For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 11, 2018	USDL-18-1451

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.9 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 
5.7 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.4 
percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates 
of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 
four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the job openings level was little changed but reached a new series high 
of 6.9 million. The job openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for 
total private and for government. Job openings increased in finance and insurance (+46,000) and 
nondurable goods manufacturing (+32,000) but decreased in retail trade (-85,000), educational services 
(-34,000), and federal government (-19,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 1.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                     Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) Data Corrections                      |
|This news release contains corrections to previously released data in tables A, 1-3, 5, 7-9, and 11. More |
|information on these corrections as well as a complete list of corrections in this news release and in    |
|the JOLTS database can be found at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.                      |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in July. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in finance and 
insurance (-36,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
 
Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in July. The total separations rate was 
3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
Total separations increased in educational services (+26,000) but decreased in arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (-43,000). Total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in July at 3.6 million. The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 
number of quits edged up for total private (+109,000) and was little changed for government. Quits 
increased in accommodation and food services (+61,000), other services (+49,000), and educational 
services (+12,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.6 million in July. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 
private and for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+53,000) but decreased in 
arts, entertainment, and recreation (-40,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in 
all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 349,000. The other separations level was 
little changed for total private and for government. Other separations were little changed in all 
industries. The number of other separations decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 66.7 million and 
separations totaled 64.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2018 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 16, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,202	6,822	6,939	5,498	5,677	5,679	5,406	5,514	5,534
Total private	5,674	6,183	6,316	5,164	5,328	5,339	5,065	5,172	5,187
Mining and logging(1)	26	27	28	34	41	39	27	34	37
Construction(1)	255	267	273	355	360	377	368	350	347
Manufacturing	391	475	506	339	360	393	332	337	346
Durable goods(1)	189	293	292	192	207	236	195	180	187
Nondurable goods(1)	201	182	214	148	153	158	137	156	159
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,138	1,348	1,307	1,026	1,120	1,136	1,019	1,116	1,139
Wholesale trade(1)	227	222	251	141	135	136	145	131	125
Retail trade	655	842	757	688	755	786	690	778	812
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	256	285	299	196	230	214	184	207	202
Information(1)	110	136	146	80	78	79	88	81	80
Financial activities	365	352	378	207	247	211	200	234	233
Finance and insurance	276	244	290	141	169	133	127	154	148
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	90	108	88	66	79	78	72	79	84
Professional and business services	1,077	1,155	1,203	1,206	1,160	1,160	1,147	1,132	1,072
Education and health services	1,158	1,295	1,249	669	712	693	619	665	659
Educational services(1)	140	147	113	90	91	93	83	71	97
Health care and social assistance	1,018	1,148	1,136	579	620	600	536	594	561
Leisure and hospitality	828	931	1,003	1,030	1,047	1,064	1,008	1,018	1,047
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	81	86	94	177	166	145	205	173	130
Accommodation and food services	748	845	909	853	881	919	803	845	917
Other services(1)	326	198	224	219	202	187	258	207	227
Government	529	639	623	334	349	340	341	341	348
Federal(1)	90	115	96	32	30	35	38	32	35
State and local	439	524	526	302	320	305	303	309	313
State and local education	161	194	191	146	165	151	150	153	157
State and local, excluding education(1)	278	330	335	156	155	154	152	156	156
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.1	4.4	4.4	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
Total private	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging(1)	3.7	3.5	3.7	5.0	5.5	5.2	4.0	4.6	5.0
Construction(1)	3.5	3.6	3.6	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.3	4.8	4.8
Manufacturing	3.0	3.6	3.8	2.7	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.7
Durable goods(1)	2.4	3.6	3.5	2.5	2.6	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods(1)	4.1	3.7	4.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	2.9	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.0	4.6	4.5	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.1
Wholesale trade(1)	3.7	3.6	4.0	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	4.0	5.0	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.9	4.4	4.9	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.3	4.6	4.8	3.4	3.9	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.4
