TEXT Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced private Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering Technical Information: USDL: 96-52 Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EST William Davis (202) 606-6277 Friday, February 16, 1996 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902 MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 1995 Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry during the fourth quarter of 1995 called for annual changes in wage rates over the contract term that were lower, on average, than those specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Average annual wage changes have been lower in current settlements compared with replaced contracts for 13 consecutive quarters. The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers. Wage rate changes under settlements Settlements in the fourth quarter of 1995 specified wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.8 percent in their first year and 2.3 percent annually over their contract term. (See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily negotiated in 1992) were increases of 2.3 percent and 2.7 percent. Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) are not included in specified wage rate changes. During the fourth quarter, 60 settlements, covering 402,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in food stores, airlines, transportation equipment manufacturing, and telephone communications accounted for just over three-fifths of the workers. Workers under fourth-quarter settlements accounted for 27 percent of the 1.5 million workers under the 334 settlements reached in all of 1995. (See table 3.) Settlements during 1995, on average, specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.5 percent compared with 3.0 percent. (See the chart.) Over their term, agreements reached during 1995 specified wage rate increases for 89 percent of the workers and no wage change for nearly all the others. (See table 4.) The 1995 contracts had the longest average duration--38.7 months--since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this measure in 1972. (See table 7.) NOTE: Due to reductions in funding, the Bureau of Labor Statistics will not collect or publish information for collective bargaining settlements occurring after 1995. Additional data for 1995 will be available in the February-March issue of the BLS periodical, Compensation and Working Conditions. During 1995, cash lump-sum payment provisions were added in 47 agreements covering 282,000 workers, maintained in another 45 agreements for 413,000 workers, and discontinued in 15 agreements for 64,000 workers. At the end of 1995, such provisions covered 46 percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in private industry, the highest level of coverage since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began compiling this information in 1987. Coverage at the end of 1994 was 42 percent. - 2 - Thirty-two agreements reached in 1995 covering 129,000 workers retained their COLA clauses, 12 agreements for 94,000 workers discontinued them, and 3 settlements for 14,000 added such provisions. As of December 31, 1995, COLA provisions covered 22 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major collective bargaining contracts compared with 24 percent at the end of 1994. Coverage has been steadily declining since the late 1980s when it was about 40 percent. Forty-nine percent of the workers under settlements reached in 1995 had either a cash lump-sum payment provision, a COLA clause, or both. Their wage changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 2.4 percent annually compared with 2.6 percent for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. (See the Explanatory Note.) Typically, lump-sum payment and COLA provisions are negotiated more frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. During 1995, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA provisions covered 68 percent of the workers in manufacturing settlements compared with 44 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements, the wage rate change averaged an annual increase of 2.1 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.8 percent annually over the life of the agreement compared with 2.7 percent in settlements with neither provision. Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in 1995 called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.6 percent annually over their life. Settlements with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had annual wage changes averaging an increase of 2.7 percent over the contract term compared with 2.5 percent in settlements with neither provision. Compensation cost changes under settlements The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate changes. Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in the rate measure. See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description of the cost series. Settlements for 5,000 workers or more accounted for 78 percent (315,000) of the 402,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the fourth quarter of 1995. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.3 percent annually over the life of the contract, compared with 1.7 percent in the contracts being replaced. Under fourth-quarter settlements, annual cost changes over the contract term averaged 1.3 percent for wages alone, 1.4 percent for cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments), and 1.0 percent for benefits. (See table 11.) - 3 - For all of 1995, settlements for 5,000 or more workers accounted for 65 percent (986,000) of the 1.5 million workers under all major settlements. These settlements provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.7 percent annually over the contract term. The corresponding change in the agreements they replaced was an increase of 2.2 percent. Over the contract term, settlements reached in 1995 specified annual changes averaging increases of 1.5 percent for wages alone, 1.6 percent for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments), and 1.8 percent for benefit costs. Thirty-three percent of the workers under 1995 settlements for 5,000 or more workers could receive compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement from contingent pay provisions. Examples of such provisions include COLA clauses and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series. Specified annual compensation cost changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 2.2 percent in settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.5 percent in those without such provisions. (See table 12.) Wage rate changes under all major contracts In addition to data on changes in rates and costs under settlements, BLS compiled information on wage rate changes during 1995 under all major contracts. Wage rate changes averaged an increase of 2.4 percent--0.7 percent from settlements reached during the year, 1.5 percent from agreements reached earlier, and 0.2 percent from COLAs. (See table 14.) The average gain for 1995 was the smallest since 1986, when wage changes under all major contracts averaged 2.3 percent. Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts. About 4.2 million workers had their wages increased, another 1.2 million workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same in 1995, and 13,000 workers had wage decreases. Wage rate increases during 1995 stemmed from one or more of the following: Settlements reached in 1995 which provided increases in the year averaging 3.2 percent for 1.1 million workers; contracts negotiated before 1995 that specified increases in the year averaging 3.1 percent for 2.6 million workers; and COLA provisions, which yielded increases averaging 1.7 percent for 719,000 workers. About 217,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during 1995 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 55 percent of the CPI movement during the review period. First-quarter 1996 activity During January-March 1996, 244,000 workers in a diverse group of industries are covered by 94 major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. In addition, there are 572,000 workers under 85 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to January 1, 1996. Fifty-six percent of these workers are employed in the railroad, telephone communications, and heath services industries. - 4 - In the first quarter, 443,000 workers are scheduled for wage increases averaging 2.6 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated prior to 1996, and 1.2 million workers are slated for COLA reviews. EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with 1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers in nonmanufacturing. About 6.7 percent of the employed production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement. Wage and compensation changes under settlements The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached during specified reference periods. Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked; premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave; life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits. Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of the ongoing rate structure. Compensation costs include: All items covered by compensation rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded from rate data. Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). The over-the-life measure is expressed as an annual average change. The average rate change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all settlements. Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is - 5 - computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost change under the settlement. The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The following example illustrates one of the major differences between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term. The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows: When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of the timing of changes during the agreement term which the rate series does not. For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August 1990, pp. 11-18. Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do, however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the agreement was reached) because they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement. - 6 - Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the agreement. Wage rate changes under all contracts The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached earlier and remaining in force during the period. The average change under all contracts in force during a period is computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the total number of workers under all contracts. The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.) Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement. Historical information on collective bargaining settlements for private industry and State and local government is available from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577. Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced private industry collective bargaining settlements, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 Measure |___________|_______________________|_______________________ | | | | | | | | | | | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV ____________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ | | Quarterly averages | | | | | | | | | | | Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First-year change(2) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.1| 2.8| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9| 2.1| 3.2| 1.8 Replaced settlements............| 3.6| 3.4| 5.4| 2.8| 2.5| 3.3| 3.5| 3.0| 3.8| 2.3 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.7| 2.0| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 2.1| 2.2| 3.2| 2.3 Replaced settlements............| 3.0| 2.2| 3.7| 3.0| 2.8| 2.9| 2.9| 3.0| 3.3| 2.7 Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First-year change(2) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.0| 3.8| 3.0| 3.4| (4) | 1.5 | 1.4| 1.9| 4.8| 1.4 Replaced settlements............| 4.2| 3.8| 5.9| 3.8| 3.4| 4.9| 3.8| 3.9| 4.5| 2.5 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.7| 1.9| 3.7| 2.0 Replaced settlements............| 2.8| 2.5| 4.1| 3.6| 3.0| 4.0| 2.9| 3.1| 3.4| 2.7 Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 2.8| 1.3 Replaced settlements............| 2.4| 2.0| 3.6| 2.2| 1.9| 2.6| 1.9| 2.1| 2.8| 1.7 |___________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | | | | | | | | | | | Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First-year change(2) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 2.4| 2.3 Replaced settlements............