For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, August 9, 2021	USDL-21-1465
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			      JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2021

The number of job openings increased to a series high of 10.1 million on the last business day of June, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rose to 6.7 million and total separations edged 
up to 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate increased to 2.7 percent. The layoffs and discharges 
rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent, matching the series low reached last month. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by 
industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the job openings level increased to a series high of 10.1 million 
(+590,000). The job openings rate rose to 6.5 percent. Job openings increased in several industries, with 
the largest increases in professional and business services (+227,000); retail trade (+133,000); and 
accommodation and food services (+121,000). The number of job openings increased in the South 
region. (See table 1.)

Hires

In June, the number and rate of hires increased to 6.7 million (+697,000) and 4.6 percent, respectively. 
Hires increased in retail trade (+291,000); state and local government education (+94,000); and durable 
goods manufacturing (+36,000). The number of hires increased in the South and Midwest regions. (See 
table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In June, the number of total separations edged up to 5.6 million (+254,000). The rate was little changed 
at 3.8 percent. The total separations level increased in professional and business services (+124,000); 
durable goods manufacturing (+48,000); and state and local government, excluding education (+30,000). 
Total separations decreased in state and local government education (-43,000). Total separations was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In June, the quits level and rate increased to 3.9 million (+239,000) and 2.7 percent, respectively. Quits 
increased in professional and business services (+72,000); durable goods manufacturing (+47,000); and 
state and local government, excluding education (+33,000). Quits decreased in state and local 
government education (-26,000). The number of quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

In June, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.3 million, a series low. The rate 
was unchanged at 0.9 percent, matching last month’s series low. Layoffs and discharges were little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations increased in June to 405,000 (+58,000). Other separations increased 
in professional and business services (+43,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+6,000). Other 
separations decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-4,000). The other separations level was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 72.1 million and separations totaled 65.2 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 6.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In June, the job openings rate increased in large establishments with 250-999 employees, 1,000-4,999 
employees, and 5,000 or more employees. The hires rate increased in medium establishments with 50-
249 employees and in large establishments with 250-999 employees and 5,000 or more employees. The 
quits rate and the layoffs and discharges rate for large establishments with 250-999 employees increased 
in June. The other separations rate increased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 employees. For a 
more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________		
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, September 8, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		            Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2021				|
| 			       Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42     | 
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone         |
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS weighted response    |
|rate for June was 53 percent, while weighted response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 67 percent. |
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including              |        
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-           |
|openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-june-2021.htm.							|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,112	9,483	10,073	7,697	6,022	6,719	5,180	5,330	5,584
Total private	5,436	8,601	9,154	7,435	5,703	6,286	4,718	5,047	5,311
Mining and logging	19	26	27	12	23	26	25	21	19
Construction	238	317	339	521	304	358	342	334	365
Manufacturing	336	853	826	496	427	469	425	380	436
Durable goods	169	480	465	270	235	271	258	199	247
Nondurable goods	168	373	362	226	192	198	167	181	189
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,123	1,687	1,884	1,512	1,271	1,569	1,074	1,174	1,254
