Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-18-1825
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, November 15, 2018

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                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - OCTOBER 2018                               

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.5 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
after advancing 0.2 percent in September. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the October 
increase. U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October after recording no change in September. 

Imports

Import prices advanced 0.5 percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 0.9-percent rise in May. 
Prices for U.S. imports rose 3.5 percent from October 2017 to October 2018 and have not recorded an over-
the-year decrease in 2 years when the index declined 0.2 in October 2016. (See table 1.)  

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels increased 3.3 percent in October, after advancing 0.7 
percent in September; the rise was the largest monthly advance since a 6.1-percent increase in May. Higher 
prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the advance in October. Prices for petroleum 
increased 2.8 percent in October after rising 0.9 percent the previous month. Natural gas prices rose 24.6 
percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 25.7-percent advance in November 2017. Fuel 
prices increased 30.3 percent for the year ended in October, led by a 31.4-percent advance in petroleum 
prices. The price index for natural gas rose 24.6 percent over the past 12 months.  

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices advanced 0.2 percent in October, after recording no 
change in September. Higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages drove the October advance and more 
than offset decreasing prices for capital goods; consumer goods; and nonfuel industrial supplies and 
materials. The price index for nonfuel imports increased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. The over-the-
year advance was driven mostly by a 3.4-percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, as well as 
higher prices for consumer goods and automotive vehicles. In contrast, prices for capital goods and foods, 
feeds, and beverages fell over the past year.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 0.1 
percent in October after declining 0.4 percent in September. The October decrease was driven by lower 
prices for selected building materials and finished metals.   

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were little changed in October. Capital goods and consumer goods 
prices both edged down 0.1 percent and the price index for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.2 percent in October, 
after advancing 2.0 percent in September. The October increase was led by a 30.6-percent rise in vegetable 
prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2017
October	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.0	-0.1
November	1.0	9.8	0.0	0.5	-0.7	0.7
December	0.2	3.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0
2018
January	0.8	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.8
February	0.2	-1.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.2
March	-0.2	-2.6	0.1	0.4	3.2	0.1
April	0.5	4.0	0.1	0.5	-1.1	0.7
May	0.9	6.1	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.6
June	0.0	2.6	-0.3	0.2	-1.0	0.3
July	-0.1	(r)0.8	-0.2	-0.5	-5.2	0.1
August	-0.4	(r)-2.1	-0.2	(r)-0.1	0.3	-0.2
September	(r)0.2	(r)0.7	0.0	0.0	(r)-1.3	0.2
October	0.5	3.3	0.2	0.4	-0.3	0.5
Oct. 2016 to 2017	2.4	12.4	1.4	2.7	3.6	2.6
Oct. 2017 to 2018	3.5	30.3	0.7	3.1	-4.5	3.9
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October, after recording no change in September. The October 
advance was the largest monthly increase since the index rose 0.7 percent in May. Higher nonagricultural 
prices more than offset decreasing agricultural prices. For the 12-month period ended in October, U.S. 
export prices advanced 3.1 percent. (See table 2.)  

