For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 13, 2018	USDL-18-0545

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.1 million on the last business day of February, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 
changed at 5.5 million and 5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.2 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of February, there were 6.1 million job openings, little changed from January. 
The job openings rate was 3.9 percent in February. The number of job openings edged down for total 
private and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in finance and insurance 
(+69,000) and state and local government education (+31,000). Job openings decreased in a number of 
industries with the largest decreases being in accommodation and food services (-91,000), construction 
(-56,000), and wholesale trade (-38,000). The number of job openings decreased in the West region. 
(See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million in February. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in educational 
services (-48,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in February. The total separations rate 
was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
Total separations increased in federal government (+9,000) but decreased in state and local government 
education (-17,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million in February. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in other 
services (-41,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in February, little changed from January. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent in February. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for 
total private and unchanged for government. Layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local 
government education (-13,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in the Northeast 
region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February at 334,000. The number of other 
separations was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in 
federal government (+7,000) but decreased in nondurable goods manufacturing (-6,000). The number of 
other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 65.6 million 
and separations totaled 63.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2018 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, May 8, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,618	6,228	6,052	5,264	5,574	5,507	5,031	5,319	5,192
Total private	5,118	5,675	5,476	4,917	5,236	5,161	4,673	4,989	4,857
Mining and logging(1)	16	27	22	37	32	36	32	31	30
Construction(1)	169	252	196	367	353	362	333	337	312
Manufacturing	352	424	426	297	360	380	283	343	352
Durable goods(1)	200	273	269	153	212	215	157	195	190
Nondurable goods(1)	152	152	158	144	149	165	126	148	161
Trade, transportation, and utilities	929	1,217	1,148	1,087	1,089	1,079	1,047	1,061	1,015
Wholesale trade(1)	174	224	186	138	151	140	134	149	140
Retail trade	581	709	708	744	728	725	730	714	672
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	174	283	254	205	210	214	183	198	203
Information(1)	79	112	114	79	79	81	80	93	90
Financial activities	362	355	399	191	223	222	186	212	200
Finance and insurance	296	265	334	125	152	149	128	147	152
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	66	90	64	66	71	73	58	65	48
Professional and business services	917	1,028	985	1,027	1,160	1,154	1,010	1,074	1,100
Education and health services	1,228	1,175	1,173	630	709	650	556	656	635
Educational services(1)	120	106	72	86	119	71	64	89	83
Health care and social assistance	1,108	1,069	1,101	544	591	579	492	566	552
Leisure and hospitality	807	878	792	998	1,027	1,031	965	988	977
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	77	83	162	164	161	145	157	132
Accommodation and food services	705	801	710	836	863	870	821	831	845
Other services(1)	259	206	222	203	204	168	181	195	146
Government	500	553	575	347	339	345	358	330	335
Federal(1)	80	88	54	37	38	36	42	32	41
State and local	420	465	521	309	301	309	316	298	293
State and local education	139	165	196	153	147	152	168	156	139
State and local, excluding education(1)	281	300	325	157	154	157	148	141	154
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.5
Total private	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.8	4.0	3.9
Mining and logging(1)	2.4	3.7	3.0	5.7	4.5	5.0	4.9	4.4	4.2
Construction(1)	2.4	3.4	2.7	5.3	5.0	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.4
Manufacturing	2.8	3.3	3.3	2.4	2.9	3.0	2.3	2.7	2.8
Durable goods(1)	2.5	3.4	3.3	2.0	2.7	2.7	2.0	2.5	2.4
Nondurable goods(1)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.5	2.7	3.1	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.3	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7
Wholesale trade(1)	2.9	3.6	3.0	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4
Retail trade	3.5	4.3	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.0	4.7	4.2	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.5
Information(1)	2.7	3.9	4.0	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.4	3.3
Financial activities	4.1	4.0	4.5	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	4.5	4.0	5.0	2.0	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.0	3.9	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.2
Professional and business services	4.3	4.7	4.5	5.1	5.6	5.6	5.0	5.2	5.3
Education and health services	5.1	4.8	4.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.4	2.8	2.7