Wholesale trade	155	277	271	169	163	164	166	142	136
Retail trade	658	1,020	1,153	1,011	832	1,123	627	768	847
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	390	460	331	277	282	281	264	271
Information	104	140	171	53	99	91	74	78	84
Financial activities	333	392	349	194	201	200	216	195	201
Finance and insurance	248	289	252	127	130	136	153	135	141
Real estate and rental and leasing	85	103	97	67	70	64	62	60	60
Professional and business services	1,016	1,562	1,789	1,176	1,049	1,172	888	969	1,093
Education and health services	1,070	1,630	1,683	921	760	774	678	691	697
Educational services	92	169	181	117	102	119	56	68	69
Health care and social assistance	978	1,461	1,502	804	658	654	622	624	628
Leisure and hospitality	918	1,511	1,650	2,127	1,346	1,353	800	987	962
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	116	194	211	181	186	174	129	122	113
Accommodation and food services	802	1,317	1,438	1,946	1,160	1,179	670	866	849
Other services	278	483	437	424	222	274	195	216	201
Government	676	882	919	262	319	433	462	284	273
Federal	121	126	132	37	35	39	44	44	46
State and local	555	756	787	225	284	394	419	240	227
State and local education	184	322	402	125	180	274	266	104	61
State and local, excluding education	371	433	385	100	104	120	153	136	166
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.2	6.1	6.5	5.6	4.2	4.6	3.8	3.7	3.8
Total private	4.5	6.5	6.9	6.4	4.6	5.1	4.1	4.1	4.3
Mining and logging	3.1	4.0	4.0	2.1	3.8	4.1	4.2	3.4	2.9
Construction	3.2	4.1	4.4	7.3	4.1	4.8	4.8	4.5	4.9
Manufacturing	2.7	6.5	6.3	4.1	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.1	3.5
Durable goods	2.2	5.9	5.7	3.6	3.1	3.5	3.5	2.6	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.6	7.4	7.2	5.0	4.1	4.3	3.7	3.9	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.1	5.8	6.5	5.8	4.7	5.8	4.1	4.3	4.6
Wholesale trade	2.7	4.6	4.5	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.5	2.4
Retail trade	4.3	6.3	7.0	7.0	5.5	7.3	4.3	5.0	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.0	5.9	6.8	5.6	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.3
Information	3.8	4.9	5.9	2.0	3.6	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.1
Financial activities	3.7	4.3	3.8	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.7	4.2	3.7	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.8	4.3	4.1	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.6
Professional and business services	4.9	7.0	7.9	6.0	5.1	5.6	4.5	4.7	5.2
Education and health services	4.5	6.5	6.7	4.1	3.2	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.0
Educational services	2.7	4.6	4.9	3.5	2.9	3.4	1.7	1.9	2.0
Health care and social assistance	4.8	6.8	7.0	4.2	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	7.0	9.5	10.1	17.5	9.4	9.2	6.6	6.9	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.1	9.0	9.4	11.9	9.5	8.5	8.5	6.2	5.5
Accommodation and food services	7.0	9.6	10.2	18.3	9.3	9.3	6.3	7.0	6.7
Other services	5.1	8.0	7.2	8.2	4.0	4.8	3.8	3.9	3.6
Government	3.1	3.9	4.0	1.2	1.5	2.0	2.2	1.3	1.2
Federal	4.0	4.2	4.4	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6
State and local	2.9	3.9	4.0	1.2	1.5	2.1	2.3	1.3	1.2
State and local education	1.9	3.2	3.8	1.3	1.8	2.7	2.7	1.1	0.6
State and local, excluding education	4.1	4.6	4.1	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	6,112	7,526	8,288	9,193	9,483	10,073	4.2	5.0	5.4	6.0	6.1	6.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,436	6,868	7,446	8,263	8,601	9,154	4.5	5.3	5.7	6.3	6.5	6.9
Mining and logging	19	20	31	23	26	27	3.1	3.3	4.8	3.6	4.0	4.0
Construction	238	272	334	351	317	339	3.2	3.6	4.3	4.5	4.1	4.4
Manufacturing	336	572	749	825	853	826	2.7	4.5	5.7	6.3	6.5	6.3
Durable goods	169	298	393	462	480	465	2.2	3.8	4.9	5.7	5.9	5.7
Nondurable goods	168	273	356	364	373	362	3.6	5.6	7.1	7.2	7.4	7.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,123	1,396	1,562	1,644	1,687	1,884	4.1	4.9	5.4	5.7	5.8	6.5
Wholesale trade	155	216	256	285	277	271	2.7	3.7	4.3	4.8	4.6	4.5
Retail trade	658	819	899	955	1,020	1,153	4.3	5.1	5.6	5.9	6.3	7.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	361	406	404	390	460	5.0	5.5	6.1	6.1	5.9	6.8
Information	104	109	102	114	140	171	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.9	5.9
Financial activities	333	303	346	416	392	349	3.7	3.3	3.8	4.5	4.3	3.8
Finance and insurance	248	229	264	292	289	252	3.7	3.4	3.9	4.3	4.2	3.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	85	74	82	124	103	97	3.8	3.2	3.5	5.2	4.3	4.1
Professional and business services	1,016	1,373	1,421	1,591	1,562	1,789	4.9	6.2	6.4	7.1	7.0	7.9
Education and health services	1,070	1,592	1,431	1,529	1,630	1,683	4.5	6.4	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.7
Educational services	92	105	144	130	169	181	2.7	3.0	4.0	3.6	4.6	4.9
Health care and social assistance	978	1,486	1,287	1,400	1,461	1,502	4.8	7.0	6.1	6.5	6.8	7.0
Leisure and hospitality	918	942	1,195	1,405	1,511	1,650	7.0	6.5	8.0	9.1	9.5	10.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	116	134	206	247	194	211	7.1	7.2	10.3	11.5	9.0	9.4
