Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 97-435 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until Establishment data: 606-6555 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, December 5, 1997. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 1997 Employment rose sharply in November, and the unemployment rate was little changed at 4.6 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 404,000 with gains widespread throughout the private sector. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 6.2 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.6 percent, were little changed in November. Since March, the number of unemployed persons has fallen by 895,000 and the jobless rate by 0.6 percentage point. In November, the unemployment rates for adult men and white workers each declined from 4.1 percent to 3.8 percent; the rate for Hispanics (6.9 percent) was also down. The jobless rates for adult women (4.0 percent), teenagers (15.0 percent), and blacks (9.6 percent) showed little or no movement over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Among the unemployed, the number of persons who had been looking for work for fewer than 5 weeks declined in November, as did the number who had been looking for work for 27 weeks or more. (See table A-5.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment rose by 671,000 in November to 130.6 million (seasonally adjusted). That measure had changed little between May and October. The proportion of the population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) rose in November to 64.0 percent, an all-time high. (See table A-1.) About 8.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in November. These multiple jobholders comprised 6.2 percent of the total employed. (See table A-9.) The civilian labor force rose by 453,000 to 136.8 million in November, after seasonal adjustment. The labor force participation rate was about unchanged at 67.1 percent. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in November. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________|Oct.- Category | 19971/ | 19971/ |Nov. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 136,157| 136,413| 136,467| 136,361| 136,814| 453 Employment..........| 129,462| 129,742| 129,715| 129,894| 130,565| 671 Unemployment........| 6,695| 6,671| 6,752| 6,467| 6,249| -218 Not in labor force....| 66,678| 66,954| 67,102| 67,407| 67,127| -280 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.9| 4.9| 4.9| 4.7| 4.6| -0.1 Adult men...........| 4.1| 4.1| 4.1| 4.1| 3.8| -.3 Adult women.........| 4.4| 4.3| 4.4| 4.0| 4.0| .0 Teenagers...........| 15.9| 16.5| 16.7| 15.3| 15.0| -.3 White...............| 4.1| 4.2| 4.3| 4.1| 3.8| -.3 Black...............| 10.2| 9.4| 9.6| 9.5| 9.6| .1 Hispanic origin.....| 7.7| 7.6| 7.6| 8.0| 6.9| -1.1 ________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 121,854| 122,575| 122,792|p123,079|p123,483| p404 Goods-producing 2/..| 24,694| 24,750| 24,771| p24,815| p24,887| p72 Construction......| 5,616| 5,635| 5,642| p5,650| p5,679| p29 Manufacturing.....| 18,504| 18,541| 18,553| p18,591| p18,635| p44 Service-producing 2/| 97,159| 97,825| 98,021| p98,264| p98,596| p332 Retail trade......| 22,045| 22,188| 22,215| p22,249| p22,354| p105 Services..........| 35,436| 35,745| 35,850| p35,956| p36,136| p180 Government........| 19,594| 19,746| 19,714| p19,744| p19,739| p-5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| 34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.8| p0.3 Manufacturing.......| 42.0| 41.8| 41.9| p42.0| p42.1| p.1 Overtime..........| 4.8| 4.7| 4.7| p4.8| p4.9| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $12.19| $12.30| $12.35| p$12.40| p$12.47| p$0.07 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 420.85| 424.36| 426.08| p427.80| p433.96| p6.16 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 1997, household data reflect revised population controls used in the survey. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - in the prior 12 months, but were not counted as unemployed because they did not search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for jobs specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 331,000 in November, little changed from a year earlier. (See table A-9.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 404,000 in November, after seasonal adjustment. Job gains were widespread throughout the private sector, with the largest increases occurring in services and retail trade. (See table B-1.) Employment in the services industry rose by 180,000 in November. Business services added 77,000 jobs, mainly due to a large increase in the help supply industry (53,000) and continued growth in computer and data processing services (13,000). Employment growth also continued in engineering and management, health, and educational services. Amusement and recreation services added 20,000 jobs in November, its first large increase since July. Retail trade employment rose by 105,000 in November. Reflecting strong hiring for the holiday season, there were large gains in department stores (31,000) and miscellaneous retail establishments (27,000) such as toy stores, gift shops, book stores, and catalog and mail-order outlets. Employment in furniture and home furnishing stores continued to rise, while employment in eating and drinking places showed its first large increase (30,000) since July. Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, wholesale trade exhibited stronger-than-average employment growth for the second month in a row. November also was the third consecutive month of above-average gains in the finance industry. Employment rose in commercial banking, and rapid growth continued in security and commodity brokerages. Transportation and public utilities showed a small employment increase in November, following a large gain in the previous month. Overall, government employment was little changed over the month. Federal government employment, excluding the Postal Service, fell by 12,000 in November, following a gain of similar magnitude in October. Nonpostal federal employment has declined by 364,000 since its most recent peak in May 1992. In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment increased by 44,000 over the month. This was the third large increase in the last 4 months. Since its most recent trough in September 1996, manufacturing has added 208,000 jobs. In November, motor vehicles had the largest gain (17,000). Food products and printing and publishing added 11,000 and 4,000 employees, respectively. Three other manufacturing industries--aircraft and parts, electronic components, and industrial machinery--have been increasing at a steady pace, and growth in these industries continued in November. Taken together, these three industries have added 171,000 jobs since September 1996. In contrast, the apparel industry has lost 55,000 jobs over the same period. Construction employment rose by 29,000 in November. The gain was about twice the average monthly increase so far this year. Although growth had been sluggish during the summer months, employment was up by 184,000 over the last 12 months. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour in November to 34.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 42.1 and 4.9 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 1.1 percent to 142.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index rose by 0.6 percent to 109.4. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 7 cents in November to $12.47, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 1.4 percent over the month to $433.96. Over the past year, average hourly earnings have risen by 4.1 percent and average weekly earnings by 5.0 percent. (See table B-3.) ________________________________________ The Employment Situation for December 1997 is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 9, 1998, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). Release dates for the balance of 1998 are as follows: Feb. 6 May 8 Aug. 7 Nov. 6 March 6 June 5 Sept. 4 Dec. 4 April 3 July 2 Oct. 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------- | Changes in Household Data Series | | In accordance with usual practice, the release of December | |data will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted | |unemployment and other labor force series. Seasonally adjusted | |data for the most recent 4 years are subject to revision. | | Effective with the release of data for January 1998 in | |February, improvements will be introduced into the composite | |estimation procedures used in the household survey. These | |changes will simplify processing of the monthly labor force data | |at BLS and will allow users of the survey microdata to replicate | |more easily the official estimates released by BLS. In addition,| |there will be a slight decrease in the variance of some major | |estimates, particularly employment levels and the over-the-month | |change in those levels. The new procedures are expected to | |produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force and | |employment. | ----------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1997, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from zero to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population............ 201,463 203,767 203,941 201,463 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 Civilian labor force.......................... 134,973 136,665 136,912 134,831 136,290 136,480 136,467 136,361 136,814 Participation rate...................... 67.0 67.1 67.1 66.9 67.1 67.1 67.0 66.9 67.1 Employed.................................... 128,157 130,671 130,999 127,644 129,708 129,804 129,715 129,894 130,565 Employment-population ratio............. 63.6 64.1 64.2 63.4 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.7 64.0 Agriculture............................... 3,253 3,372 3,259 3,354 3,482 3,383 3,450 3,303 3,381 Nonagricultural industries................ 124,904 127,299 127,739 124,290 126,226 126,421 126,265 126,591 127,184 Unemployed.................................. 6,816 5,995 5,914 7,187 6,583 6,677 6,752 6,467 6,249 Unemployment rate....................... 5.0 4.4 4.3 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 Not in labor force............................ 66,489 67,102 67,029 66,632 66,876 66,884 67,102 67,407 67,127 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 96,654 98,050 98,141 96,654 97,733 97,838 97,946 98,050 98,141 Civilian labor force.......................... 72,119 73,345 73,426 72,362 73,230 73,315 73,190 73,333 73,753 Participation rate...................... 74.6 74.8 74.8 74.9 74.9 74.9 74.7 74.8 75.1 Employed.................................... 68,565 70,215 70,328 68,589 69,749 69,791 69,639 69,790 70,441 Employment-population ratio............. 70.9 71.6 71.7 71.0 71.4 71.3 71.1 71.2 71.8 Unemployed.................................. 3,555 3,130 3,098 3,773 3,481 3,524 3,551 3,543 3,313 Unemployment rate....................... 4.9 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 88,971 90,140 90,251 88,971 89,888 89,982 90,068 90,140 90,251 Civilian labor force.......................... 68,375 69,361 69,455 68,391 69,203 69,301 69,171 69,202 69,522 Participation rate...................... 76.9 76.9 77.0 76.9 77.0 77.0 76.8 76.8 77.0 Employed.................................... 65,502 66,855 66,951 65,349 66,414 66,491 66,325 66,331 66,861 Employment-population ratio............. 73.6 74.2 74.2 73.4 73.9 73.9 73.6 73.6 74.1 Agriculture............................... 2,324 2,363 2,275 2,355 2,411 2,300 2,407 2,288 2,314 Nonagricultural industries................ 63,178 64,491 64,676 62,994 64,003 64,191 63,918 64,043 64,547 Unemployed.................................. 2,874 2,506 2,504 3,042 2,789 2,810 2,846 2,871 2,661 Unemployment rate....................... 4.2 3.6 3.6 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 104,809 105,718 105,799 104,809 105,433 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 Civilian labor force.......................... 62,854 63,321 63,486 62,469 63,060 63,165 63,277 63,027 63,061 Participation rate...................... 60.0 59.9 60.0 59.6 59.8 59.9 59.9 59.6 59.6 Employed.................................... 59,593 60,456 60,670 59,055 59,958 60,013 60,076 60,104 60,125 Employment-population ratio............. 56.9 57.2 57.3 56.3 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.8 Unemployed.................................. 3,261 2,865 2,816 3,414 3,102 3,152 3,201 2,923 2,936 Unemployment rate....................... 5.2 4.5 4.4 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 97,366 98,144 98,212 97,366 97,919 98,000 98,082 98,144 98,212 Civilian labor force.......................... 59,100 59,777 59,787 58,574 59,186 59,408 59,483 59,320 59,233 Participation rate...................... 60.7 60.9 60.9 60.2 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.4 60.3 Employed.................................... 56,395 57,397 57,495 55,753 56,685 56,819 56,882 56,926 56,855 Employment-population ratio............. 57.9 58.5 58.5 57.3 57.9 58.0 58.0 58.0 57.9 Agriculture............................... 760 834 806 786 841 836 841 812 838 Nonagricultural industries................ 55,635 56,562 56,689 54,967 55,844 55,983 56,041 56,114 56,017 Unemployed.................................. 2,705 2,380 2,292 2,821 2,501 2,589 2,601 2,395 2,378 Unemployment rate....................... 4.6 4.0 3.8 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population........... 15,126 15,483 15,478 15,126 15,359 15,382 15,420 15,483 15,478 Civilian labor force.......................... 7,498 7,528 7,670 7,866 7,901 7,771 7,813 7,839 8,060 Participation rate...................... 49.6 48.6 49.6 52.0 51.4 50.5 50.7 50.6 52.1 Employed.................................... 6,261 6,419 6,552 6,542 6,608 6,493 6,508 6,637 6,849 Employment-population ratio............. 41.4 41.5 42.3 43.3 43.0 42.2 42.2 42.9 44.3 Agriculture............................... 169 174 179 213 229 246 202 203 230 Nonagricultural industries................ 6,092 6,245 6,373 6,329 6,379 6,247 6,306 6,434 6,619 Unemployed.................................. 1,237 1,108 1,118 1,324 1,293 1,278 1,305 1,201 1,211 Unemployment rate....................... 16.5 14.7 14.6 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.7 15.3 15.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population............ 168,924 170,427 170,545 168,924 170,010 170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 Civilian labor force.......................... 113,881 114,963 115,098 113,816 114,627 114,649 114,694 114,718 115,094 Participation rate........................ 67.4 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.4 67.4 67.4 67.3 67.5 Employed.................................... 108,900 110,653 110,913 108,570 109,853 109,782 109,770 109,985 110,693 Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.9 65.0 64.3 64.6 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.9 Unemployed.................................. 