For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, February 25, 2014 USDL-14-0314
Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
VOLUNTEERING IN THE UNITED STATES -- 2013
The volunteer rate declined by 1.1 percentage points to 25.4 percent for the year ending
in September 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. About 62.6 million
people volunteered through or for an organization at least once between September 2012
and September 2013. The volunteer rate in 2013 was the lowest it has been since the
supplement was first administered in 2002.
These data on volunteering were collected through a supplement to the September 2013
Current Population Survey (CPS). The supplement was sponsored by the Corporation for
National and Community Service. The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000 households
that obtains information on employment and unemployment for the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over. Volunteers are defined as persons who did
unpaid work (except for expenses) through or for an organization. For more information
about the volunteer supplement, see the Technical Note.
Volunteering Among Demographic Groups
The volunteer rates for both men and women (22.2 percent and 28.4 percent, respectively)
declined the year ending in September 2013. Women continued to volunteer at a higher rate
than did men across all age groups, educational levels, and other major demographic
characteristics. (See tables A and 1.)
By age, 35- to 44-year-olds were most likely to volunteer (30.6 percent). Volunteer rates
were lowest among 20- to 24-year-olds (18.5 percent). For persons 45 years and over, the
volunteer rate tapered off as age increased. Teens (16- to 19-year-olds) had a volunteer
rate of 26.2 percent.
Among the major race and ethnicity groups, whites continued to volunteer at a higher rate
(27.1 percent) than did blacks (18.5 percent), Asians (19.0 percent), and Hispanics
(15.5 percent). Of these groups, the volunteer rate fell for whites (by 0.7 percentage
point) and blacks (by 2.6 percentage points) in 2013. The volunteer rates for Asians and
Hispanics were little changed.
Married persons volunteered at a higher rate (30.7 percent) in 2013 than did those who had
never married (20.0 percent) and those with other marital statuses (20.5 percent). The
rates declined over the year for each marital status category. In 2013, the volunteer rate
of parents with children under age 18 (32.9 percent) remained higher than the rate for
persons without children (22.7 percent). The volunteer rate of persons without children
under age 18 declined over the year, while the rate for parents was little changed.
Individuals with higher levels of education engaged in volunteer activities at higher rates
than did those with less education in 2013. Among persons age 25 and over, 39.8 percent of
college graduates volunteered, compared with 27.7 percent of persons with some college or
an associate’s degree, 16.7 percent of high school graduates, and 9.0 percent of those with
less than a high school diploma. The rate of volunteering was about unchanged for people
with less than a high school diploma, while the rate declined for persons in all other
educational attainment categories.
Volunteers by Employment Status
Among employed persons, 27.7 percent volunteered during the year ending in September 2013.
By comparison, 24.1 percent of unemployed persons and 21.9 percent of those not in the
labor force volunteered. Among the employed, part-time workers were more likely than
full-time workers to have participated in volunteer activities--31.7 percent, compared
with 26.8 percent. The volunteer rate was little changed among unemployed persons but
declined for the employed and those not in the labor force. (See table 1.)
Table A. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2009 through September 2013
September September September September September
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Characteristics Per- Per- Per- Per- Per-
cent cent cent cent cent
of of of of of
Number pop- Number pop- Number pop- Number pop- Number pop-
ula- ula- ula- ula- ula-
tion tion tion tion tion
Sex
Total, both sexes... 63,361 26.8 62,790 26.3 64,252 26.8 64,513 26.5 62,615 25.4
Men................ 26,655 23.3 26,787 23.2 27,354 23.5 27,238 23.2 26,404 22.2
Women ............. 36,706 30.1 36,004 29.3 36,898 29.9 37,274 29.5 36,211 28.4
Age
Total, 16 years
and over........... 63,361 26.8 62,790 26.3 64,252 26.8 64,513 26.5 62,615 25.4
16 to 24 years..... 8,290 22.0 8,297 21.9 8,578 22.5 8,776 22.6 8,466 21.8
25 to 34 years..... 9,511 23.5 9,140 22.3 9,691 23.3 9,513 23.2 9,118 21.9
35 to 44 years..... 12,835 31.5 12,904 32.2 12,566 31.8 12,527 31.6 12,098 30.6
45 to 54 years..... 13,703 30.8 13,435 30.3 13,420 30.6 12,777 29.3 12,184 28.2
55 to 64 years..... 9,894 28.3 9,830 27.2 10,449 28.1 10,619 27.6 10,191 26.0
65 years and over.. 9,129 23.9 9,184 23.6 9,547 24.0 10,301 24.4 10,558 24.1
Race and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity
White............... 54,078 28.3 53,556 27.8 54,432 28.2 53,778 27.8 52,685 27.1
Black or African
American........... 5,712 20.2 5,580 19.4 5,934 20.3 6,316 21.1 5,637 18.5
Asian............... 2,060 19.0 2,207 19.6 2,304 20.0 2,524 19.6 2,525 19.0
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity.......... 4,873 14.7 4,982 14.7 5,151 14.9 5,635 15.2 5,838 15.5
Educational
attainment (1)
Less than a high
school diploma..... 2,242 8.6 2,231 8.8 2,461 9.8 2,177 8.8 2,204 9.0
High school
graduates, no
college (2)........ 11,408 18.8 10,887 17.9 11,049 18.2 10,527 17.3 10,138 16.7
Some college or
associate degree... 15,931 30.5 5,505 29.2 15,946 29.5 15,832 28.7 15,562 27.7
Bachelor's degree
and higher (3)..... 25,490 42.8 25,870 42.3 26,218 42.4 27,202 42.2 26,244 39.8
Employment status
Civilian labor
force.............. 44,833 29.0 44,522 28.7 45,249 29.1 44,974 28.7 43,162 27.5
Employed........... 41,372 29.7 40,980 29.2 41,881 29.6 42,083 29.1 40,401 27.7
Full time (4)..... 32,085 28.7 31,625 28.2 32,517 28.7 32,568 28.1 31,524 26.8
Part time (5)..... 9,287 33.7 9,355 33.2 9,363 33.3 9,515 33.4 8,877 31.7
Unemployed......... 3,462 22.9 3,542 23.8 3,368 23.8 2,891 23.8 2,761 24.1
Not in the labor
force.............. 18,528 22.6 18,268 22.0 19,003 22.5 19,539 22.4 19,452 21.9
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
5 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose
ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data on volunteers
relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any
point in the year ending in September. See the Technical Note for further information.