Accommodation and food services	802	808	989	1,159	1,317	1,438	7.0	6.4	7.7	8.7	9.6	10.2
Other services	278	289	275	364	483	437	5.1	5.0	4.7	6.1	8.0	7.2
Government	676	658	843	930	882	919	3.1	3.0	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.0
Federal	121	88	126	143	126	132	4.0	3.0	4.2	4.7	4.2	4.4
State and local	555	570	717	787	756	787	2.9	3.0	3.7	4.0	3.9	4.0
State and local education	184	175	267	288	322	402	1.9	1.8	2.7	2.9	3.2	3.8
State and local, excluding education	371	395	450	500	433	385	4.1	4.2	4.8	5.3	4.6	4.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,107	1,294	1,524	1,645	1,694	1,761	4.2	4.7	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.2
South	2,316	2,972	3,163	3,509	3,594	3,864	4.4	5.3	5.6	6.2	6.3	6.7
Midwest	1,360	1,593	1,783	2,069	2,064	2,210	4.4	4.9	5.4	6.2	6.2	6.5
West	1,329	1,667	1,818	1,970	2,131	2,238	4.0	4.7	5.1	5.5	5.9	6.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	7,697	5,794	6,006	6,012	6,022	6,719	5.6	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,435	5,490	5,646	5,661	5,703	6,286	6.4	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6	5.1
Mining and logging	12	19	31	21	23	26	2.1	3.2	5.0	3.5	3.8	4.1
Construction	521	399	442	328	304	358	7.3	5.4	5.9	4.4	4.1	4.8
Manufacturing	496	393	434	399	427	469	4.1	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.8
Durable goods	270	218	255	216	235	271	3.6	2.9	3.3	2.8	3.1	3.5
Nondurable goods	226	175	180	183	192	198	5.0	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,512	1,118	1,156	1,210	1,271	1,569	5.8	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.8
Wholesale trade	169	139	148	170	163	164	3.0	2.5	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.9
Retail trade	1,011	734	755	793	832	1,123	7.0	4.8	5.0	5.2	5.5	7.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	331	245	252	246	277	282	5.6	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.4	4.5
Information	53	88	94	101	99	91	2.0	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.3
Financial activities	194	199	209	211	201	200	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	127	131	132	141	130	136	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	68	77	70	70	64	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.1	2.9
Professional and business services	1,176	1,129	1,129	1,056	1,049	1,172	6.0	5.5	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.6
Education and health services	921	703	754	749	760	774	4.1	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
Educational services	117	86	114	88	102	119	3.5	2.5	3.3	2.5	2.9	3.4
Health care and social assistance	804	617	640	661	658	654	4.2	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	2,127	1,194	1,172	1,336	1,346	1,353	17.5	8.8	8.5	9.5	9.4	9.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	181	135	157	187	186	174	11.9	7.8	8.8	9.8	9.5	8.5
Accommodation and food services	1,946	1,059	1,015	1,150	1,160	1,179	18.3	9.0	8.5	9.4	9.3	9.3
Other services	424	248	226	249	222	274	8.2	4.5	4.1	4.5	4.0	4.8
Government	262	304	360	351	319	433	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.0
Federal	37	37	35	43	35	39	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.4
State and local	225	267	325	308	284	394	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.1
State and local education	125	121	162	159	180	274	1.3	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.8	2.7
State and local, excluding education	100	146	164	149	104	120	1.1	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.2	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,414	967	997	961	880	978	5.6	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.3	3.7
South	2,614	2,184	2,295	2,359	2,442	2,628	5.2	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.9
Midwest	1,846	1,322	1,295	1,290	1,278	1,648	6.2	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	5.2
West	1,822	1,321	1,419	1,401	1,421	1,465	5.6	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	5,180	5,429	5,436	5,803	5,330	5,584	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,718	5,078	5,100	5,478	5,047	5,311	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.1	4.3
Mining and logging	25	22	14	20	21	19	4.2	3.7	2.3	3.3	3.4	2.9
Construction	342	426	358	349	334	365	4.8	5.8	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.9
Manufacturing	425	369	402	427	380	436	3.5	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.5
Durable goods	258	200	229	240	199	247	3.5	2.6	3.0	3.2	2.6	3.2
Nondurable goods	167	169	172	187	181	189	3.7	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.9	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,074	1,118	1,120	1,313	1,174	1,254	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.8	4.3	4.6
Wholesale trade	166	139	141	169	142	136	3.0	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.5	2.4
Retail trade	627	746	726	832	768	847	4.3	4.9	4.8	5.5	5.0	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	281	233	253	312	264	271	4.8	3.7	4.0	5.0	4.2	4.3
Information	74	79	89	84	78	84	2.9	2.9	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.1