| 4.1| 3.7| 3.8| 3.5| 3.2| 3.2| 2.9| 3.0| 3.4| 3.1 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.5| 2.5 Replaced settlements............| 3.5| 2.9| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 3.1| 3.0 Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First-year change(2) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1| 1.2| 2.9| 2.6 Replaced settlements............| 4.8| 4.2| 4.3| 4.1| 3.9| 4.2| 3.9| 3.9| 4.3| 3.7 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.8| 2.6| 2.5 Replaced settlements............| 3.6| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 3.0| 3.5| 3.4| 3.2| 3.3| 3.1 Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.8| 1.7 Replaced settlements............| 3.2| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.2| 2.4| 2.1| 2.1| 2.4| 2.2 ____________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All rate measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 4 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent. Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, fourth quarter of 1995 (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Annual | Number of | Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of | change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements | | term(3) | | _______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 1.8 | 2.3 | 402 | 60 With lump-sum provisions...............| 1.3 | 2.1 | 237 | 22 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.5 | 2.7 | 166 | 38 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.4 | 2.1 | 267 | 30 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.6 | 2.7 | 135 | 30 Manufacturing............................| 2.1 | 2.3 | 101 | 31 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.9 | 2.0 | 76 | 20 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 3.2 | 25 | 11 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 1.7 | 2.3 | 301 | 29 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.2 | 2.1 | 191 | 10 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.6 | 2.6 | 110 | 19 Goods-producing..........................| 2.3 | 2.4 | 118 | 35 Service-producing........................| 1.6 | 2.3 | 284 | 25 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 1.4 | 2.0 | 315 | 16 _______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, 1995 (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Annual | Number of | Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of | change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements | | term(3) | | _______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 2.3 | 2.5 | 1,508 | 334 With COLA clauses......................| 1.6 | 1.5 | 143 | 35 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.4 | 2.6 | 1,364 | 299 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.2 | 2.4 | 705 | 96 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.4 | 2.5 | 803 | 238 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.2 | 2.4 | 745 | 110 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 2.6 | 763 | 224 Manufacturing............................| 2.0 | 2.1 | 342 | 109 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.9 | 1.8 | 231 | 66 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.3 | 2.7 | 110 | 43 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.4 | 2.6 | 1,166 | 225 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.3 | 2.7 | 514 | 44 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 2.5 | 653 | 181 Construction.............................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 335 | 116 All industries excluding construction....| 2.3 | 2.4 | 1,173 | 218 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.3 | 2.6 | 831 | 109 Goods-producing..........................| 2.2 | 2.4 | 676 | 225 Service-producing........................| 2.3 | 2.6 | 831 | 109 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 2.6 | 2.5 | 986 | 57 With COLA clauses......................| 1.4 | 1.6 | 97 | 9 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7 | 2.6 | 889 | 48 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.9 | 2.7 | 571 | 26 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.2 | 2.3 | 415 | 31 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.9 | 2.7 | 590 | 28 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.1 | 2.2 | 397 | 29 Manufacturing............................| 2.6 | 2.0 | 172 | 12 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.6 | 2.6 | 814 | 45 Construction.............................| 2.2 | 2.4 | 143 | 12 All industries excluding construction....| 2.7 | 2.5 | 843 | 45 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.7 | 2.6 | 671 | 33 Goods-producing..........................| 2.4 | 2.2 | 315 | 24 Service-producing........................| 2.7 | 2.6 | 671 | 33 _______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in wages, 1995 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | All | Manu- | Nonmanu- | industries | facturing | facturing Measure |______________|______________|______________ | | First-year change(2) _______________________________________________________|____________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,508 | 342 | 1,166 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 23 | 24 | 23 Decreases(3)......................................| (4) | 1 | (4) Increases.........................................| 77 | 75 | 77 Under 3 percent................................| 31 | 39 | 29 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 37 | 27 | 40 4 and under 5 percent..........................| 6 | 6 | 6 5 percent and over ............................| 2 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 Median change........................................| 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | | | Mean increase........................................| 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.1 Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.2 |____________________________________________ | | Annual change over the contract term(5) |____________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,508 | 342 | 1,166 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 11 | 16 | 9 Decreases(3)......................................| (4) | 1 | (4) Increases.........................................| 89 | 83 | 91 Under 2 percent................................| 21 | 18 | 21 2 and under 3 percent..........................