Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-612 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, November 1, 2002. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER 2002 Both nonfarm payroll employment and the unemployment rate were about un- changed in October, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job losses in the construction, manufacturing, and help supply industries were offset by gains in a number of other industries, among them finance, real estate, and health services. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (8.2 million) and the unemployment rate (5.7 percent) were essentially unchanged in October. The unemployment rate for adult women edged up to 5.2 percent while the rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (5.2 percent), teenagers (14.6 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (9.8 percent), and Hispanics (7.8 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment, as measured by the household survey, edged down in October to 134.9 million, after seasonal adjustment. This followed a large increase in September. The employment-population ratio, which had increased in September, declined to 62.9 percent. (See table A-1.) The civilian labor force, at 143.1 million, seasonally adjusted, was little changed from the prior month. The labor force participation rate declined to 66.7 percent. (See table A-1.) About 7.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in October. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of the total employed. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in October, little changed from a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 355,000 in October, also about unchanged from the same month a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Sept.- Category | 2002 | 2002 | Oct. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 142,605| 142,761| 142,616| 143,277| 143,123| -154 Employment..........| 134,149| 134,568| 134,474| 135,185| 134,914| -271 Unemployment........| 8,456| 8,193| 8,142| 8,092| 8,209| 117 Not in labor force....| 71,059| 71,465| 71,609| 71,152| 71,519| 367 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.9| 5.7| 5.7| 5.6| 5.7| 0.1 Adult men...........| 5.3| 5.2| 5.2| 5.2| 5.2| .0 Adult women.........| 5.2| 5.0| 4.9| 4.9| 5.2| .3 Teenagers...........| 17.1| 16.9| 17.2| 15.7| 14.6| -1.1 White...............| 5.2| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| .0 Black...............| 10.7| 9.7| 9.6| 9.6| 9.8| .2 Hispanic origin.....| 7.4| 7.5| 7.5| 7.4| 7.8| .4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 130,706|p130,868| 130,913|p130,900|p130,895| p-5 Goods-producing 1/..| 23,879| p23,794| 23,801| p23,770| p23,695| p-75 Construction......| 6,544| p6,547| 6,556| p6,567| p6,540| p-27 Manufacturing.....| 16,776| p16,694| 16,690| p16,651| p16,602| p-49 Service-producing 1/| 106,827|p107,073| 107,112|p107,130|p107,200| p70 Retail trade......| 23,327| p23,306| 23,295| p23,284| p23,298| p14 Services..........| 41,090| p41,316| 41,347| p41,386| p41,404| p18 Government........| 21,201| p21,270| 21,289| p21,293| p21,317| p24 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.2| p34.1| 34.1| p34.2| p34.1| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.0| p40.8| 40.9| p40.9| p40.7| p-.2 Overtime..........| 4.2| p4.1| 4.2| p4.1| p4.1| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 148.3| p148.0| 148.1| p148.4| p147.8| p-0.6 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.71| p$14.82| $14.83| p$14.86| p$14.89| p$0.03 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 503.58| p505.48| 505.70| p508.21| p507.75| p-.46 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment was virtually unchanged (-5,000) in October at 130.9 million, although there were offsetting movements among various industries. Employment also had held steady in September (-13,000 as revised). In the 4 months prior to September, payroll employment had increased by nearly a quarter of a million; this followed a loss of 1.8 million from March 2001 to April 2002. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing employment declined by 49,000 over the month. The pace of factory job losses increased in the last 3 months, averaging 47,000 a month since July, compared with 20,000 a month from April to July. Employment in wholesale trade, an industry affected by manufacturing activity, showed a similar, though less pronounced, pattern. In manufacturing, October job losses were concentrated primarily within durable goods, including electronic and electrical equipment, primary metals, fabricated metals, and aircraft and parts manufacturing. Em- ployment in the electronics industry has fallen by 44,000 in the past 3 months, following smaller losses in late spring and early summer. In nondurable goods manufacturing, the apparel industry lost 7,000 jobs in October, following a similar decline in September. Employment in the construction industry decreased by 27,000 in October, following an increase of 11,000 in September (as revised). Since April, there has been no net growth in construction employment. Special trades lost 30,000 jobs in October, with electrical work accounting for a large part of the monthly decline. Overall employment in the services industry was little changed (+18,000) over the month. Employment in business services fell sharply (-44,000), particularly in the help supply component (-56,000), which provides workers to other businesses on an as-needed basis. In contrast, health services continued to add jobs, with a gain of 20,000 in October, and there was an increase of 7,000 jobs in legal services. Over the month, employment also advanced in hotels and lodging places (16,000), offsetting an identical loss over the prior 2 months combined. Finance, insurance, and real estate added 34,000 jobs in October. After little change in the first half of the year, the industry has added 70,000 jobs since June. Spurred by the lowest interest rates in decades, employment growth continued in mortgage banks and brokerages; the industry added 17,000 jobs in October. Employment also rose in real estate. Since June, that in- dustry has added 33,000 jobs. The federal government added workers for the fifth month in a row, as hiring continued for the Transportation Security Administration. Employment in transportation was essentially unchanged over the month. Workers involved in the labor dispute at West Coast ports were back at work during the survey reference period. Thus, that dispute had no direct impact on October's employment estimates. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in October to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 4.1 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was down by 0.4 percent in October to 147.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was down by 0.9 percent over the month to 91.3. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in October to $14.89, seasonally ad- justed. Average weekly earnings edged down by 0.1 percent over the month to $507.75. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.0 percent and average weekly earnings were up by 3.3 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for November 2002 is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). ----------------------------------------------------------------- | New Seasonal Factors for Establishment Survey Data | | | | The 6-month updates to seasonal adjustment factors for the | | establishment survey data will be introduced with next month's | | release of November data. These factors will be used for the | | September 2002 through April 2003 estimates and will be pu- | | blished in the December 2002 issue of Employment and Earnings. | | These factors will be available on Monday, December 2, on the | | Internet (http://www.bls.gov/ces/) or by calling (202) 691-6555.| ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Update on Current Population Survey Sample | | | | The Current Population Survey sample will not be cut in November| | as previously announced. The Census Bureau had planned to decrease| | the sample as a cost-saving measure but now has determined that the| | sample reduction will not be necessary. | -------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Upcoming Changes to Household and National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series Household Data Series Effective with the release of January 2003 data, several changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) will affect estimates contained in the Employment Situation news release: --Population controls that reflect the results of Census 2000 will be used in the monthly CPS estimation process. In addition, CPS data series from January 2000 through December 2002 will be revised to reflect the introduction of the Census 2000-based population controls. --The questions on race and Hispanic origin in the CPS will be modified to comply with the new standards for federal statistical agencies. A major change under those standards is that respondents may select more than one race when answering the survey. Respondents will continue to be asked a separate question to determine if they are Hispanic. The Employment Situation news release will present data for persons who report they are white and no other race, black or African American and no other race, and Asian and no other race. Data will continue to be presented for Hispanics separately. --The CPS will adopt the Census industry and occupation classification systems derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System and the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system. These new classification systems represent complete breaks in the time series for occupation and industry data. As a result, seasonally adjusted oc- cupation and industry estimates from the household survey will not be presented until sufficient time series become available for seasonal ad- justment. - 5 - --The CPS program will begin using the X-12 ARIMA software for seasonal adjustment of time series data. Because of the other revisions being introduced with the January data, the annual revision of 5 years of seasonally adjusted data that typically occurs with the release of data for December will be delayed until the release of data for January. Questions about upcoming changes to the CPS data series can be directed to the Division of Labor Force Statistics at 202-691-6378. National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003 estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours). Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private sector industries have already been converted. The final stage of sample redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series. New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS- based probability sample. Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjust- ment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES national estimates. Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include these workers. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these changes. Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555. - 6 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 7 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 8 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 9 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 212,581 214,429 214,643 212,581 213,842 214,023 214,225 214,429 214,643 Civilian labor force............................ 142,004 142,745 142,878 142,280 142,476 142,390 142,616 143,277 143,123 Participation rate........................ 66.8 66.6 66.6 66.9 66.6 66.5 66.6 66.8 66.7 Employed...................................... 134,898 135,063 135,237 134,615 134,053 134,045 134,474 135,185 134,914 Employment-population ratio............... 63.5 63.0 63.0 63.3 62.7 62.6 62.8 63.0 62.9 Agriculture................................. 3,265 3,501 3,611 3,203 3,110 3,282 3,188 3,298 3,525 Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,633 131,562 131,627 131,412 130,942 130,763 131,286 131,887 131,389 Unemployed.................................... 7,106 7,683 7,640 7,665 8,424 8,345 8,142 8,092 8,209 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 70,577 71,684 71,765 70,301 71,366 71,633 71,609 71,152 71,519 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,338 4,449 4,133 4,673 4,689 4,895 4,503 4,674 4,444 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 102,229 103,148 103,259 102,229 102,856 102,945 103,046 103,148 103,259 Civilian labor force............................ 75,811 76,201 76,111 76,027 76,189 76,041 76,088 76,480 76,262 Participation rate........................ 74.2 73.9 73.7 74.4 74.1 73.9 73.8 74.1 73.9 Employed...................................... 72,017 72,154 72,065 71,871 71,524 71,509 71,552 72,004 71,854 Employment-population ratio............... 70.4 70.0 69.8 70.3 69.5 69.5 69.4 69.8 69.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,794 4,047 4,045 4,156 4,665 4,532 4,536 4,476 4,408 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.5 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 94,015 94,906 95,020 94,015 94,622 94,694 94,756 94,906 95,020 Civilian labor force............................ 71,901 72,416 72,368 71,940 72,288 72,172 72,203 72,473 72,342 Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.3 76.2 76.5 76.4 76.2 76.2 76.4 76.1 Employed...................................... 68,748 69,026 68,875 68,486 68,390 68,405 68,447 68,711 68,545 Employment-population ratio............... 73.1 72.7 72.5 72.8 72.3 72.2 72.2 72.4 72.1 Agriculture................................. 2,184 2,408 2,497 2,132 2,138 2,256 2,221 2,226 2,432 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,564 66,618 66,378 66,354 66,251 66,149 66,226 66,485 66,114 Unemployed.................................... 3,152 3,390 3,493 3,454 3,899 3,767 3,757 3,762 3,796 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 110,353 111,281 111,383 110,353 110,985 111,078 111,179 111,281 111,383 Civilian labor force............................ 66,194 66,545 66,767 66,253 66,287 66,349 66,527 66,797 66,862 Participation rate........................ 60.0 59.8 59.9 60.0 59.7 59.7 59.8 60.0 60.0 Employed...................................... 62,881 62,909 63,172 62,744 62,528 62,536 62,922 63,181 63,061 Employment-population ratio............... 57.0 56.5 56.7 56.9 56.3 56.3 56.6 56.8 56.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,312 3,636 3,595 3,509 3,759 3,813 3,605 3,616 3,801 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 102,371 103,335 103,416 102,371 103,038 103,127 103,256 103,335 103,416 Civilian labor force............................ 62,358 62,919 63,095 62,269 62,481 62,590 62,783 62,929 63,045 Participation rate........................ 60.9 60.9 61.0 60.8 60.6 60.7 60.8 60.9 61.0 Employed...................................... 59,587 59,791 60,014 59,302 59,316 59,364 59,710 59,835 59,764 Employment-population ratio............... 58.2 57.9 58.0 57.9 57.6 57.6 57.8 57.9 57.8 Agriculture................................. 853 859 880 842 749 814 772 845 865 Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,734 58,932 59,134 58,460 58,567 58,550 58,938 58,991 58,899 Unemployed.................................... 2,771 3,128 3,081 2,967 3,165 3,226 3,073 3,094 3,281 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,195 16,189 16,206 16,195 16,182 16,202 16,212 16,189 16,206 Civilian labor force............................ 7,745 7,411 7,414 8,071 7,707 7,629 7,630 7,874 7,737 Participation rate........................ 47.8 45.8 45.8 49.8 47.6 47.1 47.1 48.6 47.7 Employed...................................... 6,563 6,246 6,348 6,827 6,347 6,276 6,318 6,639 6,605 Employment-population ratio............... 