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 0.3 percent in October after declining 6.1 percent over 
the previous 3 months. The October drop in agricultural prices was led by lower nut and cotton prices, 
which fell 4.6 percent and 5.3 percent, respectively. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 4.5 
percent over the past year, the largest decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in May 2016. Falling prices for 
soybeans, nuts, and meat all contributed to the 12-month decrease.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.5 percent in October 
following a 0.2-percent increase in September. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials drove the October advance; rising automotive vehicles prices also contributed to the increase. In 
contrast, consumer goods prices fell in October. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 3.9 
percent over the past 12 months and has not recorded an over-the-year decline since the index decreased 0.2 
percent in November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 1.7 percent in October, after rising 0.2 percent in September. The October increase was led by 
higher prices for fuels and paper.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in October. The price index for consumer goods 
declined 0.2 percent, automotive vehicles prices ticked up 0.1 percent, and the price index for capital goods 
recorded no change. The decrease in consumer goods prices was driven by lower prices for household goods 
and the increase in prices for automotive vehicles was led by a 0.4-percent advance in prices for vehicles 
designed to transport goods.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent after recording no 
change in September and declining 0.2 percent in August. Despite the recent decreases, import prices from 
China advanced 0.3 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.1 
percent in October, the first monthly increase since the index rose 0.2 percent in July. Import prices from 
Japan advanced 1.3 percent for the year ended in October, the largest 12-month increase since the index rose 
1.4 percent in March 2017. Import prices from the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in October, the 
largest increase since the index rose 0.3 percent in May. The price indexes for imports from Canada and 
Mexico also increased in October, advancing 1.3 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. Higher fuel prices 
contributed to both increases. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 1.0 percent in October, after 
declining 1.7 percent in September. The October advance was the largest rise since the index increased 1.2 
percent in March. The index for export prices to Japan rose 0.2 percent in October. The price index for 
exports to Mexico advanced 1.1 percent in October, the largest increase since the index rose 1.2 percent in 
January. Export prices to Canada rose 0.4 percent, after a 0.4-percent increase the previous month. Those 
were the largest monthly increases since a 0.8-percent advance in May. The price index for exports to the 
European Union increased 0.3 percent in October, matching the rise in May. The last time the index 
advanced by more than 0.3 percent was a 0.7-percent advance in April. (See table 8.)     

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 
measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 
with China rose 1.1 percent in October following a 1.7-percent decline in September. The October increase 
resulted from both the export price index to China rising and prices for imports from China decreasing. The 
index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in October after declining 0.1 percent the 
previous month. The U.S. terms of trade index with Canada declined 0.9 percent, the largest decrease since 
the index fell 2.4 percent in May. The U.S. terms of trade index with Mexico advanced 0.7 percent in 
October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent following a 0.2-
percent advance in September. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 0.7 percent in October, after advancing 10.7 percent in 
September. A 2.8-percent increase in European fares, a 0.7-percent advance in Asian fares, and a 1.7-
percent rise in Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the overall increase for air passenger fares 
in October. Despite the monthly advances in October and September, import air passenger fares fell 2.2 
percent over the past year; the drop was the largest 12-month decline since a 3.7-percent decrease in 
September 2017. Import air freight prices rose 2.4 percent in October and 10.5 percent over the past 12 
months. (See table 10.)  

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 1.8 percent in October, after decreasing 2.8 percent in 
September and 3.7 percent in August. The October decrease was driven by a 6.0-percent decline in Asian 
fares and a 2.0-percent drop in Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index for export air passenger fares 
decreased 2.9 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for export air freight rose 0.5 percent in 
October and declined 1.0 percent over the past year.           
