 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 185 190 143 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.8 Services................................... 1,374 1,276 1,389 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.8 Government workers............................. 393 390 455 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.3 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 186 207 224 8.3 7.0 8.5 7.8 9.2 10.2 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,384 2,330 2,343 2,601 2,470 2,594 2,487 2,497 2,547 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,729 1,548 1,744 1,760 1,812 1,846 1,717 1,703 1,783 15 weeks and over................................ 1,268 1,244 1,207 1,401 1,331 1,384 1,226 1,320 1,331 15 to 26 weeks................................ 633 647 653 725 654 679 602 715 735 27 weeks and over............................. 635 597 555 676 677 705 624 605 596 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.9 13.0 12.4 13.0 13.3 13.0 11.9 12.4 12.4 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.2 6.2 6.1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 44.3 45.5 44.3 45.1 44.0 44.5 45.8 45.2 45.0 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 32.1 30.2 32.9 30.5 32.3 31.7 31.6 30.9 31.5 15 weeks and over.............................. 23.6 24.3 22.8 24.3 23.7 23.8 22.6 23.9 23.5 15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.8 12.6 12.3 12.6 11.7 11.7 11.1 13.0 13.0 27 weeks and over............................ 11.8 11.6 10.5 11.7 12.1 12.1 11.5 11.0 10.5 NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,340 2,076 2,327 2,493 2,417 2,615 2,511 2,428 2,492 On temporary layoff............................. 755 531 775 851 856 940 823 791 871 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,584 1,544 1,552 1,642 1,561 1,674 1,688 1,637 1,621 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,065 1,066 978 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 519 479 574 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 792 846 735 821 799 782 746 837 768 Reentrants........................................ 1,833 1,838 1,853 1,935 1,961 1,919 1,774 1,842 1,961 New entrants...................................... 415 363 380 485 402 514 411 383 430 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 43.5 40.5 44.0 43.5 43.3 44.8 46.2 44.2 44.1 On temporary layoff............................ 14.0 10.4 14.6 14.8 15.3 16.1 15.1 14.4 15.4 Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.4 30.1 29.3 28.6 28.0 28.7 31.0 29.8 28.7 Job leavers...................................... 14.7 16.5 13.9 14.3 14.3 13.4 13.7 15.3 13.6 Reentrants....................................... 34.1 35.9 35.0 33.7 35.1 32.9 32.6 33.5 34.7 New entrants..................................... 7.7 7.1 7.2 8.5 7.2 8.8 7.5 7.0 7.6 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .9 .9 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.0 3.8 3.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.6 4.3 4.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 6.8 6.3 6.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,736 5,496 5,679 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,249 2,047 2,091 10.0 9.2 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.1 16 to 19 years................................ 1,171 1,047 1,098 14.0 13.4 14.4 12.8 12.6 13.1 16 to 17 years.............................. 553 470 512 16.5 16.5 17.1 15.7 14.9 15.5 18 to 19 years.............................. 619 583 583 12.3 11.5 12.6 11.2 11.3 11.5 20 to 24 years................................ 1,078 1,000 993 7.7 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.8 25 years and over............................... 3,488 3,441 3,576 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 25 to 54 years................................ 3,048 2,943 3,054 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 55 years and over............................. 459 528 531 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,996 2,936 3,058 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.1 16 to 24 years................................ 