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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print

Productivity and Costs News Release


Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until       USDL 17-1615                
8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, December 6, 2017

Technical information: (202) 691-5606    Productivity@bls.gov   www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902    PressOffice@bls.gov



                                PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
                             Third Quarter 2017, Revised                                
                                
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 3.0 percent during the 
third quarter of 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as 
output increased 4.1 percent and hours worked increased 1.1 percent. The 
productivity increase was the largest since the third quarter of 2014, when 
output per hour increased 4.4 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this 
release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the third quarter of 2016 
to the third quarter of 2017, productivity increased 1.5 percent, reflecting 
a 3.0-percent increase in output and a 1.5-percent increase in hours worked. 
(See tables A1 and 2.) 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of 
real output by an index of hours worked by all persons, including employees, 
proprietors, and unpaid family workers. 

Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector declined 0.2 percent in the 
third quarter of 2017, as the 3.0-percent increase in productivity was greater 
than a 2.7-percent increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor costs decreased 
0.7 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.) 

BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor 
productivity. Increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor 
costs, and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.

Manufacturing sector labor productivity fell 4.4 percent in the third quarter 
of 2017, as output decreased 1.1 percent and hours worked increased 3.5 
percent. This was the largest quarterly decline in manufacturing sector 
productivity since the fourth quarter of 2008 (-5.4 percent). Productivity 
decreased 4.7 percent in the durable goods manufacturing sector and 4.4 
percent in the nondurable goods sector in the third quarter of 2017. Over the 
last four quarters, total manufacturing sector productivity increased 0.3 
percent, as output increased 1.5 percent and hours worked increased 1.2 
percent.  Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 4.8 percent in the third 
quarter of 2017 and rose 0.3 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See 
tables A1 and 3.)

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series 
differ from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series; 
these output measures are not directly comparable. See the Technical Notes for 
a more detailed explanation. 

Preliminary third-quarter 2017 measures of productivity and costs were 
announced for the nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity was unchanged 
in the third quarter of 2017 and increased 0.2 percent over the last four 
quarters. Unit labor costs increased 2.5 percent in the third quarter of 2017 
and increased 0.6 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A2 and 6.)

Revised measures

Measures released today are based on more recent source data than were 
available for the preliminary report. Regular updates of source data from the 
BLS, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), and the Board of Governors of the 
Federal Reserve System are reflected in data for the second and third quarters 
of 2017.

Table B1 presents revised and previous productivity and related measures for 
the nonfarm business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the third
quarter  of 2017. Revised quarterly and annual series for all sectors in 
recent years  appear in tables 1-6. Historical annual indexes for the
manufacturing sectors appear in appendix tables 1-3.

In the third quarter of 2017, nonfarm business labor productivity increased 
3.0 percent--the same as the preliminary estimate; output and hours worked 
were both revised up by 0.3 percentage points. Unit labor costs were revised 
from a 0.5-percent increase to a 0.2-percent decline for the third quarter of 
2017. In the manufacturing sector, productivity decreased 4.4 percent rather 
than declining 5.0 percent as previously reported, as an upward revision to 
output was greater than an upward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs 
increased 4.8 percent, a smaller increase than the preliminary estimate. 

Table B2 shows previous and revised productivity and related measures for the 
nonfarm business, business, manufacturing and nonfinancial corporate sectors 
for the second quarter of 2017.

In the second quarter of 2017, nonfarm business labor productivity, output, 
and hours were unrevised. Unit labor costs decreased 1.2 percent, rather than 
increasing 0.3 percent as previously reported. In the manufacturing sector, 
productivity was revised up 0.2 percentage point to an increase of 3.6 
percent, due to a slight upward revision to output. Unit labor costs decreased 
1.2 percent instead of a decline of 1.0 percent. 

Second-quarter 2017 measures of productivity and costs were revised for the 
nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased 3.3 percent rather than 
4.4 percent as reported on November 2. Unit labor costs decreased 3.0 percent 
rather than the preliminary estimate of a 2.3-percent decline.

There were historical revisions to manufacturing output and all related 
measures--including productivity--back to 1987 to reflect revised output 
indexes constructed by the BLS using an improved methodology for estimating 
the sectoral output of manufacturing industries. A new technique for 
benchmarking output estimates to the Economic Census was an important 
component of the revisions, and the period between Census years 2007 and 2012 
saw the largest revisions. For more complete information see 
www.bls.gov/mfp/sectoraloutputrevisions.htm.

Revisions to labor productivity mirrored revisions to output; hours worked 
were not revised.  A large upward revision to the change in the annual 
manufacturing productivity index from 2008 to 2009 was more than offset by 
downward revisions in adjacent years, and the average annual rate of growth 
from 2007 to 2012 was revised down from 2.9 percent to 1.2 percent. The 
average annual rate of manufacturing productivity growth during the current 
business cycle from 2007 to 2016 was revised down from 1.6 percent to 0.9 
percent, and the long-term rate for the entire series from 1987 to 2016 is 
now 2.8 percent, compared to the previous estimate of 3.2 percent.

Hourly compensation and all related measures for the manufacturing sectors 
also were revised, from 1987 to 2000, to incorporate source data on 
compensation published by the BEA November 2, 2017.

Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the productivity 
and costs home page: www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 

______________  

The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for fourth-quarter and 
annual averages 2017 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 1, 2018 
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).


