Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, November 1, 2022   USDL-22-2094
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                        JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2022

The number of job openings increased to 10.7 million on the last business day of September, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The number of hires edged down to 6.1 million, while total 
separations decreased to 5.7 million. Within separations, quits (4.1 million) changed little and layoffs 
and discharges (1.3 million) edged down. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size 
class. 
      
Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the number of job openings increased to 10.7 million 
(+437,000), partially offsetting a sharp decline in August. The rate changed little at 6.5 percent in 
September but was 0.8 percentage point lower than its peak in March 2022. In September, the largest 
increases in job openings were in accommodation and food services (+215,000); health care and social 
assistance (+115,000); and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+111,000). The number of job 
openings decreased in wholesale trade (-104,000) and in finance and insurance (-83,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number of hires edged down to 6.1 million and the rate changed little at 4.0 percent. 
Hires decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-57,000) and in state and local government education 
(-40,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In September, the number and rate of total separations decreased to 5.7 million (-370,000) and 3.7 
percent, respectively. Total separations decreased in accommodation and food services (-103,000); 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-42,000); and durable goods manufacturing (-38,000).       
(See table 3.)

In September, the number of quits changed little at 4.1 million, and the rate was 2.7 percent for the third 
month in a row. Quits decreased in construction (-56,000); transportation, warehousing, and utilities       
(-35,000); and durable goods manufacturing (-28,000). Quits increased in state and local government, 
excluding education (+15,000). (See table 4.)

In September, the number of layoffs and discharges edged down to 1.3 million and the rate changed 
little at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges changed little in all industries. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations decreased in September to 299,000 (-84,000). Other separations 
decreased in health care and social assistance (-31,000); professional and business services (-28,000); 
and finance and insurance (-20,000). Other separations increased in other services (+13,000) and federal 
government (+3,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In September, the job openings rate decreased in establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The 
quits rate decreased in establishments with 50 to 249 employees. For a more in-depth description of the 
JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, November 30, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	10,673	10,280	10,717	6,504	6,334	6,082	6,008	6,058	5,688
Total private	9,680	9,240	9,668	6,153	5,919	5,719	5,658	5,692	5,296
Mining and logging	29	24	28	16	20	22	14	21	20
Construction	348	386	422	346	349	360	307	338	344
Manufacturing	941	846	806	470	461	383	439	417	362
Durable goods	560	514	473	261	267	210	241	231	193
Nondurable goods	381	332	333	209	194	173	199	186	169
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,950	1,576	1,585	1,374	1,303	1,254	1,259	1,319	1,221
Wholesale trade	309	342	238	176	164	164	169	152	141
Retail trade	1,059	792	795	894	794	768	817	803	758
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	582	442	553	304	345	322	273	364	322
Information	172	201	206	115	106	102	106	99	84
Financial activities	438	557	501	290	233	226	265	238	218
Finance and insurance	324	363	280	224	158	149	211	159	145
Real estate and rental and leasing	115	194	221	66	75	78	54	79	73
Professional and business services	1,832	1,812	1,916	1,260	1,192	1,152	1,167	1,115	1,069
Education and health services	1,979	2,168	2,306	833	878	853	810	777	755
Educational services	171	187	210	97	105	100	86	80	91
Health care and social assistance	1,808	1,981	2,096	736	773	753	724	696	664
Leisure and hospitality	1,538	1,397	1,631	1,189	1,132	1,118	1,043	1,144	1,020
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	192	193	212	182	156	160	146	159	136
Accommodation and food services	1,346	1,204	1,419	1,007	976	957	897	986	883
Other services	453	274	267	260	244	249	247	224	203
Government	994	1,040	1,049	351	415	364	350	365	392
Federal	139	139	172	43	38	41	44	40	42
State and local	854	900	877	308	377	323	306	325	350
State and local education	274	331	311	130	185	145	165	159	169
State and local, excluding education	580	569	565	178	191	177	141	166	181