Educational services(1)	3.2	2.8	1.9	2.3	3.2	1.9	1.7	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	5.4	5.1	5.3	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.5	2.9	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	4.8	5.1	4.6	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.2	3.2	3.4	7.0	7.0	6.8	6.3	6.7	5.6
Accommodation and food services	4.9	5.5	4.9	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.1
Other services(1)	4.3	3.4	3.7	3.5	3.5	2.9	3.1	3.3	2.5
Government	2.2	2.4	2.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal(1)	2.8	3.0	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.5
State and local	2.1	2.3	2.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.3
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.0	3.2	3.4	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	5,618	6,061	5,933	5,667	6,228	6,052	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.0	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,118	5,515	5,427	5,143	5,675	5,476	4.0	4.2	4.2	3.9	4.3	4.2
Mining and logging(3)	16	28	19	20	27	22	2.4	3.9	2.7	2.8	3.7	3.0
Construction(3)	169	233	225	149	252	196	2.4	3.2	3.1	2.1	3.4	2.7
Manufacturing	352	410	391	374	424	426	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.3	3.3
Durable goods(3)	200	248	248	239	273	269	2.5	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.3
Nondurable goods(3)	152	162	143	135	152	158	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	929	1,031	1,187	1,087	1,217	1,148	3.3	3.6	4.1	3.8	4.2	4.0
Wholesale trade(3)	174	152	168	188	224	186	2.9	2.5	2.8	3.1	3.6	3.0
Retail trade	581	655	853	707	709	708	3.5	4.0	5.1	4.3	4.3	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	174	223	166	192	283	254	3.0	3.7	2.8	3.2	4.7	4.2
Information(3)	79	96	88	103	112	114	2.7	3.3	3.1	3.6	3.9	4.0
Financial activities	362	365	349	332	355	399	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.5
Finance and insurance	296	254	271	253	265	334	4.5	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.0	5.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	66	111	77	79	90	64	3.0	4.8	3.4	3.4	3.9	2.8
Professional and business services	917	1,084	976	874	1,028	985	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.1	4.7	4.5
Education and health services	1,228	1,127	1,095	1,107	1,175	1,173	5.1	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.8	4.8
Educational services(3)	120	93	100	84	106	72	3.2	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.8	1.9
Health care and social assistance	1,108	1,034	995	1,023	1,069	1,101	5.4	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	807	850	865	902	878	792	4.8	5.0	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	82	77	90	77	83	4.2	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.2	3.4
Accommodation and food services	705	768	789	812	801	710	4.9	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.5	4.9
Other services(3)	259	292	234	196	206	222	4.3	4.8	3.9	3.3	3.4	3.7
Government	500	546	506	524	553	575	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5
Federal(3)	80	89	73	79	88	54	2.8	3.1	2.5	2.7	3.0	1.9
State and local	420	457	432	445	465	521	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.6
State and local education	139	156	157	165	165	196	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.8
State and local, excluding education(3)	281	301	275	280	300	325	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.4
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,083	1,018	973	968	1,007	1,011	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.6
South	2,024	2,090	2,138	2,011	2,216	2,215	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.9
Midwest	1,278	1,536	1,474	1,350	1,507	1,474	3.8	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.3
West	1,234	1,417	1,348	1,338	1,499	1,351	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.8	4.2	3.8
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	5,264	5,609	5,514	5,524	5,574	5,507	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,917	5,267	5,151	5,173	5,236	5,161	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	37	32	34	31	32	36	5.7	4.7	4.8	4.4	4.5	5.0
Construction	367	372	357	321	353	362	5.3	5.3	5.1	4.5	5.0	5.0
Manufacturing	297	343	344	348	360	380	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.0
Durable goods	153	195	197	201	212	215	2.0	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7
Nondurable goods	144	148	146	147	149	165	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,087	1,059	1,058	1,076	1,089	1,079	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	138	156	142	148	151	140	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
Retail trade	744	693	698	698	728	725	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	205	210	218	230	210	214	3.6	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.7
Information	79	82	79	83	79	81	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.9
Financial activities	191	235	192	187	223	222	2.3	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.6	2.6
Finance and insurance	125	158	125	122	152	149	2.0	2.5	2.0	1.9	2.4	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	77	67	65	71	73	3.0	3.5	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.3
Professional and business services	1,027	1,141	1,156	1,218	1,160	1,154	5.1	5.5	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.6
Education and health services	630	679	691	666	709	650	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.8
Educational services	86	86	107	111	119	71	2.3	2.3	2.9	3.0	3.2	1.9