Total Annual Hours Spent Volunteering
Volunteers spent a median of 50 hours on volunteer activities during the period from
September 2012 to September 2013. Time spent on volunteer activities was similar for
women and men. Among those who volunteered, median annual hours spent on volunteer
activities ranged from a low of 36 hours for those 25 to 34 years old to a high of 86
hours for those age 65 and over. (See table 2.)
Number and Type of Organizations
Most volunteers were involved with either one or two organizations--71.3 percent and
19.0 percent, respectively. Individuals with higher educational attainment were more
likely to volunteer for multiple organizations than were those with less education.
(See table 3.)
In 2013, the main organization--the organization for which the volunteer worked the most
hours during the year--was most frequently religious (33.0 percent of all volunteers),
followed by educational or youth service related (25.6 percent) and social or community
service organizations (14.7 percent). (See table 4.)
Older volunteers were more likely to volunteer mainly for religious organizations than
were their younger counterparts. Of volunteers age 65 and over, 42.9 percent did their
service mainly through or for a religious organization, compared with 26.8 percent of
volunteers age 16 to 24.
For all levels of educational attainment, volunteers were most likely to volunteer for
religious organizations, followed by educational or youth service organizations. Among
volunteers with less than a high school diploma, 47.5 percent volunteered mainly for
religious organizations and 23.8 percent volunteered for educational or youth service
organizations. Of volunteers with a bachelor's degree and higher, 29.6 percent
volunteered mainly for religious organizations and 27.3 percent volunteered mainly
for educational or youth service organizations.
Among volunteers with children under 18 years old, 44.5 percent of mothers and 38.3
percent of fathers volunteered mainly for an educational or youth service organization,
such as a school or scouting group. Volunteers without children under age 18 were more
likely than parents to volunteer for other types of organizations, such as social or
community service organizations and religious organizations.
Main Volunteer Activity for Main Organization
Collecting, preparing, distributing, or serving food (10.9 percent), fundraising (10.0
percent), and tutoring or teaching (9.8 percent) were the activities volunteers performed
most frequently for their main organization. Men and women tended to engage in different
main activities. Men who volunteered were most likely to engage in general labor (11.4
percent) or coach, referee, or supervise sports teams (9.9 percent). Female volunteers
were most likely to collect, prepare, distribute, or serve food (12.5 percent), fundraise
(11.5 percent), or tutor or teach (11.4 percent). (See table 5.)
The main types of activities volunteers performed varied by educational attainment. Persons
with a bachelor's degree and higher were more likely than those with less education to
provide professional or management assistance or to tutor or teach. Volunteers with less
than a high school diploma were more likely to engage in general labor or be an usher,
greeter, or minister than those with higher levels of education.
Parents were considerably more likely than those without children to engage mainly in
volunteer activities that are frequently related to children--including coaching,
refereeing, or supervising sports teams; tutoring or teaching; and mentoring youth.
How Volunteers Became Involved with Main Organization
About 40.8 percent of volunteers became involved with their main organization after being
asked to volunteer, most often by someone in the organization. About 43.0 percent became
involved on their own initiative--that is, they approached the organization. (See table 6.)
Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through a supplement to the September 2013
Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--focuses on
obtaining information on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The purpose of this supplement to the
CPS was to obtain information on the incidence of volunteering and the characteristics
of volunteers in the United States.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When
a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known
as sampling error, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true
population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at
the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for
many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability
to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
Additional information on the reliability of data from the CPS and estimating standard
errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
The Census Bureau introduces adjustments to the population controls for the CPS as
part of its annual update of population estimates. For this reason, data in this
release are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years. Additional
information is available on the internet at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.
Volunteer questions and concepts
In the September supplement, questions on volunteer activities were asked of all
households. Efforts were made to have household members answer the volunteer
questions for themselves. (Generally, one member of the household answers all
the questions in the CPS on behalf of the entire household.) Self-response was
considered important for the volunteer supplement because research indicated that
self-respondents could more easily answer questions on the characteristics of the
volunteer activity. About 7 of 10 responses were self-reports. The survey was
introduced as follows: "This month, we are interested in volunteer activities, that
is, activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses. We only want
you to include volunteer activities that you did through or for an organization,
even if you only did them once in a while."