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.8	6.3	6.5	4.4	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7
Total private	7.2	6.6	6.9	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.1
Mining and logging	4.8	3.7	4.3	2.7	3.3	3.5	2.5	3.3	3.2
Construction	4.5	4.8	5.2	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.1	4.4	4.5
Manufacturing	7.0	6.2	5.9	3.8	3.6	3.0	3.5	3.2	2.8
Durable goods	6.8	6.0	5.6	3.4	3.3	2.6	3.1	2.9	2.4
Nondurable goods	7.5	6.4	6.4	4.5	4.0	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	6.5	5.2	5.2	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.2
Wholesale trade	5.1	5.5	3.9	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.4
Retail trade	6.4	4.8	4.8	5.8	5.0	4.8	5.3	5.1	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	8.0	5.9	7.3	4.5	4.9	4.6	4.1	5.1	4.6
Information	5.6	6.2	6.3	4.0	3.5	3.3	3.7	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	4.7	5.8	5.3	3.3	2.6	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	4.7	5.2	4.1	3.4	2.4	2.3	3.2	2.4	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.8	7.6	8.5	2.9	3.2	3.3	2.4	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	7.9	7.5	7.9	5.9	5.3	5.1	5.5	5.0	4.8
Education and health services	7.7	8.1	8.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.1
Educational services	4.5	4.6	5.1	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.4
Health care and social assistance	8.2	8.7	9.2	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	9.5	8.1	9.3	8.2	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.4	7.7	8.4	8.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	6.9	5.9
Accommodation and food services	9.7	8.2	9.5	8.1	7.3	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.5
Other services	7.6	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.5	3.9	3.5
Government	4.3	4.5	4.5	1.6	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8
Federal	4.6	4.6	5.7	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5
State and local	4.3	4.4	4.3	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8
State and local education	2.6	3.1	2.9	1.3	1.8	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.6
State and local, excluding education	6.0	5.9	5.9	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	10,673	11,303	11,040	11,170	10,280	10,717	6.8	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.3	6.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,680	10,275	10,054	10,065	9,240	9,668	7.2	7.4	7.2	7.2	6.6	6.9
Mining and logging	29	36	38	35	24	28	4.8	5.4	5.6	5.3	3.7	4.3
Construction	348	405	353	353	386	422	4.5	5.0	4.4	4.4	4.8	5.2
Manufacturing	941	816	850	910	846	806	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.2	5.9
Durable goods	560	505	558	530	514	473	6.8	6.0	6.6	6.2	6.0	5.6
Nondurable goods	381	311	293	380	332	333	7.5	6.0	5.7	7.2	6.4	6.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,950	2,108	1,653	1,778	1,576	1,585	6.5	6.8	5.4	5.8	5.2	5.2
Wholesale trade	309	371	276	278	342	238	5.1	6.0	4.5	4.5	5.5	3.9
Retail trade	1,059	1,185	885	946	792	795	6.4	7.0	5.3	5.6	4.8	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	582	551	492	554	442	553	8.0	7.2	6.5	7.3	5.9	7.3
Information	172	248	239	222	201	206	5.6	7.7	7.4	6.8	6.2	6.3
Financial activities	438	524	622	641	557	501	4.7	5.5	6.5	6.7	5.8	5.3
Finance and insurance	324	370	476	474	363	280	4.7	5.3	6.7	6.7	5.2	4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	115	154	145	167	194	221	4.8	6.1	5.8	6.6	7.6	8.5
Professional and business services	1,832	2,007	2,127	1,991	1,812	1,916	7.9	8.3	8.7	8.2	7.5	7.9
Education and health services	1,979	2,147	2,222	2,165	2,168	2,306	7.7	8.1	8.4	8.1	8.1	8.6
Educational services	171	179	196	207	187	210	4.5	4.5	4.9	5.1	4.6	5.1
Health care and social assistance	1,808	1,967	2,026	1,958	1,981	2,096	8.2	8.8	9.0	8.7	8.7	9.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,538	1,542	1,494	1,516	1,397	1,631	9.5	9.0	8.7	8.8	8.1	9.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	192	157	152	203	193	212	8.4	6.4	6.2	8.1	7.7	8.4
Accommodation and food services	1,346	1,385	1,343	1,313	1,204	1,419	9.7	9.4	9.1	8.9	8.2	9.5
Other services	453	442	456	454	274	267	7.6	7.2	7.4	7.4	4.6	4.5
Government	994	1,028	986	1,104	1,040	1,049	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.5
Federal	139	121	114	158	139	172	4.6	4.1	3.8	5.2	4.6	5.7
State and local	854	907	872	946	900	877	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.3
State and local education	274	362	318	335	331	311	2.6	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.1	2.9
State and local, excluding education	580	545	554	611	569	565	6.0	5.7	5.8	6.3	5.9	5.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,794	1,933	1,870	1,776	1,634	1,718	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.1	5.7	5.9
South	4,083	4,237	4,330	4,322	4,092	4,252	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.1	6.7	6.9
Midwest	2,396	2,479	2,433	2,487	2,175	2,325	7.0	7.0	6.9	7.0	6.2	6.5
