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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 7, 2018	USDL-18-1276

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.7 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 
5.7 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent 
and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 
four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the job openings level was little changed at 6.7 million. The job 
openings rate was 4.3 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 
government. Job openings increased in educational services (+20,000) but decreased in transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (-84,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 1.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                              Errors in JOLTS federal government estimates                               |
|On June 12, 2018, BLS identified errors in the JOLTS federal government hires, total separations, and    |
|layoffs and discharges estimates from January 2011 forward. These data have been suppressed from the BLS |
|database and this news release. For more information on this error and correction plans, please visit:   |
|www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.                                                        |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in June. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private. Hires increased in finance and insurance (+31,000). 
The number of hires was essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in June. The total separations rate was 
3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private. Total separations was 
little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in June at 3.4 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits fell in educational 
services (-14,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.7 million in June. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 
private. Layoffs and discharges increased in health care and social assistance (+36,000). The number of 
layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations rose in June (+57,000). The other separations level edged up for total 
private (+45,000) and increased for government (+13,000). Other separations increased in a number of 
industries, with the largest increases in finance and insurance (+19,000) and other services (+13,000). 
Other separations was essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 66.6 million and 
separations totaled 64.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for July 2018 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, September 11, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

 6,125 6,659 6,662 5,467 5,747 5,651 5,296 5,419 5,502

Total private

 5,572 6,052 6,053 5,129 5,404 5,303 4,970 5,093 5,162

Mining and logging(1)

 28 34 31 30 42 40 24 35 35

Construction(1)

 202 253 263 347 386 366 342 340 357

Manufacturing

 411 474 482 326 356 351 318 342 330

Durable goods(1)

 229 296 307 193 208 210 182 193 185

Nondurable goods(1)

 182 178 175 133 149 141 136 149 145

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,050 1,308 1,272 1,082 1,099 1,101 1,076 1,073 1,110

Wholesale trade(1)

 230 183 216 146 130 133 139 119 133

Retail trade

 622 793 807 731 738 734 743 726 767

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

 198 332 248 205 231 235 194 228 211

Information(1)

 99 132 119 71 89 87 72 92 89

Financial activities

 364 350 385 208 202 240 190 191 225

Finance and insurance

 291 262 282 131 129 160 120 120 146

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

 73 88 103 78 73 80 70 71 79

Professional and business services

 1,150 1,159 1,133 1,147 1,190 1,167 1,120 1,143 1,123

Education and health services

 1,214 1,248 1,294 658 723 713 624 652 675

Educational services(1)

 100 112 132 80 102 91 92 95 79

Health care and social assistance

 1,114 1,136 1,161 578 621 622 532 557 596

Leisure and hospitality

 826 877 898 1,032 1,081 1,036 990 1,038 1,017

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 92 88 93 179 181 174 164 166 185

Accommodation and food services

 734 789 805 853 900 862 826 872 832

Other services(1)

 228 218 174 228 236 201 214 188 200

Government

 552 607 610 - - - - - -

Federal(1)

 94 97 90 - - - - - -

State and local

 458 510 520 303 314 316 287 295 304

State and local education

 148 173 186 137 147 159 133 144 152

State and local, excluding education(1)

 311 337 334 167 167 157 154 150 152





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7

Total private

 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging(1)

 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.5 5.7 5.4 3.5 4.8 4.8

Construction(1)

 2.8 3.4 3.5 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing

 3.2 3.6 3.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6

Durable goods(1)

 2.9 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods(1)

 3.7 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 3.7 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade(1)

 3.8 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.2

Retail trade

 3.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

 3.3 5.4 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.6

Information(1)

 3.4 4.5 4.1 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 3.3 3.2

Financial activities

 4.1 3.9 4.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.6

Finance and insurance

 4.4 4.0 4.3 2.1 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

 3.2 3.8 4.4 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5

Professional and business services

 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4

Education and health services

 5.0 5.0 5.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9

Educational services(1)

 2.7 2.9 3.4 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1

Health care and social assistance

 5.4 5.4 5.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

 4.9 5.1 5.2 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 3.8 3.6 3.8 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.9

Accommodation and food services

 5.1 5.4 5.5 6.2 6.5 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.0

Other services(1)

