Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-206 http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, July 6, 2001. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 2001 Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 114,000 in June, and the unemployment rate was little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Manufacturing experienced another large job loss, and wholesale trade employment declined for the third consecutive month. Other major industry groups showed no significant change in employment over the month. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the unemployment rate (4.5 percent) and the number of unemployed per- sons (6.4 million) were little changed in June. In each of the past 3 months, the jobless rate has been either 4.4 or 4.5 percent; its most recent low was 3.9 percent in October 2000. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult men (4.0 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (14.3 percent), whites (4.0 percent), blacks (8.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.6 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment, at 134.9 million, was little changed in June. Since Jan- uary, it has declined by about 1.1 million. Over the month, the employment- population ratio decreased to 63.7 percent and has fallen by 0.8 percentage point since January. The civilian labor force (141.4 million) was essentially unchanged over the month, after seasonal adjustment, and the labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population 16 years of age and older who are either working or looking for work--remained at 66.8 percent. Since January, the participation rate has declined by half a percentage point. (See table A-1.) The number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased by 266,000 to 3.6 million. This was about half a million more than a year earlier. These persons indicated that they would like to work full time but worked part time because their hours had been cut back or they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-4.) In June, 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of the employed, the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In June, 4.6 million people not in the labor force (seasonally adjusted) reported that they currently wanted a job. These individuals are not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| May- Category | 2001 | 2001 | June |_________________|________ _________________|change | I | II | Apr. | May | June | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 141,858| 141,461| 141,757| 141,272| 141,354| 82 Employment..........| 135,864| 135,130| 135,354| 135,103| 134,932| -171 Unemployment........| 5,994| 6,331| 6,402| 6,169| 6,422| 253 Not in labor force....| 69,171| 70,072| 69,592| 70,254| 70,370| 116 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.2| 4.5| 4.5| 4.4| 4.5| 0.1 Adult men...........| 3.7| 4.0| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| .1 Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| .0 Teenagers...........| 13.7| 14.0| 14.2| 13.6| 14.3| .7 White...............| 3.7| 3.9| 4.0| 3.8| 4.0| .2 Black...............| 8.1| 8.2| 8.2| 8.0| 8.4| .4 Hispanic origin.....| 6.2| 6.5| 6.5| 6.2| 6.6| .4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 132,559|p132,456| 132,489|p132,497|p132,383| p-114 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,621| p25,322| 25,421| p25,332| p25,213| p-119 Construction......| 6,878| p6,872| 6,852| p6,886| p6,879| p-7 Manufacturing.....| 18,188| p17,887| 18,009| p17,882| p17,769| p-113 Service-producing 1/| 106,938|p107,134| 107,068|p107,165|p107,170| p5 Retail trade......| 23,448| p23,537| 23,530| p23,531| p23,549| p18 Services..........| 41,026| p41,034| 40,993| p41,058| p41,052| p-6 Government........| 20,673| p20,768| 20,747| p20,766| p20,790| p24 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.3| p34.3| 34.2| p34.3| p34.3| p.0 Manufacturing.......| 41.0| p40.8| 41.0| p40.8| p40.7| p-0.1 Overtime..........| 4.1| p3.9| 3.9| p3.9| p4.0| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 152.0| p151.4| 151.5| p151.5| p151.2| p-0.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.10| p$14.25| $14.21| p$14.25| p$14.29| p$0.04 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 484.21| p488.30| 485.98| p488.78| p490.15| p1.37 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - the survey. Indeed, most had not searched for work in the prior year. (See table A-1.) Among persons who wanted a job, about 1.2 million (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in June. These were people who were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. In June, the number of discouraged workers was 291,000. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 114,000 in June to 132.4 million, seasonally adjusted. This was the second decline in the past 3 months (as revised) and brought total job losses in the second quarter to 271,000. Manufacturing employment continued to fall sharply in June, and related industries such as wholesale trade and transportation also lost jobs. The other major industry groups had little or no change in employment over the month. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing lost 113,000 jobs in June. Since last July, the industry has lost 785,000 jobs, with nearly three-quarters of the decline coming since the end of 2000. In June, employment losses in manufacturing again were widespread, with the largest declines occurring in electronic equip- ment (31,000), industrial machinery (22,000), and fabricated metals and textiles (8,000 each). Job losses in electronic equipment and industrial machinery have accelerated over the past 3 months, as they also have in textiles, furniture, and printing and publishing. Construction employment was little changed in June and was down over the second quarter (seasonally adjusted). Strong job growth in the first quarter may have lessened the need for the industry to add workers during the spring buildup. Monthly job growth in the industry has averaged 15,000 thus far in 2001, slightly below the average monthly growth for all of 2000. In mining, employment continued to rise in oil and gas extraction, although June's gain was the smallest this year. In the service-producing sector, employment in wholesale trade decreased sharply for the third consecutive month. Employment declines in this industry have totaled 42,000 since March, reflecting cutbacks in both domestic indus- trial production and imports. Employment in transportation and public utilities declined by 11,000 in June. All of the loss occurred in transportation. Manufacturing's severe downturn continued to affect the movement of goods both by truck and air. Employment in air transportation also has been affected by reductions in business travel. Employment in services was flat in June, following a gain of 65,000 (as revised) in May. Strong job gains in health services, engineering and management services, motion pictures, and computer services were offset by large losses in help supply services, hotels, amusements and recreation, and educational services. Since reaching its peak last September, the help supply industry has lost 379,000 jobs. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed in June. Employment gains continued in commercial banks and in mortgage banks; these were offset by declines in insurance and real estate and continued losses in security brokerages, which have shed 12,000 jobs since March. In June, employment in retail trade also was little changed. Job gains in eating and drinking places and building materials and garden supplies were partially offset by continued losses in food stores. Job gains in retail trade have averaged 24,000 a month in 2001, about the same as the monthly average for all of last year. - 4 - In government, small job gains in state and local government more than offset losses in the federal government. Average monthly job gains in local government thus far in 2001 have been considerably larger than in 2000. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in June at 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours. Manufac- turing overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours. Over the past 12 months, the factory workweek has fallen by 1.0 hour and factory overtime by 0.6 hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 percent in June to 151.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.0 percent to 98.2. The manufacturing index has fallen by 7.9 percent over the past 12 months and is now at its lowest level since March 1983. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in June to $14.29, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.3 percent to $490.15. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.2 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for July 2001 is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau expanded the monthly sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) to meet the requirements of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) legislation. This legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the number of children who live in low-income families and lack health insurance. These estimates are obtained from the Annual Demographic Supplement to the CPS. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample was one part of the Census Bureau's plan for strengthening the SCHIP estimates. The monthly CPS sample was increased in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and the total number of households eligible for the survey rose from about 50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households were introduced into the survey over a 3-month period beginning in September 2000. In the September 2000 Employment Situation news release (USDL 00-284), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) stated that it would not use the additional sample to produce the official national labor force estimates prior to the release of July 2001 data in August. This delay would allow BLS sufficient time to evaluate the differences, if any, between the estimates obtained from the current 50,000-household sample and the expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated the monthly data for the November 2000-April 2001 period and found no significant differences in the national labor force estimates derived from the two samples. Thus, BLS plans to incorporate the additional sample into the July 2001 official national estimates. Since estimates from the two samples were virtually identical, household data for the first 6 months of 2001 will not be revised. The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article discussing this sample expansion in more detail. - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001, the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or $50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,543 211,525 211,725 209,543 211,026 211,171 211,348 211,525 211,725 Civilian labor force............................ 142,132 141,048 142,684 140,757 141,751 141,868 141,757 141,272 141,354 Participation rate........................ 67.8 66.7 67.4 67.2 67.2 67.2 67.1 66.8 66.8 Employed...................................... 136,192 135,202 135,923 135,183 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932 Employment-population ratio............... 65.0 63.9 64.2 64.5 64.4 64.3 64.0 63.9 63.7 Agriculture................................. 3,682 3,381 3,335 3,313 3,135 3,161 3,192 3,193 2,995 Nonagricultural industries.................. 132,510 131,822 132,588 131,870 132,680 132,618 132,162 131,910 131,937 Unemployed.................................... 5,940 5,846 6,762 5,574 5,936 6,088 6,402 6,169 6,422 Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 Not in labor force.............................. 67,411 70,477 69,040 68,786 69,275 69,304 69,592 70,254 70,370 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,641 5,161 4,959 4,306 4,455 4,174 4,368 4,535 4,600 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,654 101,684 101,786 100,654 101,428 101,504 101,593 101,684 101,786 Civilian labor force............................ 76,204 75,274 76,460 75,155 75,547 75,516 75,741 75,344 75,462 Participation rate........................ 75.7 74.0 75.1 74.7 74.5 74.4 74.6 74.1 74.1 Employed...................................... 73,213 72,131 72,885 72,240 72,359 72,201 72,245 71,978 71,926 Employment-population ratio............... 72.7 70.9 71.6 71.8 71.3 71.1 71.1 70.8 70.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,991 3,143 3,575 2,915 3,187 3,315 3,496 3,366 3,535 Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 4.2 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,546 93,541 93,616 92,546 93,227 93,285 93,410 93,541 93,616 Civilian labor force............................ 71,119 71,360 71,627 70,785 71,288 71,261 71,575 71,351 71,346 Participation rate........................ 76.8 76.3 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.3 76.2 Employed...................................... 68,952 68,772 68,910 68,489 68,761 68,534 68,706 68,595 68,466 Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 73.5 73.6 74.0 73.8 73.5 73.6 73.3 73.1 Agriculture................................. 2,460 2,280 2,214 2,262 2,154 2,150 2,117 2,169 2,035 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,492 66,492 66,696 66,227 66,607 66,383 66,589 66,426 66,430 Unemployed.................................... 2,167 2,588 2,716 2,296 2,527 2,728 2,869 2,756 2,880 Unemployment rate......................... 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,889 109,842 109,939 108,889 109,598 109,667 109,756 109,842 109,939 Civilian labor force............................ 65,928 65,774 66,224 65,602 66,204 66,352 66,016 65,928 65,893 Participation rate........................ 60.5 59.9 60.2 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.1 60.0 59.9 Employed...................................... 62,980 63,071 63,038 62,943 63,456 63,578 63,109 63,125 63,006 Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.4 57.3 57.8 57.9 58.0 57.5 57.5 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 2,948 2,703 3,187 2,659 2,749 2,774 2,907 2,803 2,887 Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.1 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,007 101,938 102,023 101,007 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938 102,023 Civilian labor force............................ 61,361 62,049 61,707 61,561 62,220 62,412 62,132 62,119 61,890 Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.9 60.5 60.9 61.2 61.3 61.0 60.9 60.7 Employed...................................... 58,983 59,804 59,215 59,282 59,932 60,178 59,741 59,766 59,510 Employment-population ratio............... 58.4 58.7 58.0 58.7 58.9 59.1 58.6 58.6 58.3 Agriculture................................. 889 860 809 829 839 819 847 822 752 Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,093 58,943 58,406 58,453 59,093 59,359 58,895 58,943 58,759 Unemployed.................................... 2,379 2,245 2,492 2,279 2,288 2,233 2,390 2,353 2,380 Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,991 16,046 16,086 15,991 16,113 16,108 16,068 16,046 16,086 Civilian labor force............................ 9,652 7,639 9,351 8,411 8,243 8,195 8,050 7,802 8,118 Participation rate........................ 60.4 47.6 58.1 52.6 51.2 50.9 50.1 48.6 50.5 Employed...................................... 8,258 6,627 7,797 7,412 7,122 7,067 6,907 6,742 6,956 Employment-population ratio............... 