West	2,400	2,655	2,407	2,584	2,379	2,421	6.5	7.0	6.4	6.8	6.3	6.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	6,504	6,507	6,456	6,238	6,334	6,082	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,153	6,098	6,033	5,846	5,919	5,719	4.9	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.4
Mining and logging	16	26	30	25	20	22	2.7	4.3	4.8	4.0	3.3	3.5
Construction	346	359	352	384	349	360	4.7	4.7	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.7
Manufacturing	470	468	481	428	461	383	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.0
Durable goods	261	249	245	240	267	210	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.3	2.6
Nondurable goods	209	219	236	188	194	173	4.5	4.5	4.9	3.9	4.0	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,374	1,324	1,277	1,277	1,303	1,254	4.9	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
Wholesale trade	176	196	171	165	164	164	3.1	3.4	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8
Retail trade	894	791	790	782	794	768	5.8	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	304	336	316	330	345	322	4.5	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.6
Information	115	105	116	101	106	102	4.0	3.5	3.9	3.3	3.5	3.3
Financial activities	290	233	210	223	233	226	3.3	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.5
Finance and insurance	224	155	145	148	158	149	3.4	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	79	65	76	75	78	2.9	3.3	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.3
Professional and business services	1,260	1,303	1,263	1,258	1,192	1,152	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.3	5.1
Education and health services	833	899	914	862	878	853	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.5
Educational services	97	126	111	103	105	100	2.7	3.3	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.6
Health care and social assistance	736	773	803	760	773	753	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,189	1,148	1,167	1,071	1,132	1,118	8.2	7.4	7.4	6.8	7.2	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	182	172	180	160	156	160	8.7	7.5	7.8	6.9	6.8	6.9
Accommodation and food services	1,007	976	987	911	976	957	8.1	7.3	7.4	6.8	7.3	7.1
Other services	260	235	221	217	244	249	4.7	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.3	4.4
Government	351	409	423	392	415	364	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.6
Federal	43	42	43	45	38	41	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.4
State and local	308	367	380	348	377	323	1.6	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.7
State and local education	130	188	193	169	185	145	1.3	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.4
State and local, excluding education	178	178	187	179	191	177	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	985	981	933	906	898	895	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3
South	2,703	2,711	2,700	2,612	2,618	2,577	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.5
Midwest	1,375	1,337	1,373	1,328	1,397	1,224	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.2	3.7
West	1,441	1,479	1,450	1,393	1,422	1,387	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	6,008	6,017	6,009	5,794	6,058	5,688	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,658	5,649	5,619	5,450	5,692	5,296	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.1
Mining and logging	14	23	21	19	21	20	2.5	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.2
Construction	307	336	325	355	338	344	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.5
Manufacturing	439	438	446	414	417	362	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.2	2.8
Durable goods	241	229	239	226	231	193	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.4
Nondurable goods	199	209	207	188	186	169	4.2	4.3	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,259	1,231	1,194	1,199	1,319	1,221	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.2
Wholesale trade	169	185	161	153	152	141	3.0	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4
Retail trade	817	776	746	743	803	758	5.3	4.9	4.7	4.7	5.1	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	273	271	287	303	364	322	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.3	5.1	4.6
Information	106	86	95	90	99	84	3.7	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	265	220	201	206	238	218	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	211	151	144	136	159	145	3.2	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	54	70	58	70	79	73	2.4	2.9	2.4	3.0	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	1,167	1,193	1,229	1,220	1,115	1,069	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.0	4.8
Education and health services	810	824	806	737	777	755	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.1
Educational services	86	97	82	80	80	91	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.4
