For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 5, 2019	USDL-19-1907

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2019

The number of job openings edged down to 7.0 million (-277,000) on the last business day of 
September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations 
were little changed at 5.9 million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the 
layoffs and discharges rate were little changed at 2.3 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. This release 
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector 
by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the job openings level edged down to 7.0 million (-277,000). 
The job openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings edged down for total private 
(-262,000) and was little changed for government. The job openings level decreased in health care and 
social assistance (-124,000), retail trade (-102,000), and federal government (-19,000). Job openings 
increased in information (+25,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast region. (See 
table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.9 million in September and the hires rate was unchanged at 
3.9 percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The hires level 
decreased in federal government (-30,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.8 million in September and the rate was 
unchanged at 3.8 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for 
government. The total separations level was little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See 
table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.5 million as was the rate at 2.3 percent. The 
quits level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in accommodation 
and food services (-74,000) and in real estate and rental and leasing (-19,000). The number of quits 
decreased in the Northeast and South regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges edged up in September to 2.0 million (+152,000). The layoffs 
and discharges rate was 1.3 percent. The layoffs and discharges level edged up for total private 
(+151,000) and was little changed for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 
accommodation and food services (+72,000) and in health care and social assistance (+42,000). The 
layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in September. The other separations level was also 
little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in accommodation and 
food services (+15,000) and in nondurable goods manufacturing (+5,000). The number of other 
separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 69.9 million 
and separations totaled 67.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, December 17, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,392	7,301	7,024	5,670	5,884	5,934	5,558	5,732	5,808
Total private	6,771	6,562	6,300	5,327	5,489	5,565	5,216	5,385	5,454
Mining and logging(1)	34	33	32	42	21	24	37	28	24
Construction(1)	299	384	338	378	414	426	361	415	418
Manufacturing	469	470	469	336	337	351	320	320	357
Durable goods(1)	297	321	309	192	192	202	180	183	206
Nondurable goods(1)	171	149	161	145	145	149	141	137	151
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,554	1,337	1,275	1,158	1,173	1,196	1,174	1,202	1,215
Wholesale trade	227	193	202	141	145	160	135	145	164
Retail trade	978	816	714	797	782	790	838	817	814
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	349	327	359	220	245	246	201	241	237
Information(1)	110	137	162	89	95	89	92	94	79
Financial activities	353	377	356	223	235	222	209	240	213
Finance and insurance	266	269	262	148	148	141	143	151	131
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	107	94	75	86	82	66	89	82
Professional and business services	1,352	1,305	1,267	1,129	1,163	1,226	1,079	1,145	1,187
Education and health services	1,282	1,330	1,191	669	686	716	628	633	655
Educational services(1)	76	135	120	89	94	93	95	98	92
Health care and social assistance	1,206	1,195	1,071	580	593	622	532	535	563
Leisure and hospitality	1,074	929	964	1,086	1,135	1,145	1,097	1,110	1,115
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	120	143	177	161	165	164	159	153
Accommodation and food services	974	809	821	909	973	979	932	951	962
Other services	246	261	245	216	229	170	219	199	190
Government	621	739	724	343	396	369	342	347	355
Federal(1)	83	121	102	37	70	40	36	40	41
State and local	538	618	622	306	325	329	306	307	314
State and local education	220	218	231	158	169	169	160	153	157
State and local, excluding education(1)	318	400	391	148	156	160	146	154	156
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.7	4.6	4.4	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.8
Total private	5.1	4.8	4.7	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.2
Mining and logging(1)	4.3	4.3	4.1	5.6	2.8	3.3	5.0	3.7	3.2
Construction(1)	3.9	4.9	4.3	5.1	5.5	5.7	4.9	5.5	5.6
Manufacturing	3.6	3.5	3.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.8
Durable goods(1)	3.6	3.8	3.7	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.6
Nondurable goods(1)	3.5	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.3	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.4
Wholesale trade	3.7	3.2	3.3	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.8
Retail trade	5.8	4.9	4.3	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.5	5.1	5.5	3.7	4.0	4.0	3.3	3.9	3.9
Information(1)	3.7	4.6	5.4	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	3.9	4.2	3.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	4.0	4.1	4.0	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.7	4.4	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.5	2.9	3.8	3.5