Information(1)	3.8	4.7	5.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.9
Financial activities	4.1	3.9	4.2	2.4	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.7
Finance and insurance	4.2	3.7	4.4	2.3	2.7	2.1	2.0	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.9	4.6	3.8	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.8
Professional and business services	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.1
Education and health services	4.7	5.2	5.0	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.8
Educational services(1)	3.7	3.8	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.6
Health care and social assistance	4.9	5.5	5.4	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	4.9	5.4	5.8	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.3	6.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.3	3.5	3.8	7.6	7.1	6.2	8.8	7.4	5.5
Accommodation and food services	5.1	5.7	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.6	5.8	6.0	6.5
Other services(1)	5.3	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.2	4.5	3.5	3.9
Government	2.3	2.8	2.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal(1)	3.1	3.9	3.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.2
State and local	2.2	2.6	2.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.0	3.5	3.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	6,202	6,638	6,840	6,659	6,822	6,939	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,674	6,026	6,263	6,052	6,183	6,316	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7
Mining and logging(3)	26	22	27	34	27	28	3.7	3.0	3.6	4.5	3.5	3.7
Construction(3)	255	235	243	253	267	273	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.6
Manufacturing	391	421	452	474	475	506	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.8
Durable goods(3)	189	253	281	296	293	292	2.4	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.5
Nondurable goods(3)	201	168	171	178	182	214	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,138	1,231	1,298	1,308	1,348	1,307	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
Wholesale trade(3)	227	199	214	183	222	251	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.6	4.0
Retail trade	655	733	771	793	842	757	4.0	4.4	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	256	299	313	332	285	299	4.3	4.9	5.1	5.4	4.6	4.8
Information(3)	110	152	188	132	136	146	3.8	5.2	6.3	4.5	4.7	5.0
Financial activities	365	368	335	350	352	378	4.1	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.2
Finance and insurance	276	281	237	262	244	290	4.2	4.3	3.6	4.0	3.7	4.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	90	87	98	88	108	88	3.9	3.7	4.2	3.8	4.6	3.8
Professional and business services	1,077	1,160	1,254	1,159	1,155	1,203	5.0	5.3	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.4
Education and health services	1,158	1,269	1,287	1,248	1,295	1,249	4.7	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.2	5.0
Educational services(3)	140	103	114	112	147	113	3.7	2.7	3.0	2.9	3.8	2.9
Health care and social assistance	1,018	1,166	1,173	1,136	1,148	1,136	4.9	5.6	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	828	900	940	877	931	1,003	4.9	5.2	5.5	5.1	5.4	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	81	86	113	88	86	94	3.3	3.5	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.8
Accommodation and food services	748	815	827	789	845	909	5.1	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.7	6.1
Other services(3)	326	268	239	218	198	224	5.3	4.4	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.7
Government	529	612	577	607	639	623	2.3	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.7
Federal(3)	90	101	82	97	115	96	3.1	3.5	2.9	3.4	3.9	3.3
State and local	439	511	495	510	524	526	2.2	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6
State and local education	161	174	175	173	194	191	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.8
State and local, excluding education(3)	278	337	320	337	330	335	3.0	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,119	1,135	1,196	1,104	1,174	1,175	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.1
South	2,246	2,331	2,405	2,414	2,429	2,515	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.4
Midwest	1,407	1,630	1,656	1,667	1,672	1,686	4.2	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9
West	1,430	1,542	1,582	1,474	1,547	1,562	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	5,498	5,476	5,581	5,747	5,677	5,679	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,164	5,150	5,236	5,404	5,328	5,339	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.2
Mining and logging	34	35	39	42	41	39	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.2
Construction	355	343	347	386	360	377	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.2
Manufacturing	339	353	358	356	360	393	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.1
Durable goods	192	211	213	208	207	236	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	3.0
Nondurable goods	148	142	145	149	153	158	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,026	1,080	1,109	1,099	1,120	1,136	3.7	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1
Wholesale trade	141	139	128	130	135	136	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3
Retail trade	688	721	759	738	755	786	4.3	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	196	220	222	231	230	214	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.6
Information	80	84	84	89	78	79	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.9
Financial activities	207	183	194	202	247	211	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.9	2.5
