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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 10, 2017	USDL-17-0033

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.5 million on the last business day of November, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 
changed at 5.2 million and 5.0 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, there were 5.5 million job openings, little changed from 
October. The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in November. The number of job openings was little 
changed for total private and increased for government (+48,000). Job openings increased in state and 
local government, excluding education (+32,000), and state and local government education (+17,000). 
The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.2 million in November. The hires rate was 3.6 
percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 
state and local government education (+19,000) but decreased in retail trade (-71,000). Hires was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in November, little changed from October. The total 
separations rate in November was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for 
total private and for government. Total separations were little changed in all industries and in all four 
regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in November at 3.1 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over 
the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased 
in construction (+32,000), wholesale trade (+20,000), and educational services (+9,000). The number of 
quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in November, essentially unchanged from October. The 
layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent in November. The number of layoffs and 
discharges was little changed for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges levels 
were little changed in all industries and all four regions. (See table 5.)

In November, the number of other separations edged down for total nonfarm (-47,000) and for total 
private (-43,000). Other separations was little changed for government. Other separations decreased in 
retail trade (-27,000) and mining and logging (-3,000). The number of other separations decreased in the 
Midwest region (-28,000). (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 62.7 million 
and separations totaled 60.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2016 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, February 7, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

5,198 5,451 5,522 5,253 5,160 5,219 4,958 4,966 5,028

Total private

4,725 4,951 4,972 4,904 4,804 4,848 4,616 4,631 4,682

Mining and logging(1)

15 14 17 21 32 31 35 33 27

Construction(1)

101 193 184 340 331 335 292 311 325

Manufacturing

238 320 324 278 274 275 267 269 275

Durable goods(1)

138 197 185 153 159 160 154 157 162

Nondurable goods(1)

100 123 139 126 114 115 113 113 113

Trade, transportation, and utilities

861 1,024 1,021 1,085 1,083 1,012 1,040 1,046 1,045

Wholesale trade(1)

128 181 183 134 132 131 127 121 134

Retail trade

527 653 653 766 739 668 744 736 705

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

205 190 186 186 212 213 169 189 207

Information(1)

68 76 76 71 71 70 79 72 70

Financial activities

356 331 332 208 170 170 190 156 157

Finance and insurance

312 257 268 137 106 110 136 98 116

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

44 74 64 71 63 60 54 59 41

Professional and business services

1,126 980 984 1,056 1,043 1,060 1,020 1,016 1,020

Education and health services

1,113 1,159 1,120 661 646 650 600 591 592

Educational services(1)

89 90 87 102 75 84 97 68 71

Health care and social assistance

1,023 1,069 1,033 559 571 566 503 523 520

Leisure and hospitality

732 670 725 992 972 1,041 939 965 996

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

64 82 82 131 148 145 130 149 143

Accommodation and food services

668 589 643 861 824 896 809 815 853

Other services(1)

116 182 189 190 183 205 154 173 174

Government

473 501 549 349 356 371 342 334 346

Federal(1)

72 82 81 45 42 41 42 33 37

State and local

401 419 468 304 314 330 300 302 309

State and local education

160 131 148 157 134 153 160 137 150

State and local, excluding education(1)

241 288 320 148 180 178 140 165 159





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5

Total private

3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging(1)

1.9 2.0 2.4 2.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.0

Construction(1)

1.5 2.8 2.7 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

1.9 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods(1)

1.8 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods(1)

2.1 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

3.1 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade(1)

2.1 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2

Retail trade

3.2 3.9 3.9 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.8

Information(1)

2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5

Financial activities

4.2 3.8 3.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance

4.9 4.0 4.2 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

2.0 3.3 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services

5.4 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0

Education and health services

4.7 4.8 4.7 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6

Educational services(1)

2.5 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 1.9 2.0

Health care and social assistance

5.2 5.3 5.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

4.6 4.1 4.4 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.1 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2.8 3.5 3.5 5.9 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services

4.8 4.2 4.6 6.6 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.4

Other services(1)

2.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.0 3.0

Government

2.1 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal(1)

2.5 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3

State and local

2.0 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education(1)

2.6 3.1 3.4 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

5,198 5,831 5,453 5,631 5,451 5,522 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,725 5,284 4,941 5,112 4,951 4,972 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging(3)

15 13 11 20 14 17 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.8 2.0 2.4

Construction(3)

101 225 192 221 193 184 1.5 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7

Manufacturing

238 379 326 328 320 324 1.9 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Durable goods(3)

138 223 185 206 197 185 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods(3)