40.5 38.6 39.2 42.2 39.2 38.7 39.0 41.0 40.8 Agriculture................................. 227 234 234 229 223 213 196 227 229 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,335 6,012 6,114 6,598 6,124 6,064 6,122 6,411 6,376 Unemployed.................................... 1,182 1,165 1,066 1,244 1,360 1,352 1,312 1,236 1,131 Unemployment rate......................... 15.3 15.7 14.4 15.4 17.6 17.7 17.2 15.7 14.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 176,372 177,628 177,777 176,372 177,217 177,345 177,486 177,628 177,777 Civilian labor force............................ 118,251 118,576 118,706 118,506 118,530 118,678 118,919 119,021 118,969 Participation rate.......................... 67.0 66.8 66.8 67.2 66.9 66.9 67.0 67.0 66.9 Employed...................................... 113,104 112,906 113,120 112,878 112,382 112,446 112,844 113,010 112,882 Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 63.6 63.6 64.0 63.4 63.4 63.6 63.6 63.5 Unemployed.................................... 5,147 5,670 5,586 5,628 6,148 6,233 6,075 6,011 6,087 Unemployment rate........................... 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.7 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,875 61,129 61,042 60,957 61,007 61,068 61,240 61,212 61,101 Participation rate.......................... 76.9 76.6 76.5 77.0 76.7 76.7 76.9 76.7 76.5 Employed...................................... 58,495 58,564 58,452 58,287 58,112 58,164 58,332 58,331 58,219 Employment-population ratio................. 73.9 73.4 73.2 73.7 73.1 73.1 73.2 73.1 72.9 Unemployed.................................... 2,380 2,564 2,591 2,670 2,895 2,904 2,908 2,881 2,882 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,839 51,223 51,413 50,762 51,060 51,125 51,297 51,212 51,370 Participation rate.......................... 60.2 60.2 60.4 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.4 60.2 60.4 Employed...................................... 48,911 48,994 49,249 48,695 48,812 48,856 49,076 48,994 49,053 Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 57.6 57.9 57.7 57.5 57.6 57.8 57.6 57.6 Unemployed.................................... 1,928 2,229 2,165 2,067 2,248 2,268 2,221 2,218 2,318 Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,537 6,225 6,251 6,787 6,464 6,485 6,382 6,597 6,499 Participation rate.......................... 50.9 48.4 48.6 52.9 50.3 50.5 49.7 51.3 50.6 Employed...................................... 5,698 5,348 5,419 5,896 5,458 5,425 5,437 5,685 5,610 Employment-population ratio................. 44.4 41.6 42.2 45.9 42.5 42.2 42.3 44.2 43.7 Unemployed.................................... 839 876 831 891 1,006 1,060 945 911 888 Unemployment rate........................... 12.8 14.1 13.3 13.1 15.6 16.4 14.8 13.8 13.7 Men....................................... 13.9 15.0 13.4 14.7 17.7 19.1 17.5 15.3 14.4 Women..................................... 11.8 13.1 13.2 11.5 13.4 13.6 12.1 12.3 13.0 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,686 26,039 26,081 25,686 25,930 25,961 26,000 26,039 26,081 Civilian labor force............................ 16,733 16,922 16,925 16,748 16,822 16,618 16,753 17,053 16,940 Participation rate.......................... 65.1 65.0 64.9 65.2 64.9 64.0 64.4 65.5 65.0 Employed...................................... 15,202 15,347 15,340 15,144 15,027 14,976 15,142 15,420 15,275 Employment-population ratio................. 59.2 58.9 58.8 59.0 58.0 57.7 58.2 59.2 58.6 Unemployed.................................... 1,531 1,575 1,585 1,604 1,794 1,642 1,611 1,633 1,665 Unemployment rate........................... 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.6 10.7 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,393 7,572 7,600 7,354 7,543 7,472 7,492 7,652 7,566 Participation rate.......................... 71.7 72.4 72.5 71.4 72.4 71.6 71.7 73.1 72.2 Employed...................................... 6,817 6,923 6,897 6,751 6,760 6,800 6,834 6,944 6,829 Employment-population ratio................. 66.2 66.2 65.8 65.5 64.9 65.2 65.4 66.4 65.1 Unemployed.................................... 576 649 703 603 783 673 658 708 738 Unemployment rate........................... 7.8 8.6 9.3 8.2 10.4 9.0 8.8 9.3 9.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,441 8,477 8,454 8,450 8,363 8,348 8,414 8,465 8,460 Participation rate.......................... 65.5 64.8 64.6 65.6 64.3 64.1 64.5 64.8 64.6 Employed...................................... 7,752 7,792 7,767 7,734 7,628 7,602 7,719 7,799 7,744 Employment-population ratio................. 60.1 59.6 59.3 60.0 58.6 58.3 59.1 59.7 59.1 Unemployed.................................... 689 685 688 716 735 746 695 665 716 Unemployment rate........................... 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.8 8.9 8.3 7.9 8.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 898 873 871 944 916 798 847 936 914 Participation rate.......................... 36.1 34.9 34.8 37.9 36.6 31.9 33.9 37.4 36.5 Employed...................................... 632 633 676 659 639 575 589 677 702 Employment-population ratio................. 25.4 25.3 27.0 26.5 25.6 23.0 23.5 27.0 28.1 Unemployed.................................... 266 240 194 285 276 223 258 259 211 Unemployment rate........................... 29.7 27.5 22.3 30.2 30.2 28.0 30.5 27.7 23.1 Men....................................... 30.0 33.7 22.6 31.2 30.0 20.5 30.5 34.7 24.8 Women..................................... 29.4 21.4 22.1 29.1 30.4 34.8 30.4 20.8 21.3 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 23,351 24,065 24,129 23,351 23,867 23,935 23,999 24,065 24,129 Civilian labor force............................ 16,007 16,290 16,274 15,956 16,146 16,304 16,240 16,294 16,216 Participation rate.......................... 68.5 67.7 67.4 68.3 67.6 68.1 67.7 67.7 67.2 Employed...................................... 14,903 15,141 15,042 14,824 14,959 15,066 15,014 15,095 14,952 Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 62.9 62.3 63.5 62.7 62.9 62.6 62.7 62.0 Unemployed.................................... 1,104 1,149 1,232 1,132 1,187 1,238 1,225 1,198 1,264 Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 7.1 7.6 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,325 26,847 26,865 27,325 28,105 27,112 26,900 26,847 26,865 Civilian labor force.................... 12,037 11,946 11,781 12,076 12,254 11,770 11,752 11,808 11,813 Percent of population............... 44.1 44.5 43.9 44.2 43.6 43.4 43.7 44.0 44.0 Employed.............................. 11,183 11,090 10,832 11,139 11,288 10,743 10,762 10,883 10,778 Employment-population ratio......... 40.9 41.3 40.3 40.8 40.2 39.6 40.0 40.5 40.1 Unemployed............................ 854 856 948 937 966 1,028 991 925 1,034 Unemployment rate................... 7.1 7.2 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.7 8.4 7.8 8.8 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,221 58,097 57,949 57,221 57,070 57,012 57,778 58,097 57,949 Civilian labor force.................... 36,782 37,333 37,255 36,912 36,737 37,149 37,203 37,533 37,380 Percent of population............... 64.3 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.4 65.2 64.4 64.6 64.5 Employed.............................. 35,208 35,632 35,606 35,199 34,676 35,250 35,323 35,668 35,571 Employment-population ratio......... 61.5 61.3 61.4 61.5 60.8 61.8 61.1 61.4 61.4 Unemployed............................ 1,575 1,701 1,649 1,713 2,061 1,898 1,880 1,865 1,810 Unemployment rate................... 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.6 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,471 45,386 45,898 45,471 44,897 45,695 45,494 45,386 45,898 Civilian labor force.................... 33,583 33,407 33,774 33,373 32,962 33,162 33,184 33,599 33,510 Percent of population............... 73.9 73.6 73.6 73.4 73.4 72.6 72.9 74.0 73.0 Employed.............................. 