1,194 1,128 1,143 10.2 9.6 10.1 9.3 9.4 9.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 645 551 582 14.9 14.0 16.0 13.6 13.2 13.8 16 to 17 years............................ 292 280 288 16.9 17.4 16.9 17.4 17.7 17.5 18 to 19 years............................ 353 266 290 13.6 11.9 15.5 11.0 10.3 11.3 20 to 24 years.............................. 549 576 561 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.9 7.4 7.3 25 years and over............................. 1,789 1,810 1,896 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,531 1,536 1,592 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 55 years and over........................... 252 288 298 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,740 2,560 2,621 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,055 919 948 9.8 8.9 8.6 8.0 8.4 8.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 526 496 516 13.0 12.8 12.6 11.9 12.0 12.4 16 to 17 years............................ 261 190 224 16.1 15.5 17.3 13.9 12.2 13.4 18 to 19 years............................ 266 317 293 10.8 11.0 9.4 11.3 12.3 11.7 20 to 24 years.............................. 529 423 432 7.9 6.5 6.2 5.7 6.2 6.3 25 years and over............................. 1,699 1,631 1,680 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,517 1,407 1,462 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.1 55 years and over........................... 207 240 233 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,771 69,551 25,633 26,023 43,137 43,528 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,077 3,971 1,727 1,706 2,350 2,266 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,128 1,097 591 560 538 538 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 272 234 170 165 102 70 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 857 863 421 395 436 468 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 8,057 7,455 4,170 3,812 3,886 3,643 Percent of total employed..................................... 6.0 5.5 5.8 5.3 6.2 5.8 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,504 4,082 2,548 2,271 1,956 1,811 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,759 1,555 551 519 1,208 1,036 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 311 321 225 211 86 110 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,440 1,466 824 800 616 666 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total1........................ 130,839 132,069 132,619 133,003 129,788 131,607 131,528 131,723 131,800 131,894 Total private.................... 110,126 111,786 111,836 112,063 109,517 111,001 111,018 111,232 111,306 111,454 Goods-producing......................... 25,694 25,966 25,925 25,795 25,527 25,756 25,644 25,639 25,660 25,656 Mining................................ 531 547 548 547 527 538 537 539 541 542 Metal mining........................ 45.1 43.7 44.0 43.3 45 43 44 44 44 43 Coal mining......................... 82.8 80.2 79.5 79.2 82 79 80 80 79 79 Oil and gas extraction.............. 289.9 311.5 312.5 314.2 288 306 304 307 309 311 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 113.1 111.8 112.1 110.1 112 110 109 108 109 109 Construction.......................... 6,638 6,975 6,965 6,853 6,516 6,670 6,675 6,720 6,742 6,736 General building contractors........ 1,482.9 1,540.8 1,540.6 1,531.3 1,470 1,498 1,505 1,510 1,516 1,519 Heavy construction, except building. 908.9 961.2 959.1 912.1 876 881 882 885 891 884 Special trade contractors........... 4,245.9 4,473.3 4,465.1 4,409.2 4,170 4,291 4,288 4,325 4,335 4,333 Manufacturing......................... 18,525 18,444 18,412 18,395 18,484 18,548 18,432 18,380 18,377 18,378 Production workers................ 12,740 12,650 12,616 12,599 12,702 12,741 12,630 12,585 12,582 12,578 Durable goods........................ 11,103 11,060 11,057 11,068 11,085 11,161 11,087 11,052 11,053 11,068 Production workers................ 7,594 7,550 7,543 7,554 7,579 7,629 7,567 7,541 7,540 7,552 Lumber and wood products............ 