		
Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Thursday, December 13, 2018 
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.8	128.4	3.5	-0.1	-0.4	0.2	0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.314	100.3	100.2	0.7	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		88.897	113.2	113.4	0.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		88.286	117.4	117.6	0.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.972	179.6	183.5	-0.6	-1.5	0.5	2.0	2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.674	196.4	201.9	-0.9	-2.1	0.7	2.3	2.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.298	142.2	141.9	0.7	0.7	-0.1	0.9	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.918	197.7	200.6	14.2	-0.2	-1.4	0.1	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.873	156.1	156.9	3.8	-0.8	-1.0	-0.5	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.192	178.6	178.5	3.4	-1.0	-1.0	-0.4	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.964	168.6	167.7	1.9	-1.6	-1.4	-0.9	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.852	140.3	143.3	6.8	0.5	-0.3	-0.1	2.1
Fuels & lubricants	10	11.714	229.2	236.7	30.3	0.8	-2.1	0.7	3.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.103	253.8	260.9	31.4	0.5	-2.1	0.9	2.8
Crude	10000	7.990	267.3	274.2	33.8	0.7	-3.1	1.4	2.6
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.430	85.4	100.0	21.4	8.1	-3.0	-2.8	17.1
Gas-natural	10110	0.284	65.8	82.0	24.6	21.5	-5.0	-4.2	24.6
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.595	122.5	122.7	13.0	1.9	1.2	0.2	0.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.707	162.5	164.0	4.9	-0.5	-0.2	0.2	0.9
Selected building materials	13	1.617	152.6	145.0	-4.9	-2.0	-2.6	-1.8	-5.0
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.801	230.6	233.5	4.1	-2.8	-2.0	-1.4	1.3
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.789	160.7	160.0	2.2	-0.4	-1.2	-0.1	-0.4
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.695	114.7	114.0	3.4	0.5	0.6	0.3	-0.6
Capital goods	2	26.437	89.3	89.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.224	118.1	117.9	0.8	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.999	81.7	81.7	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.213	134.5	134.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.686	110.4	110.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.987	107.6	107.5	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.848	123.8	123.7	2.0	0.8	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	11.852	92.5	92.4	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.287	115.3	115.1	0.2	-1.0	1.0	0.3	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.3	127.8	3.1	-0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.4
Agricultural commodities		9.456	172.9	172.3	-4.5	-5.2	0.3	-1.3	-0.3
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.622	101.4	101.4	1.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		90.544	123.8	124.4	3.9	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.5
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.856	174.6	174.7	-4.6	-4.7	0.5	-1.4	0.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.217	172.4	172.5	-5.3	-5.2	0.4	-1.5	0.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.639	216.7	216.2	5.3	1.9	0.9	1.1	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.090	163.5	165.8	9.4	-0.1	-0.5	0.2	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.147	162.2	162.4	0.4	-1.2	-2.2	-0.6	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.943	164.3	167.7	14.2	0.4	0.2	0.6	2.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.239	182.0	177.2	1.2	-4.9	-0.4	0.1	-2.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.851	162.9	165.6	9.8	0.1	-0.6	0.2	1.7
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.522	210.2	219.3	24.3	0.9	0.4	1.4	4.3
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.320	158.9	159.4	3.7	-0.4	-1.0	-0.4	0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.009	123.0	121.7	-1.5	0.1	-1.2	-0.5	-1.1
Capital goods	2	36.547	110.1	110.1	1.5	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.905	117.7	117.1	1.5	-0.5	0.9	-0.2	-0.5
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.490	95.0	95.0	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.152	177.0	177.1	3.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.057	114.2	114.3	0.8	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.450	109.8	109.6	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.060	106.5	106.6	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	4.957	107.5	106.9	-0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		10.448	120.4	125.1	23.6	0.4	-2.2	1.9	3.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.945	178.7	189.8	-1.8	-4.1	2.2	5.9	6.2
Crop production	111	1.567	190.9	205.3	-3.0	-5.1	2.4	7.5	7.5
Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)	112	0.188	76.3	78.7	7.5	-0.7	0.7	-0.5	3.1
Mining	21	8.503	115.0	118.9	31.5	1.3	-3.2	1.1	3.4
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.266	115.4	119.3	32.6	1.4	-3.3	1.2	3.4