4,981 4,309 4,186 5,246 4,774 4,867 4,924 4,734 4,401 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 58,546 59,214 59,340 58,549 59,096 59,129 59,035 59,070 59,405 Participation rate........................ 77.3 77.4 77.5 77.3 77.4 77.4 77.2 77.2 77.6 Employed.................................... 56,410 57,374 57,490 56,276 57,030 57,018 56,901 56,919 57,433 Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 75.0 75.1 74.3 74.7 74.6 74.4 74.4 75.0 Unemployed.................................. 2,136 1,840 1,849 2,273 2,066 2,111 2,134 2,152 1,972 Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 48,981 49,356 49,286 48,558 48,756 48,927 48,997 48,961 48,852 Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.4 60.3 59.8 59.8 60.0 60.0 60.0 59.8 Employed.................................... 47,029 47,701 47,717 46,530 47,055 47,123 47,165 47,275 47,245 Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 58.4 58.4 57.3 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.8 Unemployed.................................. 1,952 1,655 1,569 2,028 1,701 1,805 1,831 1,686 1,608 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.4 3.2 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... 6,354 6,393 6,472 6,709 6,775 6,593 6,663 6,687 6,837 Participation rate........................ 53.0 52.3 52.9 56.0 55.6 54.0 54.5 54.7 55.8 Employed.................................... 5,461 5,579 5,705 5,764 5,768 5,641 5,704 5,791 6,015 Employment-population ratio............... 45.6 45.6 46.6 48.1 47.3 46.2 46.7 47.3 49.1 Unemployed.................................. 893 814 767 945 1,007 951 959 896 822 Unemployment rate......................... 14.0 12.7 11.9 14.1 14.9 14.4 14.4 13.4 12.0 Men..................................... 15.6 14.2 12.5 15.5 15.4 15.5 14.6 14.6 12.6 Women................................... 12.4 11.0 11.1 12.6 14.3 13.2 14.1 12.0 11.4 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population............ 23,762 24,117 24,149 23,762 24,006 24,043 24,081 24,117 24,149 Civilian labor force.......................... 15,298 15,624 15,627 15,290 15,510 15,804 15,746 15,514 15,620 Participation rate........................ 64.4 64.8 64.7 64.3 64.6 65.7 65.4 64.3 64.7 Employed.................................... 13,772 14,208 14,232 13,673 14,055 14,341 14,236 14,045 14,126 Employment-population ratio............... 58.0 58.9 58.9 57.5 58.5 59.6 59.1 58.2 58.5 Unemployed.................................. 1,526 1,416 1,395 1,617 1,455 1,463 1,510 1,469 1,494 Unemployment rate......................... 10.0 9.1 8.9 10.6 9.4 9.3 9.6 9.5 9.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 6,916 7,004 6,993 6,899 6,957 7,072 7,006 6,940 6,972 Participation rate........................ 72.9 72.9 72.4 72.7 72.6 73.7 72.9 72.2 72.2 Employed.................................... 6,294 6,469 6,486 6,264 6,386 6,541 6,459 6,361 6,447 Employment-population ratio............... 66.3 67.3 67.2 66.0 66.6 68.1 67.2 66.2 66.8 Unemployed.................................. 622 535 507 635 572 532 548 579 525 Unemployment rate......................... 9.0 7.6 7.3 9.2 8.2 7.5 7.8 8.3 7.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 7,537 7,742 7,740 7,499 7,689 7,803 7,818 7,647 7,704 Participation rate........................ 63.4 64.1 64.0 63.0 64.0 64.8 64.8 63.3 63.7 Employed.................................... 6,910 7,105 7,132 6,833 7,053 7,146 7,161 7,020 7,055 Employment-population ratio............... 58.1 58.8 59.0 57.4 58.7 59.4 59.4 58.1 58.3 Unemployed.................................. 627 637 608 666 636 658 657 627 649 Unemployment rate......................... 8.3 8.2 7.8 8.9 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... 845 878 894 892 864 928 921 927 944 Participation rate........................ 35.5 36.1 37.2 37.5 35.7 38.5 38.3 38.1 39.3 Employed.................................... 569 634 614 576 616 655 616 664 624 Employment-population ratio............... 23.9 26.0 25.5 24.2 25.5 27.2 25.6 27.3 25.9 Unemployed.................................. 276 244 280 316 247 273 305 263 320 Unemployment rate......................... 32.7 27.8 31.4 35.4 28.6 29.4 33.1 28.4 33.9 Men..................................... 37.5 25.1 30.9 41.2 32.9 33.1 38.7 27.8 35.4 Women................................... 28.3 30.3 31.7 30.0 25.1 26.2 28.4 29.0 32.7 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population............ 19,454 20,519 20,575 19,454 20,351 20,407 20,464 20,519 20,575 Civilian labor force.......................... 13,248 14,002 13,964 13,182 13,866 13,910 13,827 13,911 13,940 Participation rate........................ 68.1 68.2 67.9 67.8 68.1 68.2 67.6 67.8 67.8 Employed.................................... 12,183 12,953 13,050 12,094 12,768 12,911 12,780 12,799 12,985 Employment-population ratio............... 62.6 63.1 63.4 62.2 62.7 63.3 62.5 62.4 63.1 Unemployed.................................. 1,065 1,049 914 1,088 1,098 999 1,047 1,112 955 Unemployment rate......................... 8.0 7.5 6.5 8.3 7.9 7.2 7.6 8.0 6.9 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over............... 128,157 130,671 130,999 127,644 129,708 129,804 129,715 129,894 130,565 Married men, spouse present................... 42,681 43,159 43,129 42,631 42,589 42,697 42,527 42,817 43,043 Married women, spouse present................. 32,867 33,318 33,162 32,509 32,866 32,933 32,843 33,021 32,801 Women who maintain families................... 7,498 7,866 7,740 7,444 7,901 7,941 7,891 7,866 7,709 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty......... 37,509 38,080 38,300 37,177 37,558 37,775 37,869 37,803 37,980 Technical, sales, and administrative support.. 37,962 38,630 38,660 37,821 38,193 38,322 38,600 38,591 38,544 Service occupations........................... 17,298 17,657 17,781 17,408 17,523 17,774 17,809 17,710 17,870 Precision production, craft, and repair....... 13,644 14,110 14,186 13,508 14,282 13,972 13,822 13,984 14,129 Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......... 18,476 18,696 18,723 18,259 18,515 18,473 18,226 18,382 18,498 Farming, forestry, and fishing................ 3,268 3,499 3,349 3,445 3,554 3,407 3,499 3,384 3,540 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers..................... 1,757 1,805 1,747 1,829 1,913 1,841 1,898 1,787 1,845 Self-employed workers....................... 1,435 1,506 1,466 1,464 1,492 1,487 1,527 1,463 1,497 Unpaid family workers....................... 61 61 46 68 53 51 40 60 49 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers..................... 115,737 118,260 118,638 115,133 117,104 117,323 117,286 117,623 118,104 Government................................ 18,456 18,137 18,384 18,270 18,338 18,254 18,033 18,029 18,184 Private industries........................ 97,282 100,123 100,255 96,863 98,766 99,069 99,253 99,594 99,920 Private households...................... 953 893 913 956 910 946 864 865 907 Other industries........................ 96,329 99,230 99,341 95,907 97,856 98,122 98,389 98,729 99,013 Self-employed workers....................... 9,035 8,948 9,009 9,023 8,887 8,923 8,926 8,904 9,027 Unpaid family workers....................... 132 90 92 140 131 129 81 89 98 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. 3,860 3,602 3,768 3,983 4,017 3,992 3,916 3,898 3,893 Slack work or business conditions......... 2,052 1,983 2,153 2,107 2,211 2,122 2,159 2,196 2,224 Could only find part-time work............ 1,499 1,343 1,334 1,559 1,522 1,519 1,476 1,399 1,381 Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 19,398 19,001 19,316 17,957 18,015 18,093 17,690 18,131 17,951 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. 3,700 3,439 3,575 3,815 3,872 3,854 3,728 3,726 3,678 Slack work or business conditions......... 