Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 05-788 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, May 6, 2005. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2005 Employment rose in April, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 5.2 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor re- ported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 274,000 over the month. Job growth was widespread, with gains in construction, mining, and several service-providing industries. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 7.7 million, and the unemployment rate, 5.2 percent, were unchanged in April. The jobless rate was down from 5.5 percent a year earlier. Over the month, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.4 percent), adult women (4.6 percent), teenagers (17.7 percent), whites (4.4 percent), and blacks (10.4 percent) showed little or no change. After declining in March, the unemployment rate for Hispanics or Latinos increased to 6.4 percent, the same as in February. The jobless rate for Asians was 3.9 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of long-term unemployed--those unemployed 27 weeks and over-- was about unchanged over the month. This group accounted for 21.2 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-9.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment grew by 598,000 in April to 141.1 million, and the employ- ment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and over with jobs--edged up to 62.6 percent. The civilian labor force increased by 605,000 in April to 148.8 million; the labor force participation rate, at 66.0 percent, also was up over the month. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) There were 1.5 million persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in April, about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, at 393,000 in April, declined over the year. Discouraged workers, a subset of the mar- ginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.1 million mar- ginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school at- tendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Mar.- Category | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | Apr. |________|________|__________________________|change | IV | I | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 148,136| 148,089| 148,132| 148,157| 148,762| 605 Employment.............| 140,092| 140,296| 140,144| 140,501| 141,099| 598 Unemployment...........| 8,044| 7,794| 7,988| 7,656| 7,663| 7 Not in labor force.......| 76,282| 76,949| 76,909| 77,079| 76,679| -400 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 5.4| 5.3| 5.4| 5.2| 5.2| 0.0 Adult men..............| 4.9| 4.7| 4.9| 4.6| 4.4| -.2 Adult women............| 4.7| 4.6| 4.7| 4.5| 4.6| .1 Teenagers..............| 17.1| 16.9| 17.5| 16.9| 17.7| .8 White..................| 4.6| 4.5| 4.6| 4.4| 4.4| .0 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 10.8| 10.6| 10.9| 10.3| 10.4| .1 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 6.7| 6.1| 6.4| 5.7| 6.4| .7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 132,302|p132,822| 132,873|p133,019|p133,293| p274 Goods-producing(1).....| 22,000| p22,055| 22,066| p22,095| p22,140| p45 Construction.........| 7,063| p7,128| 7,133| p7,162| p7,209| p47 Manufacturing........| 14,338| p14,314| 14,321| p14,314| p14,308| p-6 Service-providing(1)...| 110,302|p110,767| 110,807|p110,924|p111,153| p229 Retail trade(2)......| 15,072| p15,110| 15,125| p15,123| p15,148| p24 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,633| p16,759| 16,775| p16,807| p16,843| p36 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 17,110| p17,191| 17,186| p17,209| p17,244| p35 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,569| p12,645| 12,650| p12,674| p12,732| p58 Government...........| 21,702| p21,725| 21,733| p21,732| p21,750| p18 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work(3) |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.7| p33.7| 33.7| p33.7| p33.9| p0.2 Manufacturing..........| 40.6| p40.6| 40.6| p40.4| p40.5| p.1 Overtime.............| 4.5| p4.5| 4.6| p4.5| p4.5| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3) |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 101.2| p101.7| 101.8| p101.9| p102.8| p0.9 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings(3) |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.83| p$15.92| $15.91| p$15.95| p$16.00| p$0.05 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 533.89| p536.51| 536.17| p537.52| p542.40| p4.88 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 274,000, seasonally adjusted, to 133.3 million in April. This followed gains of 300,000 in February and 146,000 in March (as revised). In April, notable increases occurred in several industries, including construction, mining, food services, and health care. (See table B-1.) Within the goods-producing sector, construction employment rose by 47,000 in April, with specialty trade contractors accounting for the bulk of the growth (40,000). Heavy and civil engineering construction also added 8,000 jobs over the month. Since its most recent low in March 2003, construction industry employment has grown by 551,000. In April, employment in mining increased by 8,000. The industry has added 31,000 jobs over the past 6 months; support activities for oil and gas opera- tions has accounted for most of this increase. Employment in manufacturing was little changed in April at 14.3 million, with small and offsetting movements among several of its components. Long- term employment declines continued in furniture and related products and in textile mills. In the service-providing sector, leisure and hospitality gained 58,000 jobs in April, including 35,000 in food services and drinking places. Em- ployment edged up in arts, entertainment, and recreation (16,000). Since its most recent low in June 2002, employment in leisure and hospitality has expanded by 823,000, with four-fifths of the gain occurring in food services. Health care employment continued to increase in April, rising by 25,000. Over the past year, this industry has gained 240,000 jobs. In April, job growth was concentrated in offices of physicians (9,000) and hospitals (10,000). The information industry added 12,000 jobs over the month. Within infor- mation, the motion picture and sound recording industries gained 9,000 jobs. Employment in telecommunications grew by 7,000 in April; it had shown little movement from November through March after trending down for nearly 4 years. Employment in professional and technical services continued to trend upward in April, increasing by 18,000. Since its recent low in August 2003, this industry has gained 343,000 jobs. Financial activities employment also con- tinued its upward trend, with a gain of 17,000 in April. Within transporta- tion and warehousing, small employment gains in trucking, transit, and cou- riers were partially offset by a decline of 5,000 jobs in air transportation. Retail trade employment edged up over the month. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour to 33.9 hours in April, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, while manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) - 4 - The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.9 percent in April to 102.8 (2002=100). The manufacturing index was up by 0.2 percent over the month to 93.7. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on pri- vate nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents in April to $16.00, seasonally ad- justed. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.9 percent over the month to $542.40. Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings grew by 2.7 and 3.3 percent, respectively. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for May 2005 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).  - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa- tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house- holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish- ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro- fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 6 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri- vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method- ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur- veys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in- dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef- fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua- tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad- justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non- seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. - 7 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en- tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand- ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc- curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti- mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im- prove the stability of the monthly estimates. - 8 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.05 percent to 0.5 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order pay- able to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 222,757 225,236 225,441 222,757 224,640 224,837 225,041 225,236 225,441 Civilian labor force............................ 146,260 147,745 148,274 146,788 148,203 147,979 148,132 148,157 148,762 Participation rate........................ 65.7 65.6 65.8 65.9 66.0 65.8 65.8 65.8 66.0 Employed...................................... 138,423 139,759 140,939 138,645 140,156 140,241 140,144 140,501 141,099 Employment-population ratio............... 62.1 62.0 62.5 62.2 62.4 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.6 Unemployed.................................... 