32,295 31,917 32,309 32,057 31,413 31,693 31,742 32,013 32,021 Employment-population ratio......... 71.0 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.0 69.4 69.8 70.5 69.8 Unemployed............................ 1,288 1,491 1,465 1,316 1,550 1,469 1,443 1,586 1,489 Unemployment rate................... 3.8 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 47,371 48,557 48,334 47,371 48,435 48,755 48,583 48,557 48,334 Civilian labor force.................... 37,354 38,061 38,026 37,157 38,084 37,850 37,996 37,997 37,896 Percent of population............... 78.9 78.4 78.7 78.4 78.6 77.6 78.2 78.3 78.4 Employed.............................. 36,404 36,933 36,914 36,153 36,971 36,750 36,974 36,896 36,731 Employment-population ratio......... 76.8 76.1 76.4 76.3 76.3 75.4 76.1 76.0 76.0 Unemployed............................ 950 1,128 1,111 1,004 1,113 1,100 1,021 1,101 1,165 Unemployment rate................... 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,898 135,063 135,237 134,615 134,053 134,045 134,474 135,185 134,914 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,319 43,528 43,680 42,983 43,140 43,273 43,371 43,225 43,376 Married women, spouse present................... 33,492 33,963 34,010 33,227 33,362 33,361 33,723 33,997 33,773 Women who maintain families..................... 8,264 8,474 8,394 8,256 8,465 8,521 8,419 8,357 8,377 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 42,148 42,444 42,546 41,940 41,675 41,978 42,152 42,385 42,351 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,489 38,391 38,127 38,626 38,740 38,458 38,892 38,623 38,241 Service occupations............................. 18,071 18,657 19,025 18,406 18,889 18,752 18,771 18,884 19,393 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,914 14,532 14,418 14,802 14,375 14,073 14,242 14,503 14,275 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,951 17,436 17,437 17,596 17,152 17,327 17,142 17,345 17,093 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,326 3,603 3,684 3,264 3,285 3,501 3,340 3,361 3,630 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,945 2,183 2,248 1,898 1,909 2,031 1,927 2,054 2,186 Self-employed workers......................... 1,292 1,292 1,328 1,290 1,158 1,227 1,231 1,221 1,322 Unpaid family workers......................... 27 26 35 26 29 27 24 25 34 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 122,943 122,927 122,840 122,710 122,627 122,196 122,885 123,327 122,653 Government.................................. 19,235 19,403 19,442 19,223 19,630 19,709 19,596 19,442 19,423 Private industries.......................... 103,708 103,524 103,397 103,487 102,997 102,486 103,289 103,885 103,230 Private households........................ 848 902 885 867 810 855 887 934 902 Other industries.......................... 102,860 102,622 102,513 102,620 102,187 101,631 102,402 102,951 102,328 Self-employed workers......................... 8,598 8,549 8,694 8,505 8,208 8,268 8,368 8,439 8,582 Unpaid family workers......................... 93 86 93 95 95 99 87 91 94 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,954 3,854 3,891 4,329 3,899 4,177 4,325 4,217 4,262 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,706 2,483 2,652 2,983 2,588 2,723 2,880 2,687 2,908 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,032 1,139 1,069 1,108 1,031 1,096 1,159 1,202 1,130 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,451 19,041 19,297 18,644 19,170 19,138 19,120 18,833 18,484 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,825 3,726 3,770 4,222 3,758 3,949 4,060 4,068 4,148 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,623 2,398 2,571 2,898 2,472 2,609 2,715 2,596 2,834 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,017 1,113 1,045 1,082 1,022 1,074 1,131 1,174 1,097 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,878 18,483 18,707 18,065 18,739 18,572 18,609 18,300 17,884 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 7,665 8,092 8,209 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 Men, 20 years and over......................... 3,454 3,762 3,796 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,967 3,094 3,281 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,244 1,236 1,131 15.4 17.6 17.7 17.2 15.7 14.6 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,382 1,602 1,546 3.1 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 Married women, spouse present.................. 1,229 1,258 1,328 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 Women who maintain families.................... 607 646 733 6.8 8.2 8.4 7.3 7.2 8.0 Full-time workers.............................. 6,291 6,775 6,915 5.4 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.8 Part-time workers.............................. 1,366 1,326 1,293 5.5 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 1,161 1,373 1,311 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,898 2,141 2,158 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 883 885 965 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.2 5.8 6.3 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,642 1,609 1,591 8.5 9.3 8.6 8.3 8.5 8.5 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 224 299 268 6.4 6.1 8.8 9.3 8.2 6.9 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 6,369 6,598 6,818 5.8 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 Goods-producing industries................... 1,874 2,024 2,032 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 Mining..................................... 32 44 29 5.8 7.9 3.8 6.0 8.0 5.2 Construction............................... 694 769 814 8.3 9.1 10.3 9.5 9.3 9.9 Manufacturing.............................. 1,148 1,211 1,189 6.0 6.8 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.4 Durable goods............................ 764 782 743 6.5 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.5 Nondurable goods......................... 384 429 446 5.3 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.2 Service-producing industries................. 4,495 4,575 4,786 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.8 Transportation and public utilities........ 488 386 410 6.0 5.9 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,688 1,944 2,030 6.1 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 226 266 254 2.8 4.1 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 Services................................... 2,093 1,978 2,092 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.4 5.1 5.4 Government workers............................. 460 546 550 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.8 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 187 198 157 9.0 8.3 9.7 9.8 8.8 6.7 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,896 2,713 2,573 3,084 2,729 2,896 2,880 2,708 2,715 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,267 2,272 2,254 2,522 2,784 2,464 2,431 2,511 2,471 15 weeks and over................................ 1,943 2,697 2,813 2,042 3,103 2,883 2,783 2,900 2,980 15 to 26 weeks................................ 1,081 1,177 1,237 1,136 1,434 1,349 1,309 1,315 1,324 27 weeks and over............................. 862 1,520 1,577 906 1,669 1,533 1,474 1,585 1,656 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.5 17.4 18.1 13.0 17.3 16.4 16.2 17.8 17.5 Median duration, in weeks........................ 7.3 9.4 9.6 7.4 11.7 8.6 8.4 9.5 9.6 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 40.8 35.3 33.7 40.3 31.7 35.1 35.6 33.4 33.2 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 31.9 29.6 29.5 33.0 32.3 29.9 30.0 30.9 30.3 15 weeks and over.............................. 27.3 35.1 36.8 26.7 36.0 35.0 34.4 35.7 36.5 15 to 26 weeks............................... 15.2 15.3 16.2 14.9 16.6 16.4 16.2 16.2 16.2 27 weeks and over............................ 12.1 19.8 20.6 11.8 19.4 18.6 18.2 19.5 20.3 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3,701 4,046 4,064 4,297 4,579 4,580 4,560 4,535 4,737 On temporary layoff............................. 