Health care and social assistance	724	728	723	657	696	664	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,043	1,069	1,074	1,006	1,144	1,020	7.2	6.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	146	161	156	159	159	136	7.0	7.0	6.8	6.9	6.9	5.9
Accommodation and food services	897	908	918	847	986	883	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.3	7.3	6.5
Other services	247	228	229	204	224	203	4.5	4.0	4.0	3.6	3.9	3.5
Government	350	368	390	344	365	392	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8
Federal	44	46	47	40	40	42	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5
State and local	306	323	343	304	325	350	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8
State and local education	165	150	169	150	159	169	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
State and local, excluding education	141	173	174	153	166	181	1.6	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.8	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	850	857	845	870	879	787	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.2	2.9
South	2,495	2,511	2,619	2,447	2,645	2,352	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.3	4.7	4.1
Midwest	1,319	1,216	1,230	1,208	1,168	1,275	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.8
West	1,344	1,432	1,315	1,268	1,366	1,275	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	4,253	4,274	4,253	4,058	4,184	4,061	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,042	4,048	4,012	3,850	3,965	3,820	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9
Mining and logging	10	17	16	13	14	12	1.7	2.7	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.0
Construction	188	230	181	210	208	152	2.5	3.0	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.0
Manufacturing	311	317	327	287	286	247	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.2	1.9
Durable goods	170	164	173	161	159	131	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.0	1.6
Nondurable goods	141	153	154	127	127	116	3.0	3.2	3.2	2.6	2.6	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	976	916	933	869	940	908	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.2
Wholesale trade	129	113	121	90	96	104	2.3	1.9	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.8
Retail trade	667	611	603	578	591	585	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	181	192	209	200	254	219	2.7	2.7	3.0	2.8	3.6	3.1
Information	53	52	62	44	56	51	1.8	1.8	2.1	1.5	1.8	1.7
Financial activities	147	132	142	156	149	153	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7
Finance and insurance	115	85	101	109	96	97	1.8	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	32	47	41	47	53	57	1.4	2.0	1.8	2.0	2.2	2.4
Professional and business services	757	766	763	776	671	729	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.0	3.2
Education and health services	631	624	609	534	580	574	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.3
Educational services	58	68	58	52	53	54	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4
Health care and social assistance	572	555	551	482	527	521	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	836	859	827	833	912	844	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.8	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	89	89	78	83	75	69	4.2	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.0
Accommodation and food services	748	770	749	750	837	775	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.6	6.2	5.7
Other services	135	136	151	127	150	148	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.2	2.6	2.6
Government	211	225	241	208	219	241	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1
Federal	23	23	23	21	22	22	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8
State and local	188	203	218	187	196	220	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
State and local education	104	96	110	97	99	108	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0
State and local, excluding education	83	106	108	90	97	112	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	572	573	543	581	588	542	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
South	1,793	1,840	1,963	1,746	1,890	1,730	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.0
Midwest	900	871	829	831	800	886	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.7
West	987	990	918	900	907	904	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	1,405	1,416	1,400	1,390	1,490	1,328	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,329	1,335	1,317	1,317	1,405	1,247	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mining and logging	3	5	4	5	5	7	0.5	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.1
Construction	108	97	135	134	120	178	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.7	1.6	2.3
Manufacturing	110	101	96	97	97	85	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7
Durable goods	59	52	49	46	51	42	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nondurable goods	51	49	46	51	46	43	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	236	262	209	268	301	251	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.9