 3.8 3.6 2.9 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.4

Government

 2.4 2.6 2.7 - - - - - -

Federal(1)

 3.2 3.4 3.1 - - - - - -

State and local

 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education

 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education(1)

 3.3 3.6 3.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

Footnotes
 (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

 

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 6,125 6,078 6,633 6,840 6,659 6,662 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

 5,572 5,489 6,026 6,263 6,052 6,053 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6

Mining and logging(3)

 28 24 22 27 34 31 4.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 4.5 4.1

Construction(3)

 202 180 235 243 253 263 2.8 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Manufacturing

 411 414 421 452 474 482 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7

Durable goods(3)

 229 261 253 281 296 307 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.7

Nondurable goods(3)

 182 153 168 171 178 175 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,050 1,093 1,231 1,298 1,308 1,272 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.4

Wholesale trade(3)

 230 174 199 214 183 216 3.8 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.5

Retail trade

 622 663 733 771 793 807 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

 198 256 299 313 332 248 3.3 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.1

Information(3)

 99 118 152 188 132 119 3.4 4.1 5.2 6.3 4.5 4.1

Financial activities

 364 406 368 335 350 385 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.3

Finance and insurance

 291 339 281 237 262 282 4.4 5.1 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

 73 67 87 98 88 103 3.2 2.9 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.4

Professional and business services

 1,150 1,016 1,160 1,254 1,159 1,133 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.1

Education and health services

 1,214 1,192 1,269 1,287 1,248 1,294 5.0 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2

Educational services(3)

 100 81 103 114 112 132 2.7 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.4

Health care and social assistance

 1,114 1,111 1,166 1,173 1,136 1,161 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5

Leisure and hospitality

 826 812 900 940 877 898 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 92 84 86 113 88 93 3.8 3.4 3.5 4.6 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food services

 734 728 815 827 789 805 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.5

Other services(3)

 228 234 268 239 218 174 3.8 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.6 2.9

Government

 552 590 607 577 607 610 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7

Federal(3)

 94 69 96 82 97 90 3.2 2.4 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.1

State and local

 458 520 511 495 510 520 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

State and local education

 148 180 174 175 173 186 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8

State and local, excluding education(3)

 311 340 337 320 337 334 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5

REGION(4)

Northeast

 1,045 1,019 1,134 1,196 1,104 1,142 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.2 3.9 4.0

South

 2,208 2,182 2,329 2,405 2,414 2,408 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2

Midwest

 1,472 1,465 1,629 1,656 1,667 1,629 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7

West

 1,400 1,412 1,541 1,582 1,474 1,484 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2

Footnotes
 (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 5,467 5,511 5,486 5,581 5,747 5,651 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

 5,129 5,178 5,150 5,236 5,404 5,303 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging

 30 36 35 39 42 40 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.4

Construction

 347 352 343 347 386 366 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing

 326 382 353 358 356 351 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

Durable goods

 193 215 211 213 208 210 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6

Nondurable goods

 133 167 142 145 149 141 2.8 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,082 1,080 1,080 1,109 1,099 1,101 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade

 146 139 139 128 130 133 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

Retail trade

 731 724 721 759 738 734 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 205 216 220 222 231 235 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0

Information

 71 82 84 84 89 87 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1

Financial activities

 208 227 183 194 202 240 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.8

Finance and insurance

 131 153 115 127 129 160 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 78 73 68 68 73 80 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.5

Professional and business services

 1,147 1,150 1,178 1,143 1,190 1,167 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.6

Education and health services

 658 673 662 687 723 713 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0

Educational services

 80 88 91 103 102 91 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.4

Health care and social assistance

 578 584 571 584 621 622 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

 1,032 1,028 1,013 1,050 1,081 1,036 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 179 167 161 171 181 174 7.7 7.1 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.4

Accommodation and food services

 853 861 852 879 900 862 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.2

Other services

 228 170 219 223 236 201 3.9 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.4

Government

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

 303 296 297 308 314 316 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

 137 145 146 155 147 159 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education

 167 151 151 153 167 157 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

 877 802 786 806 854 892 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3

South

 2,170 2,138 2,182 2,229 2,304 2,276 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2

Midwest

 1,238 1,238 1,218 1,224 1,336 1,237 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.8