7,837 7,986 7,335 8,143 8,047 7,737 7,988 7,656 7,663 Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 5.4 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 Not in labor force.............................. 76,497 77,492 77,167 75,969 76,437 76,858 76,909 77,079 76,679 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,598 4,858 5,022 4,720 5,021 4,982 4,995 5,001 5,134 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,392 108,703 108,812 107,392 108,392 108,489 108,598 108,703 108,812 Civilian labor force............................ 78,147 79,242 79,448 78,555 79,412 79,146 79,373 79,598 79,839 Participation rate........................ 72.8 72.9 73.0 73.1 73.3 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.4 Employed...................................... 73,774 74,612 75,456 74,104 74,938 74,934 74,964 75,375 75,735 Employment-population ratio............... 68.7 68.6 69.3 69.0 69.1 69.1 69.0 69.3 69.6 Unemployed.................................... 4,373 4,631 3,992 4,451 4,474 4,212 4,410 4,224 4,104 Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.8 5.0 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 29,244 29,460 29,363 28,836 28,981 29,342 29,224 29,104 28,973 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,170 100,419 100,520 99,170 100,126 100,219 100,321 100,419 100,520 Civilian labor force............................ 74,806 75,802 76,068 74,908 75,754 75,594 75,816 75,921 76,173 Participation rate........................ 75.4 75.5 75.7 75.5 75.7 75.4 75.6 75.6 75.8 Employed...................................... 71,060 71,893 72,770 71,158 72,020 72,029 72,131 72,429 72,817 Employment-population ratio............... 71.7 71.6 72.4 71.8 71.9 71.9 71.9 72.1 72.4 Unemployed.................................... 3,746 3,909 3,297 3,751 3,733 3,565 3,685 3,492 3,356 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.2 4.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.4 Not in labor force.............................. 24,364 24,616 24,452 24,261 24,372 24,625 24,505 24,498 24,347 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 115,365 116,534 116,629 115,365 116,247 116,348 116,443 116,534 116,629 Civilian labor force............................ 68,112 68,503 68,826 68,233 68,791 68,832 68,759 68,559 68,923 Participation rate........................ 59.0 58.8 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.2 59.0 58.8 59.1 Employed...................................... 64,649 65,147 65,483 64,541 65,218 65,307 65,180 65,127 65,364 Employment-population ratio............... 56.0 55.9 56.1 55.9 56.1 56.1 56.0 55.9 56.0 Unemployed.................................... 3,464 3,356 3,343 3,692 3,573 3,525 3,579 3,432 3,558 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 Not in labor force.............................. 47,253 48,031 47,803 47,133 47,456 47,516 47,684 47,975 47,706 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,389 108,486 108,573 107,389 108,221 108,316 108,403 108,486 108,573 Civilian labor force............................ 64,853 65,225 65,513 64,776 65,260 65,318 65,270 65,051 65,420 Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.1 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.2 60.0 60.3 Employed...................................... 61,841 62,295 62,644 61,591 62,208 62,295 62,202 62,099 62,384 Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 57.4 57.7 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,012 2,930 2,869 3,185 3,051 3,023 3,068 2,952 3,036 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 Not in labor force.............................. 42,536 43,261 43,060 42,613 42,961 42,998 43,133 43,435 43,153 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,198 16,332 16,347 16,198 16,293 16,302 16,317 16,332 16,347 Civilian labor force............................ 6,600 6,718 6,693 7,104 7,189 7,066 7,046 7,185 7,168 Participation rate........................ 40.7 41.1 40.9 43.9 44.1 43.3 43.2 44.0 43.9 Employed...................................... 5,522 5,570 5,524 5,897 5,927 5,917 5,811 5,973 5,897 Employment-population ratio............... 34.1 34.1 33.8 36.4 36.4 36.3 35.6 36.6 36.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,078 1,147 1,169 1,207 1,262 1,150 1,235 1,212 1,271 Unemployment rate......................... 16.3 17.1 17.5 17.0 17.6 16.3 17.5 16.9 17.7 Not in labor force.............................. 9,597 9,614 9,654 9,094 9,104 9,235 9,271 9,147 9,179 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 182,252 183,888 184,015 182,252 183,483 183,640 183,767 183,888 184,015 Civilian labor force............................ 120,317 121,193 121,578 120,713 121,509 121,553 121,621 121,484 121,961 Participation rate.......................... 66.0 65.9 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.2 66.2 66.1 66.3 Employed...................................... 114,557 115,529 116,395 114,779 115,910 116,158 116,022 116,135 116,574 Employment-population ratio................. 62.9 62.8 63.3 63.0 63.2 63.3 63.1 63.2 63.4 Unemployed.................................... 5,760 5,664 5,184 5,934 5,600 5,395 5,598 5,349 5,387 Unemployment rate........................... 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.4 Not in labor force.............................. 61,935 62,695 62,437 61,539 61,973 62,088 62,146 62,403 62,054 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 62,620 63,355 63,488 62,688 63,199 63,259 63,390 63,497 63,562 Participation rate.......................... 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.1 76.1 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.3 Employed...................................... 59,787 60,460 61,119 59,868 60,570 60,712 60,776 60,965 61,162 Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 72.6 73.3 72.7 72.9 73.0 73.0 73.2 73.4 Unemployed.................................... 2,833 2,894 2,369 2,819 2,629 2,547 2,614 2,532 2,399 Unemployment rate........................... 4.5 4.6 3.7 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,097 52,287 52,528 52,044 52,385 52,414 52,311 52,055 52,463 Participation rate.......................... 59.7 59.4 59.7 59.6 59.7 59.7 59.5 59.2 59.6 Employed...................................... 50,020 50,333 50,546 49,865 50,344 50,392 50,246 50,096 50,386 Employment-population ratio................. 57.3 57.2 57.4 57.1 57.3 57.4 57.2 56.9 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 2,077 1,954 1,981 2,178 2,040 2,022 2,066 1,959 2,077 Unemployment rate........................... 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,600 5,551 5,563 5,981 5,926 5,879 5,919 5,932 5,936 Participation rate.......................... 44.5 43.9 43.9 47.5 46.9 46.5 46.8 46.9 46.9 Employed...................................... 4,749 4,736 4,729 5,045 4,995 5,054 5,001 5,074 5,026 Employment-population ratio................. 37.7 37.4 37.4 40.1 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.1 39.7 Unemployed.................................... 851 815 834 936 931 825 918 858 910 Unemployment rate........................... 15.2 14.7 15.0 15.7 15.7 14.0 15.5 14.5 15.3 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,967 26,377 26,413 25,967 26,273 26,306 26,342 26,377 26,413 Civilian labor force............................ 16,374 16,673 16,783 16,505 16,713 16,721 16,708 16,741 16,940 Participation rate.......................... 63.1 63.2 63.5 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.4 63.5 64.1 Employed...................................... 14,856 14,917 15,150 14,893 14,907 14,946 14,890 15,025 15,184 Employment-population ratio................. 57.2 56.6 57.4 57.4 56.7 56.8 56.5 57.0 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,518 1,756 1,633 1,612 1,806 1,775 1,818 1,716 1,756 Unemployment rate........................... 9.3 10.5 9.7 9.8 10.8 10.6 10.9 10.3 10.4 Not in labor force.............................. 9,593 9,704 9,631 9,462 9,559 9,585 9,634 9,636 9,473 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,256 7,388 7,488 7,315 7,473 7,380 7,438 7,403 7,555 Participation rate.......................... 69.7 69.7 70.5 70.2 70.8 69.8 70.3 69.8 71.2 Employed...................................... 6,602 6,660 6,829 6,633 6,677 6,612 6,630 6,719 6,849 Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 62.8 64.3 63.7 63.3 62.6 62.6 63.4 64.5 Unemployed.................................... 654 728 659 682 796 768 809 684 706 Unemployment rate........................... 9.0 9.9 8.8 9.3 10.7 10.4 10.9 9.2 9.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,512 8,497 8,557 8,507 8,477 8,532 8,527 8,507 8,552 Participation rate.......................... 64.8 63.8 64.2 64.8 63.9 64.2 64.1 63.9 64.1 Employed...................................... 7,809 7,736 7,842 7,772 7,702 7,770 7,751 7,746 7,798 Employment-population ratio................. 59.4 58.1 58.8 59.2 58.0 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.5 Unemployed.................................... 703 761 715 736 775 763 776 761 754 Unemployment rate........................... 8.3 9.0 8.4 8.6 9.1 8.9 9.1 8.9 8.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 606 788 738 683 763 808 742 831 833 Participation rate.......................... 25.1 32.0 29.9 28.3 31.2 33.0 30.2 33.8 33.8 Employed...................................... 445 521 479 489 528 564 509 560 537 Employment-population ratio................. 18.4 21.2 19.4 20.3 21.6 23.0 20.7 22.8 21.8 Unemployed.................................... 161 267 259 194 235 244 233 271 296 Unemployment rate........................... 26.6 33.8 35.1 28.4 30.8 30.2 31.5 32.6 35.5 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,444 9,732 9,763 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,230 6,423 6,411 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 66.0 66.0 65.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 5,956 6,175 6,160 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.4 63.