Finance and insurance	141	115	127	129	169	133	2.3	1.8	2.0	2.0	2.7	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	68	68	73	79	78	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.5
Professional and business services	1,206	1,178	1,143	1,190	1,160	1,160	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.5	5.5
Education and health services	669	662	687	723	712	693	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.9
Educational services	90	91	103	102	91	93	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	579	571	584	621	620	600	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,030	1,013	1,050	1,081	1,047	1,064	6.4	6.2	6.5	6.6	6.4	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	177	161	171	181	166	145	7.6	6.9	7.3	7.7	7.1	6.2
Accommodation and food services	853	852	879	900	881	919	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.5	6.3	6.6
Other services	219	219	223	236	202	187	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.4	3.2
Government	334	326	344	343	349	340	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal	32	29	37	29	30	35	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3
State and local	302	297	308	314	320	305	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	146	146	155	147	165	151	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education	156	151	153	167	155	154	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	878	785	806	854	898	916	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.3
South	2,118	2,178	2,229	2,304	2,286	2,309	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2
Midwest	1,291	1,216	1,224	1,336	1,245	1,278	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.9
West	1,211	1,297	1,322	1,252	1,249	1,176	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.4
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	5,406	5,321	5,424	5,419	5,514	5,534	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,065	4,986	5,085	5,093	5,172	5,187	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging	27	34	34	35	34	37	4.0	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.6	5.0
Construction	368	352	318	340	350	347	5.3	4.9	4.4	4.7	4.8	4.8
Manufacturing	332	342	343	342	337	346	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
Durable goods	195	198	198	193	180	187	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	137	145	145	149	156	159	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,019	1,067	1,104	1,073	1,116	1,139	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.1
Wholesale trade	145	131	136	119	131	125	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	690	732	757	726	778	812	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.9	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	184	205	211	228	207	202	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.5	3.4
Information	88	75	85	92	81	80	3.1	2.7	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.9
Financial activities	200	171	198	191	234	233	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.7
Finance and insurance	127	106	122	120	154	148	2.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	64	76	71	79	84	3.3	2.9	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.8
Professional and business services	1,147	1,163	1,114	1,143	1,132	1,072	5.6	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.1
Education and health services	619	615	641	652	665	659	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.8
Educational services	83	91	91	95	71	97	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.6	1.9	2.6
Health care and social assistance	536	525	549	557	594	561	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,008	973	1,050	1,038	1,018	1,047	6.3	6.0	6.5	6.4	6.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	205	145	176	166	173	130	8.8	6.2	7.5	7.1	7.4	5.5
Accommodation and food services	803	828	874	872	845	917	5.8	6.0	6.3	6.3	6.0	6.5
Other services	258	194	199	188	207	227	4.5	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.9
Government	341	335	339	326	341	348	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal	38	39	35	31	32	35	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
State and local	303	296	304	295	309	313	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
State and local education	150	149	160	144	153	157	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	152	147	144	150	156	156	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	875	773	802	795	857	781	3.2	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.8
South	2,148	2,166	2,194	2,173	2,189	2,300	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.2
Midwest	1,213	1,125	1,144	1,237	1,236	1,249	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8
West	1,171	1,258	1,285	1,214	1,232	1,204	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	3,240	3,387	3,349	3,480	3,477	3,583	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,076	3,217	3,166	3,287	3,285	3,394	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7
Mining and logging	18	21	22	23	21	22	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.8	3.0
Construction	149	149	154	162	164	175	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4
Manufacturing	203	211	204	197	206	209	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Durable goods	121	126	116	111	113	117	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5
Nondurable goods	82	85	88	86	93	92	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	677	667	688	737	751	724	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.6
Wholesale trade	91	84	84	86	79	79	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3
Retail trade	471	461	486	512	550	533	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	115	122	119	138	122	113	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.4	2.1	1.9