834.9 822.8 817.3 810.3 831 825 818 816 812 809 Furniture and fixtures.............. 554.0 555.1 554.6 552.9 553 564 555 556 554 553 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 567.4 572.3 571.0 567.2 564 571 566 565 565 563 Primary metal industries............ 699.2 691.9 690.9 691.3 698 698 695 691 692 692 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 227.9 223.4 221.6 222.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products........... 1,524.6 1,533.3 1,534.6 1,537.0 1,520 1,539 1,539 1,534 1,533 1,536 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,127.6 2,116.4 2,116.2 2,123.4 2,131 2,137 2,133 2,121 2,123 2,129 Computer and office equipment..... 370.3 361.8 360.5 363.1 370 361 363 361 360 362 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,672.2 1,716.2 1,720.9 1,724.4 1,670 1,719 1,718 1,714 1,719 1,724 Electronic components and accessories.................... 636.4 680.3 685.4 691.1 638 670 675 681 686 694 Transportation equipment............ 1,872.3 1,808.2 1,805.1 1,815.1 1,870 1,863 1,818 1,813 1,813 1,817 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,025.3 990.4 985.7 989.5 1,022 1,029 993 993 991 990 Aircraft and parts................ 475.5 455.9 455.5 456.2 473 460 456 457 456 455 Instruments and related products.... 849.7 846.2 846.4 849.2 850 849 849 847 847 851 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 400.8 398.0 399.9 397.3 398 396 396 395 395 394 Nondurable goods..................... 7,422 7,384 7,355 7,327 7,399 7,387 7,345 7,328 7,324 7,310 Production workers................ 5,146 5,100 5,073 5,045 5,123 5,112 5,063 5,044 5,042 5,026 Food and kindred products........... 1,686.4 1,712.6 1,698.4 1,679.3 1,675 1,680 1,670 1,661 1,671 1,672 Tobacco products.................... 40.5 38.2 38.5 38.3 38 37 34 37 36 37 Textile mill products............... 552.4 540.1 535.9 532.0 552 544 542 539 536 530 Apparel and other textile products.. 673.9 643.9 637.2 633.4 672 656 644 639 633 630 Paper and allied products........... 664.8 659.4 658.5 657.6 665 662 660 660 660 658 Printing and publishing............. 1,554.6 1,557.5 1,558.9 1,564.8 1,549 1,561 1,560 1,560 1,559 1,559 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,030.4 1,023.9 1,021.6 1,022.3 1,031 1,026 1,024 1,024 1,023 1,024 Petroleum and coal products......... 133.0 134.0 133.3 130.9 132 131 132 132 131 130 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,008.3 1,000.2 999.8 995.2 1,009 1,014 1,005 1,002 1,002 998 Leather and leather products........ 77.2 73.9 73.1 72.9 76 76 74 74 73 72 Service-producing1...................... 105,145 106,103 106,694 107,208 104,261 105,851 105,884 106,084 106,140 106,238 Transportation and public utilities... 6,943 7,078 7,094 7,116 6,898 7,010 6,941 7,037 7,046 7,062 Transportation...................... 4,499 4,593 4,600 4,614 4,453 4,536 4,549 4,549 4,550 4,561 Railroad transportation........... 225.9 221.1 221.1 218.6 226 219 221 219 220 218 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 506.4 512.7 516.2 516.8 490 502 503 500 499 500 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,837.2 1,872.3 1,871.5 1,862.1 1,823 1,846 1,845 1,845 1,843 1,842 Water transportation.............. 187.4 211.2 207.9 202.6 190 199 204 206 206 206 Transportation by air............. 1,264.1 1,285.9 1,294.6 1,322.3 1,246 1,282 1,288 1,291 1,295 1,305 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.6 12.4 12.4 12.4 13 13 12 12 12 12 Transportation services........... 465.3 477.4 476.6 479.2 465 475 476 476 475 478 Communications and public utilities. 2,444 2,485 2,494 2,502 2,445 2,474 2,392 2,488 2,496 2,501 Communications.................... 1,582.5 1,629.4 1,640.0 1,648.4 1,581 1,618 1,537 1,632 1,640 1,646 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 861.8 855.2 853.6 853.9 864 856 855 856 856 855 Wholesale trade....................... 7,001 7,074 7,098 7,113 6,989 7,050 7,062 7,070 7,088 7,102 Durable goods....................... 4,169 4,202 4,205 4,209 4,165 4,205 4,202 4,205 4,206 4,208 Nondurable goods.................... 