For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, October 9, 2019		USDL-19-1772

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.1 million on the last business day of August, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged down to 5.8 million and 
separations were little changed at 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.3 
percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.2 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the job openings level was little changed at 7.1 million. The job 
openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 
government. The job openings level decreased in nondurable goods manufacturing (-49,000) and in 
information (-47,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.8 million (-199,000) in August. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. 
The number of hires edged down for total private (-219,000) and was little changed for government. The 
hires level increased in federal government (+35,000). The number of hires decreased in the South 
region. (See table 2.)

Separations
 
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in August. The total separations rate 
was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
The total separations level was little changed in all industries. The number of total separations decreased 
in the Midwest region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits decreased in August to 3.5 million (-142,000). The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 
quits level decreased for total private (-144,000) and was little changed for government. Quits 
decreased in professional and business services (-76,000) and in other services (-67,000). The number of 
quits decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in August at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 
for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in federal government (+3,000). The 
layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August. The other separations level was also 
little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in arts, entertainment, 
and recreation (+3,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See 
table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 69.5 million and 
separations totaled 67.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, November 5, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,342	7,174	7,051	5,826	5,978	5,779	5,600	5,810	5,638
Total private	6,611	6,462	6,320	5,435	5,620	5,401	5,257	5,473	5,293
Mining and logging(1)	31	41	33	44	23	21	36	27	27
Construction(1)	315	360	379	386	374	418	349	376	414
Manufacturing	501	513	484	368	338	329	339	326	310
Durable goods(1)	301	317	337	205	190	189	180	177	180
Nondurable goods(1)	200	196	147	163	148	140	159	149	130
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,341	1,256	1,303	1,232	1,233	1,176	1,216	1,217	1,195
Wholesale trade	224	169	184	160	169	148	144	165	141
Retail trade	876	793	804	819	804	781	842	807	811
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	241	294	315	253	260	247	230	246	243
Information(1)	143	177	130	85	94	97	96	95	98
Financial activities	435	379	364	218	256	234	225	231	237
Finance and insurance	347	249	254	140	163	146	144	140	147
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	130	111	78	94	89	81	91	90
Professional and business services	1,341	1,238	1,228	1,117	1,180	1,097	1,055	1,148	1,067
Education and health services	1,286	1,287	1,273	683	750	677	633	682	642
Educational services(1)	128	135	120	94	108	87	88	91	100
Health care and social assistance	1,158	1,152	1,154	589	642	590	545	590	543
Leisure and hospitality	994	959	898	1,081	1,150	1,145	1,081	1,144	1,120
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	101	108	184	155	156	178	150	157
Accommodation and food services	885	858	790	897	995	989	903	994	962
Other services	225	252	227	223	221	207	227	226	182
Government	730	712	731	391	358	378	343	336	345
Federal(1)	121	127	137	36	37	72	34	37	40
State and local	610	585	594	355	322	306	309	300	304
State and local education	227	212	212	196	172	163	157	158	154
State and local, excluding education(1)	382	373	382	159	150	143	153	142	151
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.7	4.5	4.4	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Total private	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging(1)	4.0	5.2	4.3	6.0	3.1	2.8	4.9	3.6	3.6
Construction(1)	4.1	4.6	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.6	4.8	5.0	5.5
Manufacturing	3.8	3.8	3.6	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.4
Durable goods(1)	3.6	3.8	4.0	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
Nondurable goods(1)	4.0	3.9	3.0	3.4	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.3
Wholesale trade	3.7	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.4
Retail trade	5.2	4.8	4.9	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.1	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.9	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0
Information(1)	4.8	5.9	4.4	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.5
Financial activities	4.8	4.2	4.0	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7
Finance and insurance	5.2	3.8	3.8	2.2	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.7	5.3	4.5	3.4	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.9
Professional and business services	6.0	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.0
Education and health services	5.1	5.0	5.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.6
