For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 10, 2013	USDL-13-1834

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                    JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2013

There were 3.7 million job openings on the last business day of July, little changed from June, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent) 
also were little changed in July. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, 
hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

The number of job openings in July was 3.7 million, little changed from June. (See table 1.) The number 
of job openings was little changed in July in all industries and regions except professional and business 
services where the level dropped. 

The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year for total 
nonfarm, total private, and government. Increases in job openings in several industries were offset by 
decreases in job openings in several other industries, leading to little change at the total nonfarm level.
In the Midwest region, the number of job openings rose over the year. (See table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires in July was 4.4 million, essentially unchanged from June. The number of hires also 
was little changed for total private and government. Over the month, the hires level increased for health 
care and social assistance. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in July, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for 
total nonfarm and government but rose for total private. The number of hires increased over the year in 
finance and insurance, professional and business services, and federal government. The hires level rose 
over the year in the South. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.1 million total separations in July, little changed from June. The number of total separations 
for total private also was little changed while the number fell in government, reflecting a decline in state 
and local government over the month.

In July, the quits rates were essentially unchanged at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm, 1.9 percent for total 
private, and 0.6 percent for government. The quits rate was little changed over the month for all 
industries and regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the 12 months ending in July for total nonfarm 
and total private but was little changed for government. The number of quits rose in finance and 
insurance, professional and business services, and health care and social assistance. The rise in these three 
industries was partially offset by a decline in the number of quits in mining and logging and wholesale 
trade. The Midwest had a rise in the number of quits over the year but there was little change in the other 
three regions. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in July at 1.1 percent. The rates were little 
changed over the month for total private (1.2 percent) and government (0.4 percent). The rate was little 
changed in July for all four regions. Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not 
available for individual industries. (See table 5.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 
in July for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Over the year, the number of layoffs and 
discharges decreased in construction. The level was essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table 
11.)

In July, there were 328,000 other separations for total nonfarm, a decline from June. The number of 
other separations decreased over the month for total private and government. Seasonally adjusted 
estimates of other separations are not available for individual industries or regions. (See table 6.) Over 
the 12 months ending in July, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and 
total private but decreased for government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July 2013, hires totaled 52.1 million 
and separations totaled 50.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These figures include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2013 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 8, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	3,499	3,869	3,689	4,171	4,318	4,419	3,978	4,228	4,109
Total private(1)	3,118	3,459	3,284	3,893	4,036	4,133	3,686	3,913	3,835
Construction	70	120	100	362	309	308	354	310	298
Manufacturing	271	210	237	237	225	234	222	224	234
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	566	712	662	843	842	893	795	789	813
Retail trade	314	473	423	561	586	622	540	549	562
Professional and business services	625	685	569	823	928	935	766	891	833
Education and health services(3)	657	665	636	486	470	519	448	480	490
Health care and social assistance	572	598	577	414	403	446	383	413	427
Leisure and hospitality	461	483	496	723	793	760	693	740	721
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	52	49	46	111	133	107	106	107	109
Accommodation and food services	409	434	451	612	660	652	587	633	612
Government(4)	380	411	405	278	282	286	293	315	274
State and local	331	356	351	260	253	259	262	281	242
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	2.5	2.8	2.6	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.0
Total private(1)	2.7	2.9	2.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.4
Construction	1.2	2.0	1.7	6.4	5.3	5.3	6.3	5.3	5.1
Manufacturing	2.2	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	2.2	2.7	2.5	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.1
Retail trade	2.1	3.0	2.7	3.8	3.9	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.7
Professional and business services	3.4	3.6	3.0	4.6	5.0	5.0	4.3	4.8	4.5
Education and health services(3)	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.4