2,832 2,872 2,893 2,904 2,824 2,845 2,860 2,865 2,882 2,894 Retail trade.......................... 23,237 23,222 23,177 23,601 22,893 23,196 23,191 23,179 23,190 23,236 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 998.9 1,017.2 1,013.5 1,008.2 1,008 1,018 1,021 1,019 1,021 1,019 General merchandise stores.......... 2,962.6 2,700.1 2,769.3 2,987.2 2,752 2,727 2,740 2,739 2,738 2,776 Department stores................. 2,592.8 2,354.8 2,418.2 2,616.7 2,406 2,373 2,393 2,389 2,389 2,427 Food stores......................... 3,532.6 3,513.6 3,527.2 3,559.1 3,498 3,519 3,522 3,522 3,521 3,517 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,376.2 2,432.7 2,432.7 2,427.6 2,380 2,411 2,418 2,424 2,430 2,433 New and used car dealers.......... 1,092.1 1,120.5 1,121.3 1,122.3 1,092 1,111 1,115 1,118 1,120 1,122 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,245.2 1,198.3 1,206.3 1,267.6 1,190 1,206 1,202 1,209 1,205 1,209 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,114.3 1,111.4 1,127.6 1,158.6 1,091 1,119 1,121 1,122 1,128 1,132 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,884.7 8,200.3 8,001.3 8,007.0 7,966 8,132 8,099 8,076 8,068 8,085 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,122.6 3,048.8 3,098.6 3,185.8 3,008 3,064 3,068 3,068 3,079 3,065 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,584 7,621 7,616 7,628 7,604 7,586 7,608 7,622 7,637 7,648 Finance............................. 3,701 3,721 3,724 3,737 3,707 3,708 3,717 3,729 3,737 3,741 Depository institutions........... 2,056.0 2,030.8 2,026.3 2,032.1 2,061 2,036 2,037 2,038 2,034 2,035 Commercial banks................ 1,468.8 1,445.3 1,439.7 1,443.6 1,473 1,449 1,450 1,450 1,446 1,447 Savings institutions............ 248.7 238.2 237.2 237.1 250 240 240 239 238 238 Nondepository institutions........ 702.1 685.1 685.4 689.1 704 683 683 687 689 690 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 343.7 321.2 321.4 322.3 345 321 319 322 324 324 Security and commodity brokers.... 709.4 761.1 765.1 766.6 709 748 753 759 766 767 Holding and other investment offices........................ 233.0 243.9 246.7 249.1 233 241 244 245 248 249 Insurance........................... 2,375 2,348 2,351 2,355 2,375 2,354 2,358 2,353 2,354 2,358 Insurance carriers................ 1,608.5 1,578.0 1,577.6 1,583.0 1,608 1,585 1,587 1,582 1,581 1,586 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 766.7 769.8 773.0 772.4 767 769 771 771 773 772 Real estate......................... 1,508 1,552 1,541 1,536 1,522 1,524 1,533 1,540 1,546 1,549 Services3............................. 39,667 40,825 40,926 40,810 39,606 40,403 40,572 40,685 40,685 40,750 Agricultural services............... 783.8 843.3 835.2 809.2 782 794 799 801 807 810 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,800.4 1,977.1 1,926.7 1,856.2 1,868 1,925 1,921 1,923 1,923 1,932 Personal services................... 1,220.8 1,247.7 1,252.1 1,256.8 1,252 1,273 1,285 1,285 1,284 1,285 Business services................... 9,655.9 9,967.5 9,992.8 9,969.0 9,502 9,768 9,800 9,853 9,821 9,823 Services to buildings............. 1,000.3 1,007.3 1,002.1 1,004.9 998 1,002 1,000 1,001 1,000 1,006 Personnel supply services......... 3,862.3 4,000.8 4,001.5 3,961.7 3,734 3,851 3,865 3,891 3,852 3,843 Help supply services............ 3,464.3 3,564.3 3,562.1 3,521.9 3,343 3,433 3,436 3,463 3,424 3,414 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,881.6 1,949.3 1,959.2 1,976.5 1,880 1,950 1,951 1,955 1,967 1,978 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,190.0 1,200.2 1,207.1 1,202.9 1,191 1,194 1,198 1,200 1,206 1,206 Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.3 384.4 386.6 384.9 379 384 384 385 385 386 Motion pictures..................... 618.7 621.1 617.6 624.5 625 634 636 631 630 630 Amusement and recreation services... 1,534.2 1,877.0 1,728.4 1,602.1 1,701 1,795 1,808 1,785 1,786 1,771 Health services..................... 