Following this introduction, respondents were asked the first supplement question:
"Since September 1st of last year, have you done any volunteer activities through
or for an organization?"
If respondents did not answer "yes" to the first question, they were asked the
following question: "Sometimes people don't think of activities they do infrequently
or activities they do for children's schools or youth organizations as volunteer
activities. Since September 1st of last year, have you done any of these types of
volunteer activities?"
Respondents were considered volunteers if they answered "yes" to either of these
questions. This method has been used since the supplement was first administered
in 2002.
Respondents classified as volunteers were asked further questions about the number
and type of organizations for which they volunteered, total hours spent volunteering,
how they became involved with the main organization for which they volunteered, the
type of activities they performed for the main organization, and what their main
activity was. The reference period for the questions on volunteering was about
1 year, from September 1, 2012, through the survey reference week in September 2013.
The reference period for other characteristics--such as labor force status, educational
attainment, and marital status--refer to the survey reference week in September 2013.
It is possible that these characteristics were different at the time volunteer
activities were performed.
One new question was added to the 2008 survey to determine whether or not respondents
had donated money, assets, or property with a combined value of more than $25 to
charitable or religious organizations in the past 12 months. Two questions asked in
the 2007 supplement were removed in 2008. These questions asked how often respondents
who had attended public meetings or who had worked with others in their neighborhood
to fix a problem did so.
Definitions
Volunteers are persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities at any point during
the survey reference year. The count of volunteers only includes persons who
volunteered through or for an organization; the figures do not include persons who
volunteered in a more informal manner. For example, a woman who taught acting to
children through a local theater would be considered a volunteer. However, a woman
who, on her own, organized softball games for the children in her neighborhood would
not be counted as a volunteer for the purpose of this survey.
Organizations are associations, societies, or groups of people who share a common
interest. Examples include churches, youth groups, and civic organizations. For
the purpose of this study, organizations are grouped into eight major categories,
including religious, youth, and social or community service organizations.
In the 2005 survey, one organization category, immigrant/refugee assistance, was
added to the questionnaire as a possible response. Responses that were collected in
this category may have been distributed over at least six of the major organization
categories in previous years. For this reason, the addition of the new response
category created a break in the comparability of organizations between 2005 and prior
years. Because few people reported volunteering for immigrant/refugee assistance
organizations and because the group was not a definite subset of any of the major
organization categories, those persons who did report that they volunteered for
immigrant/refugee assistance organizations were placed in the "other" group.
The main organization is the organization for which the volunteer worked the most
hours during the year. If a respondent volunteered for only one organization, it
was considered the main organization, even if exact hours were not obtained.
In order to identify the type of main organization, respondents provided information
about the organization and, for those who volunteered for more than one organization,
annual hours worked for each. Some respondents did not provide the information
necessary to determine the main organization. For these respondents, the follow-up
questions on activities and how they became involved with the main organization
asked them to report on the organization for which they think they spent the most
time volunteering.
Activities are the specific tasks the volunteer did for an organization. Examples
include tutoring, fundraising, and serving food. The activity categories were
modified in 2005, thus creating a break in the comparability of activities between
2005 and prior years.
In 2006, a new question was added that asked respondents on which of the activities
they mentioned they spent the most time. Previously, respondents reported all of the
activities they did for their main organization. The new question identified which of
them was the main activity for the main organization.
Table 1. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2013
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes Men Women