==============================================================================
Calendar year 2018 release dates for Productivity and Costs news releases are 
now available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/prod2.htm.
==============================================================================






=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                  Percent change from:    productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business        Previous quarter           3.0          4.1      1.1         2.7           0.7           -0.2
                        A year ago                 1.5          3.0      1.5         0.8          -1.1           -0.7
                        
Business                Previous quarter           3.6          4.1      0.5         3.3           1.3           -0.3
                        A year ago                 1.5          2.8      1.3         1.0          -0.9           -0.5
                        
Manufacturing           Previous quarter          -4.4         -1.1      3.5         0.2          -1.8            4.8
                        A Year ago                 0.3          1.5      1.2         0.6          -1.3            0.3
 Durable
 manufacturing          Previous quarter          -4.7         -1.7      3.1         0.1          -1.9            5.0
                        A year ago                 0.3          1.4      1.0         0.9          -1.0            0.6
 Nondurable
 manufacturing          Previous quarter          -4.4         -0.4      4.1         0.5          -1.5            5.1
                        A year ago                 0.2          1.6      1.4         0.1          -1.8           -0.1
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago) 


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector               Percent change from:       productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial         Previous quarter              0.0          1.3      1.2         2.5           0.5            2.5
corporate            A year ago                    0.2          1.9      1.7         0.8          -1.1            0.6
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                                          productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business              Revised              3.0          4.1      1.1         2.7           0.7           -0.2
                        Previously published       3.0          3.8      0.8         3.5           1.5            0.5
                        
Business                      Revised              3.6          4.1      0.5         3.3           1.3           -0.3
                        Previously published       3.6          3.8      0.1         4.1           2.0            0.4
                        
Manufacturing                 Revised             -4.4          -1.1     3.5         0.2          -1.8            4.8
                        Previously published      -5.0          -2.1     3.1         0.9          -1.1            6.2

 Durable                      Revised             -4.7          -1.7     3.1         0.1          -1.9            5.0 
 manufacturing          Previously published      -5.7          -3.4     2.5         0.5          -1.4            6.7
                        
 Nondurable                   Revised             -4.4          -0.4     4.1         0.5          -1.5            5.1
 manufacturing          Previously published      -4.6          -0.7     4.1         1.6          -0.4            6.5
=========================================================================================================================
Table B2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published second-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                                          productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business              Revised              1.5          3.9      2.4         0.3           0.6           -1.2
                        Previously published       1.5          3.9      2.4         1.8           2.1            0.3
                        
Business                      Revised              1.4          3.7      2.3         0.3           0.7           -1.0
                        Previously published       1.4          3.7      2.3         1.9           2.2            0.4
                        
Manufacturing                 Revised              3.6          2.9     -0.6         2.3           2.6           -1.2
                        Previously published       3.4          2.8     -0.6         2.4           2.7           -1.0
 Durable
 manufacturing                Revised              5.3          2.6     -2.6         5.6           5.9            0.2
                        Previously published       5.0          2.3     -2.6         3.0           3.4           -1.9
 Nondurable
 manufacturing                Revised              0.4          3.3      2.9        -3.3          -3.0           -3.6
                        Previously published       0.4          3.3      2.9         1.5           1.9            1.1

Nonfinancial                  Revised              3.3          6.4      3.0         0.2           0.5           -3.0
corporate               Previously published       4.4          7.5      3.0         2.0           2.3           -2.3
=========================================================================================================================


 
 				  TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours 

Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked 
for all persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-
employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and employment 
data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which provides 
monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in 
nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two or more 
establishments at each place of employment. The CES also provides average 
weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these 
establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours worked using data from 
the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS 
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 
and 1995, weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using a combination 
of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of Productivity and 
Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and 
supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey 
(CPS), the CES, and the NCS.

Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm 
proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on 
employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately, 
the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the appropriate 
industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, 
the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the 
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.

Output

Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed 
after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: 
general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households (including 
owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor 
hours. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 
2016. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, also accounted for about 75 
percent of GDP in 2016.

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods 
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of 
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the 
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and 
other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and 
intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures 
are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the 
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent 
with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index 
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from 
production.  The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP: 
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated 
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding 
companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and 
insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 50 percent of 
the value of GDP in 2016. 
     
Labor Productivity

The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time 
involved in its production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the 
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per 
hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including 
changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of 
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial 
skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force.

Labor Compensation

The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer 
contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor 
compensation by major sector, required for measures of hourly compensation and 
unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the 
NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general 
government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from 
compensation of employees in domestic industries to derive employee 
compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors 
cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by 
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in 
the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not 
contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.  
      
Unit Labor Costs

These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and 
labor productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator 
of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation 
increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation 
increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data

The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent 
changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as 
percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as 
index number series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index 
number series and percent changes from the previous year.  

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs 
news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this 
release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to three 
decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are 
available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the 
BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email 
productivity@bls.gov).

For a more detailed explanation of methodology see "Technical Information 
About the Major Sector Productivity and Costs Methods" at 
www.bls.gov/lpc/lpcmethods.pdf.
      
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired 
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service 
number: 1-800-877-8339.





Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
                                                          Real
                                               Hourly     hourly                Unit       Implicit
Year          Labor                            compen-    compen-     Unit      nonlabor   price
and           produc-               Hours      sation     sation      labor     payments   deflator
quarter       tivity     Output     worked     (1)        (2)         costs     (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III       3.6         4.1 r      0.5 r      3.3 r      1.3 r     -0.3 r      5.0 r      2.0  
     II        1.4         3.7        2.3        0.3 r      0.7 r     -1.0 r      2.8 r      0.6  
     I        -0.8         1.4        2.1        4.3        1.1        5.1       -3.0        1.5  

2016 ANNUAL    0.0         1.6        1.6        1.0       -0.2        1.0        1.0        1.0  

2016 IV        2.0         2.2        0.2       -3.7       -6.5       -5.5       13.3        2.2  
     III       2.7         3.3        0.6        2.8        1.0        0.1        2.5        1.1  
     II        0.6         2.6        2.0        4.4        2.0        3.7        0.0        2.1  
     I        -1.1         0.4        1.5       -3.8       -3.9       -2.8        5.2        0.5  

2015 ANNUAL    1.2         3.5        2.3        2.9        2.8        1.7       -0.8        0.6  

2015 IV       -2.7         0.2        3.0        4.3        3.9        7.2       -9.3       -0.2  
     III       1.6         1.6        0.0        1.2       -0.3       -0.4        3.1        1.1  
     II        1.6         3.3        1.7        3.9        1.5        2.3        1.6        2.0  
     I         2.4         4.0        1.5        3.0        5.6        0.5       -2.4       -0.7  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III       1.5         2.8        1.3 r      1.0 r     -0.9 r     -0.5 r      4.4 r      1.6  
     II        1.3         2.6        1.3        0.9 r     -1.0 r     -0.4 r      3.7 r      1.4  
     I         1.1         2.4        1.2        1.9       -0.7        0.8        3.0        1.7  

2016 ANNUAL    0.0         1.6        1.6        1.0       -0.2        1.0        1.0        1.0  

2016 IV        1.0         2.1        1.1       -0.1       -1.9       -1.2        5.1        1.5  
     III      -0.1         1.6        1.8        1.9        0.7        2.0       -0.6        0.9  
     II       -0.4         1.2        1.6        1.5        0.4        1.9       -0.4        0.9  
     I        -0.2         1.4        1.5        1.3        0.2        1.5        0.0        0.8  

2015 ANNUAL    1.2         3.5        2.3        2.9        2.8        1.7       -0.8        0.6  

2015 IV        0.7         2.3        1.6        3.1        2.6        2.4       -1.9        0.5  
     III       0.9         2.8        1.9        3.2        3.0        2.3       -1.6        0.6  
     II        1.4         4.1        2.7        3.5        3.5        2.1       -1.1        0.7  
     I         1.6         4.8        3.1        1.9        1.9        0.3        1.5        0.8  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2009=100

2017 III     108.8 r     124.2 r    114.1 r    117.9 r    103.1 r    108.3 r    117.8 r    112.3 r
     II      107.9       123.0      114.0      116.9 r    102.8 r    108.4 r    116.4 r    111.7  
     I       107.5       121.8      113.3      116.8      102.7      108.7      115.6      111.6  

2016 ANNUAL  106.9       120.3      112.5      115.7      103.4      108.2      113.4      110.4  

2016 IV      107.7       121.4      112.7      115.6      102.4      107.3      116.5      111.2  
     III     107.2       120.8      112.7      116.7      104.1      108.9      112.9      110.5  
     II      106.5       119.8      112.5      115.9      103.9      108.8      112.2      110.2  
     I       106.3       119.0      112.0      114.6      103.3      107.8      112.2      109.7  

2015 ANNUAL  106.9       118.4      110.7      114.5      103.7      107.1      112.3      109.3  

2015 IV      106.6       118.9      111.5      115.8      104.4      108.6      110.8      109.5  
     III     107.3       118.8      110.7      114.6      103.4      106.7      113.5      109.6  
     II      106.9       118.4      110.7      114.2      103.5      106.9      112.6      109.3  
     I       106.5       117.4      110.3      113.1      103.1      106.3      112.2      108.7  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
                                                          Real
                                               Hourly     hourly                Unit       Implicit
Year          Labor                            compen-    compen-     Unit      nonlabor   price
and           produc-               Hours      sation     sation      labor     payments   deflator
quarter       tivity     Output     worked     (1)        (2)         costs     (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III       3.0         4.1 r      1.1 r      2.7 r      0.7 r     -0.2 r      5.2 r      2.1  
     II        1.5         3.9        2.4        0.3 r      0.6 r     -1.2 r      3.0 r      0.6  
     I         0.1         1.8        1.6        4.9        1.7        4.8       -3.9        0.9  

2016 ANNUAL   -0.1         1.5        1.6        1.0       -0.2        1.1        1.4        1.2  

2016 IV        1.3         2.2        1.0       -4.5       -7.3       -5.7       13.9        2.3  
     III       2.5         3.3        0.8        2.5        0.7        0.1        3.1        1.3  
     II        0.8         2.5        1.7        4.8        2.4        3.9        0.0        2.2  
     I        -1.2         0.2        1.4       -3.8       -3.9       -2.7        5.8        0.9  

2015 ANNUAL    1.3         3.4        2.1        3.1        3.0        1.8       -0.3        0.9  

2015 IV       -2.6         0.3        2.9        4.5        4.1        7.2       -8.8        0.1  
     III       1.3         1.3        0.0        1.1       -0.4       -0.2        3.0        1.2  
     II        1.3         3.3        2.0        3.6        1.2        2.3        1.5        1.9  
     I         2.7         4.0        1.2        3.3        6.0        0.6       -0.9        0.0  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III       1.5         3.0 r      1.5 r      0.8 r     -1.1 r     -0.7 r      4.4 r      1.5  
     II        1.3         2.8        1.4        0.8 r     -1.1 r     -0.6 r      3.8 r      1.3  
     I         1.2         2.5        1.3        1.9       -0.7        0.7        3.1        1.7  