Educational services(1)	3.3	3.4	3.0	2.5	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.6
Health care and social assistance	5.5	5.3	5.3	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	5.7	5.4	5.1	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.6	6.9	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.3	4.0	4.2	7.7	6.3	6.4	7.4	6.1	6.4
Accommodation and food services	5.9	5.7	5.2	6.4	7.0	6.9	6.4	7.0	6.7
Other services	3.7	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.1
Government	3.1	3.1	3.1	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5
Federal(1)	4.1	4.3	4.6	1.3	1.3	2.5	1.2	1.3	1.4
State and local	3.0	2.9	2.9	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	4.0	3.9	4.0	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.6
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	7,342	7,372	7,384	7,248	7,174	7,051	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,611	6,635	6,680	6,560	6,462	6,320	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.7
Mining and logging(3)	31	32	30	29	41	33	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.7	5.2	4.3
Construction(3)	315	434	376	331	360	379	4.1	5.5	4.8	4.2	4.6	4.8
Manufacturing	501	496	503	515	513	484	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.6
Durable goods(3)	301	318	320	322	317	337	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0
Nondurable goods(3)	200	179	183	193	196	147	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,341	1,435	1,352	1,390	1,256	1,303	4.6	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.3	4.5
Wholesale trade	224	262	220	213	169	184	3.7	4.2	3.6	3.5	2.8	3.0
Retail trade	876	818	815	863	793	804	5.2	4.9	4.9	5.2	4.8	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	241	355	317	314	294	315	3.9	5.5	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.9
Information(3)	143	130	107	129	177	130	4.8	4.4	3.7	4.4	5.9	4.4
Financial activities	435	354	352	378	379	364	4.8	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.0
Finance and insurance	347	224	266	260	249	254	5.2	3.4	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	130	86	118	130	111	3.7	5.3	3.6	4.8	5.3	4.5
Professional and business services	1,341	1,260	1,313	1,292	1,238	1,228	6.0	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.4
Education and health services	1,286	1,254	1,329	1,322	1,287	1,273	5.1	4.9	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.0
Educational services(3)	128	147	122	127	135	120	3.3	3.7	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.0
Health care and social assistance	1,158	1,107	1,207	1,195	1,152	1,154	5.5	5.2	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	994	1,022	1,027	913	959	898	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.2	5.4	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	105	110	104	101	108	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2
Accommodation and food services	885	917	916	809	858	790	5.9	6.1	6.0	5.4	5.7	5.2
Other services	225	217	292	261	252	227	3.7	3.5	4.7	4.2	4.1	3.7
Government	730	737	704	688	712	731	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1
Federal(3)	121	151	110	110	127	137	4.1	5.1	3.8	3.8	4.3	4.6
State and local	610	587	595	578	585	594	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9
State and local education	227	215	212	217	212	212	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
State and local, excluding education(3)	382	372	383	360	373	382	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,197	1,065	1,271	1,231	1,172	1,239	4.2	3.7	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.3
South	2,707	2,827	2,754	2,641	2,634	2,689	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.6
Midwest	1,742	1,796	1,697	1,689	1,690	1,507	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.3
West	1,696	1,684	1,662	1,688	1,677	1,617	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	5,826	5,991	5,760	5,716	5,978	5,779	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,435	5,613	5,398	5,377	5,620	5,401	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.2
Mining and logging	44	28	27	21	23	21	6.0	3.7	3.5	2.8	3.1	2.8
Construction	386	420	387	413	374	418	5.3	5.6	5.2	5.5	5.0	5.6
Manufacturing	368	367	340	336	338	329	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Durable goods	205	212	193	194	190	189	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3
Nondurable goods	163	155	147	142	148	140	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,232	1,146	1,161	1,177	1,233	1,176	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.2
Wholesale trade	160	156	164	154	169	148	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.5
Retail trade	819	756	770	798	804	781	5.2	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	253	234	227	225	260	247	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.7	4.2	4.0
Information	85	87	99	93	94	97	3.0	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.4
Financial activities	218	235	217	219	256	234	2.5	2.7	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.7
Finance and insurance	140	144	139	128	163	146	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.6	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	91	78	91	94	89	3.4	3.9	3.4	3.9	4.0	3.8
Professional and business services	1,117	1,253	1,172	1,112	1,180	1,097	5.3	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.5	5.1
Education and health services	683	726	675	676	750	677	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.8
Educational services	94	108	98	93	108	87	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.3