51.6 41.3 48.5 46.4 44.2 43.9 43.0 42.0 43.2 Agriculture................................. 333 240 312 222 143 191 229 201 209 Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,925 6,386 7,486 7,190 6,980 6,876 6,678 6,541 6,748 Unemployed.................................... 1,394 1,013 1,554 999 1,121 1,127 1,143 1,060 1,162 Unemployment rate......................... 14.4 13.3 16.6 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,316 175,653 175,789 174,316 175,326 175,416 175,533 175,653 175,789 Civilian labor force............................ 118,605 117,491 118,859 117,477 118,287 118,243 118,145 117,688 117,733 Participation rate.......................... 68.0 66.9 67.6 67.4 67.5 67.4 67.3 67.0 67.0 Employed...................................... 114,369 113,261 113,926 113,493 113,902 113,853 113,434 113,185 113,037 Employment-population ratio................. 65.6 64.5 64.8 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6 64.4 64.3 Unemployed.................................... 4,236 4,230 4,932 3,984 4,385 4,389 4,711 4,503 4,696 Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,395 60,483 60,681 60,101 60,487 60,358 60,598 60,512 60,389 Participation rate.......................... 77.3 76.8 77.0 77.0 76.9 76.7 77.0 76.8 76.6 Employed...................................... 58,818 58,610 58,651 58,429 58,561 58,366 58,488 58,493 58,244 Employment-population ratio................. 75.3 74.4 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.2 74.3 74.3 73.9 Unemployed.................................... 1,577 1,873 2,029 1,672 1,926 1,991 2,110 2,019 2,145 Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,060 50,535 50,226 50,262 50,854 50,910 50,697 50,611 50,431 Participation rate.......................... 59.9 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.2 59.9 Employed...................................... 48,373 48,951 48,457 48,654 49,155 49,318 48,907 48,902 48,749 Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 58.2 57.6 58.3 58.5 58.7 58.2 58.1 57.9 Unemployed.................................... 1,687 1,584 1,769 1,608 1,699 1,593 1,790 1,708 1,682 Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 8,150 6,473 7,952 7,114 6,945 6,975 6,850 6,566 6,913 Participation rate.......................... 64.2 50.7 62.2 56.0 54.6 54.8 53.7 51.4 54.0 Employed...................................... 7,178 5,700 6,818 6,410 6,186 6,169 6,039 5,790 6,044 Employment-population ratio................. 56.5 44.6 53.3 50.5 48.7 48.5 47.3 45.3 47.2 Unemployed.................................... 972 773 1,134 704 760 806 812 776 869 Unemployment rate........................... 11.9 11.9 14.3 9.9 10.9 11.6 11.8 11.8 12.6 Men....................................... 13.1 12.7 15.5 11.7 12.6 11.8 12.8 13.1 14.5 Women..................................... 10.6 11.1 12.9 7.9 9.2 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.6 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,191 25,501 25,533 25,191 25,412 25,441 25,472 25,501 25,533 Civilian labor force............................ 16,725 16,608 16,897 16,573 16,691 16,789 16,666 16,639 16,756 Participation rate.......................... 66.4 65.1 66.2 65.8 65.7 66.0 65.4 65.2 65.6 Employed...................................... 15,367 15,314 15,434 15,277 15,440 15,348 15,299 15,311 15,343 Employment-population ratio................. 61.0 60.1 60.4 60.6 60.8 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,358 1,294 1,463 1,296 1,251 1,441 1,367 1,328 1,413 Unemployment rate........................... 8.1 7.8 8.7 7.8 7.5 8.6 8.2 8.0 8.4 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,299 7,288 7,329 7,283 7,374 7,404 7,369 7,275 7,317 Participation rate.......................... 72.3 71.3 71.6 72.1 72.4 72.6 72.2 71.2 71.5 Employed...................................... 6,835 6,750 6,805 6,777 6,887 6,776 6,761 6,723 6,744 Employment-population ratio................. 67.7 66.0 66.5 67.1 67.6 66.4 66.2 65.8 65.9 Unemployed.................................... 464 539 524 506 487 628 608 552 573 Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.6 8.5 8.2 7.6 7.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,305 8,425 8,467 8,324 8,336 8,418 8,353 8,421 8,491 Participation rate.......................... 65.8 65.8 66.1 65.9 65.3 65.9 65.3 65.8 66.3 Employed...................................... 7,753 7,882 7,886 7,781 7,854 7,885 7,892 7,882 7,917 Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 61.6 61.5 61.6 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.6 61.8 Unemployed.................................... 551 542 581 543 482 533 460 539 573 Unemployment rate........................... 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.5 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.4 6.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,121 895 1,101 966 981 968 944 942 948 Participation rate.......................... 45.4 36.1 44.4 39.1 39.8 39.2 38.2 38.0 38.2 Employed...................................... 779 682 743 719 699 688 646 706 681 Employment-population ratio................. 31.6 27.5 30.0 29.1 28.4 27.9 26.1 28.5 27.5 Unemployed.................................... 342 213 358 247 282 280 299 236 267 Unemployment rate........................... 30.5 23.8 32.5 25.6 28.8 28.9 31.6 25.1 28.2 Men....................................... 36.6 27.2 36.4 31.5 31.7 27.7 34.9 30.0 30.7 Women..................................... 23.8 20.6 29.1 19.3 25.7 30.2 28.6 20.3 26.0 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,355 23,021 23,090 22,355 22,830 22,889 22,957 23,021 23,090 Civilian labor force............................ 15,422 15,592 15,669 15,320 15,653 15,770 15,775 15,608 15,570 Participation rate.......................... 69.0 67.7 67.9 68.5 68.6 68.9 68.7 67.8 67.4 Employed...................................... 14,562 14,707 14,640 14,456 14,673 14,782 14,747 14,634 14,538 Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 63.9 63.4 64.7 64.3 64.6 64.2 63.6 63.0 Unemployed.................................... 860 885 1,029 864 980 988 1,028 975 1,032 Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 5.7 6.6 5.6 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,227 28,350 28,504 28,227 27,191 27,564 28,326 28,350 28,504 Civilian labor force.................... 12,193 12,297 12,321 12,035 12,074 12,103 12,371 12,319 12,170 Percent of population............... 43.2 43.4 43.2 42.6 44.4 43.9 43.7 43.5 42.7 Employed.............................. 11,475 11,580 11,543 11,269 11,140 11,267 11,558 11,523 11,338 Employment-population ratio......... 40.7 40.8 40.5 39.9 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.6 39.8 Unemployed............................ 718 716 778 766 934 836 813 797 831 Unemployment rate................... 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.4 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.8 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,581 57,456 57,099 57,581 57,617 57,660 57,456 57,456 57,099 Civilian labor force.................... 36,924 37,146 36,672 37,037 37,309 37,189 37,053 36,952 36,821 Percent of population............... 64.1 64.7 64.2 64.3 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.5 Employed.............................. 35,731 35,826 35,320 35,774 35,895 35,746 35,650 35,507 35,391 Employment-population ratio......... 62.1 62.4 61.9 62.1 62.3 62.0 62.0 61.8 62.0 Unemployed............................ 1,193 1,320 1,352 1,263 1,414 1,443 1,403 1,446 1,431 Unemployment rate................... 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,250 44,576 44,812 44,250 45,263 45,182 44,653 44,576 44,812 Civilian labor force.................... 32,796 32,980 33,111 33,003 33,079 33,241 33,044 33,192 33,314 Percent of population............... 74.1 74.0 73.9 74.6 73.1 73.6 74.0 74.5 74.3 Employed.............................. 