Professional and business services	6.0	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.7	5.1	5.3	5.5
Education and health services	5.1	5.2	4.7	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.7
Educational services(1)	2.0	3.4	3.0	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
Health care and social assistance	5.7	5.5	4.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	6.2	5.3	5.5	6.6	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.0	4.7	5.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.5	6.2
Accommodation and food services	6.5	5.4	5.4	6.5	6.8	6.9	6.7	6.7	6.8
Other services	4.0	4.2	4.0	3.7	3.9	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.2
Government	2.7	3.2	3.1	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal(1)	2.9	4.1	3.5	1.3	2.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local	2.7	3.0	3.0	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.3	4.1	4.0	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	7,392	7,384	7,248	7,174	7,301	7,024	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,771	6,680	6,560	6,462	6,562	6,300	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.7
Mining and logging(3)	34	30	29	41	33	32	4.3	3.8	3.7	5.2	4.3	4.1
Construction(3)	299	376	331	360	384	338	3.9	4.8	4.2	4.6	4.9	4.3
Manufacturing	469	503	515	513	470	469	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.5
Durable goods(3)	297	320	322	317	321	309	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7
Nondurable goods(3)	171	183	193	196	149	161	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.0	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,554	1,352	1,390	1,256	1,337	1,275	5.3	4.6	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.4
Wholesale trade	227	220	213	169	193	202	3.7	3.6	3.5	2.8	3.2	3.3
Retail trade	978	815	863	793	816	714	5.8	4.9	5.2	4.8	4.9	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	349	317	314	294	327	359	5.5	4.9	4.9	4.6	5.1	5.5
Information(3)	110	107	129	177	137	162	3.7	3.7	4.4	5.9	4.6	5.4
Financial activities	353	352	378	379	377	356	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.2	3.9
Finance and insurance	266	266	260	249	269	262	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	86	118	130	107	94	3.7	3.6	4.8	5.3	4.4	3.9
Professional and business services	1,352	1,313	1,292	1,238	1,305	1,267	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.5
Education and health services	1,282	1,329	1,322	1,287	1,330	1,191	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.2	4.7
Educational services(3)	76	122	127	135	135	120	2.0	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.0
Health care and social assistance	1,206	1,207	1,195	1,152	1,195	1,071	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.5	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,074	1,027	913	959	929	964	6.2	5.8	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	110	104	101	120	143	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.7	5.5
Accommodation and food services	974	916	809	858	809	821	6.5	6.0	5.4	5.7	5.4	5.4
Other services	246	292	261	252	261	245	4.0	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.0
Government	621	704	688	712	739	724	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1
Federal(3)	83	110	110	127	121	102	2.9	3.8	3.8	4.3	4.1	3.5
State and local	538	595	578	585	618	622	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.0
State and local education	220	212	217	212	218	231	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.1
State and local, excluding education(3)	318	383	360	373	400	391	3.3	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,269	1,271	1,231	1,172	1,348	1,203	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.1
South	2,720	2,754	2,641	2,634	2,765	2,673	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.8	4.6
Midwest	1,744	1,697	1,689	1,690	1,569	1,540	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.5	4.4
West	1,659	1,662	1,688	1,677	1,620	1,607	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	5,670	5,760	5,716	5,978	5,884	5,934	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,327	5,398	5,377	5,620	5,489	5,565	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3
Mining and logging	42	27	21	23	21	24	5.6	3.5	2.8	3.1	2.8	3.3
Construction	378	387	413	374	414	426	5.1	5.2	5.5	5.0	5.5	5.7
Manufacturing	336	340	336	338	337	351	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7
Durable goods	192	193	194	190	192	202	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.5
Nondurable goods	145	147	142	148	145	149	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,158	1,161	1,177	1,233	1,173	1,196	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.3
Wholesale trade	141	164	154	169	145	160	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.7
Retail trade	797	770	798	804	782	790	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	220	227	225	260	245	246	3.7	3.7	3.7	4.2	4.0	4.0
Information	89	99	93	94	95	89	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.1
Financial activities	223	217	219	256	235	222	2.6	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.6
Finance and insurance	148	139	128	163	148	141	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.6	2.3	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	78	91	94	86	82	3.3	3.4	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.5
Professional and business services	1,129	1,172	1,112	1,180	1,163	1,226	5.3	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.7
Education and health services	669	675	676	750	686	716	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.9
Educational services	89	98	93	108	94	93	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.4