Health care and social assistance	589	618	577	583	642	590	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,081	1,129	1,100	1,114	1,150	1,145	6.6	6.8	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	184	161	167	128	155	156	7.7	6.5	6.8	5.2	6.3	6.4
Accommodation and food services	897	968	933	986	995	989	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.9	7.0	6.9
Other services	223	223	220	217	221	207	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5
Government	391	379	361	339	358	378	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7
Federal	36	38	32	33	37	72	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.3	2.5
State and local	355	340	329	306	322	306	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	196	171	171	166	172	163	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education	159	170	158	140	150	143	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	901	944	957	891	964	924	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.3
South	2,263	2,368	2,261	2,293	2,420	2,275	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.1
Midwest	1,313	1,304	1,233	1,249	1,274	1,247	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7
West	1,349	1,374	1,308	1,283	1,320	1,333	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	5,600	5,687	5,557	5,513	5,810	5,638	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,257	5,335	5,208	5,174	5,473	5,293	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	36	31	24	24	27	27	4.9	4.1	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.6
Construction	349	405	390	407	376	414	4.8	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.5
Manufacturing	339	357	334	331	326	310	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.4
Durable goods	180	205	188	180	177	180	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
Nondurable goods	159	152	147	151	149	130	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,216	1,137	1,134	1,118	1,217	1,195	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.4	4.3
Wholesale trade	144	136	148	152	165	141	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.4
Retail trade	842	781	768	767	807	811	5.3	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.1	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	230	219	219	199	246	243	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.3	4.0	4.0
Information	96	105	91	90	95	98	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.5
Financial activities	225	225	211	219	231	237	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.7
Finance and insurance	144	135	134	125	140	147	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	81	90	78	94	91	90	3.6	3.9	3.4	4.1	3.9	3.9
Professional and business services	1,055	1,174	1,139	1,059	1,148	1,067	5.0	5.5	5.3	4.9	5.3	5.0
Education and health services	633	637	622	611	682	642	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.6
Educational services	88	91	95	89	91	100	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.6
Health care and social assistance	545	546	527	522	590	543	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,081	1,067	1,047	1,096	1,144	1,120	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	178	147	173	136	150	157	7.4	6.0	7.0	5.6	6.1	6.4
Accommodation and food services	903	919	874	960	994	962	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.7	7.0	6.7
Other services	227	197	215	218	226	182	3.9	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.1
Government	343	353	349	339	336	345	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Federal	34	32	34	33	37	40	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4
State and local	309	321	315	306	300	304	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	157	165	178	174	158	154	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	153	156	137	132	142	151	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	866	816	924	896	870	888	3.2	2.9	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2
South	2,200	2,344	2,078	2,114	2,237	2,272	4.0	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.1
Midwest	1,215	1,236	1,216	1,224	1,298	1,146	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.4
West	1,319	1,292	1,339	1,278	1,404	1,332	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7	4.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	3,473	3,516	3,478	3,462	3,668	3,526	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,303	3,327	3,277	3,278	3,487	3,343	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.6
Mining and logging	20	19	15	13	14	14	2.7	2.5	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.8
Construction	177	145	168	186	177	173	2.4	1.9	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.3
Manufacturing	206	224	203	203	195	192	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
Durable goods	112	130	114	114	103	115	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
Nondurable goods	94	93	89	89	92	78	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	761	744	784	745	771	767	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8
Wholesale trade	101	93	105	90	89	89	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.5
Retail trade	531	524	543	540	545	545	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	126	136	115	137	133	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2
Information	50	58	57	50	43	54	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.9
Financial activities	147	145	118	137	138	147	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.7
Finance and insurance	88	82	73	77	88	85	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	59	64	45	60	50	62	2.6	2.7	2.0	2.6	2.1	2.7
Professional and business services	607	647	619	621	679	603	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.8