Financial activities	216	201	198	200	195	201	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	153	132	132	139	135	141	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	69	66	61	60	60	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.6
Professional and business services	888	1,062	1,058	1,126	969	1,093	4.5	5.1	5.1	5.4	4.7	5.2
Education and health services	678	670	678	721	691	697	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.0
Educational services	56	80	80	92	68	69	1.7	2.4	2.3	2.7	1.9	2.0
Health care and social assistance	622	590	598	628	624	628	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	800	904	981	1,021	987	962	6.6	6.7	7.1	7.2	6.9	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	126	116	108	122	113	8.5	7.3	6.4	5.7	6.2	5.5
Accommodation and food services	670	778	865	913	866	849	6.3	6.6	7.2	7.5	7.0	6.7
Other services	195	225	203	218	216	201	3.8	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.6
Government	462	351	335	325	284	273	2.2	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.2
Federal	44	40	36	38	44	46	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.6
State and local	419	311	299	287	240	227	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.2
State and local education	266	162	149	143	104	61	2.7	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.1	0.6
State and local, excluding education	153	149	150	144	136	166	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	851	836	815	838	784	795	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.0
South	2,002	2,154	2,197	2,350	2,119	2,226	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.2
Midwest	1,097	1,200	1,200	1,268	1,209	1,297	3.7	3.9	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.1
West	1,231	1,240	1,223	1,347	1,218	1,267	3.8	3.7	3.6	4.0	3.6	3.7
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	2,646	3,383	3,568	3,992	3,630	3,869	1.9	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,450	3,184	3,387	3,810	3,470	3,701	2.1	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.8	3.0
Mining and logging	9	12	9	11	10	12	1.4	2.1	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.9
Construction	139	168	198	176	156	171	1.9	2.3	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.3
Manufacturing	199	258	262	286	245	307	1.7	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.5
Durable goods	107	140	150	155	120	167	1.4	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.6	2.2
Nondurable goods	92	118	113	132	126	140	2.0	2.5	2.4	2.8	2.7	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	613	753	787	947	851	894	2.4	2.8	2.9	3.5	3.1	3.3
Wholesale trade	82	82	89	111	90	99	1.5	1.4	1.6	2.0	1.6	1.7
Retail trade	407	542	543	629	596	632	2.8	3.6	3.6	4.1	3.9	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	125	129	155	206	166	163	2.1	2.1	2.5	3.3	2.6	2.6
Information	31	40	57	52	45	52	1.2	1.5	2.1	1.9	1.6	1.9
Financial activities	92	132	122	141	121	128	1.1	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	66	85	80	102	86	80	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	25	47	42	40	35	48	1.2	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.1
Professional and business services	412	604	613	763	614	686	2.1	2.9	2.9	3.7	3.0	3.3
Education and health services	424	458	507	551	523	539	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3
Educational services	21	44	46	52	51	50	0.6	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4
Health care and social assistance	403	413	460	499	472	489	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	440	625	703	752	762	778	3.6	4.6	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	26	51	52	57	59	55	1.7	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.7
Accommodation and food services	414	574	650	695	703	722	3.9	4.9	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.7
Other services	91	134	129	131	143	134	1.8	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.4
Government	195	199	181	182	160	168	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8
Federal	18	19	16	18	22	23	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.8
State and local	178	181	164	165	138	145	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.8
State and local education	101	98	84	84	64	38	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.4
State and local, excluding education	77	83	80	81	74	107	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	396	456	491	507	458	501	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.9
South	1,071	1,406	1,505	1,696	1,487	1,588	2.1	2.7	2.8	3.2	2.8	3.0
Midwest	603	749	780	873	827	894	2.0	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.8
West	575	772	792	916	858	885	1.8	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.5	2.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	2,204	1,723	1,525	1,450	1,353	1,310	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,030	1,636	1,433	1,365	1,281	1,255	1.7	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	15	8	4	7	8	6	2.5	1.4	0.6	1.2	1.3	0.9
Construction	191	243	149	158	160	184	2.7	3.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.5