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 274 248 251 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 4.4 3.9 3.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,214 3,309 3,352 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 27,879 28,815 28,902 27,879 28,608 28,642 28,729 28,815 28,902 Civilian labor force............................ 19,080 19,531 19,670 19,081 19,544 19,379 19,458 19,541 19,665 Participation rate.......................... 68.4 67.8 68.1 68.4 68.3 67.7 67.7 67.8 68.0 Employed...................................... 17,798 18,331 18,485 17,724 18,252 18,198 18,211 18,425 18,413 Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 63.6 64.0 63.6 63.8 63.5 63.4 63.9 63.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,283 1,200 1,186 1,358 1,292 1,181 1,248 1,117 1,252 Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 6.1 6.0 7.1 6.6 6.1 6.4 5.7 6.4 Not in labor force.............................. 8,798 9,284 9,231 8,797 9,064 9,263 9,270 9,273 9,237 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 10,963 11,303 11,343 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 84.5 84.2 84.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 10,304 10,706 10,794 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 79.5 79.7 80.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 658 597 548 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.0 5.3 4.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,242 7,264 7,341 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 58.8 57.1 57.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,780 6,842 6,888 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 55.0 53.8 54.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 462 422 454 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 5.8 6.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 876 964 986 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 33.8 36.2 37.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 714 783 802 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 27.5 29.4 30.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 162 181 183 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 18.5 18.8 18.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,258 12,481 12,658 12,025 12,814 12,575 12,581 12,501 12,474 Participation rate.................... 45.1 45.0 45.2 44.3 45.0 44.7 45.4 45.0 44.6 Employed................................ 11,271 11,377 11,668 10,983 11,746 11,637 11,595 11,528 11,429 Employment-population ratio........... 41.5 41.0 41.7 40.4 41.3 41.4 41.9 41.5 40.8 Unemployed.............................. 987 1,104 991 1,042 1,068 938 986 973 1,045 Unemployment rate..................... 8.1 8.8 7.8 8.7 8.3 7.5 7.8 7.8 8.4 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 37,627 38,339 38,360 37,721 37,695 37,729 38,077 38,173 38,265 Participation rate.................... 62.6 62.9 63.2 62.8 63.1 62.2 62.7 62.6 63.0 Employed................................ 35,651 36,345 36,681 35,754 35,846 35,943 36,223 36,378 36,586 Employment-population ratio........... 59.3 59.6 60.4 59.5 60.0 59.2 59.7 59.7 60.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,976 1,994 1,679 1,967 1,849 1,786 1,854 1,795 1,679 Unemployment rate..................... 5.3 5.2 4.4 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.4 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 34,446 34,879 34,783 34,519 34,483 34,524 34,842 34,863 34,860 Participation rate.................... 72.8 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.3 73.0 72.4 72.9 73.2 Employed................................ 33,051 33,459 33,459 33,100 32,995 33,117 33,387 33,484 33,489 Employment-population ratio........... 69.8 70.0 70.3 69.9 69.2 70.0 69.4 70.0 70.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,394 1,421 1,324 1,419 1,487 1,407 1,455 1,380 1,371 Unemployment rate..................... 4.0 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 40,359 40,537 41,004 40,144 41,026 40,907 40,534 40,395 40,788 Participation rate.................... 78.0 77.8 78.1 77.5 78.7 78.4 78.0 77.5 77.7 Employed................................ 39,265 39,589 40,061 38,982 40,009 39,925 39,563 39,411 39,784 Employment-population ratio........... 75.8 76.0 76.3 75.3 76.7 76.5 76.2 75.7 75.8 Unemployed.............................. 1,094 948 944 1,162 1,018 982 972 985 1,004 Unemployment rate..................... 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,220 2,025 2,223 2,261 2,179 2,120 2,145 2,187 2,252 Wage and salary workers................ 1,252 1,090 1,175 1,284 1,185 1,181 1,208 1,224 1,207 Self-employed workers.................. 944 914 1,025 951 963 904 903 948 1,023 Unpaid family workers.................. 24 21 23 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 136,203 137,734 138,716 136,427 137,973 138,112 138,005 138,293 138,869 Wage and salary workers................ 126,989 128,138 128,821 127,081 128,459 128,501 128,184 128,400 128,834 Government........................... 20,117 20,483 20,680 19,920 20,270 20,296 20,106 20,249 20,429 Private industries................... 106,872 107,654 108,141 107,145 108,257 108,219 107,978 108,085 108,353 Private households................. 727 762 777 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 106,145 106,893 107,365 106,377 107,492 107,414 107,162 107,286 107,534 Self-employed workers.................. 9,139 9,498 9,808 9,251 9,473 9,514 9,709 9,767 9,895 Unpaid family workers.................. 75 98 87 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,411 4,514 4,150 4,557 4,474 4,395 4,269 4,344 4,293 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,745 2,795 2,534 2,813 2,735 2,768 2,629 2,643 2,613 Could only find part-time work....... 1,429 1,455 1,351 1,431 1,440 1,329 1,296 1,419 1,363 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,568 19,955 20,350 19,130 19,502 19,089 19,555 19,458 19,584 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,325 4,433 4,050 4,451 4,382 4,303 4,153 4,268 4,186 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,687 2,745 2,462 2,747 2,682 2,702 2,572 2,592 2,540 Could only find part-time work....... 1,419 1,439 1,342 1,425 1,397 1,309 1,268 1,411 1,351 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,263 19,638 19,971 18,844 19,176 18,765 19,254 19,182 19,226 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 138,423 139,759 140,939 138,645 140,156 140,241 140,144 140,501 141,099 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,522 5,570 5,524 5,897 5,927 5,917 5,811 5,973 5,897 16 to 17 years................................ 2,032 2,101 2,040 2,230 2,261 2,267 2,286 2,339 2,235 18 to 19 years................................ 3,490 3,469 3,485 3,660 3,691 3,634 3,533 3,651 3,654 20 years and over............................... 132,901 134,188 135,414 132,748 134,229 134,325 134,333 134,528 135,201 20 to 24 years................................ 13,662 13,419 13,546 13,771 13,851 13,702 13,531 13,684 13,653 25 years and over............................. 119,239 120,769 121,868 119,023 120,421 120,669 120,758 120,775 121,503 25 to 54 years.............................. 97,387 97,789 98,469 97,235 97,701 98,049 97,986 97,954 98,246 25 to 34 years............................ 30,376 30,228 30,570 30,351 30,504 30,683 30,581 30,400 30,519 35 to 44 years............................ 34,606 34,575 34,724 34,475 34,632 34,589 34,524 34,587 34,588 45 to 54 years............................ 32,406 32,986 33,176 32,408 32,566 32,776 32,881 32,968 33,139 55 years and over........................... 21,851 22,980 23,399 21,788 22,719 22,620 22,772 22,821 23,257 Men, 16 years and over............................ 73,774 74,612 75,456 74,104 74,938 74,934 74,964 75,375 75,735 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,714 2,718 2,686 2,947 2,917 2,905 2,833 2,946 2,918 16 to 17 years................................ 925 997 1,007 1,033 1,049 1,068 1,057 1,130 1,123 18 to 19 years................................ 1,789 1,721 1,679 1,901 1,862 1,825 1,779 1,828 1,794 20 years and over............................... 71,060 71,893 72,770 71,158 72,020 72,029 72,131 72,429 72,817 20 to 24 years................................ 7,171 7,028 7,098 7,230 7,354 7,181 7,131 7,193 7,161 25 years and over............................. 63,889 64,865 65,673 63,922 64,704 64,900 65,012 65,201 65,602 25 to 54 years.............................. 52,288 52,572 53,108 52,342 52,563 52,840 52,837 52,933 53,104 25 to 34 years............................ 16,693 16,580 16,875 16,719 16,818 16,902 16,905 16,795 16,887 35 to 44 years............................ 18,680 18,681 18,771 18,671 18,719 18,769 18,723 18,798 18,765 45 to 54 years............................ 16,915 17,310 17,462 16,951 17,026 17,169 17,208 17,340 17,451 55 years and over........................... 11,601 12,293 12,564 11,581 12,141 12,061 12,175 12,267 12,498 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,649 65,147 65,483 64,541 65,218 65,307 65,180 65,127 65,364 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,808 2,852 2,839 2,950 3,010 3,012 2,978 3,028 2,980 16 to 17 years................................ 1,106 1,104 1,033 1,197 1,212 1,199 1,229 1,209 1,112 18 to 19 years................................ 1,701 1,748 1,805 1,759 1,830 1,809 1,754 1,823 1,860 20 years and over............................... 61,841 62,295 62,644 61,591 62,208 62,295 62,202 62,099 62,384 20 to 24 years................................ 6,491 6,391 6,449 6,541 6,497 6,521 6,400 6,491 6,491 25 years and over............................. 55,350 55,904 56,196 55,100 55,716 55,769 55,746 55,575 55,901 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,100 45,217 45,361 44,893 45,138 45,209 45,149 45,021 45,142 25 to 34 years............................ 13,682 13,647 13,695 13,632 13,686 13,782 13,676 13,604 13,632 35 to 44 years............................ 