Health care and social assistance	580	577	583	642	593	622	2.9	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,086	1,100	1,114	1,150	1,135	1,145	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.8	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	177	167	128	155	161	165	7.3	6.8	5.2	6.3	6.6	6.7
Accommodation and food services	909	933	986	995	973	979	6.5	6.6	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.9
Other services	216	220	217	221	229	170	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9	2.9
Government	343	361	339	358	396	369	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.6
Federal	37	32	33	37	70	40	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	2.5	1.4
State and local	306	329	306	322	325	329	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7
State and local education	158	171	166	172	169	169	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education	148	158	140	150	156	160	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	814	957	891	964	935	898	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.2
South	2,310	2,261	2,293	2,420	2,306	2,358	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.3
Midwest	1,321	1,233	1,249	1,274	1,285	1,302	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9
West	1,225	1,308	1,283	1,320	1,358	1,377	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.9
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	5,558	5,557	5,513	5,810	5,732	5,808	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,216	5,208	5,174	5,473	5,385	5,454	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.2
Mining and logging	37	24	24	27	28	24	5.0	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.2
Construction	361	390	407	376	415	418	4.9	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.5	5.6
Manufacturing	320	334	331	326	320	357	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.8
Durable goods	180	188	180	177	183	206	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.6
Nondurable goods	141	147	151	149	137	151	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,174	1,134	1,118	1,217	1,202	1,215	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.4
Wholesale trade	135	148	152	165	145	164	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.8
Retail trade	838	768	767	807	817	814	5.3	4.9	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	201	219	199	246	241	237	3.3	3.6	3.3	4.0	3.9	3.9
Information	92	91	90	95	94	79	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	209	211	219	231	240	213	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	143	134	125	140	151	131	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	78	94	91	89	82	2.9	3.4	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.5
Professional and business services	1,079	1,139	1,059	1,148	1,145	1,187	5.1	5.3	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.5
Education and health services	628	622	611	682	633	655	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.7
Educational services	95	95	89	91	98	92	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.4
Health care and social assistance	532	527	522	590	535	563	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,097	1,047	1,096	1,144	1,110	1,115	6.7	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.6	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	164	173	136	150	159	153	6.8	7.0	5.6	6.1	6.5	6.2
Accommodation and food services	932	874	960	994	951	962	6.7	6.1	6.7	7.0	6.7	6.8
Other services	219	215	218	226	199	190	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.3	3.2
Government	342	349	339	336	347	355	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal	36	34	33	37	40	41	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local	306	315	306	300	307	314	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
State and local education	160	178	174	158	153	157	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	146	137	132	142	154	156	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	854	924	896	870	914	844	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.0
South	2,253	2,078	2,114	2,237	2,287	2,269	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.1
Midwest	1,234	1,216	1,224	1,298	1,195	1,304	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.9
West	1,216	1,339	1,278	1,404	1,336	1,391	3.5	3.8	3.7	4.0	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	3,393	3,478	3,462	3,668	3,601	3,498	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,223	3,277	3,278	3,487	3,419	3,310	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.6
Mining and logging	21	15	13	14	14	11	2.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.5
Construction	170	168	186	177	182	188	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
Manufacturing	202	203	203	195	197	216	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.7
Durable goods	110	114	114	103	114	125	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.6
Nondurable goods	92	89	89	92	83	91	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	763	784	745	771	777	752	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
Wholesale trade	88	105	90	89	87	88	1.5	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Retail trade	569	543	540	545	554	533	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	107	136	115	137	136	131	1.8	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.1
Information	41	57	50	43	49	41	1.5	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.4
Financial activities	125	118	137	138	152	126	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.4
Finance and insurance	75	73	77	88	92	84	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	51	45	60	50	61	42	2.2	2.0	2.6	2.1	2.6	1.8