Volunteers Volunteers Volunteers
Characteristics in September 2013 Civilian Civilian Civilian
noninsti- noninsti- noninsti-
tutional Percent tutional Percent tutional Percent
popula- Number of popula- Number of popula- Number of
tion popula- tion popula- tion popula-
tion tion tion
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 246,168 62,615 25.4 118,807 26,404 22.2 127,361 36,211 28.4
16 to 24 years........................ 38,822 8,466 21.8 19,569 3,733 19.1 19,253 4,734 24.6
16 to 19 years..................... 16,745 4,383 26.2 8,515 1,932 22.7 8,230 2,451 29.8
20 to 24 years..................... 22,077 4,083 18.5 11,055 1,800 16.3 11,022 2,283 20.7
25 years and over..................... 207,346 54,148 26.1 99,237 22,671 22.8 108,108 31,477 29.1
25 to 34 years..................... 41,685 9,118 21.9 20,585 3,686 17.9 21,101 5,432 25.7
35 to 44 years..................... 39,599 12,098 30.6 19,398 4,967 25.6 20,201 7,131 35.3
45 to 54 years..................... 43,167 12,184 28.2 21,087 5,263 25.0 22,079 6,921 31.3
55 to 64 years..................... 39,172 10,191 26.0 18,824 4,358 23.1 20,348 5,833 28.7
65 years and over.................. 43,723 10,558 24.1 19,344 4,398 22.7 24,379 6,160 25.3
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 194,610 52,685 27.1 95,013 22,435 23.6 99,597 30,250 30.4
Black or African American............... 30,462 5,637 18.5 13,790 2,260 16.4 16,672 3,377 20.3
Asian................................... 13,314 2,525 19.0 6,227 990 15.9 7,087 1,535 21.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 37,713 5,838 15.5 18,898 2,450 13.0 18,814 3,388 18.0
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma......... 24,461 2,204 9.0 12,105 941 7.8 12,356 1,264 10.2
High school graduates, no college (2)... 60,794 10,138 16.7 29,774 4,221 14.2 31,019 5,917 19.1
Some college or associate degree ....... 56,233 15,562 27.7 25,595 5,987 23.4 30,639 9,575 31.3
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)........ 65,857 26,244 39.8 31,763 11,522 36.3 34,094 14,722 43.2
Marital status
Single, never married................... 74,351 14,851 20.0 39,108 6,417 16.4 35,243 8,434 23.9
Married, spouse present................. 122,725 37,719 30.7 61,794 16,907 27.4 60,931 20,812 34.2
Other marital status (4)................ 49,092 10,045 20.5 17,904 3,080 17.2 31,187 6,965 22.3
Presence of own children
under 18 years (5)
Without own children under 18........... 180,102 40,847 22.7 89,507 17,646 19.7 90,594 23,201 25.6
With own children under 18.............. 66,066 21,767 32.9 29,299 8,758 29.9 36,767 13,009 35.4
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 157,196 43,162 27.5 83,338 20,008 24.0 73,859 23,154 31.3
Employed.............................. 145,740 40,401 27.7 77,067 18,775 24.4 68,673 21,626 31.5
Full time (6)....................... 117,704 31,524 26.8 66,905 16,172 24.2 50,799 15,351 30.2
Part time (7)....................... 28,036 8,877 31.7 10,162 2,603 25.6 17,874 6,275 35.1
Unemployed............................ 11,456 2,761 24.1 6,271 1,233 19.7 5,186 1,528 29.5
Not in the labor force.................. 88,972 19,452 21.9 35,469 6,396 18.0 53,502 13,057 24.4
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Volunteers by annual hours of volunteer activities and selected characteristics, September 2013
Percent distribution of total annual hours spent volunteering
at all organizations
Characteristics in September 2013 Total Not Median
volunteers Total 1 to 14 15 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 500 reporting annual
(thousands) hour(s) hours hours 499 hours annual hours (1)
hours and over hours
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,615 100.0 21.3 25.2 15.1 27.3 5.8 5.3 50
Men.................................. 26,404 100.0 20.5 25.2 14.6 28.2 6.1 5.4 52
Women................................ 36,211 100.0 21.9 25.1 15.5 26.7 5.6 5.2 50
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,615 100.0 21.3 25.2 15.1 27.3 5.8 5.3 50
16 to 24 years........................ 8,466 100.0 23.0 27.6 15.7 22.6 4.1 7.0 40
16 to 19 years..................... 4,383 100.0 22.6 30.5 16.2 21.0 3.6 6.2 40
20 to 24 years..................... 4,083 100.0 23.4 24.6 15.1 24.3 4.7 7.9 42
25 years and over..................... 54,148 100.0 21.0 24.8 15.0 28.1 6.1 5.0 52
25 to 34 years..................... 9,118 100.0 27.6 26.9 13.4 21.6 5.0 5.5 36
35 to 44 years..................... 12,098 100.0 23.6 26.6 15.7 25.5 3.6 4.9 45
45 to 54 years..................... 12,184 100.0 20.8 25.9 15.5 28.3 5.0 4.6 52
55 to 64 years..................... 10,191 100.0 19.7 23.8 15.3 29.2 7.2 4.6 52
65 years and over.................. 10,558 100.0 14.1 20.4 14.8 35.2 9.8 5.7 86
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 52,685 100.0 21.1 25.5 15.3 27.5 5.5 5.1 50
Black or African American............... 5,637 100.0 21.2 22.2 14.4 27.2 8.1 6.9 52
Asian................................... 2,525 100.0 26.2 23.5 14.9 23.4 5.2 6.8 42