15,926 15,894 15,953 15,804 15,912 15,820 15,800 15,789 15,822 45 to 54 years............................ 15,492 15,676 15,714 15,457 15,540 15,608 15,673 15,628 15,688 55 years and over........................... 10,250 10,687 10,834 10,208 10,578 10,560 10,597 10,554 10,759 Married men, spouse present....................... 44,637 45,199 45,406 44,759 45,315 45,171 45,351 45,382 45,482 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,488 34,431 34,622 34,375 34,878 34,739 34,601 34,307 34,539 Women who maintain families....................... 8,765 8,909 8,919 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 113,386 114,431 115,888 114,147 115,585 115,858 115,370 115,669 116,524 Part-time workers (3)............................. 25,037 25,328 25,050 24,480 24,728 24,220 24,626 24,727 24,553 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,143 7,656 7,663 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,207 1,212 1,271 17.0 17.6 16.3 17.5 16.9 17.7 16 to 17 years................................ 575 564 557 20.5 20.6 19.3 20.6 19.4 19.9 18 to 19 years................................ 629 642 745 14.7 15.4 14.4 15.5 15.0 16.9 20 years and over............................... 6,936 6,444 6,392 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 20 to 24 years................................ 1,397 1,357 1,335 9.2 8.9 9.5 10.0 9.0 8.9 25 years and over............................. 5,556 5,088 5,055 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,661 4,284 4,195 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 25 to 34 years............................ 1,753 1,718 1,692 5.5 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 35 to 44 years............................ 1,592 1,397 1,397 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 45 to 54 years............................ 1,316 1,169 1,106 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2 55 years and over........................... 850 831 849 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,451 4,224 4,104 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.1 16 to 19 years.................................. 700 732 748 19.2 20.3 18.2 20.4 19.9 20.4 16 to 17 years................................ 314 336 321 23.3 24.3 22.0 25.0 22.9 22.2 18 to 19 years................................ 378 388 446 16.6 17.8 16.1 17.7 17.5 19.9 20 years and over............................... 3,751 3,492 3,356 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.4 20 to 24 years................................ 806 770 754 10.0 9.0 10.2 11.3 9.7 9.5 25 years and over............................. 2,942 2,747 2,595 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,470 2,290 2,135 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.9 25 to 34 years............................ 974 914 895 5.5 5.7 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.0 35 to 44 years............................ 817 754 691 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.6 45 to 54 years............................ 679 622 549 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.0 55 years and over........................... 472 458 460 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,692 3,432 3,558 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 16 to 19 years.................................. 506 480 523 14.7 14.8 14.3 14.6 13.7 14.9 16 to 17 years................................ 260 228 236 17.9 17.2 16.8 16.5 15.8 17.5 18 to 19 years................................ 251 254 299 12.5 12.9 12.7 13.2 12.2 13.9 20 years and over............................... 3,185 2,952 3,036 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 20 to 24 years................................ 591 587 581 8.3 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.2 25 years and over............................. 2,614 2,341 2,460 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,191 1,994 2,060 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 25 to 34 years............................ 780 804 797 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.5 35 to 44 years............................ 774 643 706 4.7 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.3 45 to 54 years............................ 637 547 557 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 55 years and over (2)....................... 349 356 359 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,448 1,390 1,247 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,310 1,064 1,169 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 Women who maintain families (2)................... 710 772 748 7.5 7.1 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.7 Full-time workers (3)............................. 6,762 6,224 6,315 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.1 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,370 1,406 1,371 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 4,253 4,067 3,559 4,322 4,108 4,048 3,980 3,784 3,675 On temporary layoff............................. 943 1,181 781 993 965 966 965 961 838 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,311 2,885 2,779 3,329 3,144 3,082 3,015 2,823 2,837 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,560 2,113 2,020 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 750 772 758 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 796 872 864 835 898 819 965 855 897 Reentrants........................................ 2,199 2,427 2,232 2,310 2,361 2,324 2,405 2,364 2,356 New entrants...................................... 589 620 680 650 709 624 745 711 747 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 54.3 50.9 48.5 53.2 50.9 51.8 49.2 49.1 47.9 On temporary layoff............................ 12.0 14.8 10.6 12.2 11.9 12.4 11.9 12.5 10.9 Not on temporary layoff........................ 42.2 36.1 37.9 41.0 38.9 39.4 37.2 36.6 37.0 Job leavers...................................... 10.2 10.9 11.8 10.3 11.1 10.5 11.9 11.1 11.7 Reentrants....................................... 28.1 30.4 30.4 28.5 29.2 29.7 29.7 30.6 30.7 New entrants..................................... 7.5 7.8 9.3 8.0 8.8 8.0 9.2 9.2 9.7 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,439 2,274 2,365 2,772 2,865 2,599 2,755 2,531 2,666 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,159 2,553 2,050 2,370 2,264 2,343 2,317 2,319 2,268 15 weeks and over................................. 3,239 3,160 2,920 2,956 2,961 2,824 2,888 2,817 2,698 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,363 1,443 1,242 1,165 1,325 1,201 1,255 1,165 1,083 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,876 1,717 1,677 1,791 1,636 1,623 1,633 1,652 1,615 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 21.0 20.4 21.1 19.7 19.3 19.3 19.1 19.5 19.6 Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.0 10.7 10.4 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.3 8.9 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 31.1 28.5 32.2 34.2 35.4 33.5 34.6 33.0 34.9 5 to 14 weeks................................... 27.5 32.0 27.9 29.3 28.0 30.2 29.1 30.3 29.7 15 weeks and over............................... 41.3 39.6 39.8 36.5 36.6 36.4 36.3 36.7 35.4 15 to 26 weeks................................ 17.4 18.1 16.9 14.4 16.4 15.5 15.8 15.2 14.2 27 weeks and over............................. 23.9 21.5 22.9 22.1 20.2 20.9 20.5 21.5 21.2 NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2004 2005 2004 2005 2004 2005 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 138,423 140,939 7,837 7,335 5.4 4.9 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 48,667 49,132 1,300 1,101 2.6 2.2 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 20,100 20,288 557 454 2.7 2.2 Professional and related occupations........................... 28,567 28,844 743 647 2.5 2.2 Service occupations.............................................. 22,482 22,609 1,518 1,524 6.3 6.3 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,141 35,962 1,848 1,813 5.0 4.8 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,809 16,723 800 885 4.8 5.0 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,332 19,238 1,048 928 5.1 4.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 14,145 15,099 1,172 1,006 7.6 6.2 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 977 935 114 90 10.5 8.8 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 8,170 8,927 844 682 9.4 7.1 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,998 5,236 214 234 4.1 4.3 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 17,988 18,137 1,397 1,200 7.2 6.2 Production occupations......................................... 9,487 9,545 709 629 6.9 6.2 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,501 8,592 689 571 7.5 6.2 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2004 2005 2004 2005 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 7,837 7,335 5.4 4.9 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 6,466 5,821 5.7 5.1 Mining.......................................... 34 19 6.4 2.9 Construction.................................... 849 693 9.5 7.4 Manufacturing................................... 1,004 793 5.8 4.8 Durable goods................................. 598 450 5.6 4.3 Nondurable goods.............................. 406 343 6.2 5.6 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,248 1,131 6.1 5.4 Transportation and utilities.................... 239 257 4.5 4.7 Information..................................... 168 178 5.0 5.9 Financial activities............................ 312 255 3.4 2.7 Professional and business services.............. 752 714 6.0 5.7 Education and health services................... 589 591 3.3 3.3 Leisure and hospitality......................... 925 882 7.9 7.7 Other services.................................. 347 306 5.6 4.9 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 107 84 8.3 6.9 Government workers................................ 