Manufacturing	205	86	119	112	110	98	1.7	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	139	45	65	65	64	60	1.9	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	66	41	54	47	45	38	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	421	319	279	278	278	293	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Wholesale trade	79	46	41	45	45	24	1.4	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.4
Retail trade	199	182	148	148	149	180	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	143	91	90	85	84	89	2.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
Information	38	27	27	24	27	23	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.8
Financial activities	99	53	63	38	43	41	1.2	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.5
Finance and insurance	71	32	40	21	24	36	1.1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	21	23	17	19	5	1.3	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.2
Professional and business services	419	398	357	292	278	288	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.4
Education and health services	199	173	130	142	122	108	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5
Educational services	33	31	29	35	14	16	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.4	0.5
Health care and social assistance	166	142	102	107	108	92	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	340	248	244	235	199	156	2.8	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	72	61	48	55	55	6.6	4.2	3.4	2.5	2.8	2.7
Accommodation and food services	240	176	182	187	144	101	2.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.2	0.8
Other services	103	81	61	77	57	59	2.0	1.5	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.0
Government	173	86	92	86	72	55	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
Federal	14	11	9	9	9	10	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
State and local	159	75	83	77	63	45	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2
State and local education	114	36	42	39	27	14	1.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.1
State and local, excluding education	45	39	41	38	36	31	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	405	323	263	269	273	227	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
South	810	619	562	519	491	491	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9
Midwest	423	382	349	321	315	318	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
West	565	399	351	341	274	274	1.8	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	331	323	343	360	347	405	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	237	257	280	303	295	355	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	1	1	2	3	1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2
Construction	11	15	10	14	19	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Manufacturing	22	26	21	28	25	32	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Durable goods	13	15	15	21	15	21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nondurable goods	9	11	6	8	10	11	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	40	46	53	88	45	67	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	5	11	11	12	8	14	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	22	23	35	55	23	35	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	13	7	20	14	19	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3
Information	5	12	4	8	6	9	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Financial activities	25	17	13	21	31	32	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	16	15	13	16	25	26	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	1	1	4	6	7	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.3
Professional and business services	57	60	89	71	76	119	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.6
Education and health services	55	40	41	28	47	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	1	5	5	6	3	2	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	53	35	36	22	44	47	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	20	31	35	34	26	28	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	2	3	7	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Accommodation and food services	17	28	33	31	19	26	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services	1	10	13	10	16	8	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Government	94	66	63	57	52	50	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	12	11	11	12	13	13	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	82	55	51	46	39	37	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	51	27	23	20	13	8	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	31	28	28	25	27	29	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	49	56	62	62	53	66	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	121	129	129	135	140	147	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	71	69	71	74	67	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
West	90	69	80	90	87	108	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	6,038	9,700	10,342	4.2	6.3	6.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,335	8,764	9,287	4.4	6.6	6.9