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 5,838 100.0 22.7 23.4 15.2 26.1 6.9 5.7 52
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,204 100.0 23.6 21.8 13.2 25.2 8.8 7.4 50
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,138 100.0 21.6 22.8 13.9 28.4 6.7 6.6 52
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,562 100.0 22.3 24.0 14.6 28.4 6.1 4.6 51
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 26,244 100.0 19.8 26.2 15.9 28.0 5.6 4.5 52
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,851 100.0 24.1 27.2 14.4 23.3 4.5 6.5 40
Married, spouse present................. 37,719 100.0 20.2 24.5 15.8 28.9 5.9 4.7 52
Other marital status (5)................ 10,045 100.0 21.2 24.5 13.7 27.5 7.4 5.7 52
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,646 100.0 20.4 25.1 13.8 27.6 7.2 5.9 52
With own children under 18 years old.. 8,758 100.0 20.6 25.4 16.3 29.3 4.0 4.4 52
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 23,201 100.0 20.2 23.8 15.3 28.2 6.6 5.9 52
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,009 100.0 25.0 27.6 15.9 24.0 3.6 4.0 40
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 43,162 100.0 22.8 26.7 15.2 25.5 4.7 5.1 48
Employed.............................. 40,401 100.0 22.9 26.8 15.4 25.3 4.5 5.1 47
Full time (7)....................... 31,524 100.0 23.7 26.8 15.4 24.9 4.1 5.0 44
Part time (8)....................... 8,877 100.0 20.0 26.7 15.5 26.7 5.9 5.3 50
Unemployed............................ 2,761 100.0 21.5 25.3 12.9 27.6 7.8 5.0 52
Not in the labor force.................. 19,452 100.0 17.9 21.8 14.9 31.4 8.2 5.8 65
1 For those reporting annual hours.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 3. Volunteers by number of organizations for which volunteer activities were performed and
selected characteristics, September 2013
Percent distribution of the number of
organizations for which volunteer activities
were performed
Total
Characteristics in September 2013 volunteers Not
(thousands) reporting
Five number of
Total One Two Three Four or organiza-
more tions
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,615 100.0 71.3 19.0 6.6 1.8 1.2 0.1
Men.................................. 26,404 100.0 72.6 18.6 6.1 1.6 1.0 .1
Women................................ 36,211 100.0 70.4 19.2 7.0 1.9 1.3 .1
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,615 100.0 71.3 19.0 6.6 1.8 1.2 .1
16 to 24 years........................ 8,466 100.0 77.1 16.1 5.1 1.0 .7 .1
16 to 19 years..................... 4,383 100.0 75.4 17.4 5.3 .9 1.0 -
20 to 24 years..................... 4,083 100.0 78.9 14.8 4.8 1.0 .4 .1
25 years and over..................... 54,148 100.0 70.4 19.4 6.9 1.9 1.2 .1
25 to 34 years..................... 9,118 100.0 76.0 17.2 4.6 1.4 .7 .1
35 to 44 years..................... 12,098 100.0 69.5 20.9 7.1 1.6 .7 .2
45 to 54 years..................... 12,184 100.0 68.1 20.8 7.3 2.3 1.4 .1
55 to 64 years..................... 10,191 100.0 70.4 18.4 7.6 1.8 1.6 .2
65 years and over.................. 10,558 100.0 69.3 19.0 7.3 2.5 1.7 .2
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 52,685 100.0 70.3 19.5 7.1 1.9 1.2 .1
Black or African American............... 5,637 100.0 78.1 15.5 3.7 1.5 .9 .2
Asian................................... 2,525 100.0 80.1 14.7 3.9 .7 .6 -
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 5,838 100.0 80.7 14.1 3.7 1.0 .4 -
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,204 100.0 88.2 9.2 2.0 - .6 -
High school graduates, no college (2)... 10,138 100.0 79.6 14.4 4.3 1.0 .5 .2
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,562 100.0 73.5 17.9 5.9 1.4 1.1 .1
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)........ 26,244 100.0 63.6 23.1 8.8 2.8 1.6 .1
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,851 100.0 75.7 16.8 5.2 1.3 .8 .2
Married, spouse present................. 37,719 100.0 69.3 20.1 7.2 2.0 1.3 .1
Other marital status (4)................ 10,045 100.0 72.6 17.9 6.2 1.9 1.2 .2
Presence of own children under 18 years (5)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,646 100.0 73.3 18.0 5.9 1.7 1.0 .2
With own children under 18 years old.. 8,758 100.0 71.2 19.9 6.4 1.6 .8 .1
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 23,201 100.0 71.3 18.4 7.0 1.8 1.3 .2
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,009 100.0 68.8 20.8 6.9 2.3 1.2 -
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 43,162 100.0 70.5 19.8 6.6 1.8 1.2 .1
Employed.............................. 40,401 100.0 70.2 19.9 6.7 1.9 1.1 .2
Full time (6)....................... 31,524 100.0 70.5 19.7 6.6 1.9 1.1 .2
Part time (7)....................... 8,877 100.0 69.1 20.6 6.9 2.0 1.4 .1
Unemployed............................ 2,761 100.0 74.1 17.9 5.1 1.3 1.6 -
Not in the labor force.................. 19,452 100.0 73.3 17.1 6.7 1.7 1.1 .1
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an
organization at any point from September 1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013.
Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Volunteers by type of main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2013
Percent distribution of volunteers by type of main organization (1)
Total Civic,
Characteristics in volun- polit- Educa- Envi- Hos- Social Sport,
September 2013 teers ical, tional ron- pital Pub- or hobby, Not
(thou- Total profes- or mental or lic Reli- commu- cul- Other deter-
sands) sional, youth or other safety gious nity tural, mined
or inter- ser- animal health service or arts
national vice care
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,615 100.0 5.1 25.6 2.7 7.3 1.1 33.0 14.7 4.0 3.9 2.5
Men.................................. 26,404 100.0 6.4 24.2 2.5 5.8 2.0 32.0 15.3 4.8 4.4 2.5
Women................................ 36,211 100.0 4.2 26.7 2.8 8.4 .5 33.8 14.3 3.4 3.6 2.4
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,615 100.0 5.1 25.6 2.7 7.3 1.1 33.0 14.7 4.0 3.9 2.5
16 to 24 years........................ 8,466 100.0 4.2 30.1 3.3 8.2 1.7 26.8 14.5 4.0 3.9 3.4
16 to 19 years..................... 4,383 100.0 3.1 35.9 3.6 6.1 .7 29.1 12.5 3.9 2.4 2.6
20 to 24 years..................... 4,083 100.0 5.4 23.8 2.9 10.5 2.7 24.3 16.6 4.1 5.5 4.2
25 years and over..................... 54,148 100.0 5.3 24.9 2.6 7.1 1.0 34.0 14.7 4.0 4.0 2.3
25 to 34 years..................... 9,118 100.0 4.1 29.1 3.1 7.6 1.1 30.5 13.6 4.0 4.1 2.8
35 to 44 years..................... 12,098 100.0 3.8 40.6 2.0 6.0 1.3 26.4 11.3 3.7 2.6 2.2
45 to 54 years..................... 12,184 100.0 5.2 29.0 3.0 6.1 .7 32.3 14.1 3.6 3.9 2.0
55 to 64 years..................... 10,191 100.0 6.4 14.5 2.6 8.0 1.1 39.2 16.5 4.7 4.6 2.4
65 years and over.................. 10,558 100.0 6.9 8.8 2.2 8.3 1.0 42.9 18.5 4.2 4.8 2.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 52,685 100.0 5.3 25.3 3.0 7.3 1.2 32.2 15.0 4.2 4.2 2.4
Black or African American............... 5,637 100.0 4.5 25.8 .5 5.0 .6 44.6 12.2 1.7 2.3 2.8
Asian................................... 2,525 100.0 3.8 30.9 1.5 11.2 .4 30.1 12.0 3.7 3.3 3.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 5,838 100.0 2.8 31.4 1.2 5.0 .8 38.8 11.2 3.2 3.2 2.4
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,204 100.0 3.1 23.8 1.1 5.7 1.3 47.5 10.6 2.0 2.7 2.1
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,138 100.0 4.8 20.3 2.2 6.1 1.5 41.4 14.7 3.3 3.3 2.4
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,562 100.0 5.0 24.2 2.6 7.3 1.3 34.8 15.3 3.3 4.1 2.1
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 26,244 100.0 5.8 27.3 2.9 7.5 .7 29.6 14.7 4.9 4.2 2.5
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,851 100.0 5.0 27.3 3.7 8.5 1.1 26.4 15.7 4.6 4.6 3.1
Married, spouse present................. 37,719 100.0 5.0 26.9 2.2 6.2 1.1 36.0 13.3 3.7 3.4 2.1
Other marital status (5)................ 10,045 100.0 5.6 18.6 3.1 9.4 1.1 31.7 18.4 4.1 5.1 3.0
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,646 100.0 7.4 17.3 3.1 6.5 2.1 32.9 17.9 4.9 5.3 2.7
With own children under 18 years old.. 8,758 100.0 4.4 38.3 1.2 4.4 1.9 30.3 10.0 4.8 2.6 2.2
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 23,201 100.0 5.1 16.6 3.4 9.8 .6 36.7 17.0 3.8 4.2 2.9
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,009 100.0 2.7 44.5 1.9 5.8 .3 28.6 9.5 2.6 2.4 1.7
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 43,162 100.0 5.4 28.0 2.8 7.3 1.2 30.6 14.1 4.2 3.8 2.6
Employed.............................. 40,401 100.0 5.4 28.0 2.9 7.4 1.2 30.7 14.0 4.2 3.8 2.6
Full time (7)....................... 31,524 100.0 5.6 28.0 2.7 7.8 1.4 30.2 13.8 4.3 3.6 2.6
Part time (8)....................... 8,877 100.0 4.5 28.1 3.4 6.3 .5 32.3 14.6 3.9 4.1 2.4
Unemployed............................ 2,761 100.0 5.7 27.6 2.7 5.8 2.2 29.3 16.0 3.9 4.4 2.4
Not in the labor force.................. 19,452 100.0 4.5 20.5 2.3 7.1 .9 38.5 16.0 3.6 4.3 2.3
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the
Technical Note for more details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,
and other related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from
September 1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 5. Main volunteer activity for main organization for which activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2013
Percent distribution of main volunteer activity for main organization (1)
Pro-
vide
Collect, Pro- profes- Engage
make or vide sional Engage in
Coach Col- distri- coun- or in gen-