Wholesale trade	32	61	34	48	42	25	0.6	1.0	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.4
Retail trade	130	134	117	139	174	150	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.9	1.1	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	73	66	58	81	85	77	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.1
Information	40	28	27	34	38	25	1.4	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.3	0.8
Financial activities	48	56	38	30	58	53	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6
Finance and insurance	31	44	25	12	35	40	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	18	11	13	18	23	13	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.6
Professional and business services	361	351	379	364	370	293	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.3
Education and health services	142	162	152	158	148	164	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7
Educational services	23	25	19	23	23	35	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.9
Health care and social assistance	119	137	133	135	124	129	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	186	191	209	162	205	158	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	54	69	76	75	81	65	2.6	3.0	3.3	3.2	3.5	2.8
Accommodation and food services	132	123	133	87	124	93	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.7
Other services	92	81	69	66	64	32	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.1	0.6
Government	77	81	83	73	85	81	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Federal	8	10	7	6	7	7	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	68	70	76	68	78	75	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local education	32	35	34	30	35	37	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
State and local, excluding education	36	36	42	37	43	38	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	223	234	261	234	222	201	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.7
South	575	556	492	574	598	496	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
Midwest	335	278	334	323	301	328	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
West	273	349	313	259	369	304	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	349	328	356	346	383	299	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	287	265	290	283	322	229	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	1	2	1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Construction	10	9	10	11	11	14	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	18	20	22	30	34	30	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Durable goods	12	13	16	19	21	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nondurable goods	6	7	6	11	13	10	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	47	53	52	62	78	62	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	8	10	5	15	14	12	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	20	30	26	25	38	24	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	19	13	21	22	26	26	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Information	13	6	5	12	5	8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	70	33	21	20	31	12	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1
Finance and insurance	65	21	18	15	28	8	1.0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	12	3	5	3	3	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	48	76	87	81	75	47	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	38	39	45	45	49	17	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	5	3	5	5	4	3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	33	35	40	40	45	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	21	19	38	11	28	18	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	2	1	3	2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	17	16	36	10	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	21	10	9	11	10	23	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Government	62	63	66	62	61	70	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	13	17	13	11	14	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local	50	49	49	50	50	56	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	29	19	25	23	25	25	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	21	31	24	26	26	31	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	55	50	41	55	69	44	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	127	116	163	127	157	126	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	84	68	67	54	67	61	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	84	94	84	110	89	67	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	10,747	10,389	10,695	6.8	6.4	6.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,765	9,348	9,686	7.2	6.7	6.9
Mining and logging	32	26	29	5.2	3.9	4.3
Construction	335	408	412	4.2	4.9	5.0
Manufacturing	944	858	810	7.1	6.2	5.9
Durable goods	568	522	483	6.9	6.1	5.7
Nondurable goods	375	336	327	7.4	6.4	6.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	2,096	1,698	1,675	7.0	5.6	5.5