433 478 2.1 2.3 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 242 273 2.3 2.4 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 5.4 5.4 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.4 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 6.3 6.4 5.9 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 9.3 9.4 8.7 9.6 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.1 9.0 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2004 2005 2004 2005 2004 2005 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 76,497 77,167 29,244 29,363 47,253 47,803 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,598 5,022 2,131 2,235 2,466 2,787 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,526 1,511 782 784 743 728 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 492 393 313 270 179 122 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,034 1,119 469 513 565 605 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,239 7,437 3,675 3,758 3,564 3,680 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,869 3,849 2,142 2,119 1,727 1,731 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,633 1,708 551 578 1,082 1,130 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 275 301 188 176 87 125 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,417 1,551 760 872 657 679 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibili- ties, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2004 2005 2005p 2005p 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005p 2005p Mar. 2005- Apr. 2005p Total nonfarm......... 131,150 131,337 132,195 133,374 131,123 132,449 132,573 132,873 133,019 133,293 274 Total private........... 109,143 109,295 110,056 111,223 109,516 110,749 110,863 111,140 111,287 111,543 256 Goods-producing............. 21,623 21,473 21,656 21,950 21,825 22,022 22,004 22,066 22,095 22,140 45 Natural resources and mining.... 578 596 604 614 589 602 607 612 619 623 4 Logging...................... 63.9 65.7 64.9 58.6 69.8 67.9 68.0 67.3 69.2 64.7 -4.5 Mining......................... 513.8 530.5 539.0 554.9 519.2 534.4 538.7 545.0 550.1 558.2 8.1 Oil and gas extraction........ 122.0 121.8 122.3 123.7 122.5 124.1 123.4 122.5 123.5 124.0 .5 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 202.9 206.2 209.0 217.1 204.8 211.3 212.9 215.5 215.6 218.0 2.4 Coal mining.................. 69.4 75.4 75.5 76.1 70.4 73.9 75.4 76.1 76.1 76.7 .6 Support activities for mining. 188.9 202.5 207.7 214.1 191.9 199.0 202.4 207.0 211.0 216.2 5.2 Construction.................... 6,775 6,666 6,804 7,078 6,913 7,086 7,090 7,133 7,162 7,209 47 Construction of buildings..... 1,575.0 1,622.7 1,638.5 1,659.4 1,608.7 1,678.9 1,682.4 1,689.2 1,694.3 1,693.4 -.9 Residential building......... 859.8 894.3 906.5 917.5 875.9 927.4 929.1 931.4 936.1 934.2 -1.9 Nonresidential building...... 715.2 728.4 732.0 741.9 732.8 751.5 753.3 757.8 758.2 759.2 1.0 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 878.9 796.6 825.2 901.0 903.2 907.8 908.2 911.7 916.6 924.9 8.3 Specialty trade contractors... 4,321.1 4,246.6 4,339.9 4,517.9 4,401.5 4,499.2 4,499.6 4,531.8 4,550.7 4,591.0 40.3 Residential specialty trade contractors................. 2,055.0 2,019.8 2,062.3 2,145.9 2,086.6 2,125.5 2,128.2 2,144.9 2,154.8 2,172.0 17.2 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors........... 2,266.1 2,226.7 2,277.5 2,372.0 2,314.9 2,373.7 2,371.4 2,386.9 2,395.9 2,419.0 23.1 Manufacturing................... 14,270 14,211 14,248 14,258 14,323 14,334 14,307 14,321 14,314 14,308 -6 Production workers........... 10,024 9,998 10,025 10,035 10,064 10,097 10,082 10,085 10,085 10,076 -9 Durable goods.................. 8,893 8,911 8,929 8,952 8,902 8,957 8,942 8,962 8,957 8,959 2 Production workers........... 6,110 6,139 6,159 6,181 6,114 6,170 6,166 6,178 6,181 6,184 3 Wood products................. 540.1 543.9 546.8 547.2 544.9 555.2 554.7 553.6 555.3 552.7 -2.6 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 499.2 483.1 488.8 503.4 501.6 506.5 504.5 504.0 502.5 505.8 3.3 Primary metals................ 463.8 465.6 466.4 466.9 464.8 465.2 465.5 466.9 467.1 467.7 .6 Fabricated metal products..... 1,487.3 1,508.0 1,513.6 1,515.7 1,488.6 1,512.8 1,514.3 1,514.1 1,516.8 1,517.3 .5 Machinery..................... 1,139.9 1,146.7 1,152.2 1,154.3 1,139.0 1,146.0 1,145.9 1,148.0 1,151.2 1,153.2 2.0 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,319.1 1,324.9 1,323.9 1,326.6 1,322.6 1,325.8 1,327.0 1,327.5 1,326.5 1,329.1 2.6 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 212.8 210.5 211.2 212.2 213.1 210.4 210.2 211.2 211.2 212.1 .9 Communications equipment..... 148.2 155.0 153.1 153.5 148.5 153.7 155.1 154.5 153.7 153.8 .1 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 450.1 445.5 445.9 445.6 451.2 448.0 447.4 447.1 447.1 446.9 -.2 Electronic instruments....... 427.6 435.8 435.6 436.2 429.1 435.7 436.4 436.4 436.4 437.6 1.2 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 445.7 443.7 444.1 446.3 445.8 445.8 445.1 445.3 445.3 446.1 .8 Transportation equipment(1)... 1,765.5 1,777.6 1,777.6 1,780.4 1,765.1 1,771.9 1,760.1 1,781.8 1,776.1 1,778.7 2.6 Motor vehicles and parts(2).. 1,117.2 1,107.8 1,104.9 1,100.5 1,115.0 1,104.0 1,092.9 1,108.7 1,101.5 1,098.6 -2.9 Furniture and related products 575.9 565.8 565.9 561.5 574.1 571.7 570.3 567.5 565.6 559.9 -5.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 656.6 651.3 649.3 649.7 655.6 656.4 654.3 653.5 650.9 648.9 -2.0 Nondurable goods............... 5,377 5,300 5,319 5,306 5,421 5,377 5,365 5,359 5,357 5,349 -8 Production workers........... 3,914 3,859 3,866 3,854 3,950 3,927 3,916 3,907 3,904 3,892 -12 Food manufacturing............ 1,467.6 1,465.3 1,470.0 1,456.6 1,500.5 1,498.8 1,494.3 1,493.2 1,494.1 1,490.1 -4.0 Beverages and tobacco products 190.3 187.3 186.3 186.5 194.3 193.0 192.2 192.5 191.4 190.9 -.5 Textile mills................. 241.1 228.1 229.1 228.1 239.7 233.2 231.5 230.1 228.7 227.0 -1.7 Textile product mills......... 180.8 175.0 178.3 180.1 179.1 178.0 178.1 177.9 177.7 177.9 .2 Apparel....................... 291.5 264.7 263.6 261.6 291.8 271.9 269.3 267.2 263.4 261.6 -1.8 Leather and allied products... 43.2 42.8 43.5 43.9 42.6 43.1 43.1 43.2 43.2 43.2 .0 Paper and paper products...... 495.4 497.9 499.2 494.6 499.0 497.9 499.9 500.2 501.7 498.3 -3.4 Printing and related support activities................... 661.1 653.3 655.3 655.7 665.7 660.8 659.6 659.2 659.1 659.5 .4 Petroleum and coal products... 110.5 111.9 112.7 115.7 111.4 113.8 114.5 115.1 114.8 116.2 1.4 Chemicals..................... 889.4 874.1 876.3 876.9 890.8 880.5 877.1 876.4 876.7 877.5 .8 Plastics and rubber products.. 805.9 799.5 804.5 806.1 805.9 806.2 804.9 804.1 806.5 806.4 -.1 Service-providing........... 109,527 109,864 110,539 111,424 109,298 110,427 110,569 110,807 110,924 111,153 229 Private service-providing.. 87,520 87,822 88,400 89,273 87,691 88,727 88,859 89,074 89,192 89,403 211 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 25,265 25,337 25,426 25,573 25,481 25,620 25,652 25,714 25,735 25,774 39 Wholesale trade................ 5,641.0 5,643.7 5,676.1 5,701.6 5,648.2 5,683.6 5,679.9 5,688.7 5,702.9 5,707.7 4.8 Durable goods................. 2,937.8 2,951.5 2,963.8 2,971.1 2,941.3 2,964.5 2,965.6 2,968.7 2,974.4 2,974.6 .2 Nondurable goods.............. 2,006.5 1,982.8 1,999.1 2,012.2 2,009.1 2,009.9 2,005.4 2,006.9 2,013.0 2,014.2 1.2 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 696.7 709.4 713.2 718.3 697.8 709.2 708.9 713.1 715.5 718.9 3.4 Retail trade...................14,852.3 14,838.8 14,873.0 14,973.1 15,038.0 15,077.0 15,081.2 15,125.4 15,123.3 15,147.7 24.4 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,902.3 1,888.0 1,901.7 1,913.3 1,906.6 1,905.9 1,907.4 1,911.2 1,913.4 1,916.5 3.1 Automobile dealers........... 1,257.6 1,241.6 1,248.8 1,252.2 1,260.3 1,249.1 1,247.9 1,248.8 1,251.2 1,254.2 3.0 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 551.8 557.9 557.3 558.8 558.1 563.7 562.1 562.6 562.3 565.2 2.9 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 512.8 513.9 516.9 513.1 514.9 516.5 516.1 515.1 516.5 514.8 -1.7 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,248.0 1,204.5 1,238.7 1,288.7 1,224.7 1,243.5 1,248.0 1,264.8 1,263.2 1,263.8 .6 Food and beverage stores...... 2,796.7 2,801.2 2,793.8 2,797.0 2,830.8 2,819.8 2,826.0 2,826.6 2,826.5 2,828.8 2.3 Health and personal care stores....................... 934.2 946.2 941.9 947.8 941.6 946.6 944.8 949.7 947.9 954.1 6.2 Gasoline stations............. 871.9 862.5 865.1 867.7 879.3 871.3 872.9 874.6 874.6 874.4 -.2 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,314.2 1,338.2 1,343.6 1,346.3 1,352.1 1,381.3 1,375.5 1,380.5 1,381.8 1,384.4 2.6 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 618.5 622.2 619.4 615.9 639.8 635.8 637.7 636.2 635.8 637.0 1.2 General merchandise stores(1). 2,780.2 2,778.2 2,784.2 2,803.2 2,847.7 2,852.9 2,853.5 2,864.1 2,862.5 2,867.2 4.7 Department stores............ 1,561.5 1,571.3 1,568.8 1,576.3 1,613.6 1,619.3 1,619.1 1,625.7 1,623.8 1,625.9 2.1 Miscellaneous store retailers. 904.8 910.1 897.5 907.0 916.8 918.2 918.7 919.9 919.2 919.2 .0 Nonstore retailers............ 416.9 415.9 412.9 414.3 425.6 421.5 418.5 420.1 419.6 422.3 2.7 Transportation and warehousing. 4,203.3 4,280.4 4,302.9 4,327.6 4,223.5 4,288.0 4,316.0 4,324.1 4,334.1 4,345.8 11.7 Air transportation............ 515.2 504.4 505.4 502.3 516.0 512.3 509.4 507.9 507.1 502.4 -4.7 Rail transportation........... 223.8 221.7 221.9 223.6 223.5 224.0 224.4 223.9 223.7 223.5 -.2 Water transportation.......... 56.5 57.3 59.1 59.9 57.2 58.6 59.8 60.0 60.7 60.4 -.3 Truck transportation.......... 1,328.4 1,345.8 1,356.1 1,376.5 1,343.8 1,366.5 1,372.6 1,378.0 1,382.9 1,390.6 7.7 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 391.7 402.3 404.0 406.6 377.4 391.0 391.7 391.0 388.5 392.7 4.2 Pipeline transportation....... 