Manufacturing		89.281	112.2	112.3	1.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.246	125.0	125.0	0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0
Food manufacturing	311	3.359	155.5	155.7	-0.6	-0.8	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.096	121.8	122.0	2.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.381	100.2	100.1	0.6	0.2	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.910	109.0	109.0	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-0.6	0.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.840	111.9	111.9	0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.661	123.3	123.1	0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.539	129.3	129.6	6.6	0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.2
Wood product manufacturing	321	0.999	135.1	124.0	-8.3	-2.9	-3.8	-2.5	-8.2
Paper manufacturing	322	1.081	115.8	115.9	9.4	1.8	1.8	-0.1	0.1
Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2016=100)	323	0.220	106.4	106.4	7.5	1.0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.848	104.6	107.8	27.9	-0.1	1.0	-0.4	3.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.220	141.9	142.4	4.6	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.183	119.5	119.6	1.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.988	131.3	131.2	1.9	0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.495	104.4	104.5	0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.348	153.5	155.3	4.3	-2.4	-2.1	-1.0	1.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.086	127.8	127.4	1.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.721	118.5	118.5	0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.770	74.9	74.7	-1.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	4.878	116.1	116.1	0.9	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.647	109.5	109.6	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.770	117.5	117.3	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.274	118.3	118.6	0.9	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		8.283	137.2	137.2	-0.4	-5.3	1.4	-0.9	0.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.765	145.5	145.1	-7.6	-8.7	1.6	-2.9	-0.3
Crop production	111	4.393	151.0	150.9	-7.5	-9.0	2.0	-3.3	-0.1
Mining	21	3.518	97.1	97.5	11.3	-0.3	1.2	2.0	0.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.139	113.1	113.0	5.4	1.1	-2.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing		90.264	117.4	117.9	3.6	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.872	139.5	138.8	-0.3	-0.9	-0.6	0.4	-0.5
Food manufacturing	311	4.651	156.0	155.2	-1.9	-0.8	-0.8	-0.1	-0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.701	122.5	121.2	5.4	-3.4	-1.5	2.8	-1.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)	313	0.644	105.4	105.1	3.9	0.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.3
Leather and allied product manufacturing (Dec. 2016=100)	316	0.256	93.1	93.1	-2.6	-1.8	-0.3	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.895	119.9	122.1	10.3	0.6	-0.1	0.3	1.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.534	102.8	101.4	-	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-1.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.720	132.5	132.6	7.1	0.8	-0.2	0.5	0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.006	124.3	131.6	30.2	1.6	-0.6	1.1	5.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.332	120.0	120.5	4.4	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.232	115.9	115.9	1.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.829	117.0	116.9	1.8	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.497	114.1	114.0	1.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	3.814	141.6	141.9	2.0	-2.0	-2.1	-0.1	0.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.040	141.0	141.7	2.6	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.957	127.7	128.2	2.0	0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.964	83.4	83.0	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.5
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.861	118.3	117.8	1.8	-0.3	0.6	-0.1	-0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.117	127.2	127.3	2.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.404	120.7	120.7	2.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.341	120.3	120.3	0.8	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.352	192.6	194.2	1.6	0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.8
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.358	239.0	240.3	-2.9	-0.8	-0.4	-2.6	0.5
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.706	141.8	142.4	1.7	0.7	-0.2	1.9	0.4
Vegetable products	II	1.920	210.7	226.0	-3.0	-4.8	3.0	6.7	7.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.357	384.1	552.3	21.6	1.5	0.0	5.9	43.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.846	135.3	132.1	-12.8	-9.2	4.8	14.7	-2.4
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.302	201.4	204.3	-9.2	-1.0	-1.0	-3.6	1.4