| 24 | 34 | 21 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 36 | 24 | 39 4 and under 5 percent..........................| 7 | 3 | 8 5 percent and over.............................| 2 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 Median change........................................| 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.8 | | | Mean increase........................................| 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 Median increase......................................| 2.9 | 2.2 | 3.1 _______________________________________________________|______________|______________|______________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation, 1995 __________________________________________________________________ | Measure |First-year change(2) _____________________________________________|____________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 986 | Percent of workers | | All settlements............................| 100 | No change...............................| 14 Decreases(3)............................| 2 Increases...............................| 84 Under 2 percent......................| 22 2 and under 3 percent................| 18 3 and under 4 percent................| 29 4 percent and over...................| 15 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change................................| 2.6 Median change..............................| 2.5 | Mean increase..............................| 3.1 Median increase............................| 3.1 |____________________ | | Annual change over |the contract term(4) |____________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 986 | Percent of workers | | All settlements............................| 100 | No change...............................| 7 Decreases(3)............................| 2 Increases...............................| 90 Under 2 percent......................| 26 2 and under 3 percent................| 23 3 and under 4 percent................| 23 4 percent and over...................| 18 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change................................| 2.5 Median change..............................| 2.6 | Mean increase..............................| 2.8 Median increase............................| 2.6 _____________________________________________|____________________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation and wages, 1995 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | First-year change(2) Measure |_______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone ____________________________________________________________|___________________|___________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 335 | 335 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 14 | 19 Decreases(3)...........................................| 1 | (4) Increases..............................................| 85 | 80 Under 2 percent.....................................| 13 | 15 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 24 | 29 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 34 | 19 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 10 | 11 5 percent and over..................................| 5 | 6 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change...............................................| 2.6 | 2.5 Median change.............................................| 2.8 | 2.5 | | Mean increase.............................................| 3.2 | 3.1 Median increase...........................................| 3.2 | 2.9 |_______________________________________ | |Annual change over the contract term(5) |_______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone |___________________|___________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 335 | 335 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 5 | 18 Decreases(3)...........................................| 1 | (4) Increases..............................................| 94 | 81 Under 2 percent.....................................| 20 | 10 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 27 | 21 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 36 | 28 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 9 | 20 5 percent and over..................................| 2 | 3 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change...............................................| 2.7 | 2.7 Median change.............................................| 2.8 | 3.0 | | Mean increase.............................................| 2.9 | 3.3 Median increase...........................................| 3.0 | 3.2 ____________________________________________________________|___________________|___________________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Greater than 0 and less than .5 percent. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, 1995 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Contract duration |____________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Measure | | | More than| | More than| | | All | 12 months| 12 and | 24 months| 24 and | 36 months| More than | contracts| or less | less than| | less than| | 36 months | | | 24 months| | 36 months| | ________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ | | | | | | | Number of settlements...................| 334 | 33 | 12 | 20 | 28 | 119 | 122 | | | | | | | Number of workers (in thousands)........| 1,508 | 75 | 21 | 62 | 78 | 431 | 839 | | | | | | | Average contract duration (months)......| 38.7 | 11.1 | 15.2 | 24.0 | 32.4 | 36.0 | 44.9 | | | | | | | Percent change in wages:(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annualized over the contract term.....| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | | | | | | | Occurring in: | | | | | | | First contract year(2)..............| 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 Second contract year(3).............| 2.7 | NA | .5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 Third contract year(4)..............| 2.3 | NA | NA | NA | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 Fourth contract year(5).............| 1.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.1 ________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Data are not annualized. 