Health care and social assistance	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	3.2	3.3	3.4	5.3	5.6	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2.6	2.3	2.2	5.6	6.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.4
Accommodation and food services	3.4	3.5	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.0
Government(4)	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (2) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (3) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (4) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	3,499	3,875	3,800	3,907	3,869	3,689	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,118	3,473	3,400	3,479	3,459	3,284	2.7	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8
Construction	70	108	99	102	120	100	1.2	1.8	1.7	1.7	2.0	1.7
Manufacturing	271	271	243	237	210	237	2.2	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	566	669	715	784	712	662	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5
Retail trade	314	424	455	514	473	423	2.1	2.7	2.9	3.3	3.0	2.7
Professional and business services	625	692	731	632	685	569	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.0
Education and health services(6)	657	687	662	660	665	636	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0
Health care and social assistance	572	621	600	602	598	577	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	461	500	468	477	483	496	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	52	64	57	59	49	46	2.6	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.2
Accommodation and food services	409	436	410	419	434	451	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.6
Government(7)	380	402	401	428	411	405	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8
State and local	331	344	330	367	356	351	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8
REGION(8)
Northeast	640	699	638	654	658	611	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.3
South	1,312	1,501	1,525	1,555	1,504	1,400	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.8
Midwest	779	825	805	886	918	857	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.9	2.7
West	767	850	831	812	789	821	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	4,171	4,227	4,395	4,490	4,318	4,419	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,893	3,931	4,100	4,206	4,036	4,133	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6
Construction	362	320	283	317	309	308	6.4	5.5	4.9	5.5	5.3	5.3
Manufacturing	237	201	222	239	225	234	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	843	821	868	889	842	893	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4
Retail trade	561	562	598	620	586	622	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.1
Professional and business services	823	831	912	890	928	935	4.6	4.5	5.0	4.8	5.0	5.0
Education and health services(6)	486	520	544	541	470	519	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.5
Health care and social assistance	414	443	465	468	403	446	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	723	776	809	802	793	760	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	111	123	123	124	133	107	5.6	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.5	5.3
Accommodation and food services	612	653	686	678	660	652	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.4
Government(7)	278	295	295	284	282	286	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local	260	264	262	258	253	259	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast	669	722	742	724	671	678	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.6
South	1,635	1,640	1,720	1,760	1,714	1,782	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.6
Midwest	936	907	952	1,036	945	986	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.2
West	930	959	981	971	988	973	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	3,978	4,123	4,287	4,381	4,228	4,109	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,686	3,819	3,987	4,081	3,913	3,835	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.4
Construction	354	316	300	306	310	298	6.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.1
Manufacturing	222	203	224	249	224	234	1.9	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.9	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	795	820	857	883	789	813	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.1
Retail trade	540	557	604	613	549	562	3.6	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.6	3.7
Professional and business services	766	780	858	848	891	833	4.3	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.5
Education and health services(6)	448	482	518	544	480	490	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.4
Health care and social assistance	383	416	445	477	413	427	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	693	738	779	734	740	721	5.0	5.3	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	106	108	120	108	107	109	5.4	5.4	6.0	5.3	5.2	5.4
Accommodation and food services	587	631	659	626	633	612	5.0	5.2	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.0
Government(7)	293	304	300	300	315	274	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3
State and local	262	260	256	261	281	242	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast	687	711	697	695	679	700	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
South	1,519	1,599	1,645	1,726	1,739	1,655	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.3
Midwest	870	880	924	986	887	877	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.8
West	903	933	1,021	974	923	877	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.1	2.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	2,093	2,099	2,185	2,233	2,205	2,268	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	1,964	1,967	2,040	2,098	2,063	2,138	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
Construction	82	91	98	103	106	103	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8