Education and health services	437	425	406	412	485	465	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	2.0	1.9
Educational services	37	50	51	54	61	60	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.6
Health care and social assistance	400	375	355	359	424	405	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	763	773	761	782	822	830	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	80	83	73	77	80	76	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1
Accommodation and food services	683	691	688	705	742	754	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.2	5.3
Other services	135	147	144	128	165	98	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.8	1.7
Government	170	190	202	183	181	183	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	15	15	16	14	17	18	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
State and local	155	175	186	170	164	165	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
State and local education	83	90	103	98	88	89	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9
State and local, excluding education	72	85	82	71	75	76	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	454	448	496	507	502	527	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
South	1,380	1,478	1,381	1,392	1,479	1,435	2.5	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.6
Midwest	783	791	802	763	836	716	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.1
West	856	799	799	800	852	848	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	1,809	1,830	1,773	1,711	1,788	1,787	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,693	1,726	1,683	1,615	1,698	1,686	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging	14	11	8	8	12	10	1.9	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.6	1.3
Construction	162	240	211	211	183	227	2.2	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.4	3.0
Manufacturing	113	111	112	109	112	100	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	60	64	61	55	63	54	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	53	47	51	54	49	47	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	396	351	297	313	372	370	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3
Wholesale trade(3)	39	36	34	56	63	48	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.1	0.8
Retail trade	272	234	194	184	216	229	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	86	80	70	73	93	94	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.5	1.5
Information	38	33	28	28	42	38	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.3
Financial activities	57	54	65	63	63	61	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	41	31	35	31	27	34	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	15	23	30	31	36	26	0.7	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.1
Professional and business services	410	451	469	376	410	412	1.9	2.1	2.2	1.8	1.9	1.9
Education and health services	143	170	170	164	159	139	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Educational services	46	35	36	30	26	35	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.9
Health care and social assistance	97	135	134	134	133	104	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	286	263	257	272	296	257	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	92	63	97	57	67	76	3.8	2.5	4.0	2.3	2.8	3.1
Accommodation and food services	194	201	160	215	229	181	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.3
Other services	74	43	65	71	49	73	1.3	0.7	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.2
Government	115	104	90	97	91	100	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	7	6	7	8	7	10	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4
State and local	108	97	83	89	84	90	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local education	50	52	50	53	44	41	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	58	46	33	36	41	49	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	329	325	371	316	308	311	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1
South	699	727	579	601	624	700	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3
Midwest	381	379	349	397	396	367	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
West	400	398	474	397	460	408	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	319	341	306	340	353	325	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	261	282	248	281	288	264	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	3	1	3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.4
Construction(3)	9	21	10	9	17	15	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	20	22	19	19	19	17	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Durable goods	8	10	13	12	12	11	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nondurable goods(3)	12	12	6	7	8	6	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	59	42	53	60	75	58	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	4	7	9	5	13	4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	40	24	31	43	45	38	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	15	12	13	11	17	16	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	7	15	5	11	11	7	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	22	26	28	20	30	29	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	15	23	26	17	25	27	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	6	4	2	3	5	2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	39	75	51	62	59	52	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	54	43	46	35	38	39	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	6	6	8	5	4	5	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	48	37	39	30	33	34	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	30	29	42	26	33	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	6	2	3	2	3	6	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services(3)	27	28	26	39	24	28	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	18	7	5	20	12	11	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2