Information	52	43	48	56	51	48	1.9	1.6	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7
Financial activities	117	101	97	110	129	144	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.7
Finance and insurance	78	62	45	66	78	77	1.2	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	39	39	52	44	52	67	1.8	1.7	2.3	2.0	2.3	3.0
Professional and business services	630	715	671	692	723	728	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5
Education and health services	396	433	433	468	440	437	1.7	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8
Educational services	45	46	52	50	34	46	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.9	1.2
Health care and social assistance	351	387	381	417	407	391	1.8	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	667	731	724	714	705	763	4.1	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	64	92	70	71	77	74	2.7	3.9	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.1
Accommodation and food services	603	639	653	643	629	690	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.9
Other services(3)	166	145	125	129	95	144	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.2	1.6	2.4
Government	164	171	184	193	192	189	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
Federal	14	15	16	15	14	15	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	150	156	168	178	178	174	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
State and local education	77	79	90	93	92	93	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
State and local, excluding education	73	77	78	85	86	81	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	458	438	460	471	460	463	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
South	1,353	1,419	1,385	1,457	1,432	1,510	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.8
Midwest	697	718	717	775	819	827	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.5
West	732	813	786	777	766	783	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	1,816	1,546	1,731	1,618	1,652	1,602	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,695	1,448	1,640	1,538	1,568	1,503	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging(3)	6	11	11	10	11	14	0.9	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.9
Construction	210	180	156	159	176	163	3.0	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.2
Manufacturing	108	110	118	124	111	116	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9
Durable goods	61	60	69	69	55	55	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	47	50	49	55	56	61	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	267	302	343	262	290	345	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.2
Wholesale trade(3)	43	32	43	21	37	33	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	166	199	220	163	184	237	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	58	71	80	79	70	75	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.3
Information	24	27	29	25	22	26	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9
Financial activities	60	41	72	72	68	60	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
Finance and insurance	29	23	50	46	44	44	0.5	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	30	19	22	26	23	16	1.4	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.7
Professional and business services	447	376	386	383	341	281	2.2	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.3
Education and health services	170	143	165	146	172	170	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7
Educational services	29	37	33	38	29	42	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.1
Health care and social assistance	141	106	132	108	143	128	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	319	224	303	304	283	255	2.0	1.4	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	139	49	102	91	94	54	6.0	2.1	4.3	3.9	4.0	2.3
Accommodation and food services	180	174	201	213	189	201	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4
Other services	83	34	59	51	94	74	1.4	0.6	1.0	0.9	1.6	1.3
Government	121	98	91	80	84	100	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	15	11	6	7	6	7	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	106	87	85	73	78	93	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local education	51	45	46	33	34	38	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
State and local, excluding education	55	42	39	40	44	54	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6
REGION(4)
Northeast	351	268	263	267	316	263	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0
South	678	604	680	610	632	668	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
Midwest	440	326	366	392	334	349	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1
West	347	350	422	349	369	322	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	350	387	344	321	384	349	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	294	322	279	268	319	289	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	2	2	1	2	2	1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Construction(3)	10	22	8	19	10	9	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	21	21	21	21	20	21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	13	13	13	13	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	8	9	8	8	7	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	75	98	73	74	75	70	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	10	14	10	12	15	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Retail trade	53	72	52	51	44	42	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	11	12	12	11	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	12	4	8	10	8	7	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2