2016 ANNUAL   -0.1         1.5        1.6        1.0       -0.2        1.1        1.4        1.2  

2016 IV        0.8         2.1        1.2       -0.3       -2.1       -1.2        5.6        1.7  
     III      -0.1         1.6        1.7        1.9        0.8        2.1       -0.1        1.1  
     II       -0.4         1.1        1.5        1.6        0.5        2.0       -0.2        1.1  
     I        -0.3         1.3        1.6        1.3        0.2        1.6        0.2        1.0  

2015 ANNUAL    1.3         3.4        2.1        3.1        3.0        1.8       -0.3        0.9  

2015 IV        0.7         2.2        1.5        3.1        2.7        2.4       -1.4        0.8  
     III       0.8         2.7        1.9        3.3        3.1        2.4       -1.3        0.8  
     II        1.6         4.1        2.5        3.8        3.8        2.2       -0.5        1.0  
     I         1.9         4.7        2.8        2.3        2.3        0.4        2.0        1.1  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2009=100

2017 III     108.9 r     124.4 r    114.3 r    118.0 r    103.2 r    108.4 r    117.8 r    112.3 r
     II      108.1       123.1      113.9      117.2 r    103.0 r    108.4 r    116.3 r    111.7  
     I       107.7       122.0      113.3      117.1      102.9      108.7      115.5      111.5  

2016 ANNUAL  107.0       120.2      112.4      116.0      103.7      108.4      113.4      110.5  

2016 IV      107.6       121.4      112.8      115.7      102.4      107.5      116.6      111.3  
     III     107.3       120.8      112.5      117.0      104.4      109.1      112.9      110.7  
     II      106.6       119.8      112.3      116.3      104.2      109.1      112.0      110.3  
     I       106.4       119.0      111.9      114.9      103.6      108.0      112.0      109.7  

2015 ANNUAL  107.1       118.5      110.7      114.8      103.9      107.2      111.8      109.1  

2015 IV      106.7       119.0      111.5      116.1      104.6      108.7      110.4      109.5  
     III     107.4       118.9      110.7      114.8      103.6      106.9      113.0      109.4  
     II      107.1       118.5      110.7      114.5      103.7      106.9      112.2      109.1  
     I       106.7       117.6      110.1      113.5      103.4      106.3      111.8      108.6  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III          -4.4 r         -1.1 r          3.5 r          0.2 r         -1.8 r          4.8 r
     II            3.6 r          2.9 r         -0.6            2.3 r          2.6 r         -1.2 r
     I             0.2            2.3            2.1            4.4            1.2            4.2  

2016 ANNUAL        0.4 r          0.4 r          0.0            0.7           -0.5            0.3 r

2016 IV            2.0            1.8           -0.2           -4.2           -7.1           -6.1  
     III          -0.5            0.2            0.7            2.6            0.8            3.1  
     II           -0.8           -0.9           -0.1            7.1            4.7            8.0  
     I             1.3            1.0           -0.3          -10.1          -10.2          -11.3  

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          1.2 r          1.0            2.5            2.4            2.2 r

2015 IV           -1.2 r         -0.3 r          1.0            9.1            8.7           10.5 r
     III           3.1 r          1.9 r         -1.2            1.8            0.3           -1.3 r
     II            0.7 r          0.8 r          0.0            3.5            1.1            2.7 r
     I            -0.4 r         -0.8 r         -0.4            0.0            2.6            0.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III           0.3 r          1.5 r          1.2 r          0.6 r         -1.3 r          0.3 r
     II            1.3            1.8            0.5            1.2           -0.7           -0.1 r
     I             0.2            0.8            0.6            2.4           -0.2            2.2  

2016 ANNUAL        0.4 r          0.4 r          0.0            0.7           -0.5            0.3 r

2016 IV            0.5            0.5            0.0           -1.4           -3.1           -1.9  
     III          -0.3 r          0.0 r          0.3            1.9            0.7            2.2 r
     II            0.6 r          0.4 r         -0.2            1.7            0.6            1.1 r
     I             1.0 r          0.8 r         -0.1            0.8           -0.3           -0.1 r

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          1.2 r          1.0            2.5            2.4            2.2 r

2015 IV            0.6 r          0.4 r         -0.2            3.5            3.1            3.0 r
     III           0.5 r          1.1 r          0.6            2.6            2.4            2.0 r
     II           -0.1 r          1.2 r          1.3            2.7            2.7            2.8 r
     I            -0.1 r          2.2 r          2.2            1.0            1.1            1.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2009=100

2017 III         107.7 r        117.7 r        109.2 r        113.4 r         99.2 r        105.2 r
     II          109.0 r        118.0 r        108.3          113.3 r         99.6 r        104.0 r
     I           108.0 r        117.2 r        108.5          112.7           99.0          104.3 r

2016 ANNUAL      107.7 r        116.1 r        107.8          111.5           99.7          103.5 r

2016 IV          108.0 r        116.5 r        107.9          111.4           98.7          103.2 r
     III         107.4 r        116.0 r        107.9          112.6          100.5          104.9 r
     II          107.6 r        115.9 r        107.8          111.9          100.3          104.1 r
     I           107.8 r        116.2 r        107.8          110.0           99.2          102.1 r