Professional and business services	605	619	621	679	646	658	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.1
Education and health services	411	406	412	485	459	444	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.8
Educational services	51	51	54	61	56	51	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3
Health care and social assistance	360	355	359	424	402	392	1.8	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	739	761	782	822	831	753	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.0	4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	81	73	77	80	83	79	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.2
Accommodation and food services	658	688	705	742	748	674	4.7	4.8	4.9	5.2	5.3	4.7
Other services	144	144	128	165	113	121	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.8	1.9	2.0
Government	170	202	183	181	181	188	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	18	16	14	17	18	17	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local	152	186	170	164	164	170	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
State and local education	75	103	98	88	87	91	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
State and local, excluding education	76	82	71	75	77	80	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	447	496	507	502	546	468	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.7
South	1,420	1,381	1,392	1,479	1,440	1,347	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.4
Midwest	747	802	763	836	759	815	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.4
West	778	799	800	852	856	867	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	1,818	1,773	1,711	1,788	1,812	1,964	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,701	1,683	1,615	1,698	1,709	1,860	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mining and logging	14	8	8	12	10	12	1.9	1.1	1.0	1.6	1.4	1.6
Construction	180	211	211	183	218	220	2.4	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.9	2.9
Manufacturing	101	112	109	112	104	116	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	59	61	55	63	57	68	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8
Nondurable goods	41	51	54	49	48	49	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	360	297	313	372	368	397	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.4
Wholesale trade(3)	42	34	56	63	54	67	0.7	0.6	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1
Retail trade	231	194	184	216	227	242	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	87	70	73	93	88	88	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.4
Information	46	28	28	42	38	33	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.4	1.2
Financial activities	56	65	63	63	59	60	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	43	35	31	27	33	26	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	30	31	36	26	34	0.6	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.5
Professional and business services	399	469	376	410	441	464	1.9	2.2	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.2
Education and health services	162	170	164	159	137	178	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7
Educational services	37	36	30	26	36	36	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.9
Health care and social assistance	125	134	134	133	100	142	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	314	257	272	296	257	326	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5	2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	75	97	57	67	71	69	3.1	4.0	2.3	2.8	2.9	2.8
Accommodation and food services	239	160	215	229	186	258	1.7	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.8
Other services	69	65	71	49	76	54	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.3	0.9
Government	117	90	97	91	102	104	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
Federal	7	7	8	7	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local	110	83	89	84	93	94	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local education	66	50	53	44	43	43	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	44	33	36	41	49	51	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	341	371	316	308	314	314	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
South	708	579	601	624	717	785	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4
Midwest	413	349	397	396	375	413	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
West	356	474	397	460	406	452	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	348	306	340	353	320	346	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	291	248	281	288	256	283	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	3	1	3	1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.1
Construction(3)	11	10	9	17	16	10	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	18	19	19	19	19	24	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	10	13	12	12	12	13	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	7	6	7	8	6	11	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	52	53	60	75	58	67	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	6	9	5	13	4	9	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	39	31	43	45	37	39	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	7	13	11	17	17	19	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	5	5	11	11	6	5	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	27	28	20	30	28	27	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	26	26	17	25	26	21	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	2	2	3	5	2	6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	75	51	62	59	58	65	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	54	46	35	38	37	34	