Government	58	60	58	59	65	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	10	11	11	13	12	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	46	49	46	48	52	49	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	23	23	24	23	26	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	23	26	22	25	26	26	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	84	42	58	73	61	49	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	122	138	118	121	134	136	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	51	67	64	64	66	63	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	63	94	66	81	92	77	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	7,474	7,443	7,034	4.8	4.7	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,728	6,659	6,294	5.0	4.9	4.6
Mining and logging	31	41	33	3.9	5.2	4.2
Construction	315	360	379	4.0	4.4	4.7
Manufacturing	501	513	484	3.8	3.8	3.6
Durable goods	301	317	337	3.6	3.8	4.0
Nondurable goods	200	196	147	4.0	3.9	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,416	1,295	1,322	4.9	4.5	4.5
Wholesale trade	216	191	168	3.5	3.1	2.7
Retail trade	959	810	839	5.7	4.9	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	241	294	315	3.9	4.6	5.0
Information	143	177	130	4.8	5.8	4.3
Financial activities	432	385	365	4.8	4.2	4.0
Finance and insurance	344	255	255	5.1	3.8	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	130	111	3.7	5.2	4.5
Professional and business services	1,369	1,270	1,235	6.1	5.6	5.4
Education and health services	1,269	1,333	1,239	5.1	5.3	4.9
Educational services	128	135	120	3.6	3.7	3.3
Health care and social assistance	1,141	1,197	1,119	5.4	5.5	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,034	1,016	904	5.7	5.5	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	103	95	105	3.7	3.3	3.7
Accommodation and food services	931	922	798	6.1	5.9	5.2
Other services	218	269	203	3.6	4.3	3.3
Government	746	784	740	3.4	3.6	3.3
Federal	121	127	137	4.1	4.3	4.6
State and local	626	657	603	3.2	3.4	3.1
State and local education	243	284	221	2.6	3.1	2.3
State and local, excluding education	382	373	382	3.9	3.8	3.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,237	1,206	1,272	4.3	4.2	4.4
South	2,687	2,761	2,618	4.7	4.8	4.5
Midwest	1,799	1,712	1,518	5.2	4.9	4.4
West	1,752	1,765	1,626	4.8	4.8	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	6,469	6,557	6,332	4.3	4.3	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,765	6,145	5,698	4.5	4.7	4.4
Mining and logging	48	26	23	6.3	3.4	3.0
Construction	381	432	418	5.0	5.6	5.4
Manufacturing	402	384	354	3.1	3.0	2.7
Durable goods	218	212	199	2.7	2.6	2.5
Nondurable goods	183	172	154	3.8	3.6	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,288	1,265	1,226	4.7	4.6	4.4
Wholesale trade	170	192	150	2.9	3.2	2.5
Retail trade	869	823	830	5.5	5.2	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	249	250	247	4.2	4.1	4.1
Information	84	99	98	3.0	3.5	3.4
Financial activities	220	283	243	2.6	3.2	2.8
Finance and insurance	143	178	149	2.3	2.8	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	77	105	93	3.4	4.4	3.9
Professional and business services	1,140	1,259	1,106	5.4	5.8	5.1
Education and health services	859	871	832	3.7	3.6	3.5
Educational services	172	140	156	5.0	4.0	4.5
Health care and social assistance	687	731	676	3.4	3.6	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,126	1,261	1,202	6.6	7.2	6.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	162	122	5.3	5.8	4.4
Accommodation and food services	982	1,099	1,080	6.8	7.5	7.4
Other services	216	262	197	3.7	4.4	3.3
Government	704	413	634	3.3	1.9	2.9
Federal	36	36	73	1.3	1.3	2.6
State and local	668	377	560	3.6	2.0	3.0
State and local education	511	195	422	5.5	2.2	4.5
State and local, excluding education	157	182	138	1.7	1.9	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	933	1,126	942	3.4	4.1	3.4
South	2,593	2,592	2,542	4.7	4.7	4.6
Midwest	1,454	1,359	1,368	4.4	4.1	4.1
West	1,488	1,479	1,479	4.3	4.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	6,679	6,272	6,705	4.5	4.1	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,137	5,862	6,188	4.8	4.5	4.8
Mining and logging	40	27	30	5.2	3.6	3.9
Construction	389	392	457	5.1	5.1	5.9
Manufacturing	432	358	388	3.4	2.8	3.0
Durable goods	234	205	230	2.9	2.5	2.8
Nondurable goods	197	153	158	4.1	3.2	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,360	1,253	1,364	4.9	4.5	4.9
Wholesale trade	171	177	162	2.9	3.0	2.7
Retail trade	942	830	933	6.0	5.3	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	247	245	269	4.2	4.1	4.4
Information	104	103	111	3.7	3.6	3.9
Financial activities	263	240	284	3.0	2.7	3.2
Finance and insurance	181	142	191	2.9	2.2	3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	82	97	93	3.6	4.1	3.9
Professional and business services	1,122	1,183	1,113	5.3	5.5	5.1
Education and health services	762	808	780	3.3	3.4	3.2
Educational services	135	125	160	3.9	3.6	4.6
Health care and social assistance	627	683	620	3.1	3.3	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,365	1,242	1,408	8.0	7.1	8.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	282	144	251	10.5	5.1	9.1
Accommodation and food services	1,082	1,098	1,157	7.5	7.5	7.9
Other services	301	255	253	5.1	4.2	4.2
Government	541	410	517	2.5	1.9	2.4
Federal	38	36	47	1.4	1.3	1.6
State and local	503	375	470	2.7	2.0	2.5