10051.9 10168.8 10192.8 10223.3 10,041 10,143 10,161 10,178 10,192 10,209 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,899.6 1,941.7 1,948.7 1,951.9 1,898 1,930 1,935 1,945 1,950 1,951 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,788.4 1,793.1 1,794.4 1,798.4 1,785 1,787 1,793 1,791 1,793 1,794 Hospitals......................... 3,993.8 4,027.0 4,033.7 4,049.1 3,992 4,018 4,021 4,029 4,032 4,047 Home health care services......... 641.0 643.9 645.9 647.6 637 645 646 645 645 643 Legal services...................... 1,004.0 1,009.0 1,012.2 1,014.4 1,005 1,012 1,014 1,014 1,016 1,014 Educational services................ 2,493.2 2,332.7 2,520.3 2,574.3 2,305 2,374 2,395 2,388 2,362 2,380 Social services..................... 2,880.7 2,993.2 3,029.2 3,050.0 2,868 2,919 2,955 3,001 3,021 3,035 Child day care services........... 738.7 782.5 800.2 808.7 721 768 774 779 786 790 Residential care.................. 793.8 829.5 835.8 837.0 795 826 827 833 838 838 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 97.2 103.2 103.9 101.6 99 103 103 103 103 104 Membership organizations............ 2,416.9 2,422.2 2,431.5 2,433.7 2,434 2,429 2,433 2,445 2,446 2,450 Engineering and management services. 3,296.0 3,433.2 3,445.9 3,463.1 3,310 3,411 3,435 3,449 3,459 3,471 Engineering and architectural services....................... 967.3 1,013.5 1,014.4 1,015.5 969 1,007 1,010 1,012 1,014 1,016 Management and public relations... 1,056.4 1,125.3 1,130.1 1,137.6 1,058 1,107 1,118 1,123 1,130 1,137 Services, nec....................... 51.9 52.0 52.1 52.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Government1........................... 20,713 20,283 20,783 20,940 20,271 20,606 20,510 20,491 20,494 20,440 Federal1............................ 2,642 2,619 2,610 2,611 2,646 2,819 2,657 2,627 2,625 2,612 Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,766.3 1,762.7 1,752.5 1,744.8 1,780 1,954 1,790 1,764 1,762 1,758 State............................... 4,866 4,751 4,898 4,917 4,723 4,744 4,765 4,776 4,772 4,765 Education......................... 2,143.0 1,972.8 2,135.7 2,163.9 1,980 1,994 2,002 2,009 2,004 1,995 Other State government............ 2,722.7 2,778.2 2,761.9 2,752.7 2,743 2,750 2,763 2,767 2,768 2,770 Local............................... 13,205 12,913 13,275 13,412 12,902 13,043 13,088 13,088 13,097 13,063 Education......................... 7,697.9 7,232.7 7,644.6 7,756.0 7,323 7,394 7,411 7,396 7,403 7,387 Other local government............ 5,507.1 5,680.4 5,630.7 5,656.3 5,579 5,649 5,677 5,692 5,694 5,676 1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, 5,000, 6,000, and 6,000 in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, and November 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 34.5 34.5 34.7 34.3 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.3 Goods-producing......................... 41.5 41.3 41.2 40.7 41.3 41.1 40.8 40.7 40.9 40.5 Mining................................ 44.6 46.0 46.1 44.9 44.2 45.3 44.6 45.2 45.6 44.8 Construction.......................... 39.5 40.0 40.1 38.5 40.1 39.3 39.2 39.0 39.3 38.6 Manufacturing......................... 42.2 41.7 41.6 41.5 41.7 41.7 41.4 41.3 41.4 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 Durable goods........................ 42.7 42.2 42.0 42.0 42.2 42.4 41.9 41.8 41.9 41.6 Overtime hours.................... 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 Lumber and wood products............ 41.4 40.9 41.0 40.6 41.1 41.1 40.4 40.5 40.7 40.6 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.4 40.2 39.8 39.9 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.4 39.6 39.6 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.2 43.9 43.8 42.8 43.8 43.7 43.2 43.1 43.2 42.5 Primary metal industries............ 44.7 43.9 43.5 43.8 44.3 44.3 43.7 43.7 43.7 43.5 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.3 44.5 43.8 43.7 45.3 45.2 44.4 44.5 44.2 43.4 Fabricated metal products........... 42.7 42.4 42.3 42.1 42.1 42.6 42.1 42.0 42.1 41.7 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.5 42.1 42.1 41.9 42.2 42.6 42.2 42.1 42.1 41.7 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 42.1 41.6 41.3 41.5 41.4 41.9 41.0 41.2 41.1 40.9 Transportation equipment............ 