Manufacturing	106	94	109	112	99	111	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	468	446	470	453	461	453	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.7
Retail trade	341	318	340	321	329	337	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2
Professional and business services	369	372	410	418	455	484	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.6
Education and health services(6)	270	281	283	283	286	290	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Health care and social assistance	239	255	251	246	254	265	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	430	445	454	464	436	453	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	46	47	42	42	46	47	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.3
Accommodation and food services	385	397	412	422	390	407	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.3
Government(7)	129	131	146	135	142	130	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6
State and local	118	120	134	124	131	119	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6
REGION(8)
Northeast	295	288	308	323	298	308	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2
South	909	894	918	964	934	961	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9
Midwest	432	473	516	494	525	517	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
West	458	444	444	452	448	481	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	1,534	1,686	1,741	1,752	1,602	1,513	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	1,437	1,572	1,645	1,649	1,503	1,425	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.2
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	98	114	96	103	99	88	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	315	358	324	302	309	333	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
South	499	584	601	625	647	587	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2
Midwest	364	329	325	416	277	282	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.9	0.9
West	356	415	491	410	370	312	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013	May 2013	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	351	338	360	396	420	328	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	285	280	302	333	347	272	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	66	58	58	63	73	56	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Midwest	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	3,793	3,892	3,950	2.8	2.8	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,387	3,452	3,519	2.9	2.9	3.0
Mining and logging	14	24	24	1.6	2.6	2.6
Construction	78	132	107	1.3	2.2	1.7
Manufacturing	304	213	264	2.5	1.7	2.1
Durable goods	203	145	163	2.6	1.9	2.1
Nondurable goods	101	68	101	2.2	1.5	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	634	694	721	2.4	2.6	2.7
Wholesale trade	158	97	134	2.7	1.7	2.3
Retail trade	357	470	460	2.3	3.0	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	119	127	127	2.3	2.5	2.5
Information	88	94	95	3.2	3.4	3.4
Financial activities	249	321	318	3.1	3.9	3.8
Finance and insurance	177	243	269	2.9	3.9	4.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	79	49	3.4	3.7	2.3
Professional and business services	665	676	569	3.6	3.5	3.0
Education and health services	709	645	674	3.4	3.1	3.2
Educational services	94	67	69	3.0	2.1	2.2
Health care and social assistance	615	577	605	3.5	3.2	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	508	510	558	3.4	3.3	3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	53	47	45	2.3	2.0	1.9
Accommodation and food services	455	464	513	3.6	3.6	3.9
Other services	139	143	190	2.5	2.5	3.3
Government	406	440	431	1.9	2.0	2.1
Federal	52	49	54	1.8	1.8	1.9
State and local	354	390	377	1.9	2.0	2.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	685	666	645	2.6	2.5	2.4
South	1,445	1,486	1,485	2.9	2.9	2.9
Midwest	849	918	941	2.7	2.9	3.0
West	814	822	879	2.7	2.7	2.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	4,607	5,087	4,852	3.5	3.7	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,277	4,692	4,518	3.8	4.1	3.9
Mining and logging	31	38	32	3.6	4.4	3.6
Construction	423	386	363	7.2	6.4	6.0
Manufacturing	268	266	265	2.2	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	153	154	156	2.0	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	115	112	109	2.6	2.5	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	859	854	918	3.4	3.3	3.5
Wholesale trade	141	122	124	2.5	2.1	2.1
Retail trade	553	591	622	3.7	3.9	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	165	141	172	3.3	2.8	3.4
Information	55	97	73	2.0	3.6	2.7
Financial activities	185	227	236	2.4	2.9	3.0
Finance and insurance	119	138	158	2.0	2.3	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	89	77	3.3	4.4	3.8
Professional and business services	861	1,053	975	4.8	5.6	5.2
Education and health services	563	558	599	2.8	2.7	2.9
Educational services	96	72	97	3.2	2.3	3.1
Health care and social assistance	466	486	503	2.8	2.8	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	805	972	837	5.6	6.6	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	119	196	112	5.3	8.5	4.8
Accommodation and food services	686	776	725	5.7	6.2	5.8
Other services	227	241	220	4.1	4.3	4.0
Government	331	395	335	1.6	1.8	1.6
Federal	19	39	29	0.7	1.4	1.0
State and local	311	356	306	1.7	1.9	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	795	862	788	3.1	3.3	3.1
South	1,757	1,884	1,912	3.6	3.8	3.9
Midwest	964	1,154	1,023	3.2	3.7	3.3
West	1,091	1,187	1,129	3.7	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	4,385	4,470	4,511	3.3	3.3	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,998	3,949	4,162	3.5	3.4	3.6
Mining and logging	31	26	25	3.6	2.9	2.9
Construction	366	275	319	6.2	4.6	5.3
Manufacturing	233	229	247	1.9	1.9	2.1
Durable goods	132	129	144	1.8	1.7	1.9
Nondurable goods	100	100	103	2.2	2.2	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	834	767	837	3.3	3.0	3.2