2015 ANNUAL      107.2 r        115.6 r        107.8          110.7          100.2          103.2 r

2015 IV          107.5 r        115.9 r        107.9          113.0          101.9          105.2 r
     III         107.8 r        116.0 r        107.6          110.6           99.8          102.6 r
     II          107.0 r        115.4 r        107.9          110.1           99.7          102.9 r
     I           106.8 r        115.2 r        107.9          109.1           99.4          102.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III          -4.7 r         -1.7 r          3.1 r          0.1 r         -1.9 r          5.0 r
     II            5.3 r          2.6 r         -2.6            5.6 r          5.9 r          0.2 r
     I            -1.0            2.6            3.6            2.5           -0.6            3.6  

2016 ANNUAL        0.5 r          0.2 r         -0.3            1.0           -0.3            0.5 r

2016 IV            1.8            2.0            0.2           -4.3           -7.1           -6.0  
     III           0.7            1.0            0.3            2.5            0.7            1.7  
     II            1.9            0.2           -1.6            9.5            7.0            7.5  
     I            -0.6            0.1            0.7          -11.4          -11.5          -10.9  

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          0.8 r          0.6            3.0            2.9            2.8 r

2015 IV           -2.5 r         -1.9 r          0.7           10.8           10.4           13.7 r
     III           3.9 r          1.8 r         -2.0            1.4           -0.2           -2.4 r
     II            1.1 r          0.6 r         -0.5            2.8            0.5            1.7 r
     I            -1.4 r         -2.5 r         -1.1            2.0            4.6            3.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III           0.3 r          1.4 r          1.0 r          0.9 r         -1.0 r          0.6 r
     II            1.7 r          2.0            0.3            1.5 r         -0.4 r         -0.2 r
     I             0.8            1.4            0.6            2.4           -0.1            1.6  

2016 ANNUAL        0.5 r          0.2 r         -0.3            1.0           -0.3            0.5 r

2016 IV            1.0            0.8           -0.1           -1.2           -3.0           -2.2  
     III          -0.1 r         -0.2 r          0.0            2.4            1.3            2.6 r
     II            0.6 r          0.0 r         -0.6            2.2            1.1            1.5 r
     I             0.4 r          0.1 r         -0.3            0.6           -0.5            0.1 r

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          0.8 r          0.6            3.0            2.9            2.8 r

2015 IV            0.2 r         -0.5 r         -0.7            4.2            3.7            3.9 r
     III           0.9 r          0.5 r         -0.3            3.0            2.9            2.1 r
     II           -0.1 r          0.8 r          0.9            3.3            3.3            3.4 r
     I            -0.1 r          2.3 r          2.4            1.6            1.7            1.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2009=100

2017 III         112.7 r        125.6 r        111.5 r        113.2 r         99.0 r        100.4 r
     II          114.0 r        126.2 r        110.6          113.2 r         99.5 r         99.2 r
     I           112.6 r        125.4 r        111.4          111.6           98.1           99.2 r

2016 ANNUAL      112.2 r        123.9 r        110.4          110.9           99.1           98.8 r

2016 IV          112.9 r        124.6 r        110.4          111.0           98.3           98.3 r
     III         112.3 r        123.9 r        110.3          112.2          100.1           99.8 r
     II          112.2 r        123.6 r        110.2          111.5           99.9           99.4 r
     I           111.6 r        123.6 r        110.7          109.0           98.2           97.6 r

2015 ANNUAL      111.7 r        123.7 r        110.7          109.8           99.4           98.3 r

2015 IV          111.8 r        123.5 r        110.5          112.3          101.3          100.5 r
     III         112.5 r        124.1 r        110.3          109.5           98.8           97.3 r
     II          111.4 r        123.6 r        110.9          109.1           98.9           97.9 r
     I           111.1 r        123.4 r        111.0          108.4           98.7           97.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III          -4.4 r         -0.4 r          4.1            0.5 r         -1.5 r          5.1 r
     II            0.4            3.3            2.9           -3.3 r         -3.0 r         -3.6 r
     I             2.5            2.0           -0.5            8.0            4.7            5.3  

2016 ANNUAL        0.2            0.7 r          0.5            0.4           -0.9            0.1 r

2016 IV            2.3            1.5           -0.8           -4.3           -7.2           -6.5  
     III          -2.2           -0.8            1.5            2.8            1.0            5.2  
     II           -4.5           -2.2            2.5            3.0            0.7            7.9  
     I             4.0            2.1           -1.8           -7.7           -7.8          -11.3  

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          1.9 r          1.7            1.5            1.4            1.3 r

2015 IV            0.1 r          1.6 r          1.4            6.1            5.7            5.9 r
     III           1.8 r          2.0 r          0.2            2.8            1.2            1.0 r
     II            0.1 r          1.0 r          1.0            4.8            2.4            4.7 r
     I             0.6 r          1.3 r          0.7           -3.5           -1.0           -4.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III           0.2 r          1.6 r          1.4            0.1 r         -1.8 r         -0.1 r
     II            0.7            1.5            0.8            0.7 r         -1.2 r          0.0 r
     I            -0.5            0.1            0.7            2.3           -0.3            2.8  