1,959 1,885 2,041 2,001 2,102 2,037 2,040 2,095 2,096 Could only find part-time work............ 1,480 1,312 1,300 1,543 1,509 1,485 1,435 1,364 1,337 Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 18,751 18,392 18,708 17,313 17,418 17,519 17,180 17,549 17,371 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over....................... 7,187 6,467 6,249 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 Men, 20 years and over....................... 3,042 2,871 2,661 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 Women, 20 years and over..................... 2,821 2,395 2,378 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years................... 1,324 1,201 1,211 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.7 15.3 15.0 Married men, spouse present.................. 1,327 1,137 1,013 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 Married women, spouse present................ 1,227 948 938 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.8 Women who maintain families.................. 715 659 682 8.8 7.4 8.1 7.7 7.7 8.1 Full-time workers............................ 5,800 5,188 4,907 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.4 Part-time workers............................ 1,384 1,281 1,338 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.4 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty........ 866 689 640 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 Technical, sales, and administrative support. 1,800 1,551 1,562 4.5 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 Precision production, craft, and repair...... 811 799 636 5.7 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.4 4.3 Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... 1,524 1,393 1,414 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.0 7.0 7.1 Farming, forestry, and fishing............... 286 285 245 7.7 6.0 7.4 6.4 7.8 6.5 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers...................................... 5,595 4,974 4,855 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.6 Goods-producing industries................. 1,717 1,406 1,299 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.5 Mining................................... 28 41 21 4.9 3.8 5.3 2.9 6.0 3.1 Construction............................. 689 597 533 10.3 8.7 9.3 8.6 8.7 7.6 Manufacturing............................ 1,000 767 745 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.6 Durable goods.......................... 563 365 374 4.5 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 Nondurable goods....................... 437 403 371 5.1 5.5 4.9 5.5 4.7 4.3 Service-producing industries............... 3,878 3,568 3,555 5.2 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.7 Transportation and public utilities...... 250 238 213 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.2 2.8 Wholesale and retail trade............... 1,654 1,638 1,644 6.3 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate...... 211 223 183 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.3 Services................................. 1,763 1,469 1,516 5.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.4 Government workers........................... 533 438 417 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2 Agricultural wage and salary workers......... 224 194 171 10.9 7.5 9.5 8.9 9.8 8.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks.............................. 2,721 2,362 2,295 2,819 2,352 2,598 2,470 2,639 2,357 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 2,109 1,802 1,943 2,252 2,071 2,134 2,142 1,883 2,078 15 weeks and over.............................. 1,986 1,830 1,675 2,184 2,157 2,012 2,127 1,983 1,840 15 to 26 weeks.............................. 907 831 791 1,018 1,082 931 1,035 890 882 27 weeks and over........................... 1,079 999 884 1,166 1,074 1,082 1,092 1,093 958 Average (mean) duration, in weeks.............. 15.8 16.6 15.3 16.0 16.6 15.9 16.0 16.6 15.6 Median duration, in weeks...................... 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.7 8.5 7.8 8.4 7.6 7.8 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................ 39.9 39.4 38.8 38.9 35.7 38.5 36.7 40.6 37.6 5 to 14 weeks................................ 30.9 30.1 32.9 31.0 31.5 31.6 31.8 28.9 33.1 15 weeks and over............................ 29.1 30.5 28.3 30.1 32.8 29.8 31.6 30.5 29.3 15 to 26 weeks............................. 13.3 13.9 13.4 14.0 16.5 13.8 15.4 13.7 14.1 27 weeks and over.......................... 15.8 16.7 15.0 16.1 16.3 16.0 16.2 16.8 15.3 NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Reason Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs..... 3,126 2,525 2,698 3,261 2,903 3,064 3,017 2,906 2,799 On temporary layoff................................... 871 668 707 994 877 865 878 987 801 Not on temporary layoff............................... 2,255 1,857 1,992 2,267 2,026 2,199 2,140 1,920 1,998 Permanent job losers................................ 1,549 1,252 1,304 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs................ 706 606 688 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers............................................. 838 769 661 825 822 915 868 723 647 Reentrants.............................................. 2,370 2,225 2,099 2,523 2,244 2,144 2,259 2,245 2,230 New entrants............................................ 482 475 456 586 553 544 561 553 562 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed........................................ Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... 45.9 42.1 45.6 45.3 44.5 46.0 45.0 45.2 44.9 On temporary layoff.................................. 12.8 11.1 12.0 13.8 13.4 13.0 13.1 15.4 12.8 Not on temporary layoff.............................. 33.1 31.0 33.7 31.5 31.1 33.0 31.9 29.9 32.0 Job leavers............................................ 12.3 12.8 11.2 11.5 12.6 13.7 12.9 11.2 10.4 Reentrants............................................. 34.8 37.1 35.5 35.1 34.4 32.2 33.7 34.9 35.8 New entrants........................................... 7.1 7.9 7.7 8.1 8.5 8.2 8.4 8.6 9.0 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 Job leavers............................................ .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 Reentrants............................................. 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 New entrants........................................... .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force....................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................................................... 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).............. 5.0 4.4 4.3 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....................................... 5.3 4.6 4.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............... 6.1 5.3 5.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.9 7.9 8.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 7,187 6,467 6,249 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,531 2,364 2,352 11.9 10.9 11.3 11.3 11.1 10.8 16 to 19 years................................ 1,324 1,201 1,211 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.7 15.3 15.0 16 to 17 years.............................. 555 563 589 17.0 17.5 17.7 19.5 17.3 17.9 18 to 19 years.............................. 788 649 642 17.0 15.8 15.6 14.6 14.1 13.4 20 to 24 years................................ 