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	8	8	5	4	5	5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	47	39	30	33	33	29	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	43	29	42	26	22	35	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	9	3	2	3	5	5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services(3)	35	26	39	24	16	31	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services(3)	5	5	20	12	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Government	56	58	59	65	64	63	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	11	11	11	13	12	14	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local	45	46	48	52	51	49	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	19	24	23	26	23	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	26	22	25	26	28	26	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	66	58	73	61	54	61	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	125	118	121	134	130	137	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	75	64	64	66	61	76	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	82	66	81	92	74	72	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	7,502	7,413	7,095	4.8	4.7	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,889	6,662	6,373	5.1	4.9	4.7
Mining and logging	34	33	32	4.3	4.2	4.0
Construction	299	384	338	3.8	4.7	4.2
Manufacturing	469	470	469	3.5	3.5	3.5
Durable goods	297	321	309	3.6	3.8	3.7
Nondurable goods	171	149	161	3.5	3.0	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,712	1,424	1,408	5.8	4.9	4.8
Wholesale trade	221	179	194	3.6	2.9	3.2
Retail trade	1,142	918	855	6.8	5.5	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	349	327	359	5.5	5.1	5.5
Information	110	137	162	3.8	4.6	5.4
Financial activities	351	384	357	3.9	4.2	3.9
Finance and insurance	263	277	263	4.0	4.2	4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	107	94	3.7	4.3	3.8
Professional and business services	1,404	1,331	1,301	6.2	5.8	5.7
Education and health services	1,246	1,315	1,155	5.0	5.2	4.5
Educational services	76	135	120	2.0	3.7	3.1
Health care and social assistance	1,170	1,180	1,035	5.5	5.4	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,028	937	910	5.9	5.1	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	80	118	117	3.2	4.1	4.5
Accommodation and food services	948	819	792	6.3	5.3	5.2
Other services	238	245	240	3.9	3.9	3.9
Government	613	751	722	2.7	3.4	3.1
Federal	83	121	102	2.9	4.1	3.5
State and local	530	630	620	2.6	3.2	3.0
State and local education	212	230	229	2.0	2.4	2.1
State and local, excluding education	318	400	391	3.3	4.1	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,317	1,404	1,239	4.6	4.8	4.3
South	2,722	2,746	2,676	4.7	4.7	4.6
Midwest	1,784	1,597	1,552	5.1	4.6	4.4
West	1,679	1,666	1,628	4.6	4.5	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	5,723	6,481	6,009	3.8	4.3	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,278	5,797	5,546	4.1	4.5	4.3
Mining and logging	43	23	25	5.7	3.0	3.3
Construction	353	411	406	4.7	5.3	5.3
Manufacturing	342	363	362	2.7	2.8	2.8
Durable goods	192	202	205	2.4	2.5	2.5
Nondurable goods	150	161	158	3.1	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,171	1,220	1,225	4.2	4.4	4.4
Wholesale trade	137	146	158	2.3	2.4	2.7
Retail trade	792	830	795	5.1	5.3	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	242	244	272	4.0	4.0	4.4
Information	89	95	88	3.2	3.3	3.1
Financial activities	204	243	204	2.4	2.8	2.3
Finance and insurance	134	153	128	2.1	2.4	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	90	76	3.1	3.8	3.2
Professional and business services	1,104	1,181	1,205	5.2	5.5	5.6
Education and health services	727	848	774	3.1	3.5	3.2
Educational services	144	171	149	3.9	4.8	3.9
Health care and social assistance	583	678	625	2.9	3.3	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,040	1,185	1,099	6.3	6.8	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	127	135	5.9	4.6	5.3
Accommodation and food services	897	1,059	964	6.4	7.2	6.7
Other services	205	227	159	3.5	3.8	2.7
Government	445	683	463	2.0	3.2	2.0
Federal	39	72	42	1.4	2.5	1.5
State and local	406	611	421	2.1	3.3	2.1
State and local education	273	456	273	2.6	4.9	2.6
State and local, excluding education	133	155	148	1.4	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	882	957	958	3.2	3.4	3.4
South	2,292	2,590	2,328	4.2	4.7	4.2
Midwest	1,315	1,420	1,315	4.0	4.3	3.9
West	1,234	1,514	1,409	3.6	4.3	4.0
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	5,900	6,822	6,172	3.9	4.5	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,514	6,293	5,765	4.3	4.8	4.5
Mining and logging	36	31	23	4.7	4.0	3.0
Construction	371	459	439	4.9	5.9	5.7
Manufacturing	334	398	375	2.6	3.1	2.9
Durable goods	188	232	217	2.3	2.9	2.7
Nondurable goods	147	165	159	3.1	3.4	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,148	1,367	1,186	4.2	4.9	4.3
Wholesale trade	139	165	165	2.4	2.8	2.8
Retail trade	825	939	804	5.3	6.0	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	183	264	217	3.0	4.4	3.5
Information	97	106	81	3.5	3.7	2.8
Financial activities	203	287	206	2.4	3.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	138	196	127	2.2	3.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	91	80	2.8	3.8	3.4
Professional and business services	1,084	1,201	1,199	5.1	5.5	5.5
Education and health services	626	768	652	2.6	3.2	2.7
Educational services	95	156	92	2.6	4.4	2.4
Health care and social assistance	531	612	560	2.7	3.0	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,363	1,403	1,392	8.2	8.1	8.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	275	260	254	11.2	9.5	10.1
Accommodation and food services	1,088	1,143	1,139	7.7	7.8	7.9
Other services	252	274	213	4.3	4.6	3.6
Government	386	528	407	1.7	2.4	1.8