Mining and logging	19	26	27	3.0	4.0	4.0
Construction	240	351	345	3.2	4.5	4.3
Manufacturing	352	902	869	2.8	6.8	6.6
Durable goods	179	507	493	2.3	6.2	6.0
Nondurable goods	173	395	376	3.7	7.8	7.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,117	1,661	1,939	4.1	5.8	6.6
Wholesale trade	161	281	284	2.8	4.7	4.7
Retail trade	649	981	1,179	4.3	6.1	7.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	307	399	476	5.0	6.1	7.1
Information	91	138	160	3.4	4.8	5.5
Financial activities	316	368	334	3.5	4.0	3.6
Finance and insurance	229	267	232	3.4	3.9	3.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	101	102	3.8	4.3	4.3
Professional and business services	992	1,575	1,788	4.8	7.1	7.9
Education and health services	1,015	1,627	1,670	4.3	6.5	6.7
Educational services	88	176	185	2.7	4.8	5.3
Health care and social assistance	927	1,450	1,485	4.6	6.8	6.9
Leisure and hospitality	936	1,626	1,734	6.9	10.0	10.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	118	221	222	6.5	9.9	8.8
Accommodation and food services	818	1,405	1,513	7.0	10.0	10.4
Other services	259	491	422	4.7	8.1	6.9
Government	702	936	1,055	3.2	4.1	4.6
Federal	123	126	137	4.1	4.2	4.5
State and local	580	810	919	3.1	4.1	4.7
State and local education	207	368	531	2.2	3.5	5.2
State and local, excluding education	373	442	387	4.0	4.7	4.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,070	1,757	1,782	4.1	6.2	6.3
South	2,294	3,627	3,956	4.3	6.4	6.8
Midwest	1,336	2,145	2,261	4.3	6.4	6.7
West	1,337	2,170	2,344	4.0	6.0	6.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	8,535	6,681	7,659	6.2	4.6	5.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,192	6,346	7,163	7.0	5.1	5.7
Mining and logging	15	24	30	2.5	3.9	4.7
Construction	593	392	426	8.1	5.2	5.6
Manufacturing	561	463	546	4.6	3.8	4.4
Durable goods	307	259	313	4.1	3.4	4.1
Nondurable goods	254	204	232	5.6	4.4	5.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,538	1,342	1,618	5.9	5.0	5.9
Wholesale trade	187	167	184	3.3	2.9	3.2
Retail trade	1,044	907	1,161	7.2	6.0	7.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	307	268	273	5.3	4.3	4.4
Information	63	118	98	2.4	4.3	3.6
Financial activities	229	220	228	2.6	2.5	2.6
Finance and insurance	144	139	151	2.2	2.1	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	84	81	77	3.9	3.6	3.4
Professional and business services	1,311	1,097	1,343	6.7	5.3	6.4
Education and health services	952	736	819	4.2	3.1	3.5
Educational services	119	80	124	3.8	2.3	3.7
Health care and social assistance	833	656	695	4.3	3.3	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	2,433	1,671	1,693	19.3	11.4	11.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	310	319	287	18.2	15.8	12.5
Accommodation and food services	2,124	1,352	1,406	19.4	10.7	10.8
Other services	497	285	364	9.5	5.1	6.4
Government	343	334	495	1.6	1.5	2.3
Federal	42	41	42	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	301	293	454	1.6	1.5	2.4
State and local education	96	131	241	1.0	1.3	2.5
State and local, excluding education	204	162	212	2.3	1.8	2.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,649	1,000	1,222	6.5	3.8	4.6
South	2,828	2,655	2,932	5.6	5.0	5.4
Midwest	2,053	1,506	1,835	6.8	4.8	5.8
West	2,004	1,519	1,670	6.2	4.5	4.9
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	5,491	5,297	5,803	4.0	3.6	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,831	4,996	5,477	4.1	4.0	4.4
Mining and logging	22	20	15	3.6	3.3	2.3
Construction	309	310	336	4.2	4.1	4.4
Manufacturing	426	391	439	3.5	3.2	3.5
Durable goods	256	203	247	3.4	2.7	3.2
Nondurable goods	170	189	192	3.7	4.1	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,026	1,122	1,237	4.0	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	168	135	138	3.0	2.4	2.4
Retail trade	611	767	860	4.2	5.1	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	247	219	239	4.2	3.5	3.8
Information	78	80	87	3.0	2.9	3.2
Financial activities	221	193	215	2.5	2.2	2.4
Finance and insurance	149	129	139	2.3	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	63	76	3.3	2.8	3.3
Professional and business services	911	993	1,126	4.6	4.8	5.4
Education and health services	805	707	798	3.6	3.0	3.4
Educational services	130	82	117	4.1	2.3	3.5
Health care and social assistance	675	625	681	3.5	3.1	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	824	957	1,007	6.5	6.5	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	87	90	6.4	4.3	3.9
Accommodation and food services	716	870	917	6.5	6.9	7.0
Other services	208	223	217	4.0	4.0	3.8
Government	660	301	326	3.1	1.4	1.5
Federal	40	40	43	1.4	1.4	1.5
State and local	620	262	283	3.4	1.4	1.5
State and local education	465	140	114	5.0	1.4	1.2
State and local, excluding education	156	121	169	1.7	1.4	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	911	716	820	3.6	2.7	3.1
South	2,115	2,160	2,335	4.2	4.0	4.3
Midwest	1,142	1,210	1,323	3.8	3.8	4.2
West	1,324	1,211	1,325	4.1	3.6	3.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	2,879	3,774	4,134	2.1	2.6	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,583	3,599	3,931	2.2	2.9	3.1