1,207 1,162 1,141 9.0 7.7 8.3 8.1 8.6 8.4 25 years and over............................... 4,630 4,089 3,868 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.4 25 to 54 years................................ 4,131 3,632 3,395 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5 55 years and over............................. 493 465 473 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.8 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,773 3,543 3,313 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.5 16 to 24 years................................ 1,378 1,368 1,331 12.5 11.4 12.0 12.1 12.2 11.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 731 672 652 18.4 17.2 17.8 17.5 16.3 15.4 16 to 17 years............................ 309 310 331 18.9 18.6 17.5 18.9 18.0 19.0 18 to 19 years............................ 448 362 344 19.0 16.2 18.1 16.5 14.9 13.7 20 to 24 years.............................. 647 696 679 9.2 8.1 8.7 9.1 9.8 9.4 25 years and over............................. 2,390 2,162 1,972 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,098 1,882 1,698 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.2 55 years and over........................... 283 271 273 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,414 2,923 2,936 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 16 to 24 years................................ 1,153 996 1,021 11.3 10.4 10.5 10.3 9.9 10.0 16 to 19 years.............................. 593 529 559 15.2 15.5 15.0 15.8 14.3 14.6 16 to 17 years............................ 246 252 257 15.1 16.4 17.8 20.1 16.5 16.8 18 to 19 years............................ 340 287 299 15.0 15.4 13.1 12.6 13.2 13.1 20 to 24 years.............................. 560 467 462 8.9 7.3 7.8 7.1 7.3 7.2 25 years and over............................. 2,240 1,926 1,896 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,033 1,750 1,697 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.7 55 years and over........................... 210 194 200 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 2.6 2.7 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 1996 1997 1996 1997 1996 1997 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force.................................... 66,489 67,029 24,534 24,715 41,955 42,313 Persons who currently want a job.............................. 4,878 4,469 2,023 1,841 2,855 2,628 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............. 1,503 1,337 702 589 801 748 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................. 346 331 190 182 156 149 Reasons other than discouragement(3)............... 1,157 1,006 512 407 645 599 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4).................................... 8,494 8,156 4,453 4,311 4,041 3,844 Percent of total employed................................... 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.8 6.3 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.............. 4,648 4,609 2,749 2,741 1,899 1,868 Primary and secondary jobs both part time................... 1,851 1,849 537 512 1,314 1,337 Primary and secondary jobs both full time................... 258 194 190 132 68 62 Hours vary on primary or secondary job...................... 1,697 1,468 963 906 735 562 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997p 1997p 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997p 1997p Total......................... 121,505 123,229 124,105 124,494 120,450 122,440 122,492 122,792 123,079 123,483 Total private.................... 101,537 103,748 104,080 104,333 100,956 102,721 102,688 103,078 103,335 103,744 Goods-producing......................... 24,682 25,176 25,165 25,081 24,508 24,713 24,765 24,771 24,815 24,887 Mining................................ 575 582 580 575 571 574 573 576 574 573 Metal mining........................ 54.1 54.2 53.6 53.1 54 54 54 54 54 54 Coal mining......................... 94.7 91.3 91.0 90.2 94 91 91 91 91 90 Oil and gas extraction.............. 318.0 324.5 325.8 323.7 316 321 321 323 322 322 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 108.4 111.6 110.0 108.3 107 108 107 108 107 107 Construction.......................... 5,620 5,933 5,921 5,814 5,495 5,625 5,637 5,642 5,650 5,679 General building contractors........ 1,290.2 1,348.5 1,350.4 1,346.3 1,272 1,308 1,306 1,305 1,311 1,327 Heavy construction, except building. 802.7 843.1 838.0 789.4 773 761 764 762 756 757 Special trade contractors........... 3,527.1 3,740.9 3,732.3 3,678.1 3,450 3,556 3,567 3,575 3,583 3,595 Manufacturing......................... 18,487 18,661 18,664 18,692 18,442 18,514 18,555 18,553 18,591 18,635 Production workers................ 12,779 12,922 12,920 12,932 12,737 12,792 12,815 12,818 12,852 12,879 Durable goods........................ 10,814 10,977 11,006 11,051 10,791 10,910 10,957 10,952 10,986 11,018 Production workers................ 7,408 7,541 7,562 7,595 7,390 7,482 7,525 7,518 7,546 7,568 Lumber and wood products............ 791.0 810.9 808.7 806.1 787 796 798 798 799 801 Furniture and fixtures.............. 506.9 508.1 512.1 514.9 504 510 506 508 509 511 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 545.7 551.5 553.0 547.2 541 541 541 541 545 544 Primary metal industries............ 709.9 712.9 713.1 716.4 708 708 711 713 715 714 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 237.4 236.2 235.1 235.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,461.2 1,480.1 1,484.8 1,489.6 1,457 1,468 1,475 1,477 1,481 1,483 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,109.4 2,158.8 2,165.2 2,175.5 2,115 2,155 2,165 2,168 2,175 2,181 Computer and office equipment..... 364.7 382.7 384.3 384.7 365 381 385 384 385 385 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,653.6 1,664.4 1,670.1 1,681.1 1,649 1,658 1,661 1,663 1,667 1,674 Electronic components and accessories.................... 607.7 638.2 643.8 647.3 609 632 637 639 644 647 Transportation equipment............ 1,791.3 1,843.4 1,848.7 1,873.9 1,790 1,826 1,855 1,840 1,850 1,870 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 959.6 977.3 976.8 993.7 960 965 985 973 977 994 Aircraft and parts................ 477.4 514.7 519.3 525.2 475 510 514 515 518 522 Instruments and related products.... 854.0 858.6 859.9 859.8 854 859 858 858 860 859 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 390.8 388.1 390.4 386.8 386 389 387 386 385 381 Nondurable goods..................... 7,673 7,684 7,658 7,641 7,651 7,604 7,598 7,601 7,605 7,617 Production workers................ 5,371 5,381 5,358 5,337 5,347 5,310 5,290 5,300 5,306 5,311 Food and kindred products........... 1,692.9 1,755.9 1,726.6 1,709.0 1,688 1,684 1,679 1,688 1,690 1,701 Tobacco products.................... 43.6 42.6 43.9 44.0 42 41 40 40 41 42 Textile mill products............... 617.4 606.5 603.1 602.8 616 608 604 605 603 602 Apparel and other textile products.. 850.2 810.4 809.1 802.0 844 810 810 803 801 798 Paper and allied products........... 679.5 677.4 675.8 675.4 679 675 675 675 676 675 Printing and publishing............. 1,541.5 1,542.6 1,548.7 1,557.1 1,535 1,549 1,547 1,547 1,548 1,552 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,026.1 1,025.8 1,026.5 1,027.7 1,028 1,023 1,024 1,026 1,028 1,029 Petroleum and coal products......... 141.6 140.1 139.1 138.1 141 138 138 138 137 137 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 987.1 992.8 995.5 995.0 985 986 991 990 992 992 Leather and leather products........ 93.5 89.9 90.0 89.5 93 90 90 89 89 89 Service-producing....................... 96,823 98,053 98,940 99,413 95,942 97,727 97,727 98,021 98,264 98,596 Transportation and public utilities... 