West

 1,183 1,333 1,299 1,322 1,252 1,247 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6

Footnotes
 (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 5,296 5,173 5,322 5,424 5,419 5,502 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

 4,970 4,844 4,986 5,085 5,093 5,162 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging

 24 32 34 34 35 35 3.5 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.8

Construction

 342 305 352 318 340 357 4.9 4.3 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing

 318 350 342 343 342 330 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Durable goods

 182 192 198 198 193 185 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods

 136 159 145 145 149 145 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,076 1,010 1,067 1,104 1,073 1,110 3.9 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade

 139 135 131 136 119 133 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2

Retail trade

 743 672 732 757 726 767 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 194 202 205 211 228 211 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.6

Information

 72 84 75 85 92 89 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.2

Financial activities

 190 199 171 198 191 225 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.6

Finance and insurance

 120 148 106 122 120 146 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 70 51 64 76 71 79 3.2 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.5

Professional and business services

 1,120 1,081 1,163 1,114 1,143 1,123 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4

Education and health services

 624 644 615 641 652 675 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

Educational services

 92 96 91 91 95 79 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.1

Health care and social assistance

 532 548 525 549 557 596 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

 990 984 973 1,050 1,038 1,017 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 164 157 145 176 166 185 7.0 6.7 6.2 7.5 7.1 7.9

Accommodation and food services

 826 827 828 874 872 832 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0

Other services

 214 155 194 199 188 200 3.7 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4

Government

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

 287 288 296 304 295 304 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local education

 133 142 149 160 144 152 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education

 154 147 147 144 150 152 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

 856 758 773 802 795 806 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9

South

 2,110 2,123 2,166 2,194 2,173 2,223 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1

Midwest

 1,142 1,045 1,125 1,144 1,237 1,222 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7

West

 1,188 1,248 1,258 1,285 1,214 1,252 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7

Footnotes
 (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 3,166 3,208 3,387 3,349 3,480 3,402 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

 3,001 3,045 3,217 3,166 3,287 3,211 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging

 14 21 21 22 23 22 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.9

Construction

 133 150 149 154 162 157 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2

Manufacturing

 194 215 211 204 197 194 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

Durable goods

 105 122 126 116 111 105 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3

Nondurable goods

 90 93 85 88 86 90 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 656 626 667 688 737 739 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7

Wholesale trade

 82 86 84 84 86 80 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

Retail trade

 472 424 461 486 512 538 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 102 116 122 119 138 121 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.1

Information

 42 49 43 48 56 48 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7

Financial activities

 113 118 101 97 110 120 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance

 68 83 62 45 66 68 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

 45 35 39 52 44 52 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.3

Professional and business services

 624 690 715 671 692 701 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3

Education and health services

 426 406 433 433 468 442 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9

Educational services

 51 48 46 52 50 36 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 375 358 387 381 417 406 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality

 659 694 731 724 714 690 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 66 67 92 70 71 70 2.8 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Accommodation and food services

 593 627 639 653 643 620 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.4

Other services(3)

 141 76 145 125 129 98 2.4 1.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.7

Government

 165 163 171 184 193 191 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Federal

 16 14 15 16 15 15 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local

 148 149 156 168 178 175 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local education

 74 78 79 90 93 92 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding education

 75 71 77 78 85 83 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION(4)

Northeast

 461 422 438 460 471 442 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

South

 1,292 1,376 1,419 1,385 1,457 1,426 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6

Midwest

 659 647 718 717 775 792 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4

West

 755 764 813 786 777 742 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2

Footnotes
 (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 1,772 1,620 1,547 1,731 1,618 1,723 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

 1,668 1,516 1,448 1,640 1,538 1,638 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging(3)

 7 9 11 11 10 11 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

Construction

 196 149 180 156 159 191 2.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.6

Manufacturing

 99 114 110 118 124 114 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9

Durable goods

 62 58 60 69 69 67 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods

 37 57 50 49 55 48 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 322 306 302 343 262 295 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1

Wholesale trade(3)

 39 41 32 43 21 42 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.7

Retail trade

 204 193 199 220 163 184 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 79 73 71 80 79 69 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2