Financial activities	22	29	29	9	37	29	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	20	21	27	8	33	28	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	3	7	2	1	4	1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	69	72	57	67	69	62	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	53	39	43	39	52	51	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	8	7	6	6	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	44	32	36	32	44	42	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	22	19	24	19	29	29	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	1	4	4	4	3	2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	20	15	20	15	27	27	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	9	16	15	8	18	9	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2
Government	56	66	65	52	65	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	9	13	13	8	12	12	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	47	53	52	44	53	47	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	23	25	25	19	27	26	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	24	28	28	25	26	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	66	67	78	57	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	117	144	128	106	124	122	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	75	81	60	70	83	73	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	92	95	77	88	97	99	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	6,502	6,786	7,313	4.2	4.3	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,931	6,123	6,642	4.5	4.6	4.9
Mining and logging	26	27	28	3.7	3.4	3.6
Construction	255	267	273	3.4	3.5	3.5
Manufacturing	391	475	506	3.0	3.6	3.8
Durable goods	189	293	292	2.4	3.5	3.5
Nondurable goods	201	182	214	4.1	3.7	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,223	1,339	1,385	4.3	4.6	4.7
Wholesale trade	227	222	251	3.7	3.6	4.0
Retail trade	740	832	835	4.5	5.0	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	256	285	299	4.3	4.6	4.9
Information	110	136	146	3.8	4.6	5.0
Financial activities	373	341	392	4.2	3.8	4.3
Finance and insurance	283	233	305	4.3	3.5	4.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	90	108	88	3.9	4.5	3.7
Professional and business services	1,126	1,166	1,302	5.2	5.2	5.8
Education and health services	1,213	1,245	1,309	5.0	5.0	5.3
Educational services	140	147	113	4.0	4.0	3.2
Health care and social assistance	1,073	1,097	1,196	5.2	5.2	5.7
Leisure and hospitality	890	931	1,077	5.0	5.2	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	79	78	95	2.8	2.9	3.4
Accommodation and food services	810	853	981	5.4	5.6	6.4
Other services	326	198	224	5.3	3.2	3.6
Government	571	662	671	2.6	2.9	3.1
Federal	90	115	96	3.1	3.9	3.3
State and local	481	548	574	2.6	2.7	3.1
State and local education	203	218	240	2.3	2.1	2.6
State and local, excluding education	278	330	335	2.9	3.4	3.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,164	1,154	1,234	4.2	4.0	4.3
South	2,404	2,457	2,729	4.3	4.3	4.8
Midwest	1,451	1,633	1,728	4.3	4.7	5.0
West	1,482	1,541	1,622	4.2	4.3	4.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	5,916	6,500	6,125	4.0	4.3	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,546	6,065	5,744	4.4	4.7	4.5
Mining and logging	37	48	43	5.3	6.4	5.7
Construction	415	416	446	5.8	5.6	5.9
Manufacturing	371	448	434	3.0	3.5	3.4
Durable goods	204	251	253	2.6	3.1	3.2
Nondurable goods	167	197	181	3.5	4.1	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,025	1,136	1,137	3.7	4.1	4.1
Wholesale trade	159	155	153	2.7	2.6	2.5
Retail trade	678	764	786	4.3	4.8	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	188	216	197	3.3	3.7	3.4
Information	85	88	82	3.0	3.2	3.0
Financial activities	231	288	235	2.7	3.3	2.7
Finance and insurance	162	196	151	2.6	3.1	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	92	84	3.1	4.0	3.6
Professional and business services	1,259	1,253	1,211	6.1	5.9	5.7
Education and health services	762	799	784	3.3	3.4	3.4
Educational services	108	109	108	3.2	3.1	3.2
Health care and social assistance	654	689	676	3.3	3.5	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,100	1,312	1,151	6.5	7.7	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	184	282	144	6.8	10.6	5.3
Accommodation and food services	916	1,029	1,007	6.5	7.2	7.0
Other services	263	278	220	4.5	4.7	3.7
Government	369	435	381	1.8	2.0	1.8
Federal	28	39	37	1.0	1.4	1.3
State and local	342	396	344	1.9	2.0	1.9
State and local education	158	131	164	1.8	1.3	1.9
State and local, excluding education	183	265	181	1.9	2.8	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	984	1,106	1,048	3.7	4.0	3.8
South	2,256	2,472	2,449	4.2	4.5	4.5
Midwest	1,327	1,468	1,333	4.1	4.4	4.1
West	1,348	1,454	1,295	4.0	4.2	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	5,782	5,774	5,977	3.9	3.8	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,365	5,223	5,551	4.3	4.1	4.3
Mining and logging	30	33	40	4.3	4.5	5.4
Construction	395	314	387	5.5	4.2	5.2
Manufacturing	360	348	374	2.9	2.7	2.9
Durable goods	221	188	213	2.9	2.3	2.7
Nondurable goods	138	160	161	2.9	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,050	1,090	1,154	3.8	3.9	4.2
Wholesale trade	157	134	138	2.6	2.2	2.3
Retail trade	698	758	813	4.4	4.8	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	195	198	203	3.4	3.4	3.5
Information	93	77	85	3.3	2.7	3.0
Financial activities	202	236	233	2.4	2.7	2.7
Finance and insurance	127	157	148	2.0	2.5	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	80	85	3.3	3.5	3.7
Professional and business services	1,197	1,147	1,128	5.8	5.4	5.3
Education and health services	736	775	787	3.2	3.3	3.4
Educational services	119	123	146	3.6	3.5	4.3
Health care and social assistance	617	652	641	3.2	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,035	999	1,123	6.1	5.9	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	158	140	125	5.9	5.2	4.6