31,907 32,059 32,102 32,075 32,197 32,360 32,065 32,188 32,263 Employment-population ratio......... 72.1 71.9 71.6 72.5 71.1 71.6 71.8 72.2 72.0 Unemployed............................ 889 921 1,009 928 882 881 978 1,004 1,051 Unemployment rate................... 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,092 46,271 46,348 45,092 46,167 45,979 46,045 46,271 46,348 Civilian labor force.................... 35,750 36,692 36,372 35,981 36,602 36,642 36,646 36,687 36,592 Percent of population............... 79.3 79.3 78.5 79.8 79.3 79.7 79.6 79.3 78.9 Employed.............................. 35,154 35,987 35,545 35,407 36,032 35,916 35,802 35,915 35,796 Employment-population ratio......... 78.0 77.8 76.7 78.5 78.0 78.1 77.8 77.6 77.2 Unemployed............................ 596 704 826 574 570 726 845 771 796 Unemployment rate................... 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 136,192 135,202 135,923 135,183 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 134,932 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,270 43,471 43,342 43,364 43,340 43,385 43,516 43,733 43,428 Married women, spouse present................... 33,452 33,787 33,113 33,745 34,059 34,080 33,662 33,686 33,380 Women who maintain families..................... 8,272 8,319 8,453 8,340 8,373 8,049 8,160 8,319 8,529 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,956 41,984 41,849 41,113 41,770 42,023 41,841 41,996 41,987 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,270 38,743 38,920 39,333 39,781 39,433 39,014 38,743 38,998 Service occupations............................. 18,379 18,260 18,855 18,111 18,283 18,289 18,258 18,224 18,576 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,141 15,007 14,957 14,950 14,970 14,895 14,834 14,962 14,794 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,633 17,736 17,797 18,398 17,889 17,999 18,127 17,904 17,564 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,812 3,472 3,544 3,377 3,252 3,321 3,238 3,251 3,136 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,358 2,080 2,039 2,051 1,839 1,910 1,902 1,958 1,775 Self-employed workers......................... 1,271 1,264 1,251 1,187 1,291 1,231 1,223 1,201 1,166 Unpaid family workers......................... 54 36 44 44 29 36 47 38 36 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 123,655 123,166 123,625 123,020 124,069 123,814 123,395 123,416 123,009 Government.................................. 18,645 19,106 18,624 18,836 19,103 19,134 18,854 19,067 18,812 Private industries.......................... 105,010 104,061 105,001 104,184 104,966 104,680 104,541 104,349 104,197 Private households........................ 981 792 793 926 823 881 812 789 744 Other industries.......................... 104,029 103,268 104,208 103,258 104,143 103,800 103,729 103,559 103,453 Self-employed workers......................... 8,778 8,555 8,864 8,660 8,617 8,784 8,608 8,530 8,741 Unpaid family workers......................... 78 100 99 74 142 138 93 103 94 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,369 3,270 3,924 3,125 3,273 3,164 3,201 3,371 3,637 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,853 2,094 2,288 1,858 2,043 1,914 2,097 2,215 2,299 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,128 917 1,180 981 933 907 873 900 1,025 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,880 18,897 16,884 18,444 19,021 18,647 18,713 18,581 18,472 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,207 3,124 3,801 2,981 3,143 3,007 3,061 3,197 3,532 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,757 1,989 2,225 1,760 1,970 1,828 1,985 2,089 2,234 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,095 891 1,141 982 910 877 864 876 1,024 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,288 18,368 16,379 17,897 18,509 18,132 18,176 18,061 18,039 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,574 6,169 6,422 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,296 2,756 2,880 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,279 2,353 2,380 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 999 1,060 1,162 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 Married men, spouse present.................... 848 1,162 1,171 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 Married women, spouse present.................. 915 1,015 1,034 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 Women who maintain families.................... 533 547 577 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 Full-time workers.............................. 4,427 5,059 5,162 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 Part-time workers.............................. 1,163 1,104 1,282 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.5 4.6 5.3 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 704 826 865 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,483 1,504 1,638 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 542 702 690 3.5 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,206 1,413 1,513 6.2 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.9 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 189 247 207 5.3 7.2 9.1 7.5 7.1 6.2 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,372 4,916 5,238 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.8 Goods-producing industries................... 1,183 1,522 1,568 4.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5 Mining..................................... 20 34 39 3.9 4.6 3.5 5.1 5.5 6.8 Construction............................... 479 525 550 6.0 7.0 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.7 Manufacturing.............................. 684 963 979 3.4 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 Durable goods............................ 428 604 611 3.4 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.9 5.0 Nondurable goods......................... 256 359 368 3.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.9 Service-producing industries................. 3,189 3,394 3,670 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.5 Transportation and public utilities........ 228 315 356 2.9 2.9 3.1 4.1 3.8 4.4 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,407 1,448 1,482 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 187 188 213 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 Services................................... 1,367 1,443 1,619 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.4 Government workers............................. 478 383 394 2.5 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 160 175 188 7.2 9.2 11.3 9.2 8.2 9.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 3,194 2,652 3,486 2,572 2,797 2,674 2,958 2,679 2,809 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,541 1,673 1,803 1,776 1,669 1,992 1,977 2,028 2,084 15 weeks and over................................ 1,204 1,521 1,473 1,260 1,490 1,517 1,499 1,484 1,540 15 to 26 weeks................................ 593 917 780 609 793 814 759 852 804 27 weeks and over............................. 611 604 692 651 697 703 740 632 737 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 11.3 12.4 11.8 12.5 12.9 13.0 12.6 12.2 13.0 Median duration, in weeks........................ 4.2 6.2 4.4 5.9 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.5 6.2 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 53.8 45.4 51.6 45.9 47.0 43.2 46.0 43.3 43.7 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 25.9 28.6 26.7 31.7 28.0 32.2 30.7 32.8 32.4 15 weeks and over.............................. 20.3 26.0 21.8 22.5 25.0 24.5 23.3 24.0 23.9 15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.0 15.7 11.5 10.9 13.3 13.2 11.8 13.8 12.5 27 weeks and over............................ 10.3 10.3 10.2 11.6 11.7 11.4 11.5 10.2 11.4 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,291 2,802 3,090 2,439 2,853 2,963 3,199 3,159 3,291 On temporary layoff............................. 