Information

 25 26 27 29 25 34 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2

Financial activities

 52 52 41 72 72 75 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9

Finance and insurance

 32 37 23 50 46 51 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

 20 15 19 22 26 24 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.1

Professional and business services

 443 344 376 386 383 364 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7

Education and health services

 155 183 143 165 146 177 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7

Educational services

 32 40 37 33 38 33 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 122 143 106 132 108 144 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

 307 270 224 303 304 297 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 95 87 49 102 91 111 4.1 3.7 2.1 4.3 3.9 4.7

Accommodation and food services

 212 183 174 201 213 186 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3

Other services

 61 63 34 59 51 81 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.4

Government

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - - - - - - - -

State and local

 92 90 87 85 73 77 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education

 36 40 45 46 33 34 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education

 55 50 42 39 40 43 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

REGION(4)

Northeast

 336 280 268 263 267 302 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

South

 690 620 604 680 610 663 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2

Midwest

 408 334 326 366 392 345 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

West

 337 385 350 422 349 412 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2

Footnotes
 (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 Feb.
2018		 Mar.
2018		 Apr.
2018		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 357 346 387 344 321 378 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

 301 283 322 279 268 313 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

 2 1 2 1 2 3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4

Construction(3)

 13 7 22 8 19 9 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing

 25 21 21 21 21 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

 15 12 13 13 13 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods(3)

 10 8 9 8 8 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 98 77 98 73 74 76 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade

 17 8 14 10 12 12 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

 68 56 72 52 51 45 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

 13 13 12 12 11 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information(3)

 5 9 4 8 10 8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3

Financial activities

 25 30 29 29 9 30 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4

Finance and insurance

 20 28 21 27 8 27 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

 5 2 7 2 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services

 53 47 72 57 67 58 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

 44 55 39 43 39 56 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services(3)

 9 8 7 6 6 10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance(3)

 35 47 32 36 32 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

 24 20 19 24 19 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

 3 3 4 4 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

 21 17 15 20 15 26 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Other services(3)

 12 16 16 15 8 21 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4

Government

 57 63 66 65 52 65 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal

 10 14 13 13 8 13 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5

State and local

 47 49 53 52 44 52 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education

 23 24 25 25 19 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

 23 25 28 28 25 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

 59 56 67 78 57 61 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South

 128 127 144 128 106 133 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

 76 64 81 60 70 86 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

West

 95 99 95 77 88 98 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
 (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 6,070 6,696 6,653 4.0 4.3 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

 5,498 6,091 6,020 4.2 4.6 4.5

Mining and logging

 28 34 31 3.9 4.5 4.1

Construction

 202 253 263 2.7 3.4 3.4

Manufacturing

 411 474 482 3.2 3.6 3.6

Durable goods

 229 296 307 2.9 3.6 3.7

Nondurable goods

 182 178 175 3.7 3.6 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,024 1,321 1,264 3.6 4.6 4.4

Wholesale trade

 230 183 216 3.7 3.0 3.5

Retail trade

 596 806 800 3.6 4.8 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 198 332 248 3.4 5.4 4.1

Information

 99 132 119 3.4 4.5 4.1

Financial activities

 365 332 390 4.1 3.7 4.3

Finance and insurance

 292 244 287 4.4 3.7 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 73 88 103 3.2 3.8 4.3

Professional and business services

 1,152 1,199 1,147 5.3 5.4 5.1

Education and health services

 1,152 1,192 1,245 4.8 4.8 5.0

Educational services

 100 112 132 2.8 2.9 3.6

Health care and social assistance

 1,052 1,080 1,113 5.1 5.2 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

 837 937 903 4.8 5.4 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 86 108 92 3.2 4.3 3.3

Accommodation and food services

 751 828 812 5.0 5.5 5.3

Other services

 228 218 174 3.7 3.6 2.8

Government

 572 605 633 2.5 2.6 2.8

Federal

 94 97 90 3.2 3.4 3.1

State and local

 478 508 543 2.4 2.5 2.7

State and local education

 167 171 209 1.6 1.6 2.0

State and local, excluding education

 311 337 334 3.2 3.6 3.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

 1,018 1,112 1,127 3.6 3.9 3.9

South

 2,225 2,416 2,469 4.0 4.2 4.3

Midwest

 1,435 1,711 1,591 4.2 4.9 4.6

West

 1,392 1,457 1,466 3.9 4.1 4.1

Footnotes
 (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 6,272 6,469 6,469 4.3 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