3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized. 4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized. 5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized. NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by region,(2) during 4-quarter periods (in percent) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended |_______________________________________________________________________ | | Measure | 1994 | 1995 |___________________________________|___________________________________ | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV __________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ | | | | | | | | First-year wage change(3) | | | | | | | | Interregional.................................| 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 2.7 New England...................................| 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 Middle Atlantic...............................| 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.0 East North Central............................| 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 West North Central............................| 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 South Atlantic................................| 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 East South Central............................| 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 West South Central............................| .5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 Mountain......................................| 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.4 Pacific.......................................| 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 Annual wage change over the contract term(4) | | | | | | | | Interregional.................................| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 New England...................................| 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 Middle Atlantic...............................| 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 East North Central............................| 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 West North Central............................| 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 South Atlantic................................| 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 East South Central............................| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 West South Central............................| 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 Mountain......................................| 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 Pacific.......................................| 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 __________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Regions and the States they comprise (including the District of Columbia) are the following: New England--Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; Middle Atlantic--New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania; East North Central--Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin; West North Central--Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota; South Atlantic--Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia; East South Central--Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi; West South Central--Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; Mountain--Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming; Pacific--Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Annual | Quarterly averages | averages | |___________|_______________________________________________ Measure | | | | | | | 1994 | 1995 | 1994| 1995|_______________________|_______________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV __________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ | | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First year(2) | | | | | | | | | | All industries........................| 2.0| 2.3| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9| 2.1| 3.2| 1.8 With COLA clauses....................| 2.7| 1.6| (3) | 3.2| (3) | 1.8| .4| 2.1| (3) | (3) Without COLA clauses.................| 1.8| 2.4| (3) | 1.6| (3) | 2.3| 2.2| 2.1| (3) | (3) With lump sums.......................| 2.2| 2.2| 2.5| 2.8| 1.0| 2.5| .8| 1.8| 3.3| 1.3 Without lump sums....................| 1.9| 2.4| 3.2| 1.9| .9| 2.2| 2.7| 2.2| 2.7| 2.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.5| 2.2| 2.5| 3.0| 1.8| 2.1| .7| 1.8| 3.3| 1.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.6| 2.4| 3.2| 1.4| .4| 2.2| 2.8| 2.2| 2.7| 2.6 Manufacturing.........................| 2.4| 2.0| 1.5| 3.0| 1.9| 2.7| 1.1| 2.3| 2.7| 2.1 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.4| 1.9| 1.0| 3.0| 2.0| 2.8| .7| (3) | (3) | 1.9 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.2| 2.3| 2.2| 2.8| 1.8| 2.6| 2.7| (3) | (3) | 2.4 Nonmanufacturing......................| 1.8| 2.4| 3.5| 1.7| .1| 2.1| 2.4| 2.1| 3.3| 1.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.6| 2.3| 3.6| 3.0| 1.4| 1.8| .7| (3) | (3) | 1.2 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.6| 2.4| 3.4| 1.3| -.3| 2.2| 2.8| (3) | (3) | 2.6 Construction..........................| 1.8| 2.5| (3) | 1.0| 2.2| (3) | (3) | 2.3| 2.8| (3) All industries excluding construction.| 2.0| 2.3| (3) | 2.6| .6| (3) | (3) | 1.9| 3.2| (3) Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction.......................| 1.8| 2.3| (3) | 2.3| -1.5| (3) | (3) | 1.7| 3.3| (3) Goods-producing.......................| 2.1| 2.2| 3.1| 1.9| 2.0| 2.7| 1.4| 2.3| 2.7| 2.3 Service-producing.....................| 1.8| 2.3| 2.9| 2.3| -1.6| 2.1| 2.4| 1.7| 3.3| 1.6 Annual average over the contract term(4) | | | | | | | | | | All industries.........................| 2.3| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 2.1| 2.2| 3.2| 2.3 With COLA clauses.....................| 2.5| 1.5| (3) | 2.7| (3) | 2.3| .7| 1.2| (3) | (3) Without COLA clauses..................| 2.3| 2.6| (3) | 2.3| (3) | 2.6| 2.3| 2.3| (3) | (3) With lump sums........................| 2.0| 2.4| 1.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.2| 1.1| 1.6| 3.2| 2.1 Without lump sums.....................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.8| 2.4| 1.9| 2.6| 2.8| 2.3| 3.2| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.3| 2.4| 1.7| 2.6| 2.1| 2.2| 1.1| 1.7| 3.2| 2.1 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.3| 2.6| 2.8| 2.3| 1.7| 2.6| 2.8| 2.3| 3.2| 2.7 Manufacturing..........................