6,356 6,514 6,546 6,555 6,303 6,443 6,289 6,473 6,500 6,509 Transportation...................... 4,128 4,268 4,293 4,300 4,078 4,202 4,049 4,232 4,250 4,256 Railroad transportation........... 230.2 228.6 229.4 229.7 229 229 225 227 226 229 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 463.6 470.9 477.4 477.7 447 461 464 457 459 462 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,667.3 1,732.5 1,733.4 1,727.0 1,649 1,692 1,703 1,708 1,711 1,709 Water transportation.............. 170.1 180.0 180.7 176.4 173 176 179 176 180 179 Transportation by air............. 1,157.3 1,202.3 1,215.8 1,234.7 1,142 1,193 1,025 1,211 1,220 1,222 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.2 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 424.7 439.6 441.8 440.4 424 437 439 439 440 441 Communications and public utilities. 2,228 2,246 2,253 2,255 2,225 2,241 2,240 2,241 2,250 2,253 Communications.................... 1,351.1 1,379.8 1,389.3 1,394.1 1,347 1,372 1,376 1,376 1,386 1,390 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 876.6 865.7 863.2 860.7 878 869 864 865 864 863 Wholesale trade....................... 6,563 6,699 6,732 6,745 6,549 6,664 6,675 6,687 6,709 6,733 Durable goods....................... 3,845 3,957 3,977 3,995 3,847 3,938 3,957 3,962 3,976 3,996 Nondurable goods.................... 2,718 2,742 2,755 2,750 2,702 2,726 2,718 2,725 2,733 2,737 Retail trade.......................... 22,205 22,289 22,332 22,701 21,847 22,159 22,189 22,215 22,249 22,354 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 904.5 932.5 929.5 926.3 909 930 929 926 926 933 General merchandise stores.......... 2,980.5 2,787.8 2,884.8 3,058.1 2,761 2,803 2,822 2,818 2,825 2,848 Department stores................. 2,610.6 2,445.0 2,534.6 2,693.2 2,418 2,458 2,470 2,469 2,476 2,507 Food stores......................... 3,502.1 3,503.4 3,521.0 3,558.3 3,467 3,502 3,505 3,507 3,519 3,523 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,297.0 2,345.5 2,341.4 2,339.3 2,300 2,318 2,325 2,331 2,335 2,343 New and used car dealers.......... 1,045.7 1,062.2 1,062.9 1,063.1 1,045 1,055 1,057 1,057 1,060 1,064 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,159.4 1,084.2 1,103.3 1,151.3 1,107 1,096 1,102 1,102 1,107 1,105 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,033.9 1,041.3 1,056.9 1,086.1 1,010 1,042 1,044 1,049 1,053 1,061 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,458.0 7,762.6 7,606.7 7,580.5 7,530 7,639 7,618 7,626 7,623 7,653 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,869.2 2,831.6 2,888.7 3,000.7 2,763 2,829 2,844 2,856 2,861 2,888 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 6,930 7,090 7,097 7,102 6,949 7,058 7,068 7,082 7,106 7,125 Finance............................. 3,330 3,422 3,430 3,446 3,334 3,405 3,414 3,427 3,440 3,455 Depository institutions........... 2,026.5 2,045.4 2,045.6 2,053.0 2,029 2,048 2,048 2,048 2,051 2,058 Commercial banks................ 1,471.6 1,489.7 1,490.3 1,496.0 1,473 1,490 1,491 1,491 1,494 1,499 Savings institutions............ 256.7 250.0 248.7 248.9 257 253 252 251 250 250 Nondepository institutions........ 529.3 553.2 553.8 556.3 530 545 549 554 558 559 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 237.0 248.0 248.4 250.2 238 243 245 249 251 252 Security and commodity brokers.... 563.0 599.8 604.3 608.1 564 592 595 600 604 609 Holding and other investment offices........................ 210.9 223.6 225.9 228.6 211 220 222 225 227 229 Insurance........................... 2,216 2,230 2,239 2,242 2,220 2,230 2,232 2,232 2,239 2,243 Insurance carriers................ 1,503.6 1,510.1 1,516.7 1,519.1 1,507 1,509 1,510 1,511 1,516 1,519 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 711.9 720.0 721.9 722.8 713 721 722 721 723 724 Real estate......................... 1,384 1,438 1,428 1,414 1,395 1,423 1,422 1,423 1,427 1,427 Services2............................. 34,801 35,980 36,208 36,149 34,800 35,684 35,702 35,850 35,956 36,136 Agricultural services............... 636.8 717.9 712.8 684.9 639 673 675 680 685 690 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,664.3 1,802.9 1,761.6 1,693.4 1,731 1,747 1,747 1,756 1,765 1,762 Personal services................... 1,166.9 1,153.7 1,161.1 1,163.0 1,194 1,182 1,185 1,187 1,189 1,197 Business services................... 7,497.9 7,841.2 7,932.9 7,966.8 7,398 7,682 7,657 7,732 7,761 7,838 Services to buildings............. 895.7 906.1 904.5 904.0 896 901 894 902 901 904 Personnel supply services......... 2,789.1 2,868.1 2,922.1 2,924.3 2,706 2,767 2,732 2,762 2,770 2,817 Help supply services............ 2,467.1 2,525.3 2,575.7 2,574.0 2,391 2,425 2,395 2,423 2,427 2,480 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,247.2 1,369.8 1,386.9 1,402.9 1,246 1,347 1,360 1,375 1,388 1,401 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,103.7 1,146.5 1,150.7 1,155.1 1,107 1,137 1,139 1,145 1,149 1,158 Miscellaneous repair services....... 378.5 390.3 390.9 393.0 380 387 388 388 389 392 Motion pictures..................... 523.8 541.7 542.5 550.2 528 539 550 549 551 552 Amusement and recreation services... 1,326.0 1,646.7 1,516.3 1,413.8 1,481 1,576 1,563 1,568 1,561 1,581 Health services..................... 9,561.5 9,719.6 9,751.8 9,776.7 9,552 9,697 9,712 9,731 9,748 9,769 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,700.0 1,752.8 1,763.0 1,768.5 1,700 1,745 1,745 1,754 1,762 1,771 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,749.7 1,764.3 1,765.9 1,770.8 1,745 1,762 1,765 1,764 1,766 1,767 Hospitals......................... 3,833.7 3,885.8 3,896.1 3,909.4 3,834 3,877 3,884 3,892 3,898 3,908 Home health care services......... 677.9 685.5 689.4 688.3 674 685 685 684 683 685 Legal services...................... 937.5 954.9 959.3 969.7 939 957 957 962 963 971 Educational services................ 2,202.6 2,058.8 2,255.8 2,294.2 2,041 2,089 2,094 2,105 2,115 2,125 Social services..................... 2,438.1 2,489.1 2,517.5 2,527.3 2,425 2,494 2,497 2,502 2,509 2,516 Child day care services........... 593.1 598.9 612.7 616.2 576 594 600 597 596 598 Residential care.................. 679.9 704.0 707.4 709.5 681 702 703 707 710 711 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 83.8 89.5 89.8 86.7 86 88 88 88 88 89 Membership organizations............ 2,178.8 2,182.4 2,193.3 2,189.9 2,190 2,209 2,206 2,202 2,205 2,202 Engineering and management services. 2,886.8 3,028.2 3,054.5 3,066.6 2,894 3,010 3,027 3,038 3,061 3,076 Engineering and architectural services....................... 853.6 889.1 893.5 897.6 852 878 881 886 891 896 Management and public relations... 904.0 970.1 980.0 979.2 904 959 968 969 977 979 Services, nec....................... 46.8 48.7 49.1 49.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 19,968 19,481 20,025 20,161 19,494 19,719 19,804 19,714 19,744 19,739 Federal............................. 2,719 2,679 2,669 2,671 2,732 2,689 2,690 2,680 2,689 2,686 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,858.8 1,830.1 1,820.5 1,807.6 1,874 1,839 1,830 1,824 1,834 1,822 State............................... 4,760 4,610 4,771 4,794 4,620 4,671 4,664 4,662 4,655 4,662 Education......................... 2,086.3 1,906.1 2,081.5 2,109.3 1,925 1,972 1,961 1,962 1,954 1,952 Other State government............ 2,673.7 2,704.0 2,689.3 2,684.9 2,695 2,699 2,703 2,700 2,701 2,710 Local............................... 12,489 12,192 12,585 12,696 12,142 12,359 12,450 12,372 12,400 12,391 Education......................... 7,165.8 6,789.4 7,222.7 7,330.2 6,807 6,954 7,030 6,957 6,965 6,965 Other local government............ 