38.4 39.1 39.2 39.5 38.6 38.7 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.7 .2 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 24.0 18.8 20.5 23.8 26.8 26.6 24.2 24.9 26.5 27.0 .5 Support activities for transportation............... 528.4 549.4 551.1 549.6 532.0 547.0 549.3 551.5 554.2 553.7 -.5 Couriers and messengers....... 548.3 573.1 576.3 577.7 556.2 556.4 577.5 577.6 580.0 583.8 3.8 Warehousing and storage....... 548.6 568.5 569.3 568.1 552.0 566.9 567.8 569.9 571.0 572.0 1.0 Utilities...................... 567.9 573.8 574.1 570.3 571.0 571.3 574.7 576.0 575.0 573.1 -1.9 Information..................... 3,128 3,105 3,120 3,135 3,142 3,127 3,123 3,127 3,135 3,147 12 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 908.4 903.7 905.4 900.9 911.0 905.7 905.0 905.6 906.5 903.7 -2.8 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 376.4 367.7 376.6 389.9 386.7 384.8 380.3 380.9 388.2 397.6 9.4 Broadcasting, except Internet. 323.5 329.0 330.5 328.3 324.4 329.7 331.3 330.4 330.7 329.9 -.8 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 30.0 34.1 34.8 34.9 30.0 34.0 34.8 34.6 34.8 34.9 .1 Telecommunications............ 1,050.1 1,029.5 1,028.6 1,037.5 1,050.9 1,031.5 1,030.8 1,032.2 1,031.5 1,038.2 6.7 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 388.3 390.6 393.4 393.1 387.2 390.4 389.9 392.6 392.8 392.0 -.8 Other information services.... 51.5 50.4 50.6 50.2 51.3 50.7 51.0 50.9 50.7 50.3 -.4 Financial activities............ 7,997 8,116 8,132 8,167 8,021 8,128 8,150 8,165 8,171 8,188 17 Finance and insurance.......... 5,942.2 6,027.9 6,034.0 6,042.7 5,948.4 6,014.5 6,030.9 6,037.6 6,039.7 6,048.2 8.5 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 22.2 20.2 20.3 20.3 22.1 20.6 20.5 20.4 20.4 20.3 -.1 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,819.7 2,885.3 2,893.5 2,899.4 2,823.3 2,871.9 2,882.7 2,891.0 2,896.9 2,901.1 4.2 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,754.5 1,788.2 1,791.6 1,793.4 1,756.5 1,778.8 1,785.6 1,790.3 1,793.2 1,794.3 1.1 Commercial banking.......... 1,282.9 1,303.6 1,305.8 1,306.8 1,284.4 1,296.8 1,301.6 1,305.5 1,307.5 1,307.1 -.4 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 756.3 783.9 784.5 787.0 759.2 779.7 782.5 784.8 786.9 790.4 3.5 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,258.2 2,252.9 2,250.3 2,251.9 2,258.2 2,258.1 2,259.6 2,256.7 2,251.0 2,252.7 1.7 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 85.8 85.6 85.4 84.1 85.6 84.2 85.6 84.7 84.5 83.7 -.8 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,054.3 2,087.8 2,098.0 2,124.3 2,072.2 2,113.6 2,119.0 2,127.2 2,131.2 2,140.0 8.8 Real estate................... 1,396.1 1,420.0 1,426.7 1,440.3 1,406.2 1,437.8 1,439.7 1,443.8 1,446.2 1,450.1 3.9 Rental and leasing services... 633.2 642.9 646.9 658.4 640.6 650.9 654.1 658.3 660.0 664.1 4.1 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 25.0 24.9 24.4 25.6 25.4 24.9 25.2 25.1 25.0 25.8 .8 Professional and business services....................... 16,298 16,451 16,601 16,836 16,305 16,674 16,694 16,775 16,807 16,843 36 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,780.4 6,976.6 6,986.4 7,001.7 6,712.2 6,869.9 6,882.1 6,902.7 6,913.7 6,931.5 17.8 Legal services............... 1,151.6 1,152.0 1,152.9 1,154.8 1,158.6 1,164.4 1,160.8 1,161.2 1,161.9 1,162.9 1.0 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 907.4 996.6 984.0 967.0 811.6 840.8 858.1 858.1 861.6 865.1 3.5 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,241.9 1,267.4 1,276.2 1,289.2 1,249.4 1,289.5 1,286.9 1,292.0 1,295.2 1,298.1 2.9 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,126.9 1,171.4 1,174.8 1,173.8 1,127.7 1,174.3 1,171.8 1,174.2 1,176.0 1,177.1 1.1 Management and technical consulting services......... 768.4 784.5 789.4 794.8 772.9 789.9 789.3 793.7 796.0 799.4 3.4 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,709.4 1,713.0 1,718.5 1,728.3 1,717.6 1,725.6 1,730.7 1,731.3 1,732.4 1,735.6 3.2 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,808.2 7,761.0 7,896.5 8,105.9 7,875.5 8,078.0 8,081.6 8,140.9 8,160.6 8,176.1 15.5 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,484.2 7,441.0 7,578.1 7,784.9 7,550.2 7,751.4 7,755.2 7,813.8 7,835.8 7,853.1 17.3 Employment services(1)....... 3,357.1 3,432.8 3,508.6 3,590.1 3,422.4 3,584.5 3,595.9 3,633.8 3,647.9 3,660.2 12.3 Temporary help services..... 2,303.5 2,348.7 2,396.0 2,464.1 2,355.0 2,479.4 2,479.1 2,508.0 2,507.9 2,518.4 10.5 Business support services.... 755.0 755.4 756.4 755.0 755.5 757.0 752.8 755.7 754.5 755.3 .8 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,692.5 1,554.5 1,599.8 1,721.5 1,688.5 1,706.1 1,701.4 1,711.2 1,712.9 1,716.9 4.0 Waste management and remediation services......... 324.0 320.0 318.4 321.0 325.3 326.6 326.4 327.1 324.8 323.0 -1.8 Education and health services... 17,058 17,291 17,359 17,430 16,871 17,142 17,178 17,186 17,209 17,244 35 Educational services........... 2,915.2 2,951.0 2,969.2 2,989.2 2,747.3 2,805.5 2,825.0 2,810.3 2,812.0 2,819.1 7.1 Health care and social assistance....................14,142.7 14,339.8 14,389.8 14,440.7 14,123.6 14,336.1 14,353.2 14,375.4 14,396.6 14,424.6 28.0 Health care(3).................11,995.8 12,159.8 12,197.4 12,234.3 12,004.5 12,168.4 12,183.6 12,202.8 12,219.8 12,244.8 25.0 Ambulatory health care services(1)................. 4,914.6 5,013.5 5,032.4 5,055.3 4,916.1 5,017.0 5,027.0 5,035.0 5,043.1 5,057.3 14.2 Offices of physicians....... 2,038.7 2,086.6 2,089.7 2,098.7 2,042.0 2,084.3 2,085.3 2,090.9 2,092.5 2,101.5 9.0 Outpatient care centers..... 444.2 450.4 452.5 453.4 443.5 450.3 451.5 451.1 452.1 453.0 .9 Home health care services... 766.1 787.7 796.4 800.0 765.3 790.7 796.6 796.8 799.8 799.2 -.6 Hospitals.................... 4,274.2 4,329.1 4,341.0 4,351.1 4,279.7 4,323.5 4,329.6 4,337.8 4,346.3 4,356.0 9.7 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)............... 2,807.0 2,817.2 2,824.0 2,827.9 2,808.7 2,827.9 2,827.0 2,830.0 2,830.4 2,831.5 1.1 Nursing care facilities..... 1,572.1 1,563.9 1,569.4 1,567.2 1,574.8 1,574.5 1,571.5 1,571.6 1,572.7 1,570.7 -2.0 Social assistance(1).......... 2,146.9 2,180.0 2,192.4 2,206.4 2,119.1 2,167.7 2,169.6 2,172.6 2,176.8 2,179.8 3.0 Child day care services...... 778.4 792.5 798.2 803.7 760.3 780.4 780.5 782.5 784.6 785.9 1.3 Leisure and hospitality......... 12,351 12,110 12,322 12,658 12,443 12,589 12,611 12,650 12,674 12,732 58 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,794.3 1,611.0 1,654.1 1,791.4 1,833.4 1,811.0 1,805.4 1,808.4 1,811.3 1,827.1 15.8 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 370.1 333.1 341.3 369.3 365.1 357.9 355.6 357.0 358.1 362.7 4.6 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 115.6 103.3 108.6 114.6 117.0 114.8 114.5 113.6 115.5 116.1 .6 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,308.6 1,174.6 1,204.2 1,307.5 1,351.3 1,338.3 1,335.3 1,337.8 1,337.7 1,348.3 10.6 Accommodations and food services......................10,556.9 10,499.4 10,667.5 10,866.2 10,609.4 10,778.4 10,805.1 10,841.1 10,863.1 10,905.2 42.1 Accommodations................ 1,750.0 1,750.2 1,769.7 1,795.2 1,791.6 1,824.6 1,825.9 1,830.3 1,831.2 1,838.0 6.8 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,806.9 8,749.2 8,897.8 9,071.0 8,817.8 8,953.8 8,979.2 9,010.8 9,031.9 9,067.2 35.3 Other services.................. 5,423 5,412 5,440 5,474 5,428 5,447 5,451 5,457 5,461 5,475 14 Repair and maintenance........ 1,232.4 1,227.1 1,234.2 1,242.3 1,229.5 1,229.9 1,229.4 1,233.7 1,234.4 1,237.7 3.3 Personal and laundry services. 1,276.8 1,260.2 1,273.0 1,291.2 1,275.7 1,276.8 1,280.4 1,280.5 1,282.6 1,287.5 4.9 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,913.7 2,924.5 2,932.8 2,940.7 2,922.3 2,940.6 2,941.4 2,942.9 2,943.5 2,949.3 5.8 Government...................... 22,007 22,042 22,139 22,151 21,607 21,700 21,710 21,733 21,732 21,750 18 Federal........................ 2,742 2,704 2,705 2,714 2,745 2,706 2,717 2,720 2,719 2,715 -4 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,958.9 1,926.3 1,927.7 1,937.3 1,957.2 1,939.5 1,937.2 1,939.8 1,939.0 1,935.4 -3.6 U.S. Postal Service........... 783.1 777.3 776.9 776.2 787.3 766.4 780.2 780.1 780.0 779.5 -.5 State government............... 5,119 5,135 5,172 5,177 4,975 5,020 5,025 5,027 5,029 5,034 5 State government education.... 2,391.5 2,404.3 2,436.7 2,436.1 2,243.3 2,277.9 2,280.4 2,283.0 2,286.3 2,288.8 2.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,727.7 2,730.2 2,735.5 2,741.2 2,731.6 2,741.9 2,744.4 2,744.4 2,743.1 2,745.2 2.1 Local government............... 14,146 14,203 14,262 14,260 13,887 13,974 13,968 13,986 13,984 14,001 17 Local government education.... 8,079.5 8,136.9 8,177.9 8,149.6 7,750.7 7,810.8 7,808.8 7,820.7 7,814.8 7,823.2 8.4 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,066.9 6,065.8 6,084.5 6,110.5 6,136.4 6,163.1 6,159.2 6,165.1 6,169.2 6,177.5 8.3 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2004 2005 2005p 2005p 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005p 2005p Mar. 2005- Apr. 2005p Total private......................... 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.9 0.2 Goods-producing........................... 39.7 39.4 39.6 39.9 40.0 40.0 39.8 39.9 39.8 40.2 .4 Natural resources and mining.................. 43.9 44.6 44.8 45.2 44.3 45.4 45.5 45.1 45.2 45.5 .3 Construction.................................. 37.7 37.1 37.8 38.7 38.2 38.4 37.6 38.2 38.3 39.0 .7 Manufacturing................................. 40.6 40.4 40.4 40.3 40.8 40.5 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.5 .1 Overtime hours............................. 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 .0 Durable goods................................ 