 5,841 6,101 6,038 4.7 4.8 4.7

Mining and logging

 35 45 47 5.1 6.1 6.3

Construction

 405 499 426 5.7 6.9 5.7

Manufacturing

 408 400 436 3.3 3.2 3.4

Durable goods

 236 237 258 3.0 3.0 3.2

Nondurable goods

 172 163 178 3.6 3.4 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,093 1,170 1,116 4.0 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade

 167 133 152 2.8 2.2 2.5

Retail trade

 741 815 742 4.7 5.1 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 186 222 221 3.3 3.8 3.8

Information

 83 92 101 2.9 3.3 3.6

Financial activities

 246 225 281 2.9 2.6 3.3

Finance and insurance

 156 142 187 2.5 2.3 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 90 82 94 4.0 3.7 4.1

Professional and business services

 1,240 1,255 1,259 6.0 6.0 6.0

Education and health services

 728 714 798 3.2 3.0 3.4

Educational services

 100 83 106 2.9 2.2 3.0

Health care and social assistance

 628 631 691 3.2 3.2 3.5

Leisure and hospitality

 1,299 1,398 1,300 7.7 8.4 7.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 295 308 293 11.1 12.7 11.0

Accommodation and food services

 1,004 1,090 1,007 7.1 7.7 7.0

Other services

 304 304 276 5.2 5.2 4.6

Government

 - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - -

State and local

 390 333 394 2.0 1.7 2.0

State and local education

 107 90 125 1.1 0.8 1.2

State and local, excluding education

 283 243 269 3.0 2.7 2.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

 1,065 996 1,103 3.9 3.6 4.0

South

 2,366 2,494 2,462 4.4 4.6 4.5

Midwest

 1,461 1,624 1,461 4.5 4.9 4.4

West

 1,381 1,355 1,443 4.1 3.9 4.2

Footnotes
 (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 5,504 5,462 5,739 3.7 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

 5,004 5,081 5,193 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging

 23 36 35 3.4 5.0 4.7

Construction

 299 320 319 4.2 4.4 4.3

Manufacturing

 332 341 339 2.7 2.7 2.7

Durable goods

 192 192 192 2.5 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods

 141 149 147 3.0 3.1 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 1,046 1,046 1,085 3.8 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade

 139 109 135 2.3 1.8 2.2

Retail trade

 719 734 750 4.5 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 189 203 200 3.3 3.5 3.4

Information

 69 88 88 2.5 3.2 3.2

Financial activities

 190 185 228 2.2 2.2 2.6

Finance and insurance

 120 118 149 1.9 1.9 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 70 67 79 3.1 3.0 3.5

Professional and business services

 1,127 1,165 1,125 5.5 5.6 5.3

Education and health services

 731 697 791 3.2 2.9 3.4

Educational services

 159 120 140 4.6 3.2 4.0

Health care and social assistance

 572 577 651 2.9 2.9 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

 974 1,023 986 5.8 6.2 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 125 129 142 4.7 5.3 5.3

Accommodation and food services

 849 893 844 6.0 6.3 5.9

Other services

 212 180 197 3.6 3.1 3.3

Government

 - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - -

State and local

 464 353 512 2.4 1.8 2.6

State and local education

 308 215 354 3.1 2.0 3.5

State and local, excluding education

 156 138 157 1.7 1.5 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

 856 727 809 3.2 2.7 2.9

South

 2,247 2,283 2,362 4.2 4.2 4.3

Midwest

 1,148 1,249 1,247 3.5 3.8 3.8

West

 1,252 1,203 1,321 3.7 3.5 3.8

Footnotes
 (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 3,364 3,590 3,623 2.3 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

 3,112 3,357 3,320 2.5 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging

 14 24 21 2.0 3.3 2.8

Construction

 139 173 162 1.9 2.4 2.2

Manufacturing

 207 205 204 1.7 1.6 1.6

Durable goods

 112 116 108 1.4 1.5 1.4

Nondurable goods

 95 89 96 2.0 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 658 741 747 2.4 2.7 2.7

Wholesale trade

 86 81 82 1.5 1.4 1.4

Retail trade

 472 533 546 3.0 3.4 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 100 127 119 1.8 2.2 2.0