| 2.3| 2.1| 1.8| 2.5| 2.0| 2.5| 1.3| 2.2| 2.6| 2.3 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.3| 1.8| 1.3| 2.6| 2.1| 2.7| .9| (3) | (3) | 2.0 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.2| 2.7| 2.5| 2.5| 2.0| 2.4| 3.2| (3) | (3) | 3.2 Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.3| 2.6| 2.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.5| 2.6| 2.2| 3.3| 2.3 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.4| 2.7| 2.0| 2.7| 2.1| 2.0| 1.8| (3) | (3) | 2.1 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.3| 2.5| 2.9| 2.3| 1.6| 2.7| 2.8| (3) | (3) | 2.6 Construction...........................| 2.5| 2.7| (3) | 2.3| 2.5| (3) | (3) | 2.6| 3.1| (3) All industries excluding construction..| 2.3| 2.4| (3) | 2.5| 1.7| (3) | (3) | 1.8| 3.2| (3) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 2.2| 2.6| (3) | 2.5| 1.1| (3) | (3) | 1.5| 3.4| (3) Goods-producing........................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.8| 2.4| 2.2| 2.6| 1.7| 2.5| 2.7| 2.4 Service-producing......................| 2.2| 2.6| 2.2| 2.5| 1.1| 2.5| 2.5| 1.5| 3.4| 2.3 | | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | First year(2).........................| 2.3| 2.6| 3.0| 3.4| (5) | 1.5| 1.4| 1.9| 4.8| 1.4 With COLA clauses....................| 5.0| 1.4| - | 5.8| (3) | (3) | (3) | (3) | - | 1.7 Without COLA clauses.................| 1.5| 2.7| 3.0| 2.1| (3) | (3) | (3) | (3) | 4.8| 1.3 Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(4)................................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.7| 1.9| 3.7| 2.0 With COLA clauses................| 3.4| 1.6| - | 3.8| (3) | (3) | (3) | (3) | - | 1.9 Without COLA clauses.............| 2.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.4| (3) | (3) | (3) | (3) | 3.7| 2.1 __________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Data do not meet publication standards. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 5 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent. '-' Dashes indicate that there were no settlements. Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended |___________________________________________________________ | | | Measure | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |___________|_______________________|_______________________ | | | | | | | | | | | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV __________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ | | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First year(2) | | | | | | | | | | All industries........................| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 2.4| 2.3 With COLA clauses....................| 2.5| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 1.4| 1.6 Without COLA clauses.................| 1.8| 2.1| 2.3| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.8| 2.5| 2.4 With lump sums.......................| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.2| 1.8| 1.4| 2.6| 2.2 Without lump sums....................| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 1.7| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.9| 2.3| 2.4 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.2| 1.6| 2.6| 2.2 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.7| 2.0| 2.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.5| 1.9| 2.3| 2.4 Manufacturing.........................| 2.5| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 2.2| 1.9| 2.1| 2.0 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.3| 2.7| 2.4| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.2| 1.7| 2.0| 1.9 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 3.1| 2.9| 2.6| 2.6| 2.2| 2.2| 2.2| 2.2| 2.4| 2.3 Nonmanufacturing......................| 1.7| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.7| 2.5| 2.4 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.3| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.8| 2.6| 2.3| 1.5| 2.8| 2.3 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.5| 1.8| 2.0| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4| 1.8| 2.3| 2.4 Construction..........................| 2.0| 2.1| 2.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5 All industries excluding construction.| 1.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 1.9| 1.6| 2.4| 2.3 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction.......................| 1.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 1.8| 1.6| 1.3| 2.5| 2.3 Goods-producing.......................| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.1| 1.9| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2 Service-producing.....................| 1.5| 2.0| 2.2| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.3| 2.5| 2.3 Annual average over the contract term(3) | | | | | | | | | | All industries.........................| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.5| 2.5 With COLA clauses.....................| 2.1| 1.4| 1.0| 1.5| 1.7| 2.5| 2.4| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5 Without COLA clauses..................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.2| 2.6| 2.6 With lump sums........................| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.9| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.6| 2.6| 2.4 Without lump sums.....................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.5| 2.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2| 1.8| 2.5| 2.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.5| 2.6 Manufacturing..........................| 2.1| 1.5| 1.3| 1.5| 1.7| 2.3| 2.2| 2.0| 2.1| 2.1 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 1.8| 1.3| 1.0| 1.4| 1.5| 2.3| 2.1| 1.7| 1.8| 1.8 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.9| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.5| 2.7 Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.4| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.7| 2.6 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.5| 2.6| 2.7| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.9| 2.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5 Construction...........................| 2.4| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.6| 2.7| 2.7 All industries excluding construction..| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2| 2.0| 2.5| 2.4 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 2.7| 2.6 Goods-producing........................| 2.3| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.4| 2.4 Service-producing......................