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.254	97.6	95.4	-18.6	-1.3	-1.1	-0.2	-2.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.783	166.2	165.5	2.2	-0.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.4
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2012=100)	17	0.194	88.1	88.0	0.9	-0.1	-0.3	0.7	-0.1
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.203	98.4	96.7	1.8	-1.2	-3.2	2.0	-1.7
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.374	174.6	174.9	2.2	0.3	0.7	0.9	0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.207	103.3	103.0	-	1.1	0.1	0.0	-0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.037	132.0	132.2	2.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2
Mineral products	V	11.528	229.5	236.8	30.5	1.0	-2.1	0.7	3.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.266	227.3	234.8	31.3	0.8	-2.1	0.8	3.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.565	159.9	160.4	5.3	0.9	-0.1	0.3	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.642	326.6	334.6	23.0	0.5	-0.4	3.6	2.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.432	133.5	133.2	6.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.507	153.8	153.7	3.9	1.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.267	83.5	89.8	14.2	-0.1	2.6	-0.5	7.5
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)	32	0.182	106.9	106.7	0.8	1.1	-0.9	-1.2	-0.2
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.578	103.4	103.7	1.2	-0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.635	106.9	106.9	1.4	0.2	-0.4	0.0	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.392	141.3	141.6	0.7	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.239	144.8	145.3	1.6	0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.153	136.7	136.3	-1.0	-0.6	0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.630	124.9	124.9	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.597	130.9	130.9	1.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.032	164.7	151.6	-7.8	-2.9	-3.7	-2.4	-8.0
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2014=100)	44	1.008	113.7	104.4	-8.0	-3.0	-3.7	-2.4	-8.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.131	121.3	121.3	9.4	2.0	0.9	-0.1	0.0
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.736	111.0	111.4	8.1	2.2	0.7	-0.4	0.4
Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)	49	0.215	111.9	111.1	5.9	0.9	0.4	0.1	-0.7
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.982	114.5	114.5	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.000	104.4	104.5	0.9	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.699	120.4	120.3	1.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.635	104.1	104.2	0.3	0.0	0.4	-0.2	0.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.373	122.4	122.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.149	121.3	121.0	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.922	132.2	132.3	1.0	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.331	99.8	99.7	2.6	0.0	-0.7	0.1	-0.1
Ceramic products	69	0.255	135.1	135.3	-0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Glass and glassware	70	0.336	132.3	132.5	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.935	167.3	168.7	-1.1	-1.7	-1.6	-0.7	0.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.552	179.9	180.5	3.6	-1.1	-1.2	-0.6	0.3
Iron and steel	72	1.357	230.6	230.8	13.0	0.7	-1.1	0.0	0.1
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.597	152.4	151.1	1.5	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.9
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.373	270.9	283.5	-2.9	-7.1	-4.7	-3.1	4.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.933	138.1	139.1	2.1	-1.8	-1.4	-0.9	0.7
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.417	123.3	123.6	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.511	137.0	136.8	-0.7	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.584	80.4	80.3	-0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.016	86.8	86.8	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.568	74.4	74.2	-1.2	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.872	114.2	114.3	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.688	113.3	113.4	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.095	114.9	115.0	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.811	102.2	102.5	0.5	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.525	98.8	99.0	0.4	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.2
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.226	142.3	143.7	-0.1	0.4	-0.3	0.4	1.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.294	112.8	112.9	1.5	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.704	118.5	118.5	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.308	103.2	103.5	2.2	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.282	129.5	130.2	0.4	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.921	207.6	207.8	-0.5	0.7	-1.0	0.1	0.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.132	160.5	160.1	-4.0	0.6	-1.9	-1.2	-0.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.420	119.3	119.3	5.7	2.9	0.6	0.9	0.0