Health care and social assistance	544	593	584	556	591	579	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	998	1,074	1,038	1,021	1,027	1,031	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	162	180	168	153	164	161	7.0	7.7	7.2	6.5	7.0	6.8
Accommodation and food services	836	894	870	869	863	870	6.1	6.5	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3
Other services	203	249	204	222	204	168	3.5	4.3	3.5	3.8	3.5	2.9
Government	347	342	363	351	339	345	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal	37	50	39	28	38	36	1.3	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.3
State and local	309	292	324	322	301	309	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6
State and local education	153	153	162	167	147	152	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local, excluding education	157	139	162	155	154	157	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	886	932	808	790	817	810	3.3	3.4	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0
South	2,095	2,283	2,264	2,221	2,266	2,197	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.1
Midwest	1,143	1,153	1,167	1,219	1,203	1,237	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8
West	1,140	1,242	1,274	1,293	1,288	1,262	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	5,031	5,273	5,254	5,314	5,319	5,192	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,673	4,929	4,897	4,959	4,989	4,857	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
Mining and logging	32	31	29	31	31	30	4.9	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.2
Construction	333	344	330	291	337	312	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.1	4.7	4.4
Manufacturing	283	314	325	337	343	352	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.8
Durable goods	157	177	177	189	195	190	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4
Nondurable goods	126	137	148	148	148	161	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,047	1,014	1,015	1,050	1,061	1,015	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7
Wholesale trade	134	138	121	143	149	140	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.4	2.5	2.4
Retail trade	730	691	696	686	714	672	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	183	185	198	221	198	203	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.8	3.4	3.5
Information	80	81	73	88	93	90	2.9	2.9	2.6	3.2	3.4	3.3
Financial activities	186	219	173	172	212	200	2.2	2.6	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	128	152	133	121	147	152	2.1	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	58	67	40	51	65	48	2.7	3.0	1.8	2.3	2.9	2.2
Professional and business services	1,010	1,077	1,158	1,180	1,074	1,100	5.0	5.2	5.6	5.7	5.2	5.3
Education and health services	556	669	637	626	656	635	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
Educational services	64	102	85	98	89	83	1.7	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	492	567	552	529	566	552	2.5	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	965	968	992	981	988	977	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	145	155	165	142	157	132	6.3	6.6	7.1	6.0	6.7	5.6
Accommodation and food services	821	812	827	839	831	845	6.0	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1
Other services	181	212	166	204	195	146	3.1	3.7	2.8	3.5	3.3	2.5
Government	358	343	357	354	330	335	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal	42	43	39	36	32	41	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.5
State and local	316	301	318	319	298	293	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	168	158	156	165	156	139	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.3
State and local, excluding education	148	142	162	153	141	154	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	876	815	830	771	813	739	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	2.7
South	1,977	2,156	2,169	2,116	2,186	2,154	3.7	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.0
Midwest	1,098	1,137	1,096	1,164	1,116	1,080	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.3
West	1,080	1,165	1,159	1,263	1,204	1,219	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.5	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	3,018	3,224	3,195	3,340	3,191	3,210	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,845	3,059	3,011	3,164	3,023	3,043	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4
Mining and logging	16	19	15	17	19	20	2.5	2.7	2.2	2.5	2.6	2.8
Construction	165	164	148	152	156	151	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1
Manufacturing	180	195	196	217	214	221	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8
Durable goods	97	109	108	120	117	123	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6
Nondurable goods	83	86	88	97	97	98	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	666	666	629	682	643	629	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.3
Wholesale trade	71	98	84	101	88	85	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4
Retail trade	482	464	432	475	452	428	3.0	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	113	104	113	106	102	117	2.0	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.8	2.0
Information	47	44	46	50	50	51	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8
Financial activities	86	122	115	114	118	117	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4
Finance and insurance	56	79	93	83	76	87	0.9	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	30	44	22	30	43	31	1.4	2.0	1.0	1.4	1.9	1.4
Professional and business services	567	641	712	747	641	666	2.8	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.2