100 156 141 122 123 139 2.1 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

861 1,046 997 1,020 1,024 1,021 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

Wholesale trade(3)

128 177 160 169 181 183 2.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0

Retail trade

527 623 628 663 653 653 3.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

205 246 208 188 190 186 3.6 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.3

Information(3)

68 80 83 97 76 76 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.4 2.7 2.7

Financial activities

356 318 332 355 331 332 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.8

Finance and insurance

312 240 253 265 257 268 4.9 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

44 78 79 89 74 64 2.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.9

Professional and business services

1,126 1,212 1,022 1,113 980 984 5.4 5.6 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.6

Education and health services

1,113 1,073 1,041 1,072 1,159 1,120 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.7

Educational services(3)

89 103 95 102 90 87 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance

1,023 970 946 970 1,069 1,033 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.1

Leisure and hospitality

732 747 749 710 670 725 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

64 94 74 67 82 82 2.8 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.5

Accommodation and food services

668 653 675 642 589 643 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.6

Other services(3)

116 191 189 177 182 189 2.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2

Government

473 546 511 519 501 549 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4

Federal(3)

72 90 88 101 82 81 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.5 2.8 2.8

State and local

401 457 424 419 419 468 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4

State and local education

160 164 147 130 131 148 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education(3)

241 292 276 289 288 320 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

897 983 944 1,034 980 951 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4

South

2,071 2,119 1,961 2,028 1,984 2,072 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

Midwest

1,121 1,333 1,223 1,270 1,247 1,212 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6

West

1,109 1,396 1,324 1,299 1,240 1,287 3.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

5,253 5,258 5,268 5,121 5,160 5,219 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,904 4,889 4,888 4,757 4,804 4,848 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging

21 23 31 28 32 31 2.8 3.4 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.5

Construction

340 328 337 314 331 335 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.0

Manufacturing

278 276 274 279 274 275 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

Durable goods

153 163 152 163 159 160 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods

126 113 122 116 114 115 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,085 1,059 1,091 1,097 1,083 1,012 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7

Wholesale trade

134 135 160 136 132 131 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2

Retail trade

766 750 752 769 739 668 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

186 174 179 193 212 213 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.9

Information

71 77 71 80 71 70 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.5

Financial activities

208 183 192 170 170 170 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0

Finance and insurance

137 118 133 110 106 110 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

71 65 59 60 63 60 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

Professional and business services

1,056 1,162 1,072 1,080 1,043 1,060 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2

Education and health services

661 626 634 616 646 650 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8

Educational services

102 84 92 87 75 84 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.4

Health care and social assistance

559 542 543 528 571 566 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

992 1,001 1,005 909 972 1,041 6.5 6.4 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

131 160 174 119 148 145 5.9 7.1 7.7 5.3 6.6 6.5

Accommodation and food services

861 840 831 790 824 896 6.6 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.2 6.7

Other services

190 156 180 185 183 205 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6

Government

349 368 380 365 356 371 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal

45 41 40 40 42 41 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local

304 328 339 325 314 330 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

State and local education

157 168 160 159 134 153 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education

148 159 180 165 180 178 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

851 805 895 802 864 845 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.1

South

1,985 2,056 2,002 2,000 2,061 2,009 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

Midwest

1,197 1,187 1,182 1,141 1,131 1,179 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6

West

1,219 1,210 1,189 1,178 1,104 1,186 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

4,958 4,991 5,052 4,936 4,966 5,028 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,616 4,665 4,696 4,578 4,631 4,682 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging

35 25 31 26 33 27 4.6 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.9 4.0

Construction

292 294 327 296 311 325 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

267 263 268 278 269 275 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

Durable goods

154 160 157 166 157 162 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods

113 103 111 112 113 113 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,040 1,068 1,009 1,039 1,046 1,045 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade

127 146 147 117 121 134 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.2

Retail trade

744 750 707 722 736 705 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

169 172 156 199 189 207 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.6 3.4 3.8

Information

79 81 72 89 72 70 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.5

Financial activities

190 173 186 163 156 157 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance

136 107 123 107 98 116 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

54 66 63 56 59 41 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services

1,020 1,045 1,008 1,009 1,016 1,020 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Education and health services

600 584 595 560 591 592 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6

Educational services

97 93 85 69 68 71 2.8 2.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.0

Health care and social assistance

503 491 510 491 523 520 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

939 944 988 928 965 996 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

130 140 193 147 149 143 5.9 6.2 8.6 6.6 6.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services