864 704 713 1,288 1,061 1,224 1,151 999 1,054 Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,838 3,341 3,351 3,009 3,518 3,356 3,410 3,536 3,682 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,062 2,557 2,610 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 775 784 741 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 923 847 884 880 836 818 824 781 838 Reentrants........................................ 2,051 2,297 2,265 2,113 2,360 2,375 2,270 2,263 2,344 New entrants...................................... 430 493 427 466 584 571 619 526 469 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 52.1 52.7 53.2 55.4 54.8 54.9 55.1 56.0 56.5 On temporary layoff............................ 12.2 9.2 9.3 16.6 12.7 14.7 13.9 12.3 12.6 Not on temporary layoff........................ 39.9 43.5 43.9 38.8 42.1 40.2 41.2 43.6 43.9 Job leavers...................................... 13.0 11.0 11.6 11.3 10.0 9.8 10.0 9.6 10.0 Reentrants....................................... 28.9 29.9 29.6 27.2 28.2 28.5 27.4 27.9 27.9 New entrants..................................... 6.1 6.4 5.6 6.0 7.0 6.8 7.5 6.5 5.6 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 5.2 5.6 5.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.9 6.4 6.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 8.7 9.0 9.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 7,665 8,092 8,209 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,600 2,673 2,642 11.5 12.2 12.3 12.2 11.8 11.8 16 to 19 years................................ 1,244 1,236 1,131 15.4 17.6 17.7 17.2 15.7 14.6 16 to 17 years.............................. 541 575 461 17.4 20.8 20.9 19.7 19.3 16.1 18 to 19 years.............................. 703 663 669 14.2 15.6 16.1 16.0 13.6 13.8 20 to 24 years................................ 1,356 1,437 1,510 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.7 10.3 25 years and over............................... 5,032 5,421 5,554 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years................................ 4,385 4,630 4,792 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 55 years and over............................. 659 772 791 3.4 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.8 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 4,156 4,476 4,408 5.5 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 16 to 24 years................................ 1,450 1,561 1,414 12.4 12.9 13.0 13.7 13.2 12.2 16 to 19 years.............................. 702 714 612 17.2 19.6 19.8 20.1 17.8 15.6 16 to 17 years............................ 318 316 248 20.3 23.2 23.9 24.5 21.5 17.5 18 to 19 years............................ 378 401 360 15.1 17.4 17.4 17.8 15.9 14.5 20 to 24 years.............................. 748 847 802 9.8 9.5 9.6 10.5 10.8 10.4 25 years and over............................. 2,686 2,923 2,988 4.2 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,311 2,494 2,580 4.3 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 55 years and over........................... 383 435 430 3.7 4.6 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,509 3,616 3,801 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.7 16 to 24 years................................ 1,150 1,112 1,228 10.5 11.4 11.6 10.6 10.3 11.3 16 to 19 years.............................. 542 522 520 13.6 15.6 15.6 14.2 13.5 13.6 16 to 17 years............................ 223 259 213 14.5 18.3 17.9 15.1 17.2 14.7 18 to 19 years............................ 325 262 309 13.3 13.7 14.8 14.1 11.1 13.2 20 to 24 years.............................. 608 590 708 8.7 9.1 9.4 8.7 8.5 10.1 25 years and over............................. 2,346 2,497 2,566 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,074 2,137 2,212 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 55 years and over........................... 276 337 361 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 70,577 71,765 26,418 27,148 44,159 44,617 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,338 4,133 1,867 1,871 2,471 2,262 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,395 1,400 647 700 748 700 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 330 355 172 205 157 150 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,065 1,045 475 494 591 550 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,112 7,236 3,697 3,676 3,415 3,560 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,710 3,843 2,135 2,250 1,575 1,592 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,646 1,726 569 505 1,078 1,222 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 235 259 145 157 90 102 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,483 1,356 829 736 655 620 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total......................... 132,288 130,685 131,196 131,763 131,414 130,736 130,790 130,913 130,900 130,895 Total private.................... 110,915 110,569 110,096 110,135 110,349 109,525 109,562 109,624 109,607 109,578 Goods-producing......................... 24,776 24,223 24,079 23,955 24,511 23,861 23,812 23,801 23,770 23,695 Mining................................ 574 565 560 560 566 555 551 555 552 553 Metal mining........................ 34.6 32.4 32.1 32.2 34 32 33 32 32 32 Coal mining......................... 81.9 78.6 78.6 78.1 82 80 79 79 79 78 Oil and gas extraction.............. 343.9 337.7 333.4 334.9 340 333 329 333 330 332 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 113.9 115.8 115.6 114.6 110 110 110 111 111 111 Construction.......................... 6,860 6,867 6,802 6,752 6,643 6,549 6,519 6,556 6,567 6,540 General building contractors........ 1,484.6 1,521.5 1,504.4 1,505.3 1,456 1,454 1,445 1,460 1,468 1,476 Heavy construction, except building. 991.8 971.4 969.1 960.7 922 910 899 898 899 894 Special trade contractors........... 4,384.0 4,374.5 4,328.0 4,286.2 4,265 4,185 4,175 4,198 4,200 4,170 Manufacturing......................... 17,342 16,791 16,717 16,643 17,302 16,757 16,742 16,690 16,651 16,602 Production workers................ 11,665 11,289 11,246 11,183 11,620 11,236 11,247 11,212 11,177 11,141 Durable goods........................ 10,346 9,922 9,856 9,805 10,343 9,944 9,922 9,889 9,841 9,801 Production workers................ 6,895 6,611 6,565 6,527 6,889 6,603 6,609 6,591 6,548 6,522 Lumber and wood products............ 785.0 784.2 776.8 769.8 777 767 766 768 765 762 Furniture and fixtures.............. 498.2 494.9 488.3 484.2 500 495 495 495 489 487 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 569.5 566.9 566.9 564.5 564 552 554 557 559 559 Primary metal industries............ 637.0 589.9 589.0 583.9 637 593 589 589 588 583 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 205.2 188.5 188.2 187.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,457.7 1,420.0 1,417.9 1,411.9 1,455 1,425 1,428 1,418 1,415 1,409 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 1,927.4 1,806.6 1,793.8 1,787.9 1,935 1,829 1,826 1,810 1,800 1,795 Computer and office equipment..... 327.6 296.9 294.5 293.7 328 304 301 296 295 295 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,539.7 1,405.3 1,391.6 1,380.4 1,542 1,428 1,426 1,408 1,394 1,382 Electronic components and accessories.................... 611.7 552.4 546.3 541.3 616 566 563 555 553 545 Transportation equipment............ 1,724.0 1,679.1 1,663.0 1,653.3 1,729 1,679 1,661 1,675 1,662 1,658 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 917.7 921.0 915.1 906.9 921 920 905 918 914 910 Aircraft and parts................ 460.1 406.7 401.6 398.2 458 411 409 407 401 396 Instruments and related products.... 828.4 802.4 796.5 794.0 829 805 803 799 797 795 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 379.2 372.5 372.5 375.1 375 371 374 370 372 371 Nondurable goods..................... 6,996 6,869 6,861 6,838 6,959 6,813 6,820 6,801 6,810 6,801 Production workers................ 