Education and health services	380	453	427	423	400	404	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7
Educational services	43	50	50	52	45	44	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.2
Health care and social assistance	337	403	377	370	355	360	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	640	646	652	676	672	715	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	73	63	64	64	79	81	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.7	3.4	3.5
Accommodation and food services	567	583	588	611	593	633	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.6
Other services(3)	98	109	71	87	111	70	1.7	1.9	1.2	1.5	1.9	1.2
Government	173	166	184	176	168	167	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
Federal	18	16	18	13	13	14	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	155	150	166	163	155	153	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local education	74	80	84	83	80	75	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7
State and local, excluding education	81	70	82	80	75	78	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	408	444	438	422	431	434	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
South	1,270	1,401	1,337	1,322	1,330	1,379	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Midwest	682	670	685	758	687	668	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.0
West	658	709	735	837	743	729	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	1,657	1,712	1,735	1,655	1,784	1,647	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,538	1,595	1,627	1,534	1,677	1,541	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mining and logging(3)	12	10	13	13	12	8	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.1
Construction	146	160	174	127	173	155	2.1	2.3	2.5	1.8	2.4	2.2
Manufacturing	78	100	106	101	101	114	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	44	57	54	56	62	56	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	34	43	52	44	40	58	0.7	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	306	274	310	302	329	315	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	50	34	31	30	49	48	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	199	174	207	171	196	194	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	57	66	72	101	84	74	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.3
Information	26	33	21	29	31	26	0.9	1.2	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.0
Financial activities	71	76	44	42	68	54	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.6
Finance and insurance	48	54	27	24	47	38	0.8	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	22	17	18	21	16	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7
Professional and business services	390	376	387	394	405	389	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9
Education and health services	146	170	168	149	189	177	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8
Educational services	20	45	33	39	39	34	0.5	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
Health care and social assistance	127	125	136	111	150	143	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	288	295	318	273	295	242	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	69	90	96	75	76	48	3.0	3.8	4.1	3.2	3.2	2.0
Accommodation and food services	220	205	221	198	219	194	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.4
Other services	74	99	86	104	75	61	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.0
Government	119	117	108	121	106	106	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Federal	14	13	13	12	12	14	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	105	104	95	109	94	93	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5
State and local education	64	53	47	58	54	41	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4
State and local, excluding education	41	51	48	51	41	52	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.6
REGION(4)
Northeast	400	306	331	287	334	252	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.9
South	574	632	709	678	733	649	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2
Midwest	347	397	345	336	355	349	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1
West	337	377	350	353	361	398	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	356	336	325	318	344	334	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	290	276	260	261	289	273	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	4	2	1	1	1	1	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Construction(3)	23	21	8	12	8	6	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	25	19	24	19	28	17	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	16	11	15	12	16	11	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods(3)	9	8	9	7	12	6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	76	74	77	66	90	71	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	14	6	6	13	12	8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	50	53	57	39	66	50	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	13	15	13	14	12	13	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information(3)	7	3	6	8	11	14	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5