| 2.4| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 2.7| 2.6 | | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | First year(2).........................| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1| 1.2| 2.9| 2.6 With COLA clauses....................| 3.0| 3.2| (4) | 3.7| 4.0| 5.0| 4.6| 2.6| 1.2| 1.4 Without COLA clauses.................| 1.5| 2.9| (4) | 2.8| 2.6| 1.5| 1.1| 1.0| 3.0| 2.7 Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(3)................................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.8| 2.6| 2.5 With COLA clauses.................| 2.5| 1.7| (4) | 1.9| 2.1| 3.4| 3.1| 2.0| 1.2| 1.6 Without COLA clauses..............| 2.3| 2.8| (4) | 2.7| 2.6| 2.1| 2.0| 1.8| 2.7| 2.6 __________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the contract term. 4 Data do not meet publication standards. Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |___________|_______________________|_______________________ | | | | | | | | | | Item | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ | | Quarterly averages ________________________________________|___________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | Compensation ..................| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 2.8| 1.3 Cash payments (3)..............| .8| 1.4| 1.9| 1.4| .9| 1.5| 1.2| 1.1| 2.5| 1.4 Wages..........................| .7| 1.4| 1.7| 1.4| .9| 1.5| 1.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 1.1| 2.4| 2.1| 2.7| .5| .6| .9| 1.4| 3.3| 1.0 |___________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended |___________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.8| 1.7 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3| 1.1| 1.7| 1.6 Wages..........................| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.3| 1.3| 1.1| 1.6| 1.5 Benefits.......................| 1.7| 2.1| 2.0| 2.2| 2.2| 1.8| 1.6| .9| 1.9| 1.8 With contingent pay provisions(4) | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.4| 1.5| 1.4| 1.7| 1.9| 2.2| 2.1| 1.4| 2.5| 2.2 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.8| 1.7| 1.5| 2.1| 2.0 Wages..........................| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.3| 1.9| 1.8 Benefits.......................| 1.8| 2.0| 1.8| 2.3| 2.5| 3.0| 2.8| 1.1| 3.3| 2.7 Without contingent pay | | | | | | | | | | provisions(4) | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5| 1.3| 1.1| 1.0| 1.5| 1.5 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.1| 1.0| 1.6| 1.5 Wages..........................| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.0| 1.4| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 1.6| 2.1| 2.2| 2.1| 1.8| 1.3| 1.1| .9| 1.4| 1.4 Manufacturing | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.3| 1.5| 1.9| 1.7| 1.2| 1.7| 1.5 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.0| .8| .7| .9| 1.0| 1.7| 1.6| 1.3| 1.4| 1.4 Wages..........................| 1.2| 1.1| .9| 1.1| 1.2| 1.6| 1.4| 1.2| 1.2| 1.1 Benefits.......................| 1.4| 1.6| 1.5| 1.9| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 1.0| 2.0| 1.7 Nonmanufacturing | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.5| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 1.4| 1.3| 1.0| 1.8| 1.8 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.3| 1.6| 1.8| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.2| 1.1| 1.8| 1.7 Wages..........................| 1.3| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.5| 1.3| 1.2| 1.1| 1.6| 1.6 Benefits.......................| 1.8| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 1.6| 1.5| .9| 1.9| 1.8 Goods-producing | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.6| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4| 1.4| 1.6| 1.5 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.4| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.5| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3 Wages..........................| 1.5| 1.2| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.4| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2 Benefits.......................| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5| 1.5| 2.1| 1.8 Service-producing | | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.2| 1.8| 1.8| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.5| .8| 1.9| 1.8 Cash payments(3)...............| 1.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.0| 1.9| 1.8 Wages..........................| 1.0| 1.5| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.0| 1.7| 1.6 Benefits.......................| 1.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.7| 2.6| 1.9| 1.7| .4| 1.9| 1.8 ________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments. 4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, 1995 (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Compen-| Cash | | | Number of Measure | sation | payments-| Wages | Benefits | workers | | (3) | | | (000's) _____________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries..........................| 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 986 | | | | | With contingent pay provisions(4)....| 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 328 Without contingent pay provisions(4).| 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 659 | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 172 | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 814 | | | | | Goods-producing.........................| 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 315 | | | | | Service-producing.......................| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 671 _____________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments. 4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2) 1995 _______________________________________________________________ | Measure | All | industries __________________________________________________|____________ | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)............| 986 | | Percent of workers | | All settlements.................................| 100 | No change....................................| 4 Decreases(3).................................| 1 Increases....................................| 95 | Under 1 percent...........................| 23 1 and under 2 percent.....................| 30 2 and under 3 percent.....................| 25 3 percent and over........................