2016 ANNUAL        0.2            0.7 r          0.5            0.4           -0.9            0.1 r

2016 IV           -0.2            0.2            0.3           -1.7           -3.4           -1.5  
     III          -0.7            0.2 r          0.9            0.9           -0.2            1.6  
     II            0.3 r          0.9 r          0.6            0.9           -0.2            0.6 r
     I             1.5 r          1.7 r          0.2            1.3            0.2           -0.2 r

2015 ANNUAL        0.2 r          1.9 r          1.7            1.5            1.4            1.3 r

2015 IV            0.7 r          1.5 r          0.8            2.5            2.0            1.8 r
     III          -0.3 r          1.9 r          2.2            1.9            1.8            2.2 r
     II           -0.1 r          1.8 r          1.9            1.7            1.7            1.8 r
     I             0.4 r          2.3 r          1.9           -0.2           -0.1           -0.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2009=100

2017 III         105.1 r        111.0 r        105.6          113.1 r         99.0 r        107.6 r
     II          106.3 r        111.1 r        104.6          113.0 r         99.4 r        106.3 r
     I           106.2 r        110.2 r        103.8          113.9          100.1          107.3 r

2016 ANNUAL      105.7 r        109.6 r        103.7          112.1          100.2          106.1 r

2016 IV          105.5 r        109.7 r        103.9          111.8           99.0          105.9 r
     III         104.9 r        109.2 r        104.1          113.0          100.8          107.7 r
     II          105.5 r        109.5 r        103.8          112.2          100.6          106.4 r
     I           106.7 r        110.1 r        103.1          111.4          100.4          104.4 r

2015 ANNUAL      105.4 r        108.8 r        103.2          111.7          101.1          106.0 r

2015 IV          105.7 r        109.5 r        103.6          113.6          102.5          107.5 r
     III         105.6 r        109.1 r        103.2          112.0          101.1          106.0 r
     II          105.2 r        108.5 r        103.2          111.2          100.8          105.7 r
     I           105.2 r        108.2 r        102.9          109.9          100.2          104.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
                                                     Real
                                           Hourly    hourly            Unit      Total           Implicit
Year         Labor                         compen-   compen-   Unit    nonlabor  unit    Unit    price
and          produc-             Hours     sation    sation    labor   costs     costs   profits deflator
quarter      tivity    Output    worked    (1)       (2)       costs   (6)       (7)     (8)     (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2017 III       0.0       1.3      1.2       2.5       0.5       2.5      3.0      2.6      2.7      2.6  
     II        3.3 r     6.4 r    3.0       0.2 r     0.5 r    -3.0 r   -1.8 r   -2.6 r   13.7 r   -0.6  
     I         2.0       4.1      2.0       4.3       1.1       2.3     -1.0      1.2     -2.7      0.7  

2016 ANNUAL   -0.1       1.4      1.5       1.1      -0.2       1.2     -0.5      0.7     -5.3     -0.2  

2016 IV       -4.5      -3.9      0.6      -3.6      -6.5       0.9      9.2      3.5     -2.8      2.7  
     III       5.9       7.4      1.5       1.9       0.1      -3.7     -4.5     -4.0      7.3     -2.6  
     II       -2.0      -0.6      1.4       3.7       1.4       5.9      1.7      4.5    -28.8     -0.8  
     I         0.5       1.1      0.6      -1.8      -1.9      -2.3    -13.0     -5.9     47.7      0.0  

2015 ANNUAL    1.4       3.6      2.2       3.0       2.9       1.6      0.4      1.2     -5.1      0.3  

2015 IV       -1.4       1.5      3.0       3.4       3.0       4.9     13.8      7.7    -41.5     -0.9  
     III       0.7       2.5      1.8       0.5      -1.0      -0.2     -0.1     -0.2      5.3      0.6  
     II       -2.0      -0.9      1.1       2.7       0.4       4.8      4.0      4.5     -1.3      3.7  
     I         3.3       4.6      1.3       7.1       9.9       3.7     -2.2      1.8    -23.7     -2.5  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2017 III       0.2       1.9      1.7       0.8      -1.1       0.6      2.3      1.1      2.5      1.3  
     II        1.6 r     3.4 r    1.8       0.7 r    -1.2 r    -0.9 r    0.4 r   -0.5      3.7 r    0.0  
     I         0.3       1.7      1.4       1.5      -1.0       1.3      1.2      1.3     -7.8      0.0  

2016 ANNUAL   -0.1       1.4      1.5       1.1      -0.2       1.2     -0.5      0.7     -5.3     -0.2  

2016 IV       -0.1       0.9      1.0       0.0      -1.8       0.1     -2.0     -0.6      2.3     -0.2  
     III       0.7       2.3      1.6       1.8       0.6       1.1     -1.0      0.4     -9.9     -1.1  
     II       -0.6       1.1      1.7       1.4       0.3       2.0      0.1      1.4    -10.3     -0.3  
     I        -0.6       1.1      1.6       1.2       0.1       1.7      0.7      1.4     -2.6      0.8  

2015 ANNUAL    1.4       3.6      2.2       3.0       2.9       1.6      0.4      1.2     -5.1      0.3  

2015 IV        0.1       1.9      1.8       3.4       3.0       3.3      3.7      3.4    -17.5      0.2  
     III       1.0       2.8      1.8       3.3       3.1       2.3      0.1      1.6     -6.1      0.4  
     II        1.8       3.9      2.1       3.5       3.5       1.6     -0.4      1.0     -2.1      0.5  
     I         2.7       6.0      3.2       1.9       2.0      -0.8     -1.8     -1.1      7.6      0.1  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Indexes 2009=100