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2017=100)	04	0.293	107.5	109.5	-	-1.6	0.9	4.4	1.9
Vegetable products	II	4.418	183.4	184.1	-8.0	-8.9	1.6	-2.6	0.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.808	130.6	129.2	-10.7	-5.3	-3.0	-0.3	-1.1
Cereals	10	1.404	190.5	190.9	6.8	-7.7	5.0	-3.2	0.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.681	178.7	178.6	-10.5	-11.7	2.4	-6.9	-0.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.045	150.5	149.7	0.1	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	-0.5
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100)	20	0.341	116.2	116.2	-0.9	-0.5	0.1	-0.5	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.569	97.8	97.6	-	-1.5	1.7	0.3	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.514	105.8	106.1	-5.2	-0.5	-1.0	-2.7	0.3
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.724	215.8	210.1	7.5	-4.3	-2.2	1.2	-2.6
Mineral products	V	10.863	251.3	261.4	23.5	0.9	0.0	1.3	4.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.478	94.8	94.7	-8.0	-2.5	-7.3	-3.0	-0.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.204	244.2	254.6	25.9	1.0	0.4	1.6	4.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.790	139.5	139.9	3.5	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.672	151.7	146.7	-7.2	-5.5	-3.2	-0.7	-3.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.622	149.4	151.2	11.6	1.0	0.6	0.7	1.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.186	106.5	106.4	0.9	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100)	31	0.273	127.9	132.5	26.7	0.5	1.6	4.1	3.6
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.531	102.4	102.5	0.5	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.808	130.9	130.7	-1.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.492	119.8	121.5	-3.6	-0.2	0.5	-0.1	1.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.823	154.0	154.6	5.9	0.8	0.1	0.1	0.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.195	145.1	145.7	4.2	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.308	141.5	142.2	4.6	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.5
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.887	159.3	159.3	2.1	-0.6	0.5	-0.1	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.661	102.9	100.5	-3.1	-0.5	-2.0	-1.4	-2.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	2.087	133.5	136.0	12.3	1.1	-0.4	-0.9	1.9
Woodpulp and recovered paper	47	0.647	141.2	148.6	31.6	2.7	-1.7	-2.3	5.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.104	129.6	130.0	4.5	0.6	0.1	-0.2	0.3
Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)	49	0.336	107.9	108.4	6.8	-0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.5
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.694	125.8	124.4	3.9	-1.0	1.2	-0.3	-1.1
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.454	135.0	129.3	5.0	-3.2	2.3	-3.7	-4.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.803	124.3	124.3	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.270	102.6	102.6	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0
Glass and glassware	70	0.409	99.2	99.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.926	230.4	232.0	-1.1	-1.5	-1.3	-0.7	0.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.873	159.9	160.0	2.1	-0.7	-2.3	-0.2	0.1
Iron and steel	72	1.112	179.5	179.7	8.6	-0.1	-3.2	1.6	0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.507	179.6	184.2	-3.4	-4.6	-5.2	-3.4	2.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.899	112.2	110.8	-4.4	-2.7	-5.3	-1.6	-1.2
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100)	82	0.314	100.0	100.0	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.342	152.9	152.9	3.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.537	97.8	97.7	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.795	115.2	115.4	1.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.743	79.0	78.6	0.6	0.0	0.4	0.0	-0.5
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.281	135.6	135.7	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.272	116.4	116.6	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.936	109.4	108.9	1.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.396	112.8	112.8	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.818	129.9	129.9	1.2	1.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.416	87.6	87.6	-1.4	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	124.5	125.0	3.7	0.1	-0.5	-0.7	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	8.948	156.8	163.7	18.2	2.5	-2.9	-5.1	4.4
Manufacturing	90.555	121.3	121.4	2.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Canada	100.000	133.5	135.2	6.8	-0.1	-1.2	-1.8	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	23.929	149.1	156.1	18.5	2.7	-2.9	-5.6	4.7
Manufacturing	75.233	133.0	133.2	3.1	-1.0	-0.5	-0.4	0.2
European Union	100.000	137.0	137.3	2.5	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	98.992	133.5	133.8	2.5	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.4	128.8	2.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.3