817 801 843 917 945 991 1,053 1,084 940 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,474 2,001 2,247 1,522 1,908 1,972 2,146 2,075 2,351 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,059 1,502 1,656 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 415 499 591 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 667 733 781 692 820 814 749 820 810 Reentrants........................................ 2,336 1,856 2,186 2,042 1,927 1,908 2,005 1,801 1,906 New entrants...................................... 646 455 705 416 372 386 462 482 477 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 38.6 47.9 45.7 43.6 47.8 48.8 49.9 50.4 50.8 On temporary layoff............................ 13.8 13.7 12.5 16.4 15.8 16.3 16.4 17.3 14.5 Not on temporary layoff........................ 24.8 34.2 33.2 27.2 32.0 32.5 33.5 33.1 36.3 Job leavers...................................... 11.2 12.5 11.5 12.4 13.7 13.4 11.7 13.1 12.5 Reentrants....................................... 39.3 31.7 32.3 36.5 32.3 31.4 31.3 28.8 29.4 New entrants..................................... 10.9 7.8 10.4 7.4 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.7 7.4 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 New entrants..................................... .5 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ .8 1.1 1.0 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.4 4.4 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.9 4.9 5.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.3 7.2 8.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,574 6,169 6,422 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,068 2,198 2,340 9.1 9.5 10.0 10.4 9.9 10.4 16 to 19 years................................ 999 1,060 1,162 11.9 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 14.3 16 to 17 years.............................. 449 486 505 13.4 17.2 16.0 16.7 15.5 16.0 18 to 19 years.............................. 545 569 652 10.7 11.0 12.3 12.6 12.2 13.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,069 1,138 1,177 7.5 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.9 8.2 25 years and over............................... 3,512 3,981 4,110 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 25 to 54 years................................ 3,105 3,545 3,621 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 55 years and over............................. 431 483 521 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,915 3,366 3,535 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 16 to 24 years................................ 1,141 1,264 1,371 9.6 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.8 16 to 19 years.............................. 619 610 655 14.2 15.5 13.8 15.1 15.3 15.9 16 to 17 years............................ 278 273 288 15.9 18.5 15.6 18.7 17.4 18.0 18 to 19 years............................ 345 336 369 13.0 13.1 12.7 12.8 13.9 14.5 20 to 24 years.............................. 522 654 716 7.0 8.2 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.5 25 years and over............................. 1,778 2,125 2,167 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,553 1,850 1,866 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 55 years and over........................... 232 296 311 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,659 2,803 2,887 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 16 to 24 years................................ 927 934 968 8.5 8.1 8.9 9.8 8.8 8.9 16 to 19 years.............................. 380 450 507 9.4 11.6 13.7 13.3 11.8 12.7 16 to 17 years............................ 171 213 216 10.7 15.7 16.4 14.5 13.6 14.0 18 to 19 years............................ 200 234 283 8.2 8.7 11.9 12.4 10.4 11.6 20 to 24 years.............................. 547 485 461 8.0 6.1 6.3 7.8 7.1 6.7 25 years and over............................. 1,734 1,856 1,942 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,552 1,695 1,755 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 55 years and over........................... 199 186 209 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category June June June June June June 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,411 69,040 24,450 25,326 42,961 43,714 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,641 4,959 1,922 2,182 2,720 2,778 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,141 1,159 602 610 539 548 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 308 291 201 198 108 93 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 833 868 401 412 432 455 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,296 7,328 3,869 3,864 3,426 3,464 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,080 3,993 2,433 2,365 1,647 1,627 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,568 1,555 504 531 1,064 1,024 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 338 280 202 194 136 86 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,269 1,425 713 736 555 688 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total......................... 133,163 132,377 133,113 133,579 131,969 132,595 132,654 132,489 132,497 132,383 Total private.................... 112,159 111,213 111,923 112,724 111,029 111,915 111,943 111,742 111,731 111,593 Goods-producing......................... 26,080 25,195 25,356 25,574 25,727 25,627 25,602 25,421 25,332 25,213 Mining................................ 549 554 563 573 543 555 557 560 564 565 Metal mining........................ 41.1 36.7 36.5 36.2 41 39 38 37 37 36 Coal mining......................... 76.4 75.5 76.2 77.0 77 75 75 75 76 77 Oil and gas extraction.............. 314.3 330.1 336.1 343.4 312 328 331 335 339 340 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 116.8 111.6 114.3 115.9 113 113 113 113 112 112 Construction.......................... 6,910 6,709 6,941 7,135 6,663 6,880 6,929 6,852 6,886 6,879 General building contractors........ 1,565.8 1,511.8 1,550.5 1,596.0 1,520 1,555 1,552 1,548 1,557 1,550 Heavy construction, except building. 956.8 899.4 956.1 986.6 896 930 938 915 924 924 Special trade contractors........... 4,387.3 4,298.1 4,434.6 4,552.3 4,247 4,395 4,439 4,389 4,405 4,405 Manufacturing......................... 18,621 17,932 17,852 17,866 18,521 18,192 18,116 18,009 17,882 17,769 Production workers................ 12,750 12,116 12,043 12,030 12,675 12,323 12,254 12,166 12,066 11,961 Durable goods........................ 11,235 10,844 10,774 10,760 11,168 10,997 10,941 10,870 10,778 10,697 Production workers................ 7,671 7,296 7,237 7,213 7,617 7,415 7,358 7,308 7,236 7,163 Lumber and wood products............ 847.5 789.0 793.7 805.6 837 799 799 800 797 796 Furniture and fixtures.............. 560.6 544.1 537.5 533.0 559 549 548 543 539 532 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 588.6 574.4 577.9 581.7 579 578 578 577 574 572 Primary metal industries............ 701.2 664.3 658.4 655.3 700 679 671 667 660 654 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 226.0 212.7 211.4 211.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,551.3 1,497.5 1,487.1 1,489.1 1,543 1,514 1,509 1,503 1,489 1,481 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,129.9 2,071.0 2,054.9 2,041.1 2,120 2,105 2,084 2,072 2,054 2,032 Computer and office equipment..... 355.6 363.2 363.5 360.4 354 370 369 367 366 359 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,724.1 1,678.3 1,650.4 1,629.0 1,719 1,726 1,715 1,684 1,656 1,625 Electronic components and accessories.................... 681.2 684.0 668.5 651.5 678 711 702 686 671 649 Transportation equipment............ 