Accommodation and food services	877	859	998	6.2	6.0	6.9
Other services	268	203	239	4.6	3.4	4.0
Government	417	551	426	2.0	2.5	2.0
Federal	33	30	33	1.2	1.1	1.2
State and local	384	521	393	2.1	2.7	2.2
State and local education	229	358	235	2.6	3.5	2.7
State and local, excluding education	155	164	157	1.6	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	932	870	837	3.5	3.2	3.1
South	2,344	2,320	2,546	4.4	4.2	4.7
Midwest	1,236	1,275	1,312	3.8	3.8	4.0
West	1,271	1,310	1,282	3.8	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	3,653	3,711	4,044	2.5	2.5	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,451	3,408	3,810	2.8	2.7	3.0
Mining and logging	21	20	25	3.0	2.7	3.4
Construction	187	170	224	2.6	2.3	3.0
Manufacturing	236	220	242	1.9	1.7	1.9
Durable goods	144	118	140	1.9	1.5	1.7
Nondurable goods	92	102	103	1.9	2.1	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	723	758	772	2.6	2.7	2.8
Wholesale trade	101	81	87	1.7	1.4	1.4
Retail trade	489	557	558	3.1	3.5	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	133	120	127	2.3	2.0	2.2
Information	58	48	54	2.1	1.7	1.9
Financial activities	124	137	152	1.5	1.6	1.8
Finance and insurance	85	85	85	1.3	1.3	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	39	52	67	1.8	2.3	2.9
Professional and business services	694	735	799	3.4	3.5	3.8
Education and health services	470	492	513	2.1	2.1	2.2
Educational services	64	50	67	1.9	1.4	2.0
Health care and social assistance	405	442	446	2.1	2.2	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	771	732	884	4.6	4.3	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	84	94	3.0	3.1	3.5
Accommodation and food services	689	648	790	4.9	4.5	5.5
Other services	166	95	144	2.8	1.6	2.4
Government	202	303	234	1.0	1.4	1.1
Federal	14	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	187	288	219	1.0	1.5	1.2
State and local education	105	193	129	1.2	1.9	1.5
State and local, excluding education	82	95	89	0.9	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	514	475	519	1.9	1.7	1.9
South	1,545	1,543	1,738	2.9	2.8	3.2
Midwest	774	873	927	2.4	2.6	2.8
West	820	820	860	2.4	2.4	2.5
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	1,764	1,615	1,569	1.2	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,621	1,497	1,451	1.3	1.2	1.1
Mining and logging	6	11	14	0.9	1.4	1.9
Construction	198	134	154	2.8	1.8	2.1
Manufacturing	101	107	108	0.8	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	63	55	56	0.8	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	38	52	52	0.8	1.1	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	244	262	307	0.9	0.9	1.1
Wholesale trade	43	37	33	0.7	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	150	163	213	0.9	1.0	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	51	63	61	0.9	1.1	1.0
Information	24	20	24	0.8	0.7	0.9
Financial activities	60	62	58	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	28	39	42	0.4	0.6	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	23	16	1.5	1.0	0.7
Professional and business services	438	343	267	2.1	1.6	1.3
Education and health services	213	230	223	0.9	1.0	1.0
Educational services	46	65	70	1.4	1.8	2.1
Health care and social assistance	167	165	153	0.9	0.8	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	242	237	210	1.4	1.4	1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	75	53	28	2.8	2.0	1.0
Accommodation and food services	167	184	181	1.2	1.3	1.3
Other services	94	90	86	1.6	1.5	1.5
Government	143	117	117	0.7	0.5	0.6
Federal	10	4	6	0.4	0.2	0.2
State and local	133	113	111	0.7	0.6	0.6
State and local education	89	76	66	1.0	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	44	37	44	0.5	0.4	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	345	300	256	1.3	1.1	0.9
South	678	633	686	1.3	1.2	1.3
Midwest	386	309	310	1.2	0.9	0.9
West	357	373	316	1.1	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)	July 2017	June 2018	July 2018(p)
Total	365	449	365	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	293	317	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	2	1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Construction	10	10	9	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	22	22	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	15	16	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	7	7	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	82	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	12	16	18	0.2	0.3	0.3
Retail trade	58	38	42	0.4	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information	12	8	7	0.4	0.3	0.2
Financial activities	17	38	22	0.2	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	14	33	21	0.2	0.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	3	4	1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	65	69	63	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	53	52	51	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	8	8	9	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	44	44	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	22	29	29	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	20	27	27	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	9	18	9	0.1	0.3	0.2
Government	72	132	75	0.3	0.6	0.4
Federal	8	11	12	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	64	120	63	0.3	0.6	0.3
State and local education	35	89	40	0.4	0.9	0.5
State and local, excluding education	28	31	23	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	73	93	62	0.3	0.3	0.2
South	121	145	123	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	77	94	74	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	95	117	106	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.