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.7 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.9 .1 Overtime hours............................. 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 .1 Wood products............................... 40.8 39.2 39.2 39.3 40.9 40.3 40.6 39.9 39.6 39.5 -.1 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.3 41.2 41.1 41.9 42.3 42.3 41.9 42.1 41.7 41.9 .2 Primary metals.............................. 43.2 43.0 43.0 42.5 43.2 42.8 43.1 43.0 42.9 42.6 -.3 Fabricated metal products................... 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.6 41.0 40.9 40.9 40.8 40.7 40.8 .1 Machinery................................... 41.6 42.1 42.1 41.9 41.9 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.2 .2 Computer and electronic products............ 40.2 39.5 39.5 39.2 40.6 39.8 40.0 39.6 39.4 39.6 .2 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.5 39.7 40.0 40.3 40.9 40.0 40.1 40.0 40.2 40.6 .4 Transportation equipment.................... 42.3 42.5 42.1 41.9 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.4 41.9 42.1 .2 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 42.5 42.4 41.9 41.6 42.5 42.6 42.3 42.3 41.7 41.7 .0 Furniture and related products.............. 39.5 39.2 39.4 39.2 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.4 39.5 39.3 -.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.3 38.7 39.1 38.7 38.4 38.3 38.5 38.6 38.9 38.9 .0 Nondurable goods............................. 39.7 39.6 39.6 39.6 40.0 39.8 40.0 40.0 39.7 39.9 .2 Overtime hours............................. 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 -.1 Food manufacturing.......................... 38.4 38.7 38.2 38.4 39.2 38.8 39.0 39.3 38.8 39.1 .3 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.8 39.6 40.0 40.9 39.8 39.6 40.5 40.2 40.3 40.5 .2 Textile mills............................... 39.6 39.6 40.6 40.0 39.7 39.8 40.2 39.7 40.1 40.1 .0 Textile product mills....................... 38.4 39.2 39.6 39.4 38.4 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.6 39.5 -.1 Apparel..................................... 36.0 35.7 36.3 36.3 36.0 35.9 35.9 35.9 36.0 36.2 .2 Leather and allied products................. 39.5 37.3 37.6 38.1 38.9 37.6 37.1 37.2 37.1 37.4 .3 Paper and paper products.................... 41.8 41.7 41.6 41.8 42.0 42.0 42.5 42.1 41.9 42.0 .1 Printing and related support activities..... 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.1 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.4 .1 Petroleum and coal products................. 43.4 44.5 44.6 45.5 44.5 44.6 44.5 44.7 45.1 46.4 1.3 Chemicals................................... 42.8 42.3 42.2 42.2 43.0 42.6 42.8 42.3 42.2 42.4 .2 Plastics and rubber products................ 40.8 40.0 39.8 39.7 40.8 39.8 40.0 40.1 39.8 39.7 -.1 Private service-providing................ 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.3 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.6 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.8 37.5 37.5 37.6 38.0 37.6 37.7 37.8 37.7 37.8 .1 Retail trade................................. 30.4 30.3 30.3 30.5 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.7 30.8 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.9 37.1 37.4 37.5 37.3 37.2 37.4 .2 Utilities.................................... 41.0 40.5 40.1 41.0 41.2 40.7 41.0 40.5 40.3 41.1 .8 Information................................... 35.9 36.3 36.1 36.0 36.3 36.4 36.3 36.4 36.4 36.4 .0 Financial activities.......................... 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.8 35.6 35.7 35.9 35.8 35.9 36.1 .2 Professional and business services............ 34.1 33.9 33.9 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.2 .2 Education and health services................. 32.2 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 .1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.4 25.5 25.4 25.5 25.7 25.7 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.7 .0 Other services................................ 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 31.1 30.8 30.9 30.9 31.0 31.1 .1 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2004 2005 2005p 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 2005p Total private........................... $15.59 $15.96 $15.95 $16.00 $522.27 $534.66 $534.33 $537.60 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.58 15.91 15.95 16.00 525.05 536.17 537.52 542.40 Goods-producing............................. 17.08 17.34 17.36 17.46 678.08 683.20 687.46 696.65 Natural resources and mining.................... 18.07 18.45 18.36 18.64 793.27 822.87 822.53 842.53 Construction.................................... 19.15 19.20 19.25 19.33 721.96 712.32 727.65 748.07 Manufacturing................................... 16.06 16.43 16.40 16.43 652.04 663.77 662.56 662.13 Durable goods.................................. 16.71 17.20 17.15 17.18 686.78 703.48 699.72 699.23 Wood products................................. 13.00 13.04 13.10 13.14 530.40 511.17 513.52 516.40 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.17 16.20 16.30 16.73 683.99 667.44 669.93 700.99 Primary metals................................ 18.51 18.78 18.73 18.74 799.63 807.54 805.39 796.45 Fabricated metal products..................... 15.21 15.67 15.63 15.61 620.57 637.77 634.58 633.77 Machinery..................................... 16.54 17.02 17.06 17.07 688.06 716.54 718.23 715.23 Computer and electronic products.............. 17.02 18.04 17.95 18.13 684.20 712.58 709.03 710.70 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.84 15.15 15.12 15.12 601.02 601.46 604.80 609.34 Transportation equipment...................... 21.31 21.97 21.83 21.73 901.41 933.73 919.04 910.49 Furniture and related products................ 13.10 13.34 13.37 13.48 517.45 522.93 526.78 528.42 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.71 14.04 14.02 13.97 525.09 543.35 548.18 540.64 Nondurable goods............................... 15.00 15.17 15.18 15.19 595.50 600.73 601.13 601.52 Food manufacturing............................ 12.98 13.07 13.01 12.99 498.43 505.81 496.98 498.82 Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.57 18.65 18.93 19.34 778.89 738.54 757.20 791.01 Textile mills................................. 12.22 12.25 12.24 12.28 483.91 485.10 496.94 491.20 Textile product mills......................... 11.30 11.48 11.56 11.52 433.92 450.02 457.78 453.89 Apparel....................................... 9.65 10.19 10.06 10.06 347.40 363.78 365.18 365.18 Leather and allied products................... 11.64 11.42 11.48 11.45 459.78 425.97 431.65 436.25 Paper and paper products...................... 17.89 17.86 17.92 17.94 747.80 744.76 745.47 749.89 Printing and related support activities....... 15.55 15.79 15.70 15.58 594.01 604.76 602.88 593.60 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.45 24.74 24.81 24.11 1061.13 1100.93 1106.53 1097.01 Chemicals..................................... 18.96 19.32 19.47 19.58 811.49 817.24 821.63 826.28 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.58 14.65 14.69 14.75 594.86 586.00 584.66 585.58 Private service-providing.................. 15.19 15.60 15.59 15.62 487.60 502.32 502.00 504.53 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.57 14.86 14.87 14.92 485.18 493.35 493.68 496.84 Wholesale trade................................ 17.59 17.98 17.92 18.05 664.90 674.25 672.00 678.68 Retail trade................................... 12.07 12.35 12.35 12.40 366.93 374.21 374.21 378.20 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.47 16.57 16.62 16.62 602.80 608.12 611.62 613.28 Utilities...................................... 25.72 25.98 26.36 26.39 1054.52 1052.19 1057.04 1081.99 Information..................................... 21.23 21.67 21.71 22.04 762.16 786.62 783.73 793.44 Financial activities............................ 17.46 17.73 17.75 17.87 616.34 632.96 631.90 639.75 Professional and business services.............. 17.30 17.91 17.84 17.87 589.93 607.15 604.78 609.37 Education and health services................... 16.04 16.46 16.50 16.51 516.49 534.95 534.60 536.58 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.85 9.09 9.07 9.10 224.79 231.80 230.38 232.05 Other services.................................. 13.97 14.23 14.18 14.16 430.28 438.28 436.74 437.54 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005p 2005p Mar. 2005- Apr. 2005p Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.58 $15.85 $15.90 $15.91 $15.95 $16.00 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.24 8.23 8.24 8.22 8.19 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 17.12 17.36 17.35 17.43 17.44 17.50 .3 Natural resources and mining.................... 18.01 18.37 18.43 18.40 18.27 18.53 1.4 Construction.................................... 19.20 19.29 19.24 19.31 19.35 19.38 .2 Manufacturing................................... 16.07 16.34 16.37 16.42 16.42 16.45 .2 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 15.23 15.48 15.51 15.54 15.55 15.58 .2 Durable goods.................................. 16.74 17.06 17.10 17.18 17.16 17.21 .3 Nondurable goods............................... 14.99 15.16 15.18 15.19 15.21 15.21 .0 Private service-providing.................. 15.17 15.45 15.51 15.51 15.56 15.60 .3 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.52 14.72 14.82 14.79 14.84 14.87 .2 Wholesale trade................................ 17.59 17.87 17.91 17.95 17.99 18.04 .3 Retail trade................................... 12.01 12.21 12.32 12.29 12.31 12.34 .2 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.46 16.54 16.58 16.52 16.63 16.63 .0 Utilities...................................... 25.61 26.11 26.23 26.04 26.32 26.33 .0 Information..................................... 21.31 21.70 21.80 21.67 21.82 22.09 1.2 Financial activities............................ 17.45 17.71 17.71 17.74 17.80 17.86 .3 Professional and business services.............. 