44.1 43.5 43.4 43.4 43.6 43.9 43.4 42.9 43.1 43.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.2 44.3 44.1 43.8 44.7 44.5 44.5 43.6 44.0 43.4 Instruments and related products.... 41.9 41.1 41.1 41.3 41.5 41.6 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.9 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.3 39.7 39.7 39.5 39.7 39.7 39.4 39.3 39.3 39.0 Nondurable goods..................... 41.4 41.0 40.8 40.8 41.0 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.4 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 Food and kindred products........... 42.5 42.2 41.8 41.7 41.8 41.2 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.1 Tobacco products.................... 43.0 41.3 40.0 39.4 41.9 40.5 39.9 40.3 38.9 38.2 Textile mill products............... 41.6 41.1 41.1 41.0 41.3 41.2 40.7 41.0 40.9 40.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 36.9 36.9 36.7 37.4 37.3 36.9 36.8 36.8 36.6 Paper and allied products........... 43.8 43.0 42.8 43.0 43.4 42.4 42.4 42.7 42.5 42.5 Printing and publishing............. 38.8 38.5 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.1 37.9 38.1 38.1 37.9 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.4 43.1 43.2 43.1 43.0 43.4 43.0 42.9 43.0 42.6 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.0 45.3 45.7 44.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 42.0 41.4 41.1 41.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.1 41.1 40.9 Leather and leather products........ 38.1 37.9 37.6 38.9 37.7 37.1 37.1 37.4 37.4 38.7 Service-producing....................... 32.7 32.7 33.0 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 38.3 38.7 39.0 38.5 38.3 38.8 38.2 38.5 38.6 38.5 Wholesale trade....................... 38.4 38.5 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 28.7 28.8 29.0 28.6 29.0 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.1 36.6 35.9 36.2 36.3 36.1 36.3 36.1 36.1 Services.............................. 32.7 32.5 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... $13.43 $13.88 $13.95 $13.96 $463.34 $478.86 $484.07 $478.83 Seasonally adjusted............. 13.41 13.83 13.88 13.94 462.65 475.75 477.47 478.14 Goods-producing......................... 15.05 15.61 15.64 15.66 624.58 644.69 644.37 637.36 Mining................................ 17.01 17.05 17.04 17.07 758.65 784.30 785.54 766.44 Construction.......................... 17.42 18.16 18.21 18.17 688.09 726.40 730.22 699.55 Manufacturing......................... 14.08 14.50 14.53 14.63 594.18 604.65 604.45 607.15 Durable goods........................ 14.58 15.07 15.11 15.22 622.57 635.95 634.62 639.24 Lumber and wood products............ 11.60 11.88 11.92 11.90 480.24 485.89 488.72 483.14 Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.36 11.88 11.91 11.88 458.94 477.58 474.02 474.01 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.04 14.53 14.57 14.50 620.57 637.87 638.17 620.60 Primary metal industries............ 16.12 16.65 16.56 16.65 720.56 730.94 720.36 729.27 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 19.11 19.58 19.28 19.26 865.68 871.31 844.46 841.66 Fabricated metal products........... 13.59 14.02 14.04 14.08 580.29 594.45 593.89 592.77 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.22 15.84 15.80 15.98 646.85 666.86 665.18 669.56 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.61 13.84 13.87 13.93 572.98 575.74 572.83 578.10 Transportation equipment............ 18.39 19.30 19.52 19.79 811.00 839.55 847.17 858.89 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.80 19.87 20.19 20.52 849.76 880.24 890.38 898.78 Instruments and related products.... 14.34 14.80 14.84 14.90 600.85 608.28 609.92 615.37 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.41 11.70 11.77 11.81 459.82 464.49 467.27 466.50 Nondurable goods..................... 13.31 13.63 13.63 13.72 551.03 558.83 556.10 559.78 Food and kindred products........... 12.19 12.50 12.46 12.61 518.08 527.50 520.83 525.84 Tobacco products.................... 18.02 18.51 17.90 18.54 774.86 764.46 716.00 730.48 Textile mill products............... 