Information

 40 54 45 1.4 2.0 1.6

Financial activities

 118 113 126 1.4 1.3 1.5

Finance and insurance

 73 70 74 1.2 1.1 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 45 44 52 2.0 2.0 2.3

Professional and business services

 631 692 710 3.1 3.3 3.4

Education and health services

 476 491 492 2.1 2.1 2.1

Educational services

 76 53 53 2.2 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance

 400 437 439 2.0 2.2 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

 689 736 714 4.1 4.4 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 71 68 75 2.7 2.8 2.8

Accommodation and food services

 618 668 639 4.4 4.7 4.4

Other services

 141 129 98 2.4 2.2 1.6

Government

 251 233 304 1.1 1.0 1.4

Federal

 18 15 17 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local

 233 218 287 1.2 1.1 1.5

State and local education

 151 128 196 1.5 1.2 1.9

State and local, excluding education

 82 90 91 0.9 1.0 1.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

 468 467 451 1.7 1.7 1.6

South

 1,399 1,511 1,545 2.6 2.8 2.8

Midwest

 687 817 839 2.1 2.5 2.5

West

 809 795 788 2.4 2.3 2.3

Footnotes
 (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 1,743 1,540 1,683 1.2 1.0 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

 1,601 1,451 1,567 1.3 1.1 1.2

Mining and logging

 7 10 11 1.1 1.4 1.5

Construction

 146 128 148 2.0 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing

 99 115 111 0.8 0.9 0.9

Durable goods

 63 63 68 0.8 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods

 35 52 43 0.7 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 300 223 270 1.1 0.8 1.0

Wholesale trade

 39 21 42 0.7 0.4 0.7

Retail trade

 184 137 167 1.2 0.9 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 76 65 61 1.3 1.1 1.0

Information

 24 24 35 0.9 0.9 1.3

Financial activities

 47 62 70 0.6 0.7 0.8

Finance and insurance

 27 39 46 0.4 0.6 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

 20 22 24 0.9 1.0 1.1

Professional and business services

 446 410 359 2.2 2.0 1.7

Education and health services

 211 168 243 0.9 0.7 1.0

Educational services

 74 60 76 2.2 1.6 2.2

Health care and social assistance

 137 108 167 0.7 0.5 0.8

Leisure and hospitality

 261 268 242 1.6 1.6 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 51 58 63 1.9 2.4 2.4

Accommodation and food services

 210 210 179 1.5 1.5 1.2

Other services

 59 44 78 1.0 0.7 1.3

Government

 - - - - - -

Federal

 - - - - - -

State and local

 133 85 111 0.7 0.4 0.6

State and local education

 86 59 75 0.9 0.6 0.7

State and local, excluding education

 47 25 36 0.5 0.3 0.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

 319 211 287 1.2 0.8 1.0

South

 708 654 665 1.3 1.2 1.2

Midwest

 380 352 314 1.2 1.1 0.9

West

 336 323 416 1.0 0.9 1.2

Footnotes
 (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

-Data not available

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)		 June
2017		 May
2018		 June
2018(p)

Total

 397 332 433 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

 291 273 307 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

 2 1 3 0.3 0.2 0.4

Construction

 13 19 9 0.2 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing

 27 21 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

 17 13 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

 10 8 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 89 82 69 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

 13 7 11 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade

 62 64 38 0.4 0.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

 13 11 20 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information

 5 10 8 0.2 0.4 0.3

Financial activities

 26 10 31 0.3 0.1 0.4

Finance and insurance

 20 8 28 0.3 0.1 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

 5 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services

 50 64 56 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

 44 39 56 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

 9 6 10 0.3 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance

 35 32 45 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

 24 19 30 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 3 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services

 21 15 26 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services

 12 8 21 0.2 0.1 0.4

Government

 106 59 126 0.5 0.3 0.6

Federal

 9 9 12 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local

 97 50 114 0.5 0.3 0.6

State and local education

 70 28 84 0.7 0.3 0.8

State and local, excluding education

 27 23 30 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

 69 49 71 0.3 0.2 0.3

South

 141 117 152 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest

 80 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.3

West

 107 86 116 0.3 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
 (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Last Modified Date: August 07, 2018