1,884.8 1,771.1 1,763.2 1,768.4 1,868 1,786 1,775 1,768 1,757 1,752 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,039.5 950.9 943.5 946.9 1,027 967 956 950 939 935 Aircraft and parts................ 466.5 463.6 463.7 465.5 466 464 465 464 464 465 Instruments and related products.... 851.7 864.5 863.8 867.4 849 871 871 866 865 865 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 395.3 389.4 387.0 388.9 394 390 391 390 387 388 Nondurable goods..................... 7,386 7,088 7,078 7,106 7,353 7,195 7,175 7,139 7,104 7,072 Production workers................ 5,079 4,820 4,806 4,817 5,058 4,908 4,896 4,858 4,830 4,798 Food and kindred products........... 1,682.9 1,651.7 1,660.6 1,683.2 1,685 1,686 1,687 1,687 1,685 1,685 Tobacco products.................... 32.9 31.2 31.2 30.6 35 31 32 32 33 32 Textile mill products............... 534.9 487.1 479.8 474.4 531 496 494 489 479 471 Apparel and other textile products.. 647.8 581.4 581.3 582.3 639 595 590 581 579 574 Paper and allied products........... 661.5 636.8 636.9 637.2 657 645 642 641 639 633 Printing and publishing............. 1,555.1 1,507.0 1,499.5 1,500.3 1,552 1,529 1,524 1,512 1,503 1,497 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,043.2 1,034.2 1,034.7 1,040.5 1,037 1,039 1,039 1,036 1,033 1,034 Petroleum and coal products......... 131.2 127.1 127.7 131.0 129 127 126 128 127 128 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,022.8 965.7 960.3 961.2 1,016 979 973 967 960 954 Leather and leather products........ 73.9 65.7 66.2 65.3 72 68 68 66 66 64 Service-producing....................... 107,083 107,182 107,757 108,005 106,242 106,968 107,052 107,068 107,165 107,170 Transportation and public utilities... 7,051 7,087 7,127 7,152 7,015 7,123 7,127 7,119 7,127 7,116 Transportation...................... 4,543 4,552 4,584 4,592 4,520 4,591 4,591 4,576 4,581 4,569 Railroad transportation........... 235.3 229.7 230.9 231.6 233 231 230 230 230 230 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 470.9 492.2 501.5 482.8 472 480 480 477 483 484 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,869.9 1,841.4 1,856.1 1,878.8 1,854 1,870 1,872 1,864 1,865 1,863 Water transportation.............. 203.7 199.6 205.2 208.2 197 200 201 202 203 201 Transportation by air............. 1,275.6 1,299.9 1,304.1 1,303.0 1,278 1,318 1,316 1,313 1,314 1,305 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.9 13.6 13.7 14.2 14 14 13 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 473.6 475.1 472.0 473.7 472 478 479 476 472 472 Communications and public utilities. 2,508 2,535 2,543 2,560 2,495 2,532 2,536 2,543 2,546 2,547 Communications.................... 1,650.4 1,692.5 1,698.2 1,707.0 1,644 1,685 1,690 1,696 1,699 1,700 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 857.3 842.5 845.0 853.3 851 847 846 847 847 847 Wholesale trade....................... 7,066 7,034 7,041 7,071 7,019 7,064 7,066 7,053 7,039 7,024 Durable goods....................... 4,215 4,177 4,171 4,183 4,195 4,198 4,196 4,187 4,173 4,164 Nondurable goods.................... 2,851 2,857 2,870 2,888 2,824 2,866 2,870 2,866 2,866 2,860 Retail trade.......................... 23,488 23,289 23,553 23,758 23,280 23,472 23,457 23,530 23,531 23,549 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,066.4 1,018.5 1,052.3 1,065.9 1,016 1,007 1,006 999 1,007 1,016 General merchandise stores.......... 2,765.9 2,708.1 2,731.7 2,753.6 2,831 2,807 2,797 2,804 2,817 2,817 Department stores................. 2,424.3 2,374.1 2,393.6 2,411.9 2,482 2,462 2,451 2,459 2,469 2,470 Food stores......................... 3,535.6 3,524.2 3,535.7 3,558.5 3,522 3,548 3,550 3,562 3,552 3,545 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,433.3 2,417.3 2,433.7 2,452.7 2,410 2,424 2,420 2,421 2,427 2,430 New and used car dealers.......... 1,118.8 1,121.1 1,125.7 1,133.6 1,114 1,124 1,124 1,122 1,126 1,129 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,178.1 1,194.6 1,199.8 1,216.2 1,190 1,227 1,228 1,226 1,228 1,228 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,124.9 1,129.3 1,123.2 1,127.2 1,136 1,146 1,147 1,140 1,135 1,138 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,348.6 8,201.1 8,353.9 8,471.2 8,098 8,171 8,158 8,213 8,206 8,219 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,035.2 3,095.8 3,122.7 3,113.1 3,077 3,142 3,151 3,165 3,159 3,156 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,609 7,599 7,640 7,707 7,541 7,609 7,618 7,626 7,644 7,639 Finance............................. 3,715 3,751 3,761 3,789 3,699 3,748 3,755 3,761 3,769 3,772 Depository institutions........... 2,038.8 2,027.1 2,033.1 2,053.5 2,028 2,025 2,028 2,032 2,038 2,043 Commercial banks................ 1,436.3 1,417.4 1,421.9 1,436.9 1,430 1,417 1,418 1,421 1,426 1,430 Savings institutions............ 254.8 254.0 254.9 257.7 253 254 254 255 255 256 Nondepository institutions........ 678.4 689.9 695.5 701.3 676 683 686 691 695 698 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 306.3 308.1 313.6 318.4 305 304 306 308 312 317 Security and commodity brokers.... 748.6 774.0 771.6 772.5 745 781 781 780 776 769 Holding and other investment offices........................ 249.3 259.9 260.3 261.5 250 259 260 258 260 262 Insurance........................... 2,354 2,351 2,357 2,366 2,345 2,351 2,353 2,356 2,359 2,357 Insurance carriers................ 1,596.4 1,592.1 1,597.3 1,605.3 1,590 1,592 1,593 1,596 1,599 1,599 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 757.6 759.3 759.6 760.3 755 759 760 760 760 758 Real estate......................... 1,540 1,497 1,522 1,552 1,497 1,510 1,510 1,509 1,516 1,510 Services2............................. 40,865 41,009 41,206 41,462 40,447 41,020 41,073 40,993 41,058 41,052 Agricultural services............... 877.3 839.8 892.2 919.8 795 821 828 824 835 835 Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,035.8 1,895.4 1,948.1 2,036.5 1,917 1,957 1,960 1,944 1,936 1,916 Personal services................... 1,215.7 1,335.6 1,255.6 1,245.8 1,247 1,261 1,265 1,267 1,276 1,279 Business services................... 9,925.9 9,604.9 9,652.9 9,718.4 9,876 9,851 9,822 9,729 9,696 9,678 Services to buildings............. 1,002.8 1,007.0 1,016.6 1,022.2 992 1,007 1,007 1,009 1,013 1,011 Personnel supply services......... 3,946.9 3,504.6 3,551.0 3,585.8 3,916 3,731 3,694 3,600 3,585 3,564 Help supply services............ 3,546.6 3,112.7 3,159.1 3,194.7 3,517 3,339 3,293 3,202 3,194 3,168 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,092.3 2,200.1 2,195.0 2,211.0 2,091 2,186 2,195 2,199 2,200 2,211 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,250.3 1,301.0 1,308.8 1,313.0 1,240 1,291 1,298 1,300 1,308 1,302 Miscellaneous repair services....... 368.1 363.7 363.1 363.1 365 365 364 364 362 360 Motion pictures..................... 601.8 598.2 586.8 604.3 597 600 605 601 585 599 Amusement and recreation services... 1,990.1 1,737.5 1,872.7 2,037.3 1,726 1,772 1,775 1,764 1,786 1,768 Health services..................... 10104.3 10264.1 10282.8 10358.6 10,078 10,236 10,259 10,280 10,294 10,332 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,925.3 1,964.2 1,970.0 1,985.6 1,921 1,958 1,962 1,967 1,972 1,981 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,797.5 1,811.3 1,809.7 1,825.3 1,793 1,808 1,811 1,816 1,813 1,821 Hospitals......................... 3,987.6 4,056.3 4,062.9 4,095.3 3,982 4,045 4,055 4,062 4,071 4,089 Home health care services......... 645.3 646.2 647.2 650.7 643 645 648 646 645 649 Legal services...................... 1,026.8 1,014.7 1,020.7 1,042.8 1,010 1,020 1,022 1,021 1,027 1,026 Educational services................ 2,136.6 2,533.7 2,464.0 2,192.7 2,335 2,375 2,384 2,388 2,419 2,394 Social services..................... 2,885.9 3,044.2 3,069.1 3,041.4 2,887 2,997 3,009 3,023 3,039 3,048 Child day care services........... 