Wholesale trade	309	330	232	5.1	5.3	3.8
Retail trade	1,180	922	870	7.1	5.5	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	606	446	573	8.3	6.0	7.5
Information	185	191	214	6.1	5.9	6.6
Financial activities	424	544	492	4.6	5.7	5.2
Finance and insurance	322	347	273	4.7	5.0	4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	102	197	219	4.3	7.6	8.4
Professional and business services	1,872	1,814	1,935	8.0	7.5	7.9
Education and health services	1,903	2,098	2,234	7.4	8.0	8.3
Educational services	161	178	197	4.3	4.7	4.9
Health care and social assistance	1,741	1,920	2,037	8.0	8.5	8.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,514	1,438	1,611	9.3	8.0	9.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	153	193	185	6.6	7.0	7.3
Accommodation and food services	1,360	1,245	1,427	9.7	8.2	9.5
Other services	461	272	274	7.7	4.5	4.6
Government	982	1,041	1,009	4.2	4.6	4.3
Federal	131	141	169	4.3	4.7	5.6
State and local	851	900	840	4.2	4.6	4.1
State and local education	272	324	278	2.6	3.3	2.6
State and local, excluding education	579	576	562	6.0	5.9	5.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,784	1,643	1,681	6.4	5.7	5.8
South	4,115	4,156	4,273	7.0	6.8	7.0
Midwest	2,444	2,179	2,358	7.1	6.2	6.6
West	2,404	2,412	2,382	6.5	6.3	6.3
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	6,621	7,153	6,127	4.5	4.7	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,190	6,420	5,686	4.9	4.9	4.4
Mining and logging	17	21	22	2.8	3.2	3.5
Construction	339	348	348	4.5	4.4	4.4
Manufacturing	486	507	388	3.9	3.9	3.0
Durable goods	266	285	210	3.4	3.6	2.6
Nondurable goods	220	222	178	4.7	4.5	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,382	1,477	1,246	5.0	5.2	4.4
Wholesale trade	180	169	168	3.2	2.9	2.8
Retail trade	867	927	733	5.6	5.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	334	381	345	5.0	5.5	4.9
Information	122	116	108	4.2	3.8	3.6
Financial activities	291	241	226	3.3	2.7	2.5
Finance and insurance	226	165	149	3.5	2.5	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	76	77	2.8	3.2	3.2
Professional and business services	1,241	1,176	1,097	5.8	5.2	4.9
Education and health services	910	1,037	920	3.8	4.3	3.7
Educational services	146	175	139	4.0	4.9	3.6
Health care and social assistance	764	863	781	3.8	4.2	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,156	1,239	1,083	7.8	7.5	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	149	132	124	6.9	5.2	5.3
Accommodation and food services	1,007	1,107	958	8.0	8.0	7.1
Other services	245	257	248	4.4	4.5	4.3
Government	431	733	441	1.9	3.4	2.0
Federal	46	41	44	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local	385	692	397	2.0	3.7	2.0
State and local education	220	501	236	2.1	5.3	2.3
State and local, excluding education	165	191	161	1.8	2.1	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,028	916	927	3.9	3.4	3.4
South	2,711	3,044	2,563	4.9	5.3	4.5
Midwest	1,391	1,556	1,223	4.4	4.7	3.7
West	1,491	1,637	1,413	4.3	4.6	4.0
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	6,378	7,221	5,993	4.3	4.7	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,986	6,677	5,546	4.8	5.1	4.2
Mining and logging	14	23	20	2.5	3.6	3.1
Construction	325	387	353	4.3	4.9	4.5
Manufacturing	471	506	371	3.8	3.9	2.9
Durable goods	257	286	198	3.3	3.6	2.5
Nondurable goods	213	221	173	4.5	4.5	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,262	1,551	1,231	4.6	5.4	4.3
Wholesale trade	173	176	145	3.0	3.0	2.4
Retail trade	835	1,015	766	5.4	6.4	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	254	360	321	3.8	5.2	4.6
Information	107	114	80	3.7	3.7	2.6
Financial activities	263	307	225	3.0	3.4	2.5
Finance and insurance	209	213	148	3.2	3.2	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	53	94	77	2.3	3.9	3.2
Professional and business services	1,198	1,164	1,072	5.6	5.2	4.8
Education and health services	820	887	763	3.5	3.7	3.1
Educational services	85	128	85	2.3	3.6	2.2
Health care and social assistance	735	759	678	3.7	3.7	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,241	1,472	1,189	8.4	9.0	7.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	217	273	215	10.1	10.6	9.1
Accommodation and food services	1,024	1,199	974	8.1	8.6	7.2
Other services	286	266	242	5.2	4.6	4.2
Government	392	544	447	1.8	2.5	2.0
Federal	43	46	39	1.5	1.6	1.4
State and local	348	498	408	1.8	2.7	2.1
State and local education	151	249	159	1.5	2.7	1.5
State and local, excluding education	197	249	249	2.2	2.7	2.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	992	1,095	895	3.8	4.1	3.3
South	2,560	3,052	2,389	4.7	5.4	4.2
Midwest	1,394	1,428	1,374	4.4	4.3	4.1
West	1,431	1,645	1,335	4.2	4.6	3.7
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	4,510	5,143	4,285	3.1	3.4	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,289	4,824	4,026	3.4	3.7	3.1
Mining and logging	10	16	13	1.8	2.6	2.0
Construction	214	256	173	2.8	3.2	2.2
Manufacturing	338	367	259	2.7	2.8	2.0