Federal	37	46	45	1.3	1.6	1.6
State and local	349	483	362	1.8	2.6	1.8
State and local education	136	222	130	1.3	2.4	1.2
State and local, excluding education	212	260	232	2.3	2.7	2.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,014	1,148	1,010	3.7	4.1	3.6
South	2,319	2,665	2,318	4.2	4.8	4.2
Midwest	1,293	1,466	1,387	3.9	4.4	4.2
West	1,273	1,542	1,458	3.7	4.4	4.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	3,615	4,478	3,697	2.4	3.0	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,435	4,215	3,504	2.7	3.2	2.7
Mining and logging	24	18	13	3.2	2.4	1.7
Construction	182	228	204	2.4	2.9	2.7
Manufacturing	208	263	225	1.6	2.0	1.7
Durable goods	115	151	131	1.4	1.9	1.6
Nondurable goods	92	113	94	1.9	2.3	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	796	947	777	2.9	3.4	2.8
Wholesale trade	92	107	91	1.6	1.8	1.5
Retail trade	596	679	559	3.8	4.3	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	108	161	128	1.8	2.7	2.1
Information	47	63	42	1.7	2.2	1.5
Financial activities	129	178	129	1.5	2.0	1.5
Finance and insurance	78	118	88	1.2	1.8	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	51	61	42	2.2	2.6	1.8
Professional and business services	614	723	671	2.9	3.3	3.1
Education and health services	426	565	452	1.8	2.3	1.9
Educational services	59	91	58	1.6	2.6	1.5
Health care and social assistance	366	473	393	1.8	2.3	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	852	1,075	862	5.2	6.2	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	113	157	110	4.6	5.7	4.4
Accommodation and food services	739	918	752	5.2	6.3	5.2
Other services	158	153	129	2.7	2.6	2.2
Government	180	264	193	0.8	1.2	0.9
Federal	19	22	19	0.7	0.8	0.7
State and local	162	241	174	0.8	1.3	0.9
State and local education	69	133	78	0.7	1.4	0.7
State and local, excluding education	92	108	96	1.0	1.1	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	517	686	531	1.9	2.5	1.9
South	1,477	1,761	1,377	2.7	3.2	2.5
Midwest	804	985	889	2.4	3.0	2.7
West	817	1,046	900	2.4	3.0	2.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	1,945	2,001	2,138	1.3	1.3	1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,793	1,808	1,984	1.4	1.4	1.5
Mining and logging	10	9	9	1.4	1.2	1.3
Construction	178	214	225	2.4	2.8	2.9
Manufacturing	110	117	126	0.9	0.9	1.0
Durable goods	63	70	73	0.8	0.9	0.9
Nondurable goods	47	46	53	1.0	1.0	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	300	358	342	1.1	1.3	1.2
Wholesale trade	42	54	67	0.7	0.9	1.1
Retail trade	190	218	206	1.2	1.4	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	68	86	70	1.1	1.4	1.1
Information	46	38	34	1.6	1.3	1.2
Financial activities	50	72	54	0.6	0.8	0.6
Finance and insurance	38	43	22	0.6	0.7	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	12	29	32	0.5	1.2	1.4
Professional and business services	397	419	463	1.9	1.9	2.1
Education and health services	146	164	166	0.6	0.7	0.7
Educational services	28	59	29	0.8	1.7	0.8
Health care and social assistance	118	106	137	0.6	0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	467	306	495	2.8	1.8	2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	153	98	139	6.2	3.6	5.5
Accommodation and food services	314	208	356	2.2	1.4	2.5
Other services	89	111	68	1.5	1.9	1.2
Government	152	193	154	0.7	0.9	0.7
Federal	7	12	11	0.2	0.4	0.4
State and local	145	181	144	0.7	1.0	0.7
State and local education	52	61	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
State and local, excluding education	93	120	109	1.0	1.3	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	427	400	410	1.6	1.4	1.5
South	728	768	816	1.3	1.4	1.5
Midwest	416	408	424	1.3	1.2	1.3
West	374	425	489	1.1	1.2	1.4
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Sept. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)
Total	340	342	337	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	286	270	278	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	3	1	0.2	0.4	0.1
Construction	11	16	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	17	17	24	0.1	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	9	11	13	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	7	6	11	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	52	62	66	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	6	4	7	0.1	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	39	41	40	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	7	17	19	0.1	0.3	0.3
Information	5	6	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	24	37	23	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	22	34	17	0.4	0.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	2	6	0.1	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	73	58	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	55	39	34	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	8	6	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	47	33	29	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	43	22	35	0.3	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	9	5	5	0.3	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	35	16	31	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services	5	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.3
Government	54	72	60	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	12	16	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	42	60	44	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	16	29	17	0.1	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	32	27	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	71	62	68	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	114	136	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	74	73	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	82	71	69	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.