| 16 | | Changes (in percent): | Mean change (percent)...........................| 1.7 Median change...................................| 1.7 | Mean increase (percent)......................| 1.8 Median increase..............................| 1.8 __________________________________________________|____________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the contract. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more, by year and quarter (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | |Annual averages| Quarterly averages |_______________|_______________________________________________________________ | | | | Item | | | 1994 | 1995 | 1994 | 1995 |_______________________________|_______________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV _____________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate change (1)...............| 2.7 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements......................| .6 | .7 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .2 | .2 Prior settlements.....................| 1.9 | 1.5 | .3 | .6 | .7 | .3 | .2 | .5 | .5 | .2 COLA provisions.......................| .2 | .2 | (2) | .1 | .1 | .1 | (2) | .1 | .1 | (2) | | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing............................| 2.4 | 2.3 | .4 | .7 | .6 | .7 | .4 | .8 | .6 | .5 Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.9 | 2.4 | .4 | .9 | 1.0 | .6 | .3 | .8 | .9 | .5 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction..............................| 2.9 | 2.3 | .4 | .6 | 1.2 | .7 | .3 | .5 | .9 | .5 Construction..........................| 2.7 | 2.8 | .3 | 1.6 | .7 | .2 | .2 | 1.6 | .7 | .2 Transportation and public utilities...| 2.8 | 2.2 | .2 | .7 | 1.9 | .2 | .2 | .4 | 1.3 | .4 Wholesale and retail trade............| 2.9 | 2.3 | .6 | .7 | .5 | 1.1 | .5 | .7 | .5 | .6 Services..............................| 3.3 | 2.2 | .8 | .3 | .6 | 1.6 | .6 | .5 | .7 | .4 Goods-producing.......................| 2.5 | 2.5 | .4 | 1.0 | .6 | .5 | .3 | 1.1 | .7 | .4 Service-producing.....................| 2.9 | 2.3 | .4 | .6 | 1.2 | .6 | .4 | .5 | .9 | .5 | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase(3)..............| 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.8 | | | | | | | | | | Source:(4) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements................| 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 Prior settlements.....................| 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.6 COLA provisions.......................| 1.7 | 1.7 | .3 | .5 | .5 | .7 | .3 | .7 | .5 | .4 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage increases | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands)(5).........................|4,644.6|4,209.5|1,335.1|2,023.7|2,061.5|1,569.3|1,214.5|1,958.3|1,836.2|1,389.4 | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements......................|1,083.3|1,116.5| 149.0| 432.9| 317.5| 292.8| 99.9| 314.1| 376.5| 353.3 Prior settlements.....................|3,037.1|2,602.3| 558.2| 941.0|1,133.7| 646.9| 507.2|1,020.5| 853.9| 413.0 COLA provisions.......................| 760.8| 718.5| 689.5| 655.8| 628.9| 695.0| 626.7| 676.0| 627.0| 636.4 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a wage | | | | | | | | | | increase (in thousands)...................| 777.3|1,173.7|4,086.8|3,398.2|3,360.4|3,852.6|4,168.6|3,424.8|3,546.9|3,993.7 _____________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______ 1 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 2 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. 3 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase. 4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase. 5 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source. Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended |_______________________________________________________________________________ | | | Item | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |_______________|_______________________________|_______________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV _____________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate change (1).....| 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| .6 | .9 | .9 | .9 | .8 | .6 | .5 | .5 | .6 | .7 Prior settlements............| 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 COLA provisions..............| .3 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .3 | .3 | .3 | .2 | | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing................| 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 Nonmanufacturing.............| 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction................| 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 Construction.................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | | utilities...................| 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 Wholesale and retail trade...| 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 Services.....................| 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.2 Goods-producing..............| 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 Service-producing............| 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase(2)....| 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source:(3) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 Prior settlements............| 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 COLA provisions..............| 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)(4)......|4,468.8|4,795.1|4,696.5|4,598.6|4,512.5|4,644.6|4,621.0|4,446.5|4,286.0|4,209.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........|1,229.8|1,671.7|1,651.8|1,748.1|1,689.4|1,083.3|1,087.0| 975.4|1,048.3|1,116.5 Prior settlements............|2,965.9|2,999.2|2,989.1|2,888.2|2,965.4|3,037.1|3,018.5|3,110.7|2,831.0|2,602.3 COLA provisions..............| 921.2| 872.2| 839.2| 843.2| 786.2| 760.8| 748.4| 744.7| 752.3| 718.5 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | | | | wage increase (in thousands).....|1,050.7| 681.0| 779.6| 877.5| 963.7| 777.3| 799.4| 973.9|1,134.5|1,173.7 _____________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______ 1 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 2 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an increase. 3 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an increase. 4 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source.