2017 III     108.9     127.2    116.9     117.1     102.5     107.6    101.2    105.4    140.0    109.0  
     II      108.9 r   126.8 r  116.5     116.4 r   102.4 r   106.9 r  100.4 r  104.8 r  139.0 r  108.3 r
     I       108.0     124.9    115.7     116.3     102.2     107.7    100.9    105.4    134.6    108.5  

2016 ANNUAL  107.7     123.5    114.6     115.4     103.1     107.1     99.9    104.7    138.0    108.2  

2016 IV      107.4     123.6    115.1     115.1     101.9     107.1    101.1    105.1    135.5    108.3  
     III     108.7     124.9    114.9     116.2     103.7     106.9     98.9    104.2    136.5    107.6  
     II      107.1     122.6    114.5     115.6     103.6     107.9    100.1    105.3    134.1    108.3  
     I       107.7     122.8    114.1     114.6     103.3     106.4     99.7    104.1    146.0    108.5  

2015 ANNUAL  107.9     121.8    112.9     114.1     103.3     105.8    100.5    104.0    145.8    108.4  

2015 IV      107.5     122.5    113.9     115.1     103.8     107.0    103.2    105.7    132.4    108.5  
     III     107.9     122.0    113.1     114.1     103.0     105.7     99.9    103.8    151.4    108.8  
     II      107.8     121.3    112.6     114.0     103.3     105.8     99.9    103.8    149.5    108.6  
     I       108.3     121.6    112.2     113.2     103.2     104.6     98.9    102.7    150.0    107.6  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                         December 6, 2017
r=revised                                                              Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics


 
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census 
Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. 
Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Hours and compensation 
data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic 
Analysis.

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more 
complete information becomes available.  The measures are first published 
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 days 
later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.  In the business 
sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output 
per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between -1.5 
and 1.4 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This interval is
based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 
and the second quarter of 2017.



			      Table Footnotes 
			      
			      
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social 
insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, 
where there are no self-employed, data also include an estimate of wages, 
salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for 
all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2016 is based on the Consumer
Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, 
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous 
payments, business current transfer payments, rental income of persons, and the 
current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated 
using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news 
release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience. Annual changes: 
Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on 
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation 
and capital consumption adjustments.





Appendix table 1.
 Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.

                                                                             Real
                  Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
                  produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
   Year           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Indexes 2009=100
   2016           107.7 r        116.1 r        107.8          111.5           99.7          103.5 r
   2015           107.2 r        115.6 r        107.8          110.7          100.2          103.2 r

   2014           107.0 r        114.2 r        106.8          108.0           97.9          101.0 r
   2013           107.0 r        112.5 r        105.2          105.1           96.8           98.2 r
   2012           106.0 r        110.5 r        104.3          104.9           98.0           99.0 r
   2011           106.8 r        108.9 r        101.9          103.1           98.4           96.5 r
   2010           106.1 r        106.1 r        100.0          101.3           99.6           95.5 r

   2009           100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0  
   2008            99.0 r        113.6 r        114.7           96.8           96.5           97.8 r
   2007            99.7 r        119.3 r        119.6           94.1           97.4           94.4 r
   2006            95.2 r        115.9 r        121.7           90.5           96.4           95.1 r
   2005            94.5 r        114.0 r        120.7           88.4           97.2           93.6 r

   2004            89.8 r        109.7 r        122.1           85.2           96.8           94.9 r
   2003            87.4 r        107.3 r        122.8           82.2           95.9           94.1 r
   2002            82.3 r        106.2 r        129.2           78.0           93.0           94.8 r
   2001            76.1 r        105.8 r        139.1           75.5           91.5           99.2 r
   2000            74.2 r        110.3 r        148.7           73.3           91.4           98.9 r

   1999            71.8 r        107.6 r        149.9           68.9 r         88.8 r         96.0 r
   1998            67.8 r        103.3 r        152.3           65.1 r         85.7 r         96.0 r
   1997            65.0 r         98.6 r        151.8           61.8 r         82.4 r         95.1 r
   1996            62.0 r         92.3 r        148.7           60.7 r         82.7 r         97.9 r
   1995            59.5 r         88.5 r        148.9           59.1 r         82.7 r         99.4 r

   1994            57.5 r         85.1 r        147.9           57.6 r         82.5 r        100.2 r
   1993            56.0 r         80.8 r        144.2           56.7           83.0 r        101.3 r
   1992            54.7 r         78.0 r        142.6           56.0 r         83.9 r        102.3 r
   1991            51.7 r         74.4 r        143.8           53.1 r         81.6 r        102.6 r
   1990            50.7 r         75.7 r        149.4           50.6 r         80.6 r         99.9 r

   1989            49.0 r         75.4 r        154.0           48.1 r         80.3 r         98.1 r
   1988            48.8 r         74.6 r        153.0           46.5 r         81.2 r         95.4 r
   1987            48.3 r         71.7 r        148.5           44.7 r         80.9 r         92.6 r
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 See footnotes following Table 6.                                                    December 6, 2017
 r=revised                                                         Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Appendix table 2.
 Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.