694.6 764.2 770.3 732.7 712 734 739 743 744 751 Residential care.................. 809.8 833.2 841.6 850.7 804 829 831 835 843 845 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 114.9 107.9 113.2 119.7 106 110 110 109 110 111 Membership organizations............ 2,513.4 2,477.6 2,492.5 2,536.7 2,474 2,487 2,489 2,489 2,496 2,497 Engineering and management services. 3,445.2 3,518.3 3,510.6 3,558.0 3,421 3,504 3,510 3,517 3,515 3,533 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,034.0 1,045.0 1,053.6 1,076.1 1,018 1,050 1,052 1,053 1,056 1,060 Management and public relations... 1,098.9 1,120.6 1,123.1 1,136.3 1,089 1,123 1,125 1,124 1,122 1,126 Services, nec....................... 51.3 50.8 51.7 52.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,004 21,164 21,190 20,855 20,940 20,680 20,711 20,747 20,766 20,790 Federal............................. 3,122 2,611 2,614 2,625 3,101 2,615 2,613 2,615 2,611 2,605 Federal, except Postal Service.... 2,263.4 1,756.5 1,761.5 1,771.3 2,238 1,756 1,754 1,756 1,753 1,747 State............................... 4,603 4,984 4,904 4,678 4,776 4,825 4,836 4,847 4,844 4,856 Education......................... 1,824.9 2,212.9 2,117.9 1,860.8 2,029 2,048 2,055 2,065 2,058 2,070 Other State government............ 2,777.8 2,770.6 2,786.1 2,817.5 2,747 2,777 2,781 2,782 2,786 2,786 Local............................... 13,279 13,569 13,672 13,552 13,063 13,240 13,262 13,285 13,311 13,329 Education......................... 7,423.0 7,874.7 7,909.9 7,557.7 7,396 7,479 7,492 7,495 7,519 7,528 Other local government............ 5,855.8 5,694.1 5,762.1 5,994.7 5,667 5,761 5,770 5,790 5,792 5,801 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... 34.6 34.1 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.2 34.3 34.3 Goods-producing......................... 41.2 39.6 40.6 40.7 41.0 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.4 Mining................................ 43.3 43.5 44.0 43.6 43.0 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.9 43.2 Construction.......................... 39.5 38.5 40.2 40.0 39.0 38.7 39.1 39.3 39.8 39.4 Manufacturing......................... 41.8 39.9 40.7 40.8 41.7 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.8 40.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 Durable goods........................ 42.4 40.1 41.1 41.1 42.2 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.0 40.9 Overtime hours.................... 4.9 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 Lumber and wood products............ 41.5 39.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.1 40.3 40.1 40.6 40.5 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.4 37.9 38.2 38.5 40.2 39.1 39.1 39.3 38.6 38.3 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.1 42.7 44.7 44.7 42.8 42.8 43.7 43.2 44.3 44.4 Primary metal industries............ 45.1 43.2 43.3 43.8 45.1 43.2 43.4 44.3 43.3 43.8 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 46.5 45.2 44.4 45.2 46.5 44.4 44.4 45.4 44.6 45.2 Fabricated metal products........... 43.0 40.2 41.5 41.2 42.7 41.7 41.9 42.0 41.5 41.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.3 39.9 40.7 40.6 42.3 41.0 41.2 41.3 40.6 40.5 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.2 38.5 38.9 39.0 41.2 40.3 40.1 39.8 39.1 39.0 Transportation equipment............ 43.9 40.8 42.7 42.4 43.6 42.0 42.0 42.4 42.4 42.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.3 41.4 43.8 43.6 44.7 42.0 42.3 43.3 43.6 43.0 Instruments and related products.... 41.4 40.2 40.8 40.7 41.5 41.1 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.0 37.4 38.0 38.6 39.0 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.0 38.6 Nondurable goods..................... 40.8 39.6 40.2 40.4 40.8 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.5 Overtime hours.................... 4.4 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 Food and kindred products........... 41.8 39.9 40.7 41.1 41.9 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.2 Tobacco products.................... 41.7 39.2 38.8 41.0 40.8 39.8 40.0 41.1 38.5 40.1 Textile mill products............... 41.3 39.3 40.4 40.7 41.1 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.4 40.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 38.2 36.7 38.0 37.9 37.9 37.6 37.5 38.0 37.9 37.6 Paper and allied products........... 42.4 41.1 42.0 42.3 42.6 41.7 41.8 42.0 42.3 42.5 Printing and publishing............. 38.2 37.6 37.8 38.1 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.2 38.1 38.3 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.0 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.6 42.3 42.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 41.7 43.7 41.6 43.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.5 39.7 40.6 40.8 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.8 40.6 40.6 Leather and leather products........ 37.9 35.6 36.0 36.1 37.4 36.4 36.1 36.6 35.8 35.6 Service-producing....................... 32.9 32.8 32.6 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 38.5 38.2 38.0 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.3 Wholesale trade....................... 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.3 Retail trade.......................... 29.3 28.8 28.7 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.2 36.7 35.9 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5 Services.............................. 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.8 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry June Apr. May June June Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... $13.63 $14.27 $14.22 $14.20 $471.60 $486.61 $486.32 $488.48 Seasonally adjusted............. 13.72 14.21 14.25 14.29 473.34 485.98 488.78 490.15 Goods-producing......................... 15.34 15.76 15.84 15.92 632.01 624.10 643.10 647.94 Mining................................ 17.15 17.60 17.48 17.68 742.60 765.60 769.12 770.85 Construction.......................... 17.73 18.07 18.17 18.23 700.34 695.70 730.43 729.20 Manufacturing......................... 14.33 14.74 14.75 14.80 598.99 588.13 600.33 603.84 Durable goods........................ 14.76 15.14 15.19 15.24 625.82 607.11 624.31 626.36 Lumber and wood products............ 11.93 12.13 12.16 12.17 495.10 483.99 497.34 498.97 Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.70 12.07 12.09 12.24 472.68 457.45 461.84 471.24 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.47 14.96 15.09 15.24 623.66 638.79 674.52 681.23 Primary metal industries............ 16.46 16.90 16.80 16.93 742.35 730.08 727.44 741.53 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.00 20.37 20.23 20.31 930.00 920.72 898.21 918.01 Fabricated metal products........... 13.82 14.11 14.22 14.28 594.26 567.22 590.13 588.34 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.49 15.74 15.78 15.80 655.23 628.03 642.25 641.48 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.66 14.39 14.40 14.46 562.79 554.02 560.16 563.94 Transportation equipment............ 18.40 18.77 18.83 18.92 807.76 765.82 804.04 802.21 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.81 19.13 19.19 19.25 852.09 791.98 840.52 839.30 Instruments and related products.... 14.30 14.80 14.75 14.76 592.02 594.96 601.80 600.73 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.55 12.04 12.10 12.04 450.45 450.30 459.80 464.74 Nondurable goods..................... 13.65 14.12 14.08 14.14 556.92 559.15 566.02 571.26 Food and kindred products........... 12.51 12.79 12.82 12.86 522.92 510.32 521.77 528.55 Tobacco products.................... 22.52 22.59 22.80 22.90 939.08 885.53 884.64 938.90 Textile mill products............... 11.13 11.30 11.29 11.33 459.67 444.09 456.12 461.13 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.33 9.44 9.41 9.44 356.41 346.45 357.58 357.78 Paper and allied products........... 