10.80 11.05 11.02 11.04 449.28 454.16 452.92 452.64 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.98 9.16 9.15 9.18 337.65 338.00 337.64 336.91 Paper and allied products........... 16.08 16.31 16.35 16.36 704.30 701.33 699.78 703.48 Printing and publishing............. 14.02 14.48 14.48 14.53 543.98 557.48 554.58 557.95 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.64 18.07 18.05 18.10 765.58 778.82 779.76 780.11 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.76 21.14 21.09 21.28 935.68 957.64 963.81 955.47 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.46 12.87 12.90 12.98 523.32 532.82 530.19 533.48 Leather and leather products........ 9.93 10.25 10.19 10.07 378.33 388.48 383.14 391.72 Service-producing....................... 12.90 13.32 13.42 13.43 421.83 435.56 442.86 439.16 Transportation and public utilities... 15.90 16.31 16.38 16.42 608.97 631.20 638.82 632.17 Wholesale trade....................... 14.76 15.32 15.43 15.41 566.78 589.82 597.14 591.74 Retail trade.......................... 9.22 9.57 9.58 9.59 264.61 275.62 277.82 274.27 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.74 15.12 15.23 15.22 530.64 545.83 557.42 546.40 Services.............................. 13.57 13.96 14.07 14.12 443.74 453.70 462.90 461.72 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from: Oct. 2000- Nov. 2000 Total private: Current dollars.............. $13.41 $13.75 $13.80 $13.83 $13.88 $13.94 0.4 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.86 7.90 7.87 7.89 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.03 15.40 15.45 15.46 15.57 15.67 .6 Mining...................... 17.00 17.23 17.05 17.09 17.10 17.14 .2 Construction................ 17.37 17.90 17.93 17.96 18.00 18.21 1.2 Manufacturing............... 14.07 14.39 14.43 14.43 14.56 14.64 .5 Excluding overtime4....... 13.33 13.64 13.69 13.73 13.82 13.91 .7 Service-producing............. 12.89 13.23 13.28 13.33 13.36 13.41 .4 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.84 16.17 16.26 16.30 16.38 16.41 .2 Wholesale trade............. 14.76 15.22 15.24 15.32 15.34 15.41 .5 Retail trade................ 9.21 9.45 9.49 9.54 9.56 9.59 .3 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.76 15.03 15.12 15.19 15.17 15.24 .5 Services.................... 13.53 13.89 13.94 13.97 14.00 14.07 .5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .3 percent from September 2000 to October 2000, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 150.4 152.7 153.6 152.2 149.6 151.4 150.9 151.4 151.8 151.6 Goods-producing......................... 118.5 119.2 118.7 116.3 116.8 117.4 115.8 115.6 116.0 114.7 Mining................................ 51.4 53.3 53.6 52.0 50.2 51.9 50.8 51.4 52.2 51.1 Construction.......................... 185.6 197.9 197.7 185.9 183.3 184.1 183.3 184.2 186.3 181.9 Manufacturing......................... 108.3 106.4 105.7 105.4 106.8 107.2 105.3 104.9 105.0 104.3 Durable goods........................ 113.0 111.1 110.6 110.6 111.5 113.0 110.6 110.0 110.2 109.6 Lumber and wood products............ 150.0 145.4 144.8 142.1 148.0 146.7 142.9 142.6 142.7 141.7 Furniture and fixtures.............. 140.3 139.2 137.5 137.3 138.0 140.1 136.9 136.6 136.6 136.3 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.4 118.5 117.8 114.1 116.5 117.3 114.9 114.4 114.6 112.5 Primary metal industries............ 92.6 90.4 89.3 89.9 91.5 91.9 90.4 89.8 89.8 89.4 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 71.9 69.7 68.2 67.9 72.0 71.4 70.1 69.9 69.4 67.8 Fabricated metal products........... 121.5 121.5 121.2 121.1 119.3 123.3 121.1 120.3 120.5 119.7 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.0 103.8 103.9 104.0 104.4 106.5 105.4 104.3 104.6 103.9 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 108.6 109.4 108.7 109.6 106.8 110.4 108.1 108.2 107.8 107.9 Transportation equipment............ 127.0 121.0 120.8 121.7 125.5 125.7 120.7 119.8 121.0 120.7 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 171.1 161.0 159.7 159.4 168.5 167.7 161.3 159.5 161.0 157.5 Instruments and related products.... 