4,770 4,678 4,681 4,656 4,731 4,633 4,638 4,621 4,629 4,619 Food and kindred products........... 1,719.3 1,737.1 1,739.5 1,729.9 1,690 1,691 1,687 1,683 1,694 1,700 Tobacco products.................... 35.2 37.1 37.9 37.6 34 34 35 38 37 37 Textile mill products............... 459.8 430.7 429.4 425.5 459 432 429 427 426 425 Apparel and other textile products.. 548.5 522.8 517.1 510.6 546 522 525 524 515 508 Paper and allied products........... 626.8 613.5 614.8 613.0 627 612 612 613 613 613 Printing and publishing............. 1,464.7 1,401.8 1,401.3 1,403.6 1,463 1,405 1,406 1,401 1,404 1,402 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,017.8 1,009.6 1,007.6 1,006.2 1,018 1,008 1,008 1,006 1,011 1,006 Petroleum and coal products......... 128.6 128.1 128.2 127.8 127 125 126 125 126 126 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 939.6 932.4 928.9 927.5 939 929 936 929 927 927 Leather and leather products........ 56.1 55.8 56.5 56.7 56 55 56 55 57 57 Service-producing....................... 107,512 106,462 107,117 107,808 106,903 106,875 106,978 107,112 107,130 107,200 Transportation and public utilities... 7,019 6,755 6,779 6,768 6,974 6,790 6,780 6,765 6,730 6,726 Transportation...................... 4,470 4,301 4,341 4,342 4,427 4,334 4,328 4,323 4,297 4,301 Railroad transportation........... 232.4 228.8 229.9 229.8 232 229 227 228 230 229 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 492.8 407.1 476.6 481.6 478 472 471 466 468 468 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,854.1 1,857.5 1,841.2 1,839.4 1,831 1,829 1,834 1,827 1,812 1,817 Water transportation.............. 196.9 204.3 195.0 192.8 193 193 192 190 189 189 Transportation by air............. 1,234.8 1,164.4 1,161.9 1,164.3 1,236 1,172 1,167 1,176 1,163 1,165 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 15.1 14.8 14.9 14.9 15 15 15 15 15 15 Transportation services........... 443.5 423.7 421.0 419.6 442 424 422 421 420 418 Communications and public utilities. 2,549 2,454 2,438 2,426 2,547 2,456 2,452 2,442 2,433 2,425 Communications.................... 1,696.2 1,605.3 1,593.9 1,584.0 1,696 1,615 1,608 1,597 1,588 1,584 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 852.3 848.5 844.5 842.3 851 841 844 845 845 841 Wholesale trade....................... 6,743 6,698 6,673 6,667 6,728 6,681 6,679 6,671 6,668 6,652 Durable goods....................... 3,986 3,922 3,898 3,895 3,985 3,915 3,914 3,905 3,901 3,894 Nondurable goods.................... 2,757 2,776 2,775 2,772 2,743 2,766 2,765 2,766 2,767 2,758 Retail trade.......................... 23,503 23,461 23,321 23,334 23,470 23,308 23,339 23,295 23,284 23,298 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,049.2 1,087.2 1,068.3 1,068.5 1,052 1,066 1,067 1,066 1,066 1,071 General merchandise stores.......... 2,916.0 2,808.4 2,813.8 2,873.4 2,888 2,884 2,885 2,850 2,850 2,846 Department stores................. 2,580.2 2,473.8 2,478.9 2,528.9 2,552 2,542 2,544 2,513 2,508 2,502 Food stores......................... 3,448.5 3,398.7 3,388.4 3,403.1 3,442 3,394 3,388 3,392 3,398 3,395 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,433.7 2,465.2 2,450.7 2,445.7 2,426 2,432 2,437 2,443 2,439 2,438 New and used car dealers.......... 1,125.6 1,136.1 1,134.1 1,135.1 1,123 1,128 1,127 1,130 1,130 1,133 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,172.8 1,183.8 1,156.1 1,164.4 1,177 1,173 1,178 1,177 1,169 1,169 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,138.6 1,138.3 1,139.9 1,152.5 1,136 1,148 1,153 1,154 1,156 1,149 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,212.1 8,321.3 8,233.5 8,120.2 8,239 8,121 8,144 8,125 8,119 8,146 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,132.4 3,057.7 3,070.5 3,106.6 3,110 3,090 3,087 3,088 3,087 3,084 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,720 7,810 7,765 7,782 7,743 7,733 7,737 7,745 7,769 7,803 Finance............................. 3,796 3,840 3,823 3,837 3,812 3,819 3,819 3,822 3,832 3,852 Depository institutions........... 2,050.9 2,087.9 2,070.0 2,071.1 2,061 2,071 2,073 2,075 2,075 2,081 Commercial banks................ 1,432.2 1,458.0 1,443.5 1,443.7 1,439 1,444 1,445 1,448 1,448 1,451 Savings institutions............ 255.1 263.8 262.1 260.7 257 264 263 263 264 262 Nondepository institutions........ 735.7 773.5 778.0 793.3 740 762 767 773 782 797 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 338.8 375.9 379.7 394.7 341 366 372 374 381 398 Security and commodity brokers.... 748.7 720.0 714.4 711.0 750 723 718 714 713 712 Holding and other investment offices........................ 260.5 259.0 261.0 262.0 261 263 261 260 262 262 Insurance........................... 2,376 2,371 2,364 2,368 2,379 2,366 2,365 2,366 2,367 2,370 Insurance carriers................ 1,596.1 1,579.5 1,574.9 1,573.8 1,600 1,579 1,576 1,574 1,579 1,577 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 779.8 791.6 788.9 793.8 779 787 789 792 788 793 Real estate......................... 1,548 1,599 1,578 1,577 1,552 1,548 1,553 1,557 1,570 1,581 Services2............................. 41,154 41,622 41,479 41,629 40,923 41,152 41,215 41,347 41,386 41,404 Agricultural services............... 889.0 934.7 917.8 905.9 859 857 862 863 876 876 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,809.6 1,942.6 1,835.0 1,789.5 1,814 1,801 1,795 1,788 1,779 1,795 Personal services................... 1,237.7 1,239.9 1,250.2 1,252.9 1,272 1,285 1,282 1,285 1,286 1,288 Business services................... 9,559.3 9,468.5 9,488.9 9,506.4 9,393 9,332 9,325 9,395 9,394 9,350 Services to buildings............. 1,023.3 1,047.8 1,047.5 1,045.8 1,022 1,023 1,034 1,041 1,043 1,045 Personnel supply services......... 3,399.6 3,321.5 3,341.5 3,342.8 3,249 3,205 3,196 3,257 3,235 3,194 Help supply services............ 3,044.9 2,999.1 3,018.1 3,007.4 2,906 2,902 2,875 2,925 2,926 2,870 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,222.2 2,191.9 2,183.5 2,182.2 2,232 2,191 2,193 2,191 2,194 2,192 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,252.5 1,272.4 1,265.8 1,259.8 1,253 1,265 1,266 1,266 1,265 1,261 Miscellaneous repair services....... 377.4 379.9 378.8 380.7 375 378 379 377 378 379 Motion pictures..................... 559.7 604.5 580.8 576.6 575 581 584 588 591 593 Amusement and recreation services... 1,650.3 1,935.2 1,705.8 1,591.7 1,702 1,631 1,649 1,662 1,638 1,640 Health services..................... 10475.5 10734.8 10717.5 10747.2 10,476 10,660 10,687 10,711 10,727 10,747 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 2,016.0 2,082.0 2,077.2 2,080.5 2,018 2,061 2,067 2,075 2,080 2,083 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,863.3 1,899.1 1,894.7 1,899.1 1,862 1,887 1,888 1,893 1,895 1,898 Hospitals......................... 4,141.2 4,248.6 4,247.4 4,257.2 4,140 4,221 4,233 4,244 4,251 4,257 Home health care services......... 640.0 646.1 649.2 654.4 639 643 646 646 649 653 Legal services...................... 1,043.8 1,072.7 1,064.1 1,075.2 1,047 1,065 1,065 1,065 1,071 1,078 Educational services................ 2,609.9 2,206.2 2,498.0 2,715.5 2,454 2,511 2,529 2,538 2,542 2,555 Social services..................... 3,122.1 3,153.9 3,178.3 3,215.5 3,110 3,165 3,181 3,203 3,201 3,203 Child day care services........... 735.1 681.3 730.5 745.9 721 726 726 736 731 732 Residential care.................. 883.2 913.0 902.0 906.2 884 904 904 906 904 906 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 111.5 116.4 108.9 106.7 110 109 109 108 108 106 Membership organizations............ 2,458.9 2,508.0 2,458.0 2,465.5 2,474 2,484 2,476 2,472 2,480 2,480 Engineering and management services. 3,603.8 3,660.0 3,640.3 3,649.2 3,616 3,636 3,634 3,634 3,659 3,662 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,057.2 1,047.8 1,032.6 1,028.4 1,056 1,034 1,032 1,030 1,029 1,027 Management and public relations... 