Total ref- lect, bute Fund- seling, manage- music, eral Equal
volun- eree, Be an pre- cloth- raise medi- Provide ment perfor- labor, time
Characteristics in teers or, Tutor usher, pare, ing, or cal general assis- mance, supply among
September 2013 (thou- super- or Mentor greet- dis- crafts sell care, office tance, or, trans- Other all
sands) vise teach youth er, or tri- or goods items fire/, ser- includ- other port-
sports mini- bute, other to EMS, vices ing artis- ation
teams ster or than raise or, serving tic to
serve food money pro- on a activ- people
food tec- board ities
tive or
ser- commit-
vices tee
Sex
Total, both sexes........ 62,615 5.7 9.8 6.7 4.4 10.9 3.7 10.0 2.9 4.4 6.9 3.8 8.2 14.9 7.8
Men................... 26,404 9.9 7.5 6.8 5.3 8.8 2.2 8.0 3.3 3.0 8.4 3.8 11.4 14.4 7.3
Women................. 36,211 2.6 11.4 6.6 3.8 12.5 4.7 11.5 2.6 5.5 5.8 3.8 5.8 15.2 8.1
Age
Total, 16 years and over. 62,615 5.7 9.8 6.7 4.4 10.9 3.7 10.0 2.9 4.4 6.9 3.8 8.2 14.9 7.8
16 to 24 years......... 8,466 5.6 9.9 9.2 2.5 8.6 3.2 10.6 3.2 3.9 1.3 5.5 10.8 17.8 7.9
16 to 19 years...... 4,383 5.2 11.1 9.2 2.5 9.1 3.1 9.2 1.5 3.3 1.0 6.9 12.0 17.9 8.0
20 to 24 years...... 4,083 6.0 8.7 9.1 2.6 8.1 3.3 12.1 5.0 4.6 1.5 4.0 9.6 17.7 7.7
25 years and over...... 54,148 5.7 9.8 6.3 4.7 11.3 3.7 9.9 2.9 4.5 7.8 3.5 7.7 14.4 7.8
25 to 34 years...... 9,118 7.7 11.2 9.0 3.3 8.9 3.1 10.7 3.0 3.7 4.7 3.5 8.9 16.0 6.4
35 to 44 years...... 12,098 10.0 11.8 8.4 3.4 9.4 2.9 11.4 3.0 3.6 6.1 2.5 6.7 13.3 7.4
45 to 54 years...... 12,184 6.3 10.2 7.0 4.3 10.8 3.6 10.2 2.5 4.0 8.2 3.2 8.3 13.1 8.4
55 to 64 years...... 10,191 2.8 8.2 4.5 6.1 12.4 3.6 9.7 3.3 4.4 9.5 4.6 8.1 14.4 8.3
65 years and over... 10,558 1.1 7.1 2.4 6.5 15.0 5.5 7.5 2.5 7.0 10.2 4.0 6.9 15.9 8.2
Race and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity
White.................... 52,685 5.7 9.9 6.4 4.1 10.7 3.6 10.5 2.9 4.5 7.4 3.6 8.3 14.9 7.6
Black or African
American................ 5,637 6.1 9.0 10.1 7.5 12.5 4.3 6.2 3.0 4.1 3.7 4.7 6.5 13.0 9.5
Asian.................... 2,525 3.3 11.5 6.1 5.7 13.2 3.2 8.2 3.2 4.2 4.5 4.2 8.6 17.2 7.1
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity............... 5,838 6.3 12.7 5.6 5.9 9.9 3.2 7.9 2.4 4.1 2.8 4.8 9.7 17.0 7.9
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,204 5.9 8.8 3.7 8.5 15.4 4.7 8.2 2.1 2.4 1.5 3.0 11.1 15.8 8.8
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,138 6.0 7.7 4.0 5.9 15.6 5.1 9.2 2.3 4.3 3.5 4.0 10.0 15.2 7.2
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,562 5.2 8.4 6.2 5.1 12.4 4.0 10.4 2.7 5.3 5.4 3.4 8.5 14.9 8.2
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 26,244 5.9 11.4 7.5 3.7 8.6 3.0 10.1 3.2 4.3 11.4 3.4 6.1 13.7 7.6
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,851 5.3 8.9 8.6 3.3 9.6 3.5 10.1 3.2 4.1 3.6 4.7 9.9 17.8 7.6
Married, spouse present................. 37,719 6.3 10.7 6.7 4.9 10.7 3.3 10.0 2.6 4.3 8.5 3.4 7.4 13.3 7.9
Other marital status (5)................ 10,045 3.7 7.5 3.8 4.2 13.7 5.4 10.2 3.7 5.6 5.9 3.9 8.4 16.4 7.9
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,646 5.5 6.7 6.1 5.8 9.7 2.4 8.3 3.3 3.2 8.8 4.2 12.6 15.8 7.8
With own children under 18 years old.. 8,758 18.8 9.1 8.3 4.2 7.1 1.7 7.5 3.3 2.4 7.5 3.1 8.9 11.6 6.4
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 23,201 1.8 9.4 5.3 4.4 12.9 5.1 10.5 2.9 5.9 6.3 4.3 6.4 16.4 8.3
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,009 4.2 15.0 8.9 2.6 11.6 4.0 13.3 2.1 4.9 5.0 2.9 4.7 13.1 7.8
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 43,162 7.2 9.8 7.4 4.0 10.1 3.0 10.7 3.1 3.6 7.4 3.7 8.2 14.2 7.5
Employed.............................. 40,401 7.4 9.8 7.4 4.1 9.9 3.0 11.0 3.1 3.6 7.6 3.6 8.1 13.9 7.5
Full time (7)....................... 31,524 8.4 9.4 7.3 4.1 9.5 2.8 11.3 3.4 3.4 8.2 3.6 8.0 13.2 7.3
Part time (8)....................... 8,877 3.6 11.2 7.6 4.1 11.2 3.7 9.8 2.2 4.2 5.8 3.8 8.4 16.3 8.1
Unemployed............................ 2,761 5.2 9.1 7.9 2.7 12.4 3.5 7.1 2.7 4.4 4.0 4.7 9.7 18.6 8.0
Not in the labor force.................. 19,452 2.3 9.8 5.0 5.3 12.8 5.1 8.4 2.5 6.3 5.8 4.1 8.0 16.3 8.4
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the Technical
Note for more details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other
related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September
1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian)
do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of
any race.