17.33 17.69 17.79 17.80 17.83 17.90 .4 Education and health services................... 16.03 16.37 16.40 16.45 16.51 16.51 .0 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.86 9.01 9.03 9.05 9.05 9.10 .6 Other services.................................. 13.92 14.13 14.15 14.17 14.16 14.14 -.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.4 percent from Feb. 2005 to Mar. 2005, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2004 2005 2005p 2005p 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005p 2005p Mar. 2005- Apr. 2005p Total private......................... 98.6 99.2 100.0 101.5 99.7 101.2 101.5 101.8 101.9 102.8 0.9 Goods-producing........................... 94.5 93.1 94.5 96.9 96.4 97.5 96.9 97.6 97.4 98.7 1.3 Natural resources and mining.................. 99.8 105.2 107.6 110.3 103.3 109.0 110.3 110.2 111.5 113.2 1.5 Construction.................................. 96.6 93.2 97.2 104.5 100.7 104.0 101.6 104.4 105.0 107.9 2.8 Manufacturing................................. 93.4 92.7 93.0 92.8 94.2 93.9 94.2 94.0 93.5 93.7 .2 Durable goods................................ 94.4 94.3 94.4 94.5 94.9 95.3 95.2 95.2 94.8 95.0 .2 Wood products............................... 99.1 96.4 96.5 97.4 100.3 101.1 101.7 99.9 99.2 98.9 -.3 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 96.3 90.6 91.6 96.0 97.0 98.3 97.1 97.3 95.9 96.6 .7 Primary metals.............................. 93.0 92.8 93.1 92.0 93.1 92.6 93.0 93.1 92.9 92.4 -.5 Fabricated metal products................... 96.5 97.6 97.9 98.2 97.0 98.4 98.6 98.2 98.4 98.8 .4 Machinery................................... 94.9 97.2 97.7 97.4 95.3 96.5 96.8 96.8 97.1 97.7 .6 Computer and electronic products............ 87.9 90.4 91.3 91.0 89.3 89.7 91.1 90.9 91.1 92.3 1.3 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 88.0 86.6 86.9 87.9 88.8 87.5 87.5 87.4 87.6 88.5 1.0 Transportation equipment.................... 96.3 97.0 96.1 95.8 96.4 96.4 95.8 96.8 95.5 96.0 .5 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 97.3 96.4 95.1 94.2 96.9 96.4 95.0 96.2 94.4 94.1 -.3 Furniture and related products.............. 94.9 91.3 91.8 90.5 94.6 93.6 93.2 92.3 92.1 90.5 -1.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 91.5 90.8 91.0 90.1 91.4 90.9 91.0 91.1 90.9 90.6 -.3 Nondurable goods............................. 91.5 90.0 90.2 89.9 93.1 92.0 92.3 92.0 91.3 91.5 .2 Food manufacturing.......................... 92.8 93.9 92.9 92.5 97.3 96.7 96.8 97.4 96.3 96.8 .5 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 85.8 86.5 86.9 89.7 88.3 91.0 91.8 91.0 91.2 91.5 .3 Textile mills............................... 79.9 74.0 76.0 74.3 79.6 76.2 76.3 74.8 74.9 74.1 -1.1 Textile product mills....................... 92.8 91.4 94.4 95.4 91.9 92.1 93.7 93.7 94.0 93.9 -.1 Apparel..................................... 77.1 68.5 69.3 68.3 76.9 70.9 69.9 69.5 68.6 67.9 -1.0 Leather and allied products................. 88.8 82.2 84.6 86.0 86.2 85.0 83.4 83.2 83.0 83.1 .1 Paper and paper products.................... 88.7 88.6 88.5 88.0 89.9 89.2 90.7 89.9 89.8 89.3 -.6 Printing and related support activities..... 92.4 91.4 91.4 91.3 93.6 93.5 93.5 92.8 91.9 92.6 .8 Petroleum and coal products................. 96.2 102.0 102.7 106.2 100.3 104.7 104.9 106.2 106.6 110.1 3.3 Chemicals................................... 99.2 96.5 96.0 96.0 99.4 97.8 97.9 96.6 96.1 96.3 .2 Plastics and rubber products................ 94.9 92.3 92.5 92.3 94.8 92.8 93.1 93.1 92.8 92.3 -.5 Private service-providing................ 99.6 100.8 101.5 102.9 100.9 102.5 102.8 103.0 103.2 103.8 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 97.6 98.2 98.6 99.5 99.5 100.4 100.8 101.1 100.9 101.4 .5 Wholesale trade.............................. 98.1 98.6 99.3 100.0 98.7 99.4 99.8 100.3 100.3 100.6 .3 Retail trade................................. 96.7 96.6 96.9 98.3 99.4 99.9 99.7 100.4 100.1 100.6 .5 Transportation and warehousing............... 98.8 102.0 102.9 103.8 100.9 103.8 105.2 104.9 105.0 105.9 .9 Utilities.................................... 95.5 94.5 93.7 95.3 96.4 94.7 96.0 94.8 94.2 95.9 1.8 Information................................... 96.6 100.8 101.0 101.1 98.0 101.3 101.2 101.6 102.1 102.6 .5 Financial activities.......................... 100.4 103.4 103.2 104.2 101.6 103.6 104.4 104.4 104.7 105.5 .8 Professional and business services............ 100.6 101.6 102.7 104.9 101.1 103.9 103.9 104.1 104.5 105.4 .9 Education and health services................. 103.1 105.6 105.7 106.4 102.7 104.7 105.3 105.3 105.5 106.0 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 100.7 99.2 100.6 104.0 102.8 104.2 104.1 104.9 105.0 105.6 .6 Other services................................ 95.5 96.2 96.7 97.6 96.7 96.6 97.1 97.3 97.8 98.3 .5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2004 2005 2005p 2005p 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005p 2005p Mar. 2005- Apr. 2005p Total private......................... 102.9 106.0 106.7 108.6 104.0 107.4 107.9 108.3 108.8 110.1 1.2 Goods-producing........................... 98.8 98.8 100.4 103.6 101.0 103.7 103.0 104.2 104.1 105.8 1.6 Natural resources and mining.................. 104.9 112.9 114.9 119.5 108.3 116.5 118.2 118.0 118.4 121.9 3.0 Construction.................................. 99.9 96.6 101.0 109.1 104.4 108.3 105.6 108.9 109.7 112.9 2.9 Manufacturing................................. 98.1 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.0 100.3 100.8 100.9 100.4 100.8 .4 Durable goods................................ 98.4 101.3 101.1 101.4 99.2 101.5 101.7 102.1 101.5 102.1 .6 Nondurable goods............................. 97.0 96.5 96.7 96.5 98.6 98.6 99.0 98.8 98.1 98.3 .2 Private service-providing................ 103.9 108.0 108.7 110.4 105.1 108.8 109.5 109.8 110.3 111.3 .9 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 101.4 104.1 104.6 105.9 103.0 105.5 106.5 106.6 106.8 107.5 .7 Wholesale trade.............................. 101.6 104.4 104.8 106.3 102.3 104.7 105.2 106.1 106.3 106.9 .6 Retail trade................................. 100.1 102.3 102.6 104.4 102.3 104.5 105.3 105.7 105.7 106.4 .7 Transportation and warehousing............... 103.2 107.2 108.5 109.5 105.4 108.9 110.7 110.0 110.7 111.7 .9 Utilities.................................... 102.6 102.4 103.1 105.0 103.1 103.2 105.1 103.0 103.5 105.4 1.8 Information................................... 101.5 108.1 108.6 110.3 103.4 108.8 109.2 109.0 110.2 112.2 1.8 Financial activities.......................... 108.4 113.3 113.2 115.1 109.7 113.5 114.3 114.5 115.2 116.5 1.1 Professional and business services............ 103.6 108.3 109.0 111.5 104.3 109.4 110.0 110.3 110.8 112.3 1.4 Education and health services................. 108.7 114.3 114.7 115.5 108.3 112.6 113.5 113.9 114.5 115.1 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 103.9 105.1 106.4 110.3 106.2 109.4 109.6 110.6 110.8 112.0 1.1 Other services................................ 97.2 99.7 99.9 100.7 98.0 99.5 100.1 100.5 100.9 101.3 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2001 .............. 49.5 47.7 48.6 32.7 42.4 40.8 36.7 39.0 37.6 33.6 36.9 37.1 2002 .............. 41.0 35.6 39.7 39.2 40.5 47.7 42.8 43.0 42.1 39.0 41.5 35.1 2003 .............. 44.4 38.7 35.3 41.4 39.4 39.9 42.1 39.4 50.4 48.9 50.0 50.5 2004 .............. 50.9 53.4 66.0 67.3 64.6 59.7 55.4 53.8 57.6 58.6 54.7 54.3 2005 .............. 54.1 61.2 p55.8 p61.3 Over 3-month span: 2001 .............. 53.2 49.8 49.8 42.3 38.1 34.2 37.8 37.6 34.7 35.4 30.8 32.0 2002 .............. 35.3 37.9 36.5 34.2 34.4 39.4 40.6 44.1 37.8 37.1 35.8 36.7 2003 .............. 38.3 35.4 33.3 33.5 36.5 41.7 37.8 37.4 43.2 46.4 48.6 50.2 2004 .............. 52.5 53.8 56.7 69.4 75.4 71.2 63.5 56.8 57.4 59.9 59.7 56.3 2005 .............. 58.5 60.3 p65.1 p64.9 Over 6-month span: 2001 .............. 53.1 50.9 52.0 45.5 43.0 39.7 38.5 33.6 33.5 34.2 33.6 30.9 2002 .............. 29.5 29.9 32.0 31.7 30.9 37.4 37.1 38.7 35.3 36.0 37.9 35.1 2003 .............. 32.7 32.2 31.3 31.3 33.1 37.6 33.6 32.2 40.3 43.7 46.4 49.3 2004 .............. 47.3 50.4 54.9 62.6 64.4 69.6 67.3 68.9 64.6 62.2 59.7 55.9 2005 .............. 60.3 62.8 p63.1 p60.3 Over 12-month span: 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 34.2 35.1 32.7 33.1 37.1 36.7 37.2 39.2 2004 .............. 40.3 42.1 44.8 48.7 52.0 56.7 57.4 57.6 60.3 62.1 64.6 64.0 2005 .............. 61.2 64.7 p63.7 p65.1 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2001 .............. 22.0 17.3 22.0 17.9 16.1 22.6 13.1 15.5 18.5 17.3 14.9 11.9 2002 .............. 19.0 19.6 22.0 32.1 26.2 31.0 35.7 23.2 28.6 15.5 18.5 16.7 2003 .............. 35.1 19.0 19.0 11.9 19.6 20.8 22.6 24.4 32.7 35.1 39.9 42.9 2004 .............. 39.3 49.4 50.0 65.5 60.1 51.8 60.7 48.8 42.9 42.3 46.4 44.6 2005 .............. 42.3 44.6 p41.1 p50.0 Over 3-month span: 2001 .............. 32.7 20.8 16.7 14.3 14.3 11.9 11.9 9.5 7.7 12.5 11.3 9.5 2002 .............. 10.7 11.9 11.3 17.9 14.9 20.2 25.6 23.8 20.2 13.7 8.9 9.5 2003 .............. 16.1 14.3 12.5 8.9 10.7 10.7 14.3 15.5 18.5 27.4 31.5 35.1 2004 .............. 42.3 43.5 42.9 58.3 69.0 69.6 62.5 53.6 52.4 44.6 45.2 35.7 2005 .............. 45.2 42.9 p50.6 p47.6 Over 6-month span: 2001 .............. 22.6 24.4 21.4 19.6 14.3 11.9 13.1 11.3 10.7 7.1 7.7 5.4 2002 .............. 6.0 8.3 8.3 9.5 7.1 13.1 12.5 11.3 14.3 8.3 8.3 7.7 2003 .............. 12.5 10.1 7.1 8.3 11.3 10.7 4.8 10.1 13.1 16.7 19.6 26.8 2004 .............. 27.4 29.8 33.3 47.0 52.4 57.1 60.1 58.9 58.9 50.6 45.2 42.9 2005 .............. 43.5 44.0 p43.5 p38.7 Over 12-month span: 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.3 7.1 7.1 8.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 10.7 2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 19.0 25.6 34.5 43.5 40.5 45.8 48.2 49.4 46.4 2005 .............. 45.2 45.8 p46.4 p46.4 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.