Financial activities	28	21	14	17	26	29	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	24	19	13	13	24	27	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	4	1	1	3	2	2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	54	59	58	39	29	45	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Education and health services	29	47	41	55	66	54	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Educational services(3)	1	8	2	7	5	4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	28	39	39	48	61	49	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	36	26	22	32	21	21	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	3	5	3	2	3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	33	24	17	29	19	18	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other services(3)	9	4	9	13	9	16	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Government	66	61	65	57	56	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	10	14	8	11	7	14	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.5
State and local	55	47	57	47	49	47	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	30	25	24	25	23	23	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	26	22	33	22	26	24	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	67	64	61	61	48	52	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	134	123	124	115	123	126	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	70	70	66	70	74	64	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	85	79	74	72	100	93	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	5,440	6,151	5,893	3.6	4.1	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,958	5,618	5,333	3.9	4.4	4.1
Mining and logging	16	27	22	2.5	3.8	3.0
Construction	169	252	196	2.5	3.6	2.8
Manufacturing	352	424	426	2.8	3.3	3.3
Durable goods	200	273	269	2.5	3.4	3.3
Nondurable goods	152	152	158	3.2	3.1	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	865	1,144	1,082	3.1	4.0	3.8
Wholesale trade	174	224	186	2.9	3.7	3.1
Retail trade	517	636	642	3.2	3.9	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	283	254	3.0	4.7	4.2
Information	79	112	114	2.7	3.9	4.0
Financial activities	342	361	391	3.9	4.1	4.4
Finance and insurance	276	271	327	4.2	4.1	4.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	90	64	3.0	4.0	2.9
Professional and business services	856	1,018	916	4.1	4.8	4.3
Education and health services	1,202	1,270	1,167	4.9	5.2	4.7
Educational services	120	106	72	3.1	2.9	1.8
Health care and social assistance	1,082	1,164	1,095	5.3	5.6	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	818	802	796	5.1	4.9	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	95	71	77	4.4	3.3	3.5
Accommodation and food services	723	731	719	5.2	5.2	5.1
Other services	259	206	222	4.3	3.5	3.7
Government	481	533	559	2.1	2.3	2.4
Federal	80	88	54	2.8	3.0	1.9
State and local	401	446	505	2.0	2.2	2.5
State and local education	120	146	180	1.1	1.4	1.6
State and local, excluding education	281	300	325	3.0	3.2	3.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,040	980	974	3.8	3.5	3.5
South	1,967	2,185	2,176	3.6	4.0	3.9
Midwest	1,241	1,453	1,454	3.7	4.3	4.3
West	1,191	1,533	1,289	3.5	4.4	3.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	4,352	5,355	4,582	3.0	3.7	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,090	5,058	4,321	3.4	4.1	3.5
Mining and logging	30	37	30	4.6	5.4	4.3
Construction	309	325	306	4.7	4.9	4.5
Manufacturing	258	378	336	2.1	3.0	2.7
Durable goods	135	231	193	1.8	3.0	2.5
Nondurable goods	123	146	143	2.7	3.1	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	862	929	866	3.2	3.4	3.2
Wholesale trade	122	169	123	2.1	2.9	2.1
Retail trade	591	568	586	3.8	3.6	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	149	192	158	2.7	3.3	2.7
Information	67	92	68	2.4	3.4	2.5
Financial activities	154	249	189	1.8	2.9	2.2
Finance and insurance	106	172	134	1.7	2.7	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	76	55	2.3	3.5	2.5
Professional and business services	904	1,255	1,022	4.5	6.2	5.0
Education and health services	526	737	536	2.3	3.2	2.3
Educational services	67	113	53	1.8	3.1	1.4
Health care and social assistance	459	625	483	2.4	3.2	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	803	861	828	5.3	5.6	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	106	119	105	5.1	5.7	4.9
Accommodation and food services	697	742	724	5.3	5.5	5.4
Other services	178	195	139	3.1	3.4	2.4
Government	262	298	261	1.2	1.3	1.2
Federal	30	35	29	1.1	1.2	1.0
State and local	232	263	232	1.2	1.4	1.2
State and local education	117	141	117	1.1	1.4	1.1
State and local, excluding education	115	122	115	1.3	1.4	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	668	736	614	2.5	2.7	2.3
South	1,830	2,312	1,928	3.5	4.4	3.6
Midwest	905	1,106	993	2.8	3.4	3.1
West	949	1,201	1,047	2.9	3.6	3.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	4,089	5,863	4,216	2.8	4.0	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,869	5,552	4,009	3.2	4.5	3.2
Mining and logging	28	31	29	4.4	4.5	4.1
Construction	278	370	251	4.3	5.5	3.7
Manufacturing	240	339	301	1.9	2.7	2.4
Durable goods	135	204	165	1.8	2.6	2.1
Nondurable goods	105	135	137	2.3	2.9	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	900	1,457	845	3.3	5.3	3.1
Wholesale trade	117	163	120	2.0	2.8	2.0
Retail trade	646	945	575	4.1	6.0	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	137	348	150	2.5	6.0	2.6
Information	67	120	78	2.4	4.4	2.8
Financial activities	148	254	161	1.8	3.0	1.9
Finance and insurance	97	176	118	1.6	2.8	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	51	78	43	2.4	3.6	2.0
Professional and business services	870	1,176	940	4.4	5.8	4.6
Education and health services	448	677	513	1.9	2.9	2.2
Educational services	38	79	47	1.0	2.2	1.2
Health care and social assistance	410	597	465	2.1	3.0	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	726	940	761	4.7	6.1	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	79	122	75	3.8	5.9	3.6
Accommodation and food services	647	819	685	4.9	6.1	5.1
Other services	164	189	130	2.9	3.3	2.2
Government	220	310	207	1.0	1.4	0.9
Federal	34	56	34	1.2	2.0	1.2