Durable goods	187	207	141	2.4	2.6	1.8
Nondurable goods	151	160	118	3.2	3.3	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,007	1,135	940	3.6	4.0	3.3
Wholesale trade	135	121	109	2.4	2.0	1.8
Retail trade	697	755	601	4.5	4.8	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	175	259	229	2.6	3.7	3.3
Information	53	70	51	1.8	2.3	1.7
Financial activities	147	186	155	1.7	2.1	1.7
Finance and insurance	118	124	98	1.8	1.9	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	62	57	1.3	2.6	2.4
Professional and business services	785	750	754	3.7	3.3	3.4
Education and health services	648	687	586	2.7	2.8	2.4
Educational services	62	83	53	1.7	2.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	586	604	533	2.9	2.9	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	932	1,167	925	6.3	7.1	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	113	141	91	5.3	5.5	3.9
Accommodation and food services	818	1,026	833	6.5	7.4	6.1
Other services	155	189	171	2.8	3.3	3.0
Government	222	319	259	1.0	1.5	1.2
Federal	23	26	20	0.8	0.9	0.7
State and local	198	292	239	1.0	1.6	1.2
State and local education	102	167	107	1.0	1.8	1.0
State and local, excluding education	96	126	131	1.1	1.4	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	629	749	588	2.4	2.8	2.2
South	1,829	2,217	1,761	3.3	3.9	3.1
Midwest	970	1,030	959	3.0	3.1	2.9
West	1,083	1,147	976	3.1	3.2	2.7
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	1,527	1,656	1,412	1.0	1.1	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,410	1,502	1,287	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mining and logging	2	5	6	0.4	0.8	1.0
Construction	100	119	166	1.3	1.5	2.1
Manufacturing	117	104	85	0.9	0.8	0.7
Durable goods	61	58	41	0.8	0.7	0.5
Nondurable goods	56	45	44	1.2	0.9	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	205	329	228	0.7	1.1	0.8
Wholesale trade	31	41	24	0.5	0.7	0.4
Retail trade	117	212	141	0.8	1.3	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	58	76	63	0.9	1.1	0.9
Information	41	39	21	1.4	1.3	0.7
Financial activities	47	81	58	0.5	0.9	0.6
Finance and insurance	28	53	43	0.4	0.8	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	28	15	0.8	1.2	0.6
Professional and business services	365	342	273	1.7	1.5	1.2
Education and health services	137	145	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Educational services	19	40	29	0.5	1.1	0.8
Health care and social assistance	118	105	131	0.6	0.5	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	287	272	246	1.9	1.7	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	99	127	121	4.6	5.0	5.1
Accommodation and food services	187	145	125	1.5	1.0	0.9
Other services	110	66	44	2.0	1.1	0.8
Government	116	154	125	0.5	0.7	0.6
Federal	8	7	6	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	108	147	119	0.6	0.8	0.6
State and local education	28	53	32	0.3	0.6	0.3
State and local, excluding education	80	94	87	0.9	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	304	273	260	1.2	1.0	1.0
South	609	652	506	1.1	1.1	0.9
Midwest	339	320	349	1.1	1.0	1.1
West	275	411	298	0.8	1.2	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Sept. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)
Total	341	421	296	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	287	350	233	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	2	2	1	0.3	0.2	0.1
Construction	11	11	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	16	35	27	0.1	0.3	0.2
Durable goods	9	21	17	0.1	0.3	0.2
Nondurable goods	6	15	10	0.1	0.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	50	87	64	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	7	14	11	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	22	48	23	0.1	0.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	21	25	29	0.3	0.4	0.4
Information	13	5	8	0.5	0.2	0.3
Financial activities	69	40	12	0.8	0.4	0.1
Finance and insurance	64	36	8	1.0	0.5	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	4	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	48	72	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	35	55	16	0.1	0.2	0.1
Educational services	4	5	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	31	50	14	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	23	33	18	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	5	3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	19	28	16	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	21	11	28	0.4	0.2	0.5
Government	54	71	63	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	13	13	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	42	58	50	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	21	30	19	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	21	28	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	59	73	46	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	123	184	123	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	85	78	66	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	74	87	61	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.