Table 6. Volunteers by how they became involved with main organization for which volunteer activities were performed
and selected characteristics, September 2013
Percent distribution of how volunteers became involved with main
organization (1)
Total Was asked by:
Characteristics in volun- Not
September 2013 teers Approach- report-
(thou- ed the Rela- Someone ing how
sands) Total organi- Total Boss or tive in the Other became
zation (2) employer friend, organi- Some- in-
or zation/ one volved
co- school else
worker
Sex
Total, both sexes......... 62,615 100.0 43.0 40.8 1.5 14.7 23.0 1.4 12.8 3.4
Men.................... 26,404 100.0 41.8 42.4 1.6 16.4 22.8 1.4 12.3 3.5
Women.................. 36,211 100.0 44.0 39.6 1.5 13.5 23.1 1.3 13.2 3.3
Age
Total, 16 years and
over...................... 62,615 100.0 43.0 40.8 1.5 14.7 23.0 1.4 12.8 3.4
16 to 24 years.......... 8,466 100.0 43.1 38.1 1.2 15.7 19.9 1.3 14.5 4.3
16 to 19 years....... 4,383 100.0 45.0 37.6 .8 13.5 21.9 1.4 13.9 3.4
20 to 24 years....... 4,083 100.0 41.1 38.6 1.7 18.2 17.6 1.1 15.1 5.2
25 years and over....... 54,148 100.0 43.0 41.2 1.6 14.6 23.5 1.4 12.6 3.2
25 to 34 years....... 9,118 100.0 41.7 42.1 2.3 15.8 22.6 1.2 12.5 3.7
35 to 44 years....... 12,098 100.0 41.6 43.6 1.8 14.0 26.1 1.5 11.6 3.2
45 to 54 years....... 12,184 100.0 42.6 42.1 1.6 14.5 24.6 1.2 12.1 3.2
55 to 64 years....... 10,191 100.0 43.8 39.1 1.6 14.5 21.2 1.6 14.1 3.0
65 years and over.... 10,558 100.0 45.6 38.6 .7 14.4 21.9 1.3 12.8 3.0
Race and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity
White..................... 52,685 100.0 43.1 40.8 1.5 14.8 22.9 1.4 12.9 3.2
Black or African
American.................. 5,637 100.0 43.0 40.5 .9 14.1 23.7 1.3 12.3 4.2
Asian..................... 2,525 100.0 46.2 37.6 2.4 11.8 22.7 .6 11.3 4.9
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity................ 5,838 100.0 45.4 37.5 1.2 12.0 22.7 1.5 13.9 3.1
Educational attainment (3)
Less than a high
school diploma........... 2,204 100.0 45.3 38.9 .3 12.9 23.9 1.5 12.0 3.8
High school graduates,
no college (4)........... 10,138 100.0 42.9 39.6 1.2 15.2 21.6 1.3 13.7 3.8
Some college or
associate degree ........ 15,562 100.0 43.3 40.7 1.2 14.5 23.4 1.5 13.3 2.8
Bachelor's degree and
higher (5)............... 26,244 100.0 42.8 42.3 2.1 14.5 24.1 1.3 11.7 3.2
Marital status
Single, never married.... 14,851 100.0 43.4 39.0 1.5 16.6 19.5 1.3 13.4 4.3
Married, spouse present.. 37,719 100.0 42.9 41.7 1.5 14.0 24.7 1.3 12.5 2.9
Other marital status (6). 10,045 100.0 42.9 39.9 1.8 14.6 21.6 1.7 13.3 3.8
Presence of own children
under 18 years (7)
Men:
No own children under
18 years old.......... 17,646 100.0 41.7 41.3 1.7 17.1 20.9 1.4 13.1 3.8
With own children under
18 years old.......... 8,758 100.0 41.8 44.6 1.5 14.9 26.7 1.3 10.7 2.9
Women:
No own children under
18 years old.......... 23,201 100.0 45.5 37.2 1.5 14.6 19.5 1.4 13.7 3.6
With own children under
18 years old.......... 13,009 100.0 41.3 43.9 1.5 11.6 29.5 1.1 12.3 2.6
Employment status
Civilian labor force..... 43,162 100.0 41.7 42.3 2.1 15.4 23.3 1.4 12.6 3.4
Employed............... 140,401 100.0 41.5 42.6 2.1 15.4 23.6 1.4 12.4 3.4
Full time (8)........ 31,524 100.0 40.7 43.2 2.6 15.8 23.4 1.3 12.6 3.5
Part time (9)........ 8,877 100.0 44.4 40.6 .6 14.0 24.1 1.7 11.8 3.1
Unemployed............. 2,761 100.0 43.8 37.8 1.0 15.6 19.4 1.7 14.8 3.6
Not in the labor force... 19,452 100.0 46.1 37.4 .4 13.3 22.2 1.3 13.4 3.1
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year.
See the Technical Note for more details.
2 Includes persons who did not specify who asked them to volunteer, not shown separately.
3 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
5 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
6 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
7 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
8 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
9 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any
point from September 1, 2012, through the survey period in September 2013. Estimates for the above race groups
(white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.
Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
United States Department of Labor