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	111.9	111.9	-2.9	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.0
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.4	122.2	3.0	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	0.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	152.5	153.4	4.4	0.1	-0.7	1.1	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	20.240	287.6	295.6	21.8	0.8	-1.6	5.7	2.8
Manufacturing	79.491	122.2	122.3	0.7	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.7	130.2	1.0	-0.4	0.1	0.9	0.4
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	10.234	157.6	163.6	19.4	2.2	1.0	11.3	3.8
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	89.514	88.1	88.1	-0.7	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.1	99.0	0.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	100.2	100.1	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.6	96.7	1.3	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	88.7	88.9	1.6	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	0.2
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.8	98.3	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.5
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	197.1	202.4	24.6	0.3	-0.3	2.7	2.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.5	102.7	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	6.616	101.3	100.9	-	3.1	0.8	1.7	-0.4
Manufacturing	92.187	102.7	102.9	-	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2
Canada	100.000	104.3	104.7	-	-0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4
European Union	100.000	103.3	103.6	-	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	4.914	101.9	98.4	-	-2.4	0.9	0.1	-3.4
Manufacturing	94.107	103.5	103.9	-	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.4
Germany	100.000	100.8	100.8	-	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	104.0	105.1	-	0.1	0.0	0.3	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.365	104.4	106.2	-	-2.8	2.3	-1.2	1.7
Manufacturing	93.293	104.0	105.1	-	0.2	-0.1	0.4	1.1
Mexico	100.000	102.7	103.8	-	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.173	103.1	104.7	-	-2.3	1.5	-0.9	1.6
Manufacturing	93.428	102.7	103.7	-	0.2	-0.1	0.1	1.0
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	99.8	99.9	-	-1.0	-0.4	-0.6	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	11.434	92.0	90.0	-	-6.9	0.7	-4.9	-2.2
Manufacturing	86.243	101.1	101.3	-	-0.2	-0.4	0.2	0.2
China	100.000	98.1	99.1	-	-2.2	-0.2	-1.7	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	17.692	89.2	89.7	-	-9.9	1.8	-6.4	0.6
Manufacturing	78.084	100.6	101.3	-	-0.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.7
Japan	100.000	100.5	100.7	-	-0.9	0.1	-0.3	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	14.828	98.6	98.8	-	-5.6	1.4	-1.6	0.2
Manufacturing	84.255	100.9	101.0	-	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2017 to October 2018(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
			Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.8	100.6	-	-0.1	0.5	0.8	-0.2
Canada	102.7	101.8	-	0.1	1.3	2.2	-0.9
European Union	101.5	101.6	-	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	103.7	103.7	-	0.0	-0.5	-0.3	0.0
Latin America(3)	101.5	102.0	-	0.1	0.6	-0.8	0.5
Mexico	102.1	102.8	-	0.5	-0.1	-0.9	0.7
Pacific Rim(4)	99.1	99.3	-	-0.9	-0.3	-0.5	0.2
China	98.0	99.1	-	-2.1	0.0	-1.7	1.1
Japan	99.4	99.5	-	-1.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2018	Oct. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2017 to Oct. 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	188.9	193.4	10.5	-2.4	-0.4	0.8	2.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.393	145.7	150.4	5.0	-0.8	-0.3	-1.1	3.2
Asia	64.492	184.3	189.0	13.9	-3.3	-0.6	1.8	2.6
Export Air Freight	100.000	164.3	165.2	-1.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.4	0.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.986	149.3	149.1	-0.7	-0.5	-0.1	0.8	-0.1
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	172.6	175.6	8.5	-2.0	-0.6	1.1	1.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.455	135.6	137.5	6.2	-0.2	-0.7	-0.1	1.4
Asia	59.544	164.5	168.1	8.0	-2.8	-0.7	1.9	2.2
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	145.1	144.3	2.8	3.5	3.3	-2.8	-0.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.932	149.0	149.7	4.1	-0.7	0.1	0.6	0.5
Asia	43.893	142.9	140.3	4.7	8.5	7.7	-6.7	-1.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	181.0	182.3	-2.2	-5.8	-8.8	10.7	0.7
Europe	43.357	211.5	217.4	2.5	-8.5	-12.2	20.3	2.8
Asia	22.405	132.3	133.2	-1.7	-7.9	-8.0	-0.6	0.7
Latin America/Caribbean	8.745	148.8	151.4	-2.4	2.3	-4.2	-5.5	1.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	151.2	148.5	-2.9	1.6	-3.7	-2.8	-1.8
Europe	30.391	198.5	198.2	-6.8	0.3	-11.1	4.8	-0.2
Asia	27.354	134.9	126.8	9.3	4.4	2.0	-7.1	-6.0
Latin America/Caribbean	23.268	153.2	150.1	-6.2	0.9	-1.5	-5.5	-2.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
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