5,323.5 5,402.1 5,362.3 5,365.3 5,335 5,405 5,420 5,415 5,435 5,426 1 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997p 1997p 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997p 1997p Total private.................... 34.5 34.7 34.6 34.7 34.5 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.8 Goods-producing......................... 41.4 41.9 41.6 41.4 41.1 41.2 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.2 Mining................................ 45.5 45.6 45.3 45.4 45.3 45.4 45.5 45.1 45.1 45.3 Construction.......................... 38.8 40.0 39.7 37.8 38.8 39.0 38.6 38.9 38.8 38.1 Manufacturing......................... 42.1 42.4 42.2 42.6 41.7 41.8 41.8 41.9 42.0 42.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 Durable goods........................ 42.9 43.1 42.9 43.3 42.5 42.6 42.7 42.6 42.7 42.8 Overtime hours.................... 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lumber and wood products............ 41.0 41.5 41.4 41.5 40.9 41.1 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.3 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.5 41.1 40.7 41.3 39.8 40.0 40.0 40.2 40.0 40.6 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.5 44.2 43.9 43.1 43.2 43.1 43.0 43.1 43.1 42.9 Primary metal industries............ 44.5 45.3 45.1 45.5 44.3 44.4 45.0 44.9 45.1 45.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.1 45.2 45.0 45.2 44.6 44.3 45.2 45.1 45.3 45.0 Fabricated metal products........... 43.0 43.0 42.8 43.3 42.3 42.4 42.3 42.4 42.5 42.6 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 43.3 43.7 43.3 44.0 43.1 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.8 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 42.1 42.1 42.0 42.5 41.5 42.0 41.7 41.7 41.9 41.9 Transportation equipment............ 44.5 44.4 44.5 44.4 44.3 43.7 44.3 43.9 44.3 43.9 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.2 44.7 44.9 44.6 44.9 44.0 44.7 44.1 44.8 44.1 Instruments and related products.... 42.2 42.1 41.9 42.7 41.9 41.7 42.3 42.0 41.9 42.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.6 40.8 40.8 41.3 39.9 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.2 40.6 Nondurable goods..................... 41.2 41.4 41.2 41.5 40.7 40.6 40.7 40.9 40.9 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Food and kindred products........... 41.8 42.3 41.9 42.2 41.1 41.1 41.0 41.2 41.3 41.6 Tobacco products.................... 41.2 39.4 39.5 39.5 40.6 36.1 37.5 38.1 38.5 39.3 Textile mill products............... 41.7 42.0 41.4 42.0 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.4 41.3 41.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.7 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.3 36.9 37.1 37.3 37.2 37.1 Paper and allied products........... 44.1 44.1 43.8 44.3 43.6 43.5 43.4 43.7 43.7 44.0 Printing and publishing............. 38.7 39.2 38.9 39.3 38.2 38.4 38.3 38.7 38.7 38.9 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.7 43.5 43.3 43.9 43.3 43.0 43.3 43.4 43.2 43.6 Petroleum and coal products......... 44.0 43.3 43.3 43.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.6 42.0 42.0 42.4 41.3 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.9 42.1 Leather and leather products........ 39.3 39.0 38.6 39.3 38.9 38.4 38.0 38.4 38.6 38.8 Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.8 32.8 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.9 32.8 32.8 33.1 Transportation and public utilities... 39.8 40.2 39.8 40.1 39.8 39.0 40.1 39.9 39.8 40.0 Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.8 Retail trade.......................... 28.6 29.0 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.8 29.1 28.8 28.9 28.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997p 1997p 1996 1997 1997p 1997p Total private.................... $12.00 $12.39 $12.43 $12.51 $414.00 $429.93 $430.08 $434.10 Seasonally adjusted............. 11.98 12.35 12.40 12.47 413.31 426.08 427.80 433.96 Goods-producing......................... 13.63 14.07 14.11 14.10 564.28 589.53 586.98 583.74 Mining................................ 15.67 16.23 16.19 16.44 712.99 740.09 733.41 746.38 Construction.......................... 15.62 16.27 16.30 16.21 606.06 650.80 647.11 612.74 Manufacturing......................... 12.93 13.24 13.29 13.37 544.35 561.38 560.84 569.56 Durable goods........................ 13.49 13.81 13.90 13.95 578.72 595.21 596.31 604.04 Lumber and wood products............ 10.57 10.86 10.86 10.90 433.37 450.69 449.60 452.35 Furniture and fixtures.............. 10.28 10.70 10.67 10.67 416.34 439.77 434.27 440.67 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 12.96 13.27 13.31 13.38 563.76 586.53 584.31 576.68 Primary metal industries............ 15.18 15.27 15.33 15.27 675.51 691.73 691.38 694.79 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.05 18.26 18.22 17.92 814.06 825.35 819.90 809.98 Fabricated metal products........... 12.62 12.85 12.89 12.94 542.66 552.55 551.69 560.30 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 13.80 14.18 14.21 14.30 597.54 619.67 615.29 629.20 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 12.36 12.85 12.95 13.01 520.36 540.99 543.90 552.93 Transportation equipment............ 17.35 17.60 17.94 17.94 772.08 781.44 798.33 796.54 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.85 18.05 18.52 18.51 806.82 806.84 831.55 825.55 Instruments and related products.... 13.34 13.66 13.64 13.74 562.95 575.09 571.52 586.70 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.52 10.65 10.67 10.78 427.11 434.52 435.34 445.21 Nondurable goods..................... 12.12 12.40 12.40 12.50 499.34 513.36 510.88 518.75 Food and kindred products........... 11.38 11.51 11.46 11.62 475.68 486.87 480.17 490.36 Tobacco products.................... 18.60 18.19 17.93 17.81 766.32 716.69 708.24 703.50 Textile mill products............... 9.77 10.09 10.09 10.14 407.41 423.78 417.73 425.88 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.01 8.33 8.34 8.35 301.98 313.21 313.58 313.96 Paper and allied products........... 14.86 15.19 15.19 15.24 655.33 669.88 665.32 675.13 Printing and publishing............. 12.83 13.22 13.19 13.22 496.52 518.22 513.09 519.55 Chemicals and allied products....... 16.38 16.63 16.65 16.89 715.81 723.41 720.95 741.47 Petroleum and coal products......... 19.61 20.25 20.28 20.54 862.84 876.83 878.12 901.71 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.33 11.65 11.64 11.66 471.33 489.30 488.88 494.38 Leather and leather products........ 8.73 9.07 9.13 9.24 343.09 353.73 352.42 363.13 Service-producing....................... 11.45 11.82 11.86 11.99 373.27 387.70 389.01 395.67 Transportation and public utilities... $14.57 $15.01 $15.04 $15.16 $579.89 $603.40 $598.59 $607.92 Wholesale trade....................... 13.06 13.52 13.55 13.74 500.20 519.17 520.32 533.11 Retail trade.......................... 8.13 8.45 8.47 8.50 232.52 245.05 243.94 244.80 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 12.97 13.45 13.53 13.68 464.33 481.51 485.73 502.06 Services.............................. 12.04 12.36 12.42 12.58 390.10 401.70 404.89 412.62 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change Industry 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997p 1997p from: Oct. 1997- Nov. 1997 Total private: Current dollars.............. $11.98 $12.24 $12.31 $12.35 $12.40 $12.47 0.6 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.44 7.53 7.56 7.56 7.58 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 13.62 13.86 13.94 13.97 14.07 14.10 .2 Mining...................... 15.77 16.10 16.07 16.20 16.27 16.49 1.4 Construction................ 