Wholesale trade	137	102	116	2.4	1.8	2.0
Retail trade	552	531	568	3.7	3.5	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	145	134	154	2.9	2.7	3.1
Information	52	83	68	1.9	3.1	2.5
Financial activities	176	167	203	2.2	2.1	2.6
Finance and insurance	110	107	138	1.9	1.8	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	61	65	3.3	3.0	3.2
Professional and business services	826	908	906	4.6	4.9	4.8
Education and health services	544	576	590	2.7	2.8	2.9
Educational services	106	116	106	3.5	3.7	3.4
Health care and social assistance	438	460	484	2.6	2.7	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	736	738	769	5.1	5.0	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	90	84	94	4.0	3.7	4.0
Accommodation and food services	646	654	675	5.3	5.2	5.4
Other services	200	180	198	3.6	3.2	3.6
Government	386	521	349	1.9	2.4	1.7
Federal	29	33	27	1.0	1.2	1.0
State and local	357	488	322	2.0	2.6	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	748	725	759	3.0	2.8	3.0
South	1,699	1,837	1,831	3.5	3.7	3.7
Midwest	909	941	919	3.0	3.0	3.0
West	1,028	967	1,001	3.5	3.2	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	2,384	2,417	2,608	1.8	1.8	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,226	2,205	2,452	2.0	1.9	2.1
Mining and logging	20	16	12	2.3	1.8	1.3
Construction	103	117	130	1.7	1.9	2.2
Manufacturing	118	111	126	1.0	0.9	1.0
Durable goods	63	60	79	0.8	0.8	1.0
Nondurable goods	55	51	47	1.2	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	506	478	486	2.0	1.8	1.9
Wholesale trade	81	63	51	1.4	1.1	0.9
Retail trade	360	337	358	2.4	2.2	2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	66	78	77	1.3	1.6	1.6
Information	31	41	41	1.1	1.5	1.5
Financial activities	94	95	117	1.2	1.2	1.5
Finance and insurance	57	67	82	1.0	1.1	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	29	35	1.9	1.4	1.7
Professional and business services	420	490	569	2.3	2.6	3.0
Education and health services	308	308	334	1.5	1.5	1.6
Educational services	42	44	33	1.4	1.4	1.1
Health care and social assistance	266	264	300	1.6	1.5	1.7
Leisure and hospitality	499	472	525	3.5	3.2	3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	59	51	61	2.6	2.2	2.6
Accommodation and food services	440	421	465	3.6	3.4	3.7
Other services	127	78	112	2.3	1.4	2.0
Government	158	212	157	0.8	1.0	0.8
Federal	11	12	11	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	148	200	146	0.8	1.1	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	329	335	345	1.3	1.3	1.3
South	1,035	1,005	1,104	2.1	2.0	2.2
Midwest	491	588	590	1.6	1.9	1.9
West	528	489	570	1.8	1.6	1.9
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	1,577	1,567	1,520	1.2	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,450	1,405	1,412	1.3	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	7	6	10	0.8	0.7	1.1
Construction	252	150	180	4.3	2.5	3.0
Manufacturing	95	90	91	0.8	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	59	53	49	0.8	0.7	0.6
Nondurable goods	35	37	43	0.8	0.8	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	230	218	268	0.9	0.8	1.0
Wholesale trade	44	33	52	0.8	0.6	0.9
Retail trade	136	146	160	0.9	1.0	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	51	39	55	1.0	0.8	1.1
Information	20	35	21	0.7	1.3	0.8
Financial activities	49	39	53	0.6	0.5	0.7
Finance and insurance	25	18	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	21	23	1.2	1.0	1.1
Professional and business services	335	377	301	1.9	2.0	1.6
Education and health services	204	198	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Educational services	59	57	68	1.9	1.8	2.2
Health care and social assistance	145	140	137	0.9	0.8	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	199	204	204	1.4	1.4	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	30	31	29	1.3	1.3	1.2
Accommodation and food services	170	174	175	1.4	1.4	1.4
Other services	60	87	79	1.1	1.6	1.4
Government	126	162	108	0.6	0.7	0.5
Federal	6	10	7	0.2	0.4	0.3
State and local	120	152	100	0.7	0.8	0.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	324	303	344	1.3	1.2	1.3
South	529	651	604	1.1	1.3	1.2
Midwest	333	257	241	1.1	0.8	0.8
West	392	356	330	1.3	1.2	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)	July 2012	June 2013	July 2013(p)
Total	423	486	383	0.3	0.4	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	322	339	298	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	4	4	4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Construction	12	9	9	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	20	28	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Durable goods	9	16	16	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	12	14	0.2	0.3	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	97	71	84	0.4	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	13	6	12	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	56	48	50	0.4	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	28	16	21	0.6	0.3	0.4
Information	2	7	6	0.1	0.3	0.2
Financial activities	34	33	34	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	28	23	27	0.5	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	11	7	0.3	0.5	0.3
Professional and business services	71	41	35	0.4	0.2	0.2
Education and health services	32	70	51	0.2	0.3	0.3
Educational services	5	14	5	0.2	0.5	0.2
Health care and social assistance	26	56	46	0.2	0.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	38	62	39	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	36	59	35	0.3	0.5	0.3
Other services	13	15	7	0.2	0.3	0.1
Government	101	147	85	0.5	0.7	0.4
Federal	12	11	9	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local	89	136	76	0.5	0.7	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	95	88	71	0.4	0.3	0.3
South	135	180	123	0.3	0.4	0.2
Midwest	85	95	88	0.3	0.3	0.3
West	108	123	101	0.4	0.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.