1,178.6 1,218.2 1,221.3 1,224.4 1,178 1,204 1,214 1,211 1,225 1,224 Services, nec....................... 48.9 48.0 46.8 46.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,373 20,116 21,100 21,628 21,065 21,211 21,228 21,289 21,293 21,317 Federal............................. 2,612 2,620 2,621 2,624 2,622 2,601 2,607 2,611 2,621 2,634 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,769.8 1,807.1 1,813.5 1,820.0 1,778 1,783 1,790 1,792 1,810 1,828 State............................... 5,056 4,699 4,938 5,081 4,925 4,935 4,950 4,948 4,964 4,947 Education......................... 2,255.3 1,864.0 2,131.6 2,293.2 2,118 2,135 2,155 2,145 2,170 2,153 Other State government............ 2,800.5 2,835.3 2,806.6 2,787.4 2,807 2,800 2,795 2,803 2,794 2,794 Local............................... 13,705 12,797 13,541 13,923 13,518 13,675 13,671 13,730 13,708 13,736 Education......................... 7,946.7 6,676.5 7,649.4 8,075.4 7,693 7,755 7,788 7,837 7,805 7,820 Other local government............ 5,757.9 6,120.9 5,892.0 5,847.5 5,825 5,920 5,883 5,893 5,903 5,916 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 34.0 34.4 34.5 34.1 34.0 34.3 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.1 Goods-producing......................... 40.4 40.7 40.8 40.3 40.1 40.5 40.0 40.3 40.3 40.0 Mining................................ 43.6 43.4 43.2 42.7 43.0 43.3 42.7 43.3 42.7 42.1 Construction.......................... 39.7 39.5 39.5 38.9 39.0 39.0 38.2 38.6 38.9 38.2 Manufacturing......................... 40.6 41.1 41.3 40.9 40.5 41.1 40.7 40.9 40.9 40.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 Durable goods........................ 40.9 41.4 41.7 41.3 40.7 41.5 41.0 41.2 41.4 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 Lumber and wood products............ 41.0 41.3 41.7 41.4 40.7 41.0 41.2 41.0 41.3 41.1 Furniture and fixtures.............. 38.8 40.6 40.8 39.7 38.6 40.2 40.1 40.3 40.2 39.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.2 44.1 44.7 44.0 43.6 43.7 43.2 43.3 43.5 43.5 Primary metal industries............ 43.3 44.3 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.6 44.1 44.3 43.8 44.6 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.2 45.8 46.3 46.0 44.5 46.1 45.5 45.8 45.7 46.3 Fabricated metal products........... 41.3 41.8 41.9 41.6 41.1 42.0 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.4 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 40.2 40.6 40.8 40.3 40.2 40.9 40.3 40.8 40.7 40.3 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 39.3 38.8 39.3 38.6 39.0 39.4 38.7 38.7 39.0 38.3 Transportation equipment............ 41.7 42.7 43.3 42.6 41.5 42.5 41.7 42.2 43.0 42.4 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.6 44.5 45.2 44.3 42.4 44.1 42.9 43.8 44.6 44.1 Instruments and related products.... 40.6 40.6 40.9 40.9 40.7 40.9 40.4 40.7 40.9 40.9 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 37.4 38.7 38.6 38.7 37.3 39.6 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.6 Nondurable goods..................... 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.3 40.1 40.6 40.2 40.5 40.2 40.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 Food and kindred products........... 41.8 41.8 41.8 41.4 41.2 41.6 41.0 41.3 40.7 40.8 Tobacco products.................... 40.3 40.3 40.1 40.7 40.0 41.1 42.1 40.3 39.4 40.4 Textile mill products............... 39.3 42.1 41.5 40.9 39.4 41.5 41.6 41.8 41.1 41.0 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.5 36.8 36.8 36.5 36.6 37.0 36.8 36.8 37.0 36.6 Paper and allied products........... 41.7 41.6 42.1 41.6 41.4 41.6 41.2 41.7 41.5 41.3 Printing and publishing............. 38.1 37.8 37.9 37.5 37.9 37.7 37.3 37.7 37.4 37.3 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.0 42.5 42.7 42.0 42.0 42.5 42.1 42.6 42.5 42.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 41.7 40.9 43.2 42.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 40.6 41.1 41.2 40.8 40.5 41.5 41.0 41.2 40.8 40.7 Leather and leather products........ 36.4 36.0 35.7 36.0 36.2 36.8 36.7 35.7 35.4 35.9 Service-producing....................... 32.5 33.0 33.0 32.6 32.6 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 38.0 38.7 38.9 38.0 38.0 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.6 38.1 Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 38.5 38.8 38.1 38.0 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.1 Retail trade.......................... 28.6 29.5 29.1 28.8 28.8 29.1 28.8 28.9 29.0 29.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.8 36.1 36.7 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.2 36.1 36.0 Services.............................. 32.5 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... $14.49 $14.70 $14.93 $14.91 $492.66 $505.68 $515.09 $508.43 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.46 14.83 14.86 14.89 491.64 505.70 508.21 507.75 Goods-producing......................... 16.13 16.49 16.59 16.58 651.65 671.14 676.87 668.17 Mining................................ 17.72 17.71 17.69 17.63 772.59 768.61 764.21 752.80 Construction.......................... 18.57 18.97 19.09 19.13 737.23 749.32 754.06 744.16 Manufacturing......................... 14.97 15.32 15.42 15.41 607.78 629.65 636.85 630.27 Durable goods........................ 15.46 15.81 15.91 15.94 632.31 654.53 663.45 658.32 Lumber and wood products............ 12.37 12.57 12.62 12.61 507.17 519.14 526.25 522.05 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.42 12.71 12.73 12.66 481.90 516.03 519.38 502.60 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 15.09 15.52 15.69 15.71 666.98 684.43 701.34 691.24 Primary metal industries............ 17.08 17.49 17.56 17.59 739.56 774.81 781.42 782.76 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.52 20.90 21.01 20.97 906.98 957.22 972.76 964.62 Fabricated metal products........... 14.33 14.69 14.80 14.81 591.83 614.04 620.12 616.10 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 16.07 16.55 16.58 16.56 646.01 671.93 676.46 667.37 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.78 15.06 15.13 15.15 580.85 584.33 594.61 584.79 Transportation equipment............ 19.41 19.86 20.08 20.25 809.40 848.02 869.46 862.65 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.83 20.56 20.76 21.03 844.76 914.92 938.35 931.63 Instruments and related products.... 14.97 15.28 15.41 15.42 607.78 620.37 630.27 630.68 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.24 12.39 12.44 12.49 457.78 479.49 480.18 483.36 Nondurable goods..................... 14.26 14.60 14.71 14.65 574.68 592.76 598.70 590.40 Food and kindred products........... 12.89 13.24 13.28 13.24 538.80 553.43 555.10 548.14 Tobacco products.................... 20.71 20.83 20.65 20.31 834.61 839.45 828.07 826.62 Textile mill products............... 11.34 11.75 11.80 11.72 445.66 494.68 489.70 479.35 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.44 9.95 10.01 10.00 344.56 366.16 368.37 365.00 Paper and allied products........... 17.14 17.55 17.68 17.51 714.74 730.08 744.33 728.42 Printing and publishing............. 14.93 15.18 15.35 15.31 568.83 573.80 581.77 574.13 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.74 19.28 19.52 19.33 787.08 819.40 833.50 811.86 Petroleum and coal products......... 22.23 22.11 22.50 22.68 926.99 904.30 972.00 952.56 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.53 13.71 13.73 13.76 549.32 563.48 565.68 561.41 Leather and leather products........ 10.24 10.27 10.03 9.97 372.74 369.72 358.07 358.92 Service-producing....................... 14.01 14.19 14.46 14.44 455.33 468.27 477.18 470.74 Transportation and public utilities... 16.98 17.31 17.47 17.40 645.24 669.90 679.58 661.20 Wholesale trade....................... 15.95 16.19 16.37 16.27 606.10 623.32 635.16 619.89 Retail trade.......................... 9.87 10.01 10.15 10.13 282.28 295.30 295.37 291.74 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.91 16.31 16.57 16.58 569.58 588.79 608.12 593.56 Services.............................. 