76.9 73.8 73.3 74.0 76.3 75.2 74.2 73.8 73.5 73.4 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 105.1 101.4 102.4 101.2 102.8 100.9 100.1 99.9 99.5 98.7 Nondurable goods..................... 101.9 100.0 99.0 98.3 100.3 99.4 98.2 97.9 97.8 97.0 Food and kindred products........... 120.8 122.6 120.1 118.0 117.9 117.1 116.3 115.5 116.4 115.7 Tobacco products.................... 62.2 54.0 52.5 51.3 56.0 50.2 43.5 49.9 48.2 47.3 Textile mill products............... 80.8 78.1 77.4 76.6 80.0 78.9 77.5 77.5 77.2 75.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 59.2 55.4 54.8 54.3 58.6 57.3 55.5 54.9 54.3 53.7 Paper and allied products........... 107.8 105.2 104.2 104.7 106.6 103.8 103.6 104.3 103.6 103.6 Printing and publishing............. 124.0 123.6 123.1 123.3 121.8 122.7 122.0 122.7 122.5 121.0 Chemicals and allied products....... 104.3 101.5 101.4 101.7 103.5 103.2 101.7 101.1 101.0 100.4 Petroleum and coal products......... 71.4 64.9 65.1 62.8 70.1 64.6 63.0 61.5 62.9 61.6 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 149.4 145.8 144.7 143.9 147.6 148.5 146.1 145.0 144.8 143.4 Leather and leather products........ 33.4 31.8 31.0 32.0 32.4 31.9 31.4 31.0 30.5 31.5 Service-producing....................... 164.7 167.7 169.3 168.4 164.4 166.6 166.7 167.5 167.9 168.1 Transportation and public utilities... 134.8 140.1 141.7 140.0 133.8 138.7 135.1 138.5 139.1 138.8 Wholesale trade....................... 131.5 133.0 134.2 133.4 131.3 132.6 132.2 133.3 133.2 133.6 Retail trade.......................... 144.8 144.9 145.2 146.2 143.7 144.7 144.6 144.4 145.1 145.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.6 139.0 140.8 138.7 138.9 139.2 138.8 139.9 139.5 140.0 Services.............................. 205.2 210.5 213.3 211.3 205.2 208.4 210.0 210.5 211.0 211.3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0 1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2 1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4 1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0 2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 51.4 53.7 p55.1 p53.1 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3 1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1 1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4 1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1 2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 57.9 58.4 p51.4 p52.5 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4 1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4 1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1 1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6 2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 59.3 56.0 p54.8 p58.0 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4 1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1 1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2 2000.............. 64.9 63.8 60.8 p59.7 p58.4 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2 1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4 1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9 1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4 2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 36.3 38.8 p45.7 p46.0 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6 1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0 1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6 1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7 2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 44.2 36.3 p29.5 p36.7 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7 1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7 1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7 1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1 2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 45.0 38.1 p33.8 p37.1 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2 1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5 1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0 2000.............. 47.8 44.6 39.2 p39.2 p35.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.