809 804 795 781 815 853 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.4

Other services

154 188 211 191 173 174 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.0

Government

342 326 357 357 334 346 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal

42 36 37 37 33 37 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local

300 289 320 320 302 309 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education

160 132 162 152 137 150 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education

140 158 157 169 165 159 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

797 848 876 799 791 826 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1

South

1,952 2,003 1,960 1,922 1,927 1,959 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

Midwest

1,112 1,068 1,052 1,037 1,119 1,071 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

West

1,098 1,072 1,164 1,178 1,128 1,172 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

2,862 2,977 3,009 3,052 3,023 3,064 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,705 2,807 2,847 2,867 2,861 2,898 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Mining and logging

18 12 13 13 13 14 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1

Construction

129 128 137 124 128 160 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.4

Manufacturing

145 143 140 150 155 155 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3

Durable goods

74 80 76 85 86 90 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

Nondurable goods

71 63 64 64 69 65 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

627 653 651 654 675 677 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

Wholesale trade

72 95 90 71 72 92 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5

Retail trade

471 467 475 462 492 463 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

85 90 85 121 111 123 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.2

Information

42 40 38 57 40 37 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.3

Financial activities

86 100 105 86 91 83 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0

Finance and insurance

62 63 68 57 64 64 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

24 37 37 29 27 18 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.8

Professional and business services

522 565 598 597 588 602 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Education and health services

408 398 375 411 396 398 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7

Educational services

55 51 51 45 38 47 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance

353 347 324 366 358 351 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality

636 635 639 671 668 692 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

53 63 63 73 69 74 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services

583 573 576 599 600 618 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6

Other services(3)

91 133 150 103 108 80 1.6 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.9 1.4

Government

157 170 162 185 163 166 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Federal

14 13 13 13 12 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local

143 156 149 172 151 152 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education

72 69 76 78 73 78 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education

71 87 73 93 77 73 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8

REGION(4)

Northeast

400 442 433 419 428 450 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

South

1,137 1,206 1,214 1,242 1,210 1,241 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

Midwest

687 644 625 648 678 671 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

West

638 685 737 743 707 701 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

1,718 1,639 1,692 1,513 1,569 1,637 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,599 1,542 1,557 1,402 1,460 1,516 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging(3)

12 8 13 8 13 9 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.3

Construction

157 146 171 153 169 155 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3

Manufacturing

101 95 110 100 92 96 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods

64 64 70 60 56 54 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods

37 32 40 40 37 42 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

302 331 276 294 269 302 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade(3)

45 40 48 33 35 32 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5

Retail trade

189 222 175 205 171 195 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

69 68 54 57 63 76 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4

Information

31 30 24 21 20 22 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8

Financial activities

58 47 51 52 50 54 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance

32 24 32 29 22 32 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

26 23 18 23 29 22 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0

Professional and business services

441 413 358 352 368 365 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8

Education and health services

156 140 179 108 160 157 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7

Educational services

37 34 26 19 27 23 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6

Health care and social assistance

119 106 153 89 133 134 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

280 278 317 231 264 270 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

72 76 125 71 78 66 3.3 3.3 5.5 3.2 3.5 3.0

Accommodation and food services

208 203 192 161 186 204 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5

Other services

59 54 58 82 54 87 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5

Government

119 97 134 111 109 121 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Federal

11 12 13 12 11 13 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local

108 85 122 100 99 108 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local education

62 42 64 49 39 49 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding education

46 43 58 50 60 59 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

REGION(4)

Northeast

329 337 372 308 299 308 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

South

647 644 601 537 575 595 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1

Midwest

348 354 356 315 351 338 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

West

393 304 362 353 344 396 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

378 375 351 370 373 326 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

311 316 291 310 311 268 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging

5 5 5 6 7 4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6

Construction(3)

6 21 19 18 14 11 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

20 24 18 28 22 25 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

15 16 11 21 15 19 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods(3)

5 8 7 7 7 6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

110 84 82 90 103 66 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2

Wholesale trade

10 10 9 13 13 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

84 60 57 55 74 47 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

15 14 16 22 15 9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Information(3)

5 11 10 11 12 11 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities

46 26 31 25 15 21 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

42 19 23 21 12 20 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

4 7 7 4 3 1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services

56 67 52 60 60 52 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

36 46 40 40 35 36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services(3)

5 9 7 5 3 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance(3)

31 38 33 35 32 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

23 31 32 26 32 34 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

5 2 5 4 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services(3)

18 29 27 22 30 31 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services(3)