14.87 15.05 15.36 15.37 483.28 493.64 503.81 501.06 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. change Industry 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p from: Sept. 2002- Oct. 2002 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.46 $14.75 $14.78 $14.83 $14.86 $14.89 0.2 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 8.06 8.14 8.14 8.14 8.14 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 16.05 16.39 16.38 16.44 16.48 16.51 .2 Mining...................... 17.70 17.70 17.78 17.87 17.71 17.61 -.6 Construction................ 18.40 18.81 18.87 18.90 18.97 18.97 .0 Manufacturing............... 14.99 15.31 15.28 15.34 15.36 15.43 .5 Excluding overtime4....... 14.31 14.56 14.57 14.59 14.64 14.69 .3 Service-producing............. 14.00 14.29 14.33 14.38 14.41 14.44 .2 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.96 17.37 17.33 17.35 17.43 17.38 -.3 Wholesale trade............. 15.97 16.15 16.14 16.28 16.28 16.29 .1 Retail trade................ 9.84 10.06 10.05 10.09 10.10 10.11 .1 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.97 16.27 16.38 16.43 16.54 16.64 .6 Services.................... 14.88 15.19 15.26 15.30 15.34 15.38 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from August 2002 to September 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 149.4 151.1 150.5 148.7 148.7 148.6 147.5 148.1 148.4 147.8 Goods-producing......................... 110.0 108.2 107.9 105.8 107.5 105.7 104.1 104.8 104.7 103.4 Mining................................ 55.9 55.2 54.2 53.1 54.3 53.7 52.5 53.7 52.7 51.5 Construction.......................... 192.3 190.9 188.8 184.0 181.7 178.4 173.8 176.4 178.0 173.9 Manufacturing......................... 95.6 93.5 93.7 92.1 94.8 93.2 92.3 92.5 92.1 91.3 Durable goods........................ 98.3 95.5 95.6 93.9 97.9 95.6 94.5 94.8 94.5 93.5 Lumber and wood products............ 137.1 138.7 138.8 136.1 134.7 134.0 134.8 134.2 135.2 133.6 Furniture and fixtures.............. 119.2 124.2 123.1 118.9 119.2 122.9 123.2 123.5 121.6 118.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.9 118.2 119.7 117.2 116.0 113.3 112.3 114.1 114.4 114.7 Primary metal industries............ 80.5 75.9 76.1 75.6 80.6 76.6 75.4 75.9 74.7 75.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 62.8 59.5 60.0 59.9 63.1 59.2 58.4 59.6 59.1 60.3 Fabricated metal products........... 110.7 109.4 109.6 108.5 109.8 110.2 109.9 108.9 108.4 107.6 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 86.4 81.6 81.4 80.1 87.0 83.1 81.9 82.3 81.7 80.6 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 89.0 78.8 79.2 77.1 88.4 81.7 80.4 79.1 78.7 76.6 Transportation equipment............ 107.5 107.7 107.4 105.0 107.2 106.4 103.7 106.4 106.4 104.8 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 139.9 147.9 147.8 143.3 139.8 144.7 139.6 145.7 145.5 143.2 Instruments and related products.... 70.3 67.5 67.4 67.2 70.8 68.2 67.9 67.3 67.7 67.5 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 90.0 91.1 91.3 92.1 88.5 92.1 90.4 89.9 90.6 90.5 Nondurable goods..................... 91.9 90.9 91.1 89.6 90.6 89.9 89.1 89.4 88.9 88.4 Food and kindred products........... 120.2 121.6 121.6 119.7 115.9 117.1 114.9 115.8 114.7 115.2 Tobacco products.................... 52.3 55.9 57.2 57.7 49.5 52.9 54.2 57.9 52.7 56.0 Textile mill products............... 63.0 62.4 61.3 59.8 62.7 61.6 61.4 61.3 60.1 59.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 45.1 43.1 43.3 42.2 45.0 43.5 43.5 43.4 43.3 42.1 Paper and allied products........... 96.9 94.5 95.9 94.0 96.1 94.5 93.4 94.5 94.1 93.2 Printing and publishing............. 112.9 106.8 107.1 106.2 112.2 106.8 105.7 106.2 105.7 105.4 Chemicals and allied products....... 95.4 95.4 95.8 94.0 95.4 95.7 94.8 95.6 95.7 94.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 72.4 71.8 75.6 73.0 70.9 70.7 71.6 69.4 73.6 72.2 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 133.7 134.6 134.2 133.0 133.2 135.2 135.0 134.4 132.7 132.4 Leather and leather products........ 23.5 22.4 24.0 24.5 23.4 22.6 23.7 21.9 23.9 24.8 Service-producing....................... 167.1 170.3 169.6 167.9 167.2 167.8 167.0 167.5 168.0 167.8 Transportation and public utilities... 137.7 134.5 136.0 132.6 136.5 133.9 133.7 133.6 133.6 131.6 Wholesale trade....................... 125.1 126.9 127.4 125.1 124.8 126.7 125.9 126.2 126.2 124.6 Retail trade.......................... 145.7 150.1 147.3 145.8 146.4 147.1 145.7 146.0 146.5 146.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.5 142.0 143.4 140.5 139.9 140.0 139.9 141.0 141.4 141.7 Services.............................. 211.7 216.2 215.4 214.7 211.3 212.7 211.8 212.7 213.5 214.0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 62.4 57.5 59.1 60.2 57.5 56.8 54.6 59.1 57.2 53.0 57.9 56.8 1999.............. 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1 2000.............. 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7 2001.............. 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1 2002.............. 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 p50.7 p47.3 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 65.3 66.3 65.3 65.9 62.7 58.2 58.9 59.1 59.8 57.9 57.1 58.8 1999.............. 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7 2000.............. 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6 2001.............. 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9 2002.............. 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 p47.3 p48.7 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 70.2 67.4 64.7 61.5 64.1 62.1 59.1 58.8 57.5 60.2 59.2 58.4 1999.............. 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8 2000.............. 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5 2001.............. 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6 2002.............. 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 p47.3 p48.6 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 69.9 67.9 67.6 65.6 64.1 62.7 61.7 62.2 60.8 59.4 60.8 58.9 1999.............. 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5 2000.............. 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9 2001.............. 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0 2002.............. 35.2 36.0 p37.5 p37.8 Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 57.0 52.6 52.2 52.9 44.9 47.4 38.2 52.9 44.9 38.6 42.3 41.5 1999.............. 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3 2000.............. 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8 2001.............. 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9 2002.............. 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 p42.6 p40.4 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 59.2 57.0 54.8 51.8 48.2 38.2 41.9 43.0 43.0 38.2 32.7 40.4 1999.............. 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2 2000.............. 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0 2001.............. 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0 2002.............. 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 p37.9 p34.6 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 60.7 54.4 49.3 40.1 45.2 42.6 39.0 38.2 34.6 41.2 35.7 33.1 1999.............. 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4 2000.............. 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7 2001.............. 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5 2002.............. 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 p37.1 p32.0 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5 2000.............. 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0 2001.............. 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6 2002.............. 18.0 18.0 p19.9 p19.9 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.