Mining and logging	8	11	11	1.3	1.7	1.7
Construction	142	150	176	1.9	2.0	2.3
Manufacturing	203	256	317	1.7	2.1	2.6
Durable goods	107	127	170	1.4	1.7	2.2
Nondurable goods	96	130	147	2.1	2.8	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	622	882	930	2.4	3.3	3.4
Wholesale trade	82	89	101	1.5	1.6	1.8
Retail trade	427	633	675	2.9	4.2	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	113	160	155	1.9	2.6	2.5
Information	29	46	51	1.1	1.7	1.9
Financial activities	95	127	133	1.1	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	67	87	78	1.0	1.3	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	39	55	1.3	1.7	2.4
Professional and business services	444	627	733	2.3	3.0	3.5
Education and health services	468	532	592	2.1	2.3	2.5
Educational services	46	56	76	1.5	1.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	421	476	516	2.2	2.4	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	476	805	845	3.8	5.5	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	32	54	60	1.9	2.7	2.6
Accommodation and food services	445	751	784	4.1	6.0	6.0
Other services	96	163	143	1.8	2.9	2.5
Government	295	175	202	1.4	0.8	0.9
Federal	17	22	22	0.6	0.7	0.8
State and local	278	154	180	1.5	0.8	1.0
State and local education	197	73	68	2.1	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	82	80	112	0.9	0.9	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	430	468	548	1.7	1.8	2.1
South	1,162	1,550	1,700	2.3	2.9	3.2
Midwest	647	875	942	2.2	2.8	3.0
West	640	881	944	2.0	2.6	2.7
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	2,233	1,188	1,237	1.6	0.8	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,018	1,115	1,183	1.7	0.9	0.9
Mining and logging	12	7	3	2.1	1.1	0.4
Construction	159	141	155	2.2	1.9	2.0
Manufacturing	201	109	89	1.7	0.9	0.7
Durable goods	136	61	56	1.8	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	65	48	33	1.4	1.0	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	367	193	243	1.4	0.7	0.9
Wholesale trade	81	41	24	1.5	0.7	0.4
Retail trade	163	107	152	1.1	0.7	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	123	45	67	2.1	0.7	1.1
Information	43	26	26	1.7	1.0	0.9
Financial activities	103	35	45	1.2	0.4	0.5
Finance and insurance	69	16	36	1.1	0.3	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	34	19	8	1.5	0.8	0.4
Professional and business services	416	296	278	2.1	1.4	1.3
Education and health services	278	131	149	1.2	0.6	0.6
Educational services	77	23	33	2.4	0.6	1.0
Health care and social assistance	201	108	115	1.0	0.5	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	327	127	134	2.6	0.9	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	73	26	27	4.3	1.3	1.2
Accommodation and food services	253	101	107	2.3	0.8	0.8
Other services	111	49	63	2.1	0.9	1.1
Government	216	73	54	1.0	0.3	0.2
Federal	12	6	9	0.4	0.2	0.3
State and local	203	67	46	1.1	0.4	0.2
State and local education	165	50	23	1.8	0.5	0.2
State and local, excluding education	39	17	23	0.4	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	421	199	199	1.7	0.8	0.7
South	817	470	485	1.6	0.9	0.9
Midwest	415	267	290	1.4	0.8	0.9
West	580	252	263	1.8	0.7	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)	June 2020	May 2021	June 2021(p)
Total	379	335	433	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	230	282	364	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	2	3	1	0.3	0.5	0.2
Construction	8	18	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	22	26	33	0.2	0.2	0.3
Durable goods	13	15	22	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nondurable goods	9	11	12	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	36	46	64	0.1	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	5	5	13	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	20	27	33	0.1	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	14	18	0.2	0.2	0.3
Information	6	7	10	0.2	0.3	0.4
Financial activities	23	31	38	0.3	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	13	26	25	0.2	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	6	12	0.4	0.3	0.5
Professional and business services	51	70	115	0.3	0.3	0.5
Education and health services	59	44	57	0.3	0.2	0.2
Educational services	7	4	7	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	52	41	50	0.3	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	25	29	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	7	2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Accommodation and food services	18	18	26	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services	2	11	11	0.0	0.2	0.2
Government	149	53	69	0.7	0.2	0.3
Federal	10	12	12	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	138	41	57	0.8	0.2	0.3
State and local education	103	17	23	1.1	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	35	24	34	0.4	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	60	48	72	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	136	141	151	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	81	68	91	0.3	0.2	0.3
West	104	77	118	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.