State and local	186	254	173	0.9	1.3	0.9
State and local education	81	129	68	0.8	1.2	0.6
State and local, excluding education	104	125	105	1.2	1.4	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	666	937	573	2.5	3.5	2.1
South	1,643	2,383	1,790	3.1	4.5	3.3
Midwest	899	1,243	870	2.8	3.9	2.7
West	882	1,300	983	2.7	3.9	2.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	2,503	3,145	2,668	1.7	2.2	1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,379	2,999	2,551	2.0	2.4	2.1
Mining and logging	13	18	19	2.1	2.6	2.8
Construction	132	137	121	2.0	2.0	1.8
Manufacturing	150	197	188	1.2	1.6	1.5
Durable goods	80	112	103	1.0	1.4	1.3
Nondurable goods	70	85	85	1.5	1.8	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	566	674	517	2.1	2.5	1.9
Wholesale trade	57	96	66	1.0	1.6	1.1
Retail trade	418	483	354	2.7	3.1	2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	92	94	98	1.6	1.6	1.7
Information	42	57	47	1.5	2.1	1.7
Financial activities	72	119	97	0.9	1.4	1.1
Finance and insurance	43	76	67	0.7	1.2	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	30	43	31	1.4	2.0	1.4
Professional and business services	485	655	571	2.4	3.2	2.8
Education and health services	319	411	337	1.4	1.8	1.4
Educational services	29	40	29	0.8	1.1	0.7
Health care and social assistance	291	372	308	1.5	1.9	1.6
Leisure and hospitality	502	621	584	3.3	4.0	3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	47	66	55	2.3	3.2	2.6
Accommodation and food services	455	555	530	3.4	4.1	3.9
Other services	98	111	70	1.7	1.9	1.2
Government	124	146	117	0.5	0.7	0.5
Federal	16	13	13	0.6	0.5	0.5
State and local	107	133	104	0.5	0.7	0.5
State and local education	43	68	42	0.4	0.7	0.4
State and local, excluding education	65	65	62	0.7	0.7	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	327	442	360	1.2	1.7	1.3
South	1,061	1,313	1,169	2.0	2.5	2.2
Midwest	568	648	553	1.8	2.0	1.7
West	547	742	586	1.6	2.2	1.7
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	1,271	2,298	1,254	0.9	1.6	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,217	2,195	1,204	1.0	1.8	1.0
Mining and logging	12	12	8	1.9	1.7	1.2
Construction	123	225	124	1.9	3.4	1.8
Manufacturing	68	108	98	0.6	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	42	70	52	0.5	0.9	0.7
Nondurable goods	26	38	46	0.6	0.8	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	263	663	262	1.0	2.4	1.0
Wholesale trade	50	49	48	0.9	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	180	372	175	1.2	2.4	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	33	242	39	0.6	4.2	0.7
Information	19	52	18	0.7	1.9	0.6
Financial activities	54	97	42	0.6	1.1	0.5
Finance and insurance	36	64	31	0.6	1.0	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	33	11	0.8	1.5	0.5
Professional and business services	334	472	329	1.7	2.3	1.6
Education and health services	100	199	122	0.4	0.9	0.5
Educational services	8	34	14	0.2	1.0	0.4
Health care and social assistance	92	165	108	0.5	0.8	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	188	298	156	1.2	1.9	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	29	54	18	1.4	2.6	0.9
Accommodation and food services	159	244	138	1.2	1.8	1.0
Other services	57	69	45	1.0	1.2	0.8
Government	54	103	50	0.2	0.5	0.2
Federal	10	31	10	0.4	1.1	0.4
State and local	44	72	40	0.2	0.4	0.2
State and local education	25	43	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	20	29	24	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	275	430	167	1.0	1.6	0.6
South	463	926	507	0.9	1.7	0.9
Midwest	273	493	268	0.9	1.5	0.8
West	260	449	312	0.8	1.3	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)	Feb. 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018(p)
Total	315	419	294	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	273	358	254	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	3	2	1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Construction	23	8	6	0.3	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	22	34	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Durable goods	14	22	9	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nondurable goods	9	12	6	0.2	0.3	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	71	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Wholesale trade	11	19	6	0.2	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	48	90	46	0.3	0.6	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	12	13	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information	7	11	14	0.2	0.4	0.5
Financial activities	22	38	23	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	17	36	21	0.3	0.6	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	2	2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	51	50	41	0.3	0.2	0.2
Education and health services	29	66	54	0.1	0.3	0.2
Educational services	1	5	4	0.0	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	28	61	49	0.1	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	36	21	21	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	33	19	18	0.3	0.1	0.1
Other services	9	9	16	0.2	0.2	0.3
Government	42	61	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	8	12	11	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	34	49	29	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local education	14	18	11	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	20	31	18	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	64	63	46	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	119	144	114	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	58	101	49	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	74	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.