16.21 16.74 16.80 16.93 687.30 688.01 705.60 716.14 Printing and publishing............. 14.33 14.75 14.75 14.79 547.41 554.60 557.55 563.50 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.10 18.64 18.48 18.60 767.44 790.34 779.86 781.20 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.83 22.09 21.80 21.95 910.31 965.33 906.88 946.05 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.79 13.33 13.31 13.29 530.79 529.20 540.39 542.23 Leather and leather products........ 10.11 10.37 10.23 10.50 383.17 369.17 368.28 379.05 Service-producing....................... 13.09 13.83 13.73 13.68 430.66 453.62 447.60 450.07 Transportation and public utilities... 16.18 16.78 16.72 16.78 622.93 641.00 635.36 644.35 Wholesale trade....................... 15.12 15.86 15.66 15.69 582.12 607.44 598.21 600.93 Retail trade.......................... 9.39 9.78 9.78 9.77 275.13 281.66 280.69 283.33 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.93 15.81 15.74 15.67 540.47 580.23 565.07 567.25 Services.............................. 13.72 14.58 14.47 14.37 448.64 476.77 470.28 471.34 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from: May 2001- June 2001 Total private: Current dollars.............. $13.72 $14.11 $14.17 $14.21 $14.25 $14.29 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.92 7.95 7.94 7.93 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.35 15.74 15.79 15.78 15.86 15.92 .4 Mining...................... 17.29 17.52 17.55 17.53 17.53 17.82 1.7 Construction................ 17.80 18.30 18.33 18.15 18.22 18.30 .4 Manufacturing............... 14.35 14.63 14.66 14.72 14.78 14.82 .3 Excluding overtime4....... 13.60 13.94 13.96 14.04 14.09 14.14 .4 Service-producing............. 13.22 13.62 13.68 13.73 13.76 13.81 .4 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.26 16.64 16.68 16.74 16.78 16.86 .5 Wholesale trade............. 15.21 15.60 15.68 15.74 15.69 15.78 .6 Retail trade................ 9.44 9.69 9.72 9.74 9.79 9.83 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.04 15.55 15.61 15.64 15.72 15.78 .4 Services.................... 13.87 14.34 14.40 14.48 14.50 14.52 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from April 2001 to May 2001, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... 153.9 150.1 151.4 153.6 151.5 151.7 152.0 151.5 151.5 151.2 Goods-producing......................... 119.1 109.5 113.4 114.4 116.5 113.6 114.1 113.5 113.0 111.7 Mining................................ 52.2 53.7 55.3 55.9 51.1 53.2 54.5 55.0 55.5 54.8 Construction.......................... 192.8 181.0 196.9 202.3 182.3 186.9 191.0 190.0 193.1 190.6 Manufacturing......................... 107.4 97.5 98.9 99.1 106.6 101.5 101.2 100.7 99.2 98.2 Durable goods........................ 113.5 102.1 103.8 103.4 112.3 106.4 105.9 105.4 103.6 102.2 Lumber and wood products............ 152.0 134.3 138.6 141.0 148.1 137.4 137.7 137.2 138.2 137.3 Furniture and fixtures.............. 142.4 128.7 127.7 127.4 141.5 133.7 133.7 133.1 129.5 126.7 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 121.2 116.4 122.4 123.3 118.0 117.2 119.7 118.3 120.5 120.2 Primary metal industries............ 93.6 84.7 84.0 84.3 93.5 87.0 86.2 87.0 84.2 84.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 73.4 67.0 65.3 66.6 73.0 67.0 66.6 67.6 65.6 66.1 Fabricated metal products........... 124.8 111.5 114.0 113.5 123.2 117.1 117.1 116.9 114.3 112.3 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 104.0 93.4 94.4 93.2 103.3 98.3 97.0 96.3 93.8 92.4 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 109.1 97.3 96.5 95.2 109.2 105.2 103.4 100.9 97.4 95.3 Transportation equipment............ 126.7 110.1 114.1 112.9 124.0 113.5 113.1 113.8 112.9 110.3 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 171.8 143.3 149.6 148.2 166.6 146.4 146.0 149.0 147.9 143.4 Instruments and related products.... 76.1 73.1 74.0 73.9 75.8 75.7 75.2 74.7 74.0 73.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.6 93.1 93.3 95.3 99.5 94.9 95.3 95.3 93.7 95.2 Nondurable goods..................... 99.1 91.2 92.3 93.1 98.7 94.8 94.7 94.1 93.2 92.8 Food and kindred products........... 117.4 109.3 111.7 114.2 118.2 115.4 115.9 116.0 114.9 115.1 Tobacco products.................... 49.2 43.5 42.8 44.8 52.6 43.4 45.6 46.8 45.8 47.6 Textile mill products............... 76.8 66.6 67.1 67.0 76.0 69.7 69.5 68.5 67.0 66.3 Apparel and other textile products.. 57.1 48.4 50.0 49.4 55.7 50.9 50.4 50.1 49.5 48.2 Paper and allied products........... 103.9 96.8 98.9 99.8 103.6 99.8 99.4 99.7 100.0 99.5 Printing and publishing............. 120.9 114.5 114.2 115.2 121.2 119.0 119.2 116.5 115.6 115.6 Chemicals and allied products....... 100.4 98.5 97.9 97.4 100.0 99.0 98.9 98.7 97.8 97.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 71.9 72.7 69.8 74.2 70.4 70.0 69.5 72.9 69.9 72.8 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 151.0 134.5 137.2 137.9 149.3 140.6 140.4 138.4 137.2 136.3 Leather and leather products........ 32.3 27.4 27.7 27.2 31.0 29.1 28.8 28.1 27.5 26.3 Service-producing....................... 169.5 168.4 168.4 171.2 167.2 168.9 169.1 168.5 168.8 169.0 Transportation and public utilities... 138.3 138.9 138.9 140.8 137.4 140.3 139.9 139.4 139.7 139.9 Wholesale trade....................... 133.2 131.1 131.1 132.3 132.1 131.4 132.0 131.4 131.0 131.2 Retail trade.......................... 149.2 144.7 146.1 148.8 145.8 146.8 146.0 146.7 146.4 145.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.4 141.2 139.1 141.5 138.9 139.8 140.0 140.2 140.2 141.1 Services.............................. 212.5 212.7 212.5 215.9 209.7 212.5 213.4 211.8 212.8 213.3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2 1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4 1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8 2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2 2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 p46.0 p44.6 Over 3-month span: 1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5 1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2 1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6 2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3 2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 p48.7 p42.4 Over 6-month span: 1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7 1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9 1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9 2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2 2001.............. 52.0 p50.3 p48.2 Over 12-month span: 1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7 1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8 1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9 2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 p52.3 p51.8 2001.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8 1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4 1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7 2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1 2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 p30.5 p30.5 Over 3-month span: 1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3 1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8 1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0 2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7 2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 p26.8 p20.2 Over 6-month span: 1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8 1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2 1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5 2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9 2001.............. 26.8 p25.4 p19.5 Over 12-month span: 1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5 2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 p23.2 p21.0 2001.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.