                                                                             Real
                  Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
                  produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
   Year           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Indexes 2009=100
   2016           112.2 r        123.9 r        110.4          110.9           99.1           98.8 r
   2015           111.7 r        123.7 r        110.7          109.8           99.4           98.3 r

   2014           111.5 r        122.7 r        110.1          106.6           96.6           95.6 r
   2013           110.8 r        119.4 r        107.8          104.2           95.9           94.0 r
   2012           109.8 r        116.9 r        106.5          104.8           98.0           95.5 r
   2011           109.7 r        113.4 r        103.4          103.4           98.6           94.3 r
   2010           108.5 r        108.2 r         99.8          101.4           99.7           93.4 r

   2009           100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0  
   2008           103.2 r        121.8 r        118.0           96.3           96.0           93.3 r
   2007           104.5 r        129.0 r        123.4           94.0           97.2           89.9 r
   2006            98.7 r        124.2 r        125.8           90.3           96.1           91.5 r
   2005            97.0 r        120.7 r        124.4           87.7           96.3           90.4 r

   2004            92.1 r        114.8 r        124.6           84.9           96.4           92.1 r
   2003            90.6 r        112.4 r        124.0           81.8           95.4           90.2 r
   2002            84.5 r        110.7 r        131.0           77.8           92.8           92.0 r
   2001            78.4 r        111.9 r        142.7           75.3           91.2           96.0 r
   2000            77.0 r        118.2 r        153.5           73.8           92.0           95.8 r

   1999            74.2 r        114.0 r        153.6           69.0 r         89.0 r         93.0 r
   1998            69.1 r        107.4 r        155.5           65.2 r         85.8 r         94.3 r
   1997            64.9 r        100.0 r        154.1           61.6 r         82.2 r         95.0 r
   1996            61.1 r         91.4 r        149.6           60.9 r         83.0 r         99.6 r
   1995            57.7 r         85.5 r        148.2           59.4 r         83.2 r        103.1 r

   1994            54.8 r         79.9 r        145.8           58.0 r         83.1 r        105.8 r
   1993            52.7 r         74.2 r        140.8           57.2 r         83.7 r        108.6 r
   1992            50.8 r         70.8 r        139.3           56.4 r         84.6 r        111.0 r
   1991            47.3 r         67.0 r        141.6           53.2 r         81.8 r        112.5 r
   1990            46.4 r         69.4 r        149.5           50.6 r         80.7 r        109.1 r

   1989            45.2 r         70.0 r        154.9           48.3 r         80.8 r        107.0 r
   1988            44.9 r         69.3 r        154.5           46.9 r         81.8 r        104.5 r
   1987            44.2 r         65.7 r        148.7           45.3 r         81.8 r        102.5 r
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 See footnotes following Table 6.                                                    December 6, 2017
 r=revised                                                         Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Appendix table 3.
 Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.

                                                                             Real
                  Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
                  produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
   Year           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Indexes 2009=100
   2016           105.7 r        109.6 r        103.7          112.1          100.2          106.1 r
   2015           105.4 r        108.8 r        103.2          111.7          101.1          106.0 r

   2014           105.2 r        106.8 r        101.5          110.1           99.8          104.6 r
   2013           105.1 r        106.1 r        101.0          106.2           97.8          101.1 r
   2012           103.6 r        104.5 r        100.8          104.6           97.7          100.9 r
   2011           104.5 r        104.1 r         99.6          102.4           97.6           97.9 r
   2010           103.5 r        103.7 r        100.3          101.1           99.5           97.7 r

   2009           100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0          100.0  
   2008            97.9 r        107.1 r        109.4           97.2           96.8           99.3 r
   2007            99.1 r        112.5 r        113.6           93.8           97.1           94.7 r
   2006            96.4 r        110.9 r        115.1           90.3           96.0           93.6 r
   2005            96.3 r        110.7 r        114.9           89.3           98.1           92.7 r

   2004            91.4 r        107.9 r        118.1           85.5           97.1           93.6 r
   2003            87.7 r        106.1 r        121.0           82.8           96.6           94.4 r
   2002            83.8 r        105.8 r        126.3           78.1           93.2           93.3 r
   2001            78.4 r        104.4 r        133.2           75.4           91.4           96.2 r
   2000            76.6 r        108.0 r        140.9           71.9           89.6           93.8 r

   1999            74.6 r        107.3 r        143.9           68.2 r         87.9 r         91.4 r
   1998            72.2 r        106.3 r        147.2           64.7 r         85.2 r         89.7 r
   1997            70.9 r        104.9 r        148.1           62.0 r         82.7 r         87.4 r
   1996            68.6 r        101.1 r        147.4           60.2 r         82.1 r         87.8 r
   1995            67.1 r        100.7 r        150.1           58.5 r         81.9 r         87.2 r

   1994            66.0 r         99.8 r        151.3           57.1 r         81.7 r         86.5 r
   1993            64.9 r         97.2 r        149.7           56.2 r         82.2 r         86.6 r
   1992            64.3 r         95.1 r        147.9           55.5 r         83.2 r         86.4 r
   1991            62.4 r         91.8 r        147.2           52.9 r         81.3 r         84.8 r
   1990            61.5 r         91.8 r        149.3           50.6 r         80.5 r         82.2 r

   1989            59.3 r         90.5 r        152.5           47.5 r         79.4 r         80.1 r
   1988            59.3 r         89.5 r        150.8           45.8 r         79.8 r         77.1 r
   1987            58.9 r         87.3 r        148.3           43.7 r         79.0 r         74.3 r
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 See footnotes following Table 6.                                                    December 6, 2017
 r=revised                                                         Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: December 06, 2017