15.58 15.96 16.03 16.08 16.12 16.18 .4 Manufacturing............... 12.93 13.11 13.20 13.22 13.35 13.37 .1 Excluding overtime4....... 12.26 12.41 12.50 12.61 12.60 12.62 .2 Service-producing............. 11.43 11.70 11.77 11.81 11.85 11.94 .8 Transportation and public utilities................ 14.53 14.95 15.01 14.95 15.01 15.07 .4 Wholesale trade............. 13.08 13.38 13.54 13.54 13.56 13.73 1.3 Retail trade................ 8.13 8.32 8.36 8.42 8.46 8.49 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 12.98 13.30 13.49 13.47 13.54 13.63 .7 Services.................... 11.99 12.26 12.33 12.36 12.41 12.50 .7 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .3 percent from September 1997 to October 1997, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1996 1997 1997p 1997p 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997p 1997p Total private.................... 138.8 142.8 142.9 143.6 137.9 140.2 140.8 140.9 141.2 142.8 Goods-producing......................... 113.6 117.6 116.9 115.6 111.7 112.9 113.0 113.3 113.6 113.8 Mining................................ 56.0 57.5 57.0 56.4 55.2 56.3 56.3 56.1 56.1 55.8 Construction.......................... 154.7 168.9 167.2 155.1 150.0 154.1 152.9 154.2 153.5 151.9 Manufacturing......................... 108.6 110.5 109.9 111.0 107.2 107.8 108.1 108.3 108.8 109.4 Durable goods........................ 110.8 113.4 113.3 114.7 109.6 111.1 112.0 111.8 112.5 113.1 Lumber and wood products............ 141.3 147.0 146.1 145.7 140.1 142.3 141.5 142.1 142.6 144.1 Furniture and fixtures.............. 127.2 130.7 130.5 132.8 124.5 127.3 126.7 127.6 127.3 129.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 112.0 115.5 114.5 111.2 110.2 110.0 109.7 110.0 110.5 109.7 Primary metal industries............ 93.5 95.7 95.5 96.9 92.7 93.2 95.2 95.0 95.7 96.2 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 73.9 73.8 73.1 73.6 72.9 72.0 73.4 74.1 73.6 73.1 Fabricated metal products........... 117.4 119.5 119.4 120.9 115.1 116.5 117.2 117.4 118.1 118.3 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 105.0 109.2 108.8 111.0 104.9 108.5 108.9 108.9 109.6 111.0 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 109.5 110.0 110.2 112.6 107.4 109.1 108.9 109.0 109.6 110.4 Transportation equipment............ 124.9 129.0 129.6 131.6 124.7 125.7 129.7 127.6 129.6 130.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 165.1 167.0 167.9 169.8 164.3 163.1 169.1 164.7 167.8 168.2 Instruments and related products.... 76.1 75.8 75.5 76.8 75.6 75.1 75.8 75.6 75.4 76.0 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 105.6 104.5 105.2 104.9 101.8 103.4 102.5 102.0 101.8 100.9 Nondurable goods..................... 105.6 106.4 105.4 105.9 103.9 103.1 102.8 103.5 103.6 104.4 Food and kindred products........... 118.6 125.4 121.7 120.7 116.0 115.6 114.8 116.2 116.8 118.3 Tobacco products.................... 70.2 66.0 68.1 68.4 66.4 57.2 57.6 58.5 61.0 64.2 Textile mill products............... 90.6 89.7 88.1 89.4 89.4 88.5 87.6 88.2 88.0 88.3 Apparel and other textile products.. 76.9 72.9 73.0 72.3 75.5 72.0 71.7 71.6 71.3 70.9 Paper and allied products........... 111.1 111.0 109.9 111.3 109.9 109.0 108.5 109.5 109.5 110.3 Printing and publishing............. 125.9 126.6 126.4 128.2 123.4 125.4 124.5 125.6 125.9 126.4 Chemicals and allied products....... 101.6 101.3 101.1 102.5 100.7 99.3 100.1 100.9 100.8 101.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 77.1 76.2 75.8 76.1 76.6 73.5 74.9 74.2 73.1 74.8 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 144.6 146.5 146.8 148.5 142.9 144.3 144.9 144.7 145.8 146.6 Leather and leather products........ 43.2 40.7 40.4 40.9 42.4 40.7 39.7 39.5 39.7 39.9 Service-producing....................... 150.1 154.2 154.6 156.2 149.7 152.5 153.2 153.3 153.6 155.8 Transportation and public utilities... 130.5 134.3 133.4 134.4 129.2 129.3 128.2 132.2 132.3 132.9 Wholesale trade....................... 124.5 127.0 127.6 128.9 124.2 126.0 126.5 126.2 126.6 128.7 Retail trade.......................... 138.0 139.9 139.4 141.7 136.7 138.2 139.7 138.5 139.2 140.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 124.8 127.8 128.4 131.5 126.0 127.4 129.4 128.6 128.1 132.7 Services.............................. 179.0 185.6 187.1 188.1 179.1 184.4 184.9 185.0 185.4 188.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1993.............. 59.7 61.0 49.6 57.6 61.5 56.2 55.5 58.3 62.2 59.6 61.7 59.3 1994.............. 57.6 61.9 67.1 64.5 57.7 63.9 62.5 62.6 61.4 60.3 63.8 62.4 1995.............. 62.4 60.1 54.5 55.6 48.0 53.9 54.1 59.8 57.0 54.9 57.2 57.9 1996.............. 51.7 64.3 60.1 54.9 62.9 60.5 56.5 59.3 54.4 62.6 58.1 61.0 1997.............. 59.3 59.1 59.0 61.1 57.4 50.7 58.8 58.7 56.5 p63.9 p61.4 Over 3-month span: 1993.............. 64.7 60.8 60.5 58.6 62.9 63.6 59.6 62.9 64.7 66.9 64.3 63.6 1994.............. 65.3 69.5 70.4 68.7 67.1 67.0 69.1 69.7 65.7 65.6 67.0 66.2 1995.............. 65.4 62.5 58.7 53.2 54.6 52.4 57.9 59.6 59.7 59.0 57.0 56.3 1996.............. 62.6 63.6 62.6 61.2 62.1 63.1 62.6 58.8 62.8 60.4 64.7 65.0 1997.............. 64.6 62.2 64.2 65.6 59.7 58.7 59.1 65.0 p64.9 p67.3 Over 6-month span: 1993.............. 62.9 64.6 64.3 64.3 62.2 65.6 66.0 64.9 66.3 66.7 69.4 69.2 1994.............. 71.1 69.8 69.8 70.9 70.1 69.8 69.7 69.4 69.4 67.4 67.7 66.2 1995.............. 66.9 61.4 58.1 56.6 58.1 58.1 56.7 59.8 60.3 59.1 61.5 63.3 1996.............. 62.2 63.5 63.5 63.5 62.6 61.2 65.3 63.6 62.6 64.5 64.2 67.4 1997.............. 67.6 66.6 64.5 64.6 64.3 66.7 p66.7 p68.4 Over 12-month span: 1993.............. 64.9 63.9 64.0 65.4 67.0 67.6 67.6 67.0 70.2 69.5 69.2 70.1 1994.............. 70.2 71.6 71.8 71.8 72.1 71.8 71.5 72.1 70.1 69.5 66.6 65.0 1995.............. 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.1 62.2 63.3 1996.............. 63.5 64.7 62.4 62.9 64.7 64.2 65.0 63.1 63.8 66.7 65.7 65.0 1997.............. 67.3 66.2 69.4 p70.2 p68.4 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1993.............. 52.2 56.8 49.6 44.2 53.2 46.4 49.3 51.8 57.9 52.2 54.0 55.8 1994.............. 55.8 59.0 60.4 58.6 52.9 58.6 59.4 56.1 52.9 55.0 58.6 58.3 1995.............. 54.3 56.1 44.2 51.4 42.1 42.8 43.5 52.2 47.1 50.0 47.5 50.7 1996.............. 45.7 54.3 47.8 39.2 52.2 52.2 44.2 52.9 44.2 50.7 49.6 52.2 1997.............. 54.0 50.4 52.9 52.9 51.4 49.3 51.8 49.6 54.3 p58.3 p56.5 Over 3-month span: 1993.............. 61.5 59.0 54.0 46.8 48.6 54.3 51.1 58.3 57.2 59.4 54.7 58.3 1994.............. 61.9 64.7 65.5 59.7 57.6 60.1 62.2 57.9 55.0 55.4 60.1 59.4 1995.............. 59.7 50.4 47.5 40.3 42.4 36.3 38.5 43.9 49.3 46.4 45.3 43.9 1996.............. 47.5 47.8 42.1 38.5 43.2 45.0 48.9 43.2 50.4 46.4 52.5 52.5 1997.............. 53.2 51.4 50.7 52.5 48.6 48.9 48.6 53.6 p55.8 p62.9 Over 6-month span: 1993.............. 55.8 58.6 58.6 55.8 51.8 57.2 59.7 57.2 57.6 58.3 62.6 60.8 1994.............. 62.2 62.2 62.6 63.3 59.4 56.5 56.5 58.6 58.6 55.0 58.3 55.0 1995.............. 55.8 48.6 43.9 38.8 39.2 39.6 38.8 39.6 43.9 45.0 44.2 44.6 1996.............. 41.4 41.7 41.0 38.1 39.6 40.6 47.5 46.8 45.3 50.4 48.2 53.2 1997.............. 53.2 53.2 50.4 49.3 48.6 52.2 p55.4 p56.8 Over 12-month span: 1993.............. 56.8 57.9 55.8 58.6 57.2 57.6 58.6 59.0 61.2 59.7 60.1 57.6 1994.............. 57.9 58.6 60.8 60.8 60.8 63.3 59.4 60.1 57.2 56.5 50.4 49.6 1995.............. 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7 38.5 38.8 36.3 37.4 38.1 39.9 1996.............. 39.6 42.8 39.2 39.6 42.4 40.3 43.5 40.3 43.5 46.8 46.4 47.1 1997.............. 51.4 47.8 52.2 p55.4 p55.4 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.