State and local education	239	225	222	2.6	2.5	2.4
State and local, excluding education	264	150	248	2.8	1.6	2.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,095	917	1,115	4.0	3.3	4.0
South	2,567	2,464	2,642	4.7	4.5	4.8
Midwest	1,509	1,389	1,406	4.6	4.2	4.2
West	1,508	1,502	1,542	4.4	4.3	4.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	4,308	4,144	4,380	2.9	2.7	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,049	3,929	4,112	3.2	3.0	3.2
Mining and logging	24	17	17	3.2	2.2	2.2
Construction	223	214	217	2.9	2.8	2.8
Manufacturing	280	229	260	2.2	1.8	2.0
Durable goods	149	126	153	1.9	1.6	1.9
Nondurable goods	131	103	107	2.7	2.1	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	927	834	933	3.4	3.0	3.4
Wholesale trade	128	95	110	2.2	1.6	1.8
Retail trade	649	585	668	4.1	3.7	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	150	154	155	2.5	2.5	2.6
Information	63	50	68	2.2	1.7	2.4
Financial activities	168	150	170	1.9	1.7	1.9
Finance and insurance	109	100	108	1.7	1.6	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	50	62	2.6	2.1	2.6
Professional and business services	693	732	671	3.3	3.4	3.1
Education and health services	519	557	576	2.2	2.3	2.4
Educational services	58	82	99	1.7	2.4	2.8
Health care and social assistance	461	475	477	2.3	2.3	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	975	954	1,066	5.7	5.5	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	151	102	139	5.6	3.6	5.1
Accommodation and food services	823	853	926	5.7	5.8	6.3
Other services	177	193	135	3.0	3.2	2.3
Government	259	215	268	1.2	1.0	1.2
Federal	19	17	23	0.7	0.6	0.8
State and local	240	198	245	1.3	1.1	1.3
State and local education	136	114	138	1.5	1.3	1.5
State and local, excluding education	104	83	107	1.1	0.9	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	583	549	663	2.1	2.0	2.4
South	1,683	1,700	1,746	3.1	3.1	3.2
Midwest	1,024	949	933	3.1	2.9	2.8
West	1,018	946	1,038	2.9	2.7	3.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	2,031	1,746	1,979	1.4	1.2	1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,814	1,635	1,798	1.4	1.3	1.4
Mining and logging	14	10	9	1.8	1.3	1.2
Construction	157	162	226	2.1	2.1	2.9
Manufacturing	131	108	112	1.0	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	77	65	67	1.0	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	54	43	45	1.1	0.9	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	369	333	367	1.3	1.2	1.3
Wholesale trade	39	63	48	0.7	1.1	0.8
Retail trade	249	196	222	1.6	1.2	1.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	81	75	97	1.4	1.2	1.6
Information	34	43	37	1.2	1.5	1.3
Financial activities	70	66	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
Finance and insurance	54	24	46	0.8	0.4	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	42	29	0.7	1.8	1.2
Professional and business services	387	392	392	1.8	1.8	1.8
Education and health services	187	210	164	0.8	0.9	0.7
Educational services	69	35	54	2.0	1.0	1.6
Health care and social assistance	119	175	109	0.6	0.9	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	358	261	309	2.1	1.5	1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	126	40	106	4.7	1.4	3.9
Accommodation and food services	232	221	203	1.6	1.5	1.4
Other services	107	51	107	1.8	0.8	1.8
Government	217	112	181	1.0	0.5	0.8
Federal	8	6	13	0.3	0.2	0.4
State and local	209	105	169	1.1	0.6	0.9
State and local education	74	71	57	0.8	0.8	0.6
State and local, excluding education	135	35	112	1.4	0.4	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	424	295	396	1.5	1.1	1.4
South	758	635	753	1.4	1.2	1.4
Midwest	424	370	398	1.3	1.1	1.2
West	425	446	432	1.2	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)	Aug. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019(p)
Total	339	382	346	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	274	298	278	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	3	0.2	0.1	0.4
Construction	9	17	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	20	21	16	0.2	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	8	14	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	12	8	6	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	64	86	64	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	5	20	4	0.1	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	44	49	43	0.3	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	15	17	16	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	7	11	7	0.2	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	25	24	39	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	19	18	37	0.3	0.3	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	5	2	0.3	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	41	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	56	41	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	8	8	7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	48	33	34	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	26	33	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6	3	6	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	27	24	28	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	18	12	11	0.3	0.2	0.2
Government	66	84	68	0.3	0.4	0.3
Federal	12	12	12	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	54	72	57	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local education	29	40	27	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local, excluding education	25	32	29	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	87	73	56	0.3	0.3	0.2
South	126	129	143	0.2	0.2	0.3
Midwest	61	71	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	65	109	72	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.