4 1 3 5 11 8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government

66 59 60 61 62 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

17 11 11 12 10 8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local

49 47 49 49 52 50 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education

26 20 22 24 24 23 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

23 27 27 25 28 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

67 69 71 72 64 67 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

South

168 153 145 143 143 123 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest

77 70 70 74 90 62 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West

66 83 65 81 77 74 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

4,897 5,680 5,246 3.3 3.7 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,439 5,189 4,708 3.5 4.0 3.7

Mining and logging

15 14 17 1.9 2.0 2.4

Construction

101 193 184 1.5 2.7 2.6

Manufacturing

238 320 324 1.9 2.5 2.6

Durable goods

138 197 185 1.8 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods

100 123 139 2.1 2.6 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

804 1,094 971 2.8 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade

128 181 183 2.1 3.0 3.0

Retail trade

470 722 603 2.8 4.3 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

205 190 186 3.6 3.3 3.2

Information

68 76 76 2.4 2.7 2.7

Financial activities

318 355 313 3.7 4.1 3.6

Finance and insurance

275 281 249 4.3 4.3 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

44 74 64 2.0 3.3 2.9

Professional and business services

1,069 1,057 929 5.1 4.9 4.3

Education and health services

1,061 1,221 1,078 4.5 5.0 4.5

Educational services

89 90 87 2.4 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance

972 1,131 991 4.9 5.5 4.9

Leisure and hospitality

648 677 627 4.1 4.2 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

53 83 65 2.5 3.6 3.0

Accommodation and food services

595 595 562 4.4 4.3 4.1

Other services

116 182 189 2.0 3.1 3.2

Government

459 491 537 2.0 2.1 2.3

Federal

72 82 81 2.5 2.8 2.8

State and local

387 409 456 1.9 2.0 2.2

State and local education

146 121 136 1.3 1.1 1.2

State and local, excluding education

241 288 320 2.6 3.1 3.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

847 1,041 906 3.1 3.7 3.2

South

1,912 2,069 1,941 3.5 3.8 3.5

Midwest

1,095 1,267 1,184 3.3 3.7 3.5

West

1,043 1,303 1,215 3.1 3.8 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

4,873 5,438 4,850 3.4 3.7 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,599 5,119 4,563 3.8 4.2 3.7

Mining and logging

17 34 27 2.2 4.9 3.9

Construction

261 335 260 3.9 4.9 3.8

Manufacturing

229 279 225 1.9 2.3 1.8

Durable goods

125 156 133 1.6 2.0 1.7

Nondurable goods

104 122 92 2.3 2.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,407 1,328 1,318 5.1 4.8 4.7

Wholesale trade

100 132 96 1.7 2.2 1.6

Retail trade

1,055 938 907 6.5 5.9 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

251 258 315 4.6 4.7 5.6

Information

68 79 65 2.5 2.8 2.3

Financial activities

185 184 149 2.3 2.2 1.8

Finance and insurance

122 114 97 2.0 1.8 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

63 70 52 3.0 3.3 2.4

Professional and business services

946 1,103 963 4.7 5.4 4.7

Education and health services

528 695 524 2.3 3.0 2.3

Educational services

63 71 51 1.7 1.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance

465 624 473 2.5 3.2 2.4

Leisure and hospitality

812 910 869 5.4 5.9 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

91 118 102 4.5 5.4 4.9

Accommodation and food services

720 791 767 5.5 5.9 5.8

Other services

146 173 164 2.6 3.0 2.9

Government

274 319 287 1.2 1.4 1.3

Federal

55 40 52 2.0 1.4 1.9

State and local

218 279 235 1.1 1.4 1.2

State and local education

105 122 99 1.0 1.1 0.9

State and local, excluding education

114 156 136 1.3 1.7 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

781 910 785 2.9 3.4 2.9

South

1,836 2,173 1,855 3.5 4.1 3.5

Midwest

1,109 1,154 1,095 3.4 3.5 3.4

West

1,146 1,201 1,116 3.5 3.6 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

4,300 5,149 4,395 3.0 3.5 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,070 4,855 4,154 3.3 3.9 3.4

Mining and logging

31 34 25 4.0 4.9 3.5

Construction

295 346 317 4.4 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing

234 287 236 1.9 2.3 1.9

Durable goods

134 156 135 1.7 2.0 1.8

Nondurable goods

99 131 102 2.2 2.8 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

897 1,047 913 3.3 3.8 3.3

Wholesale trade

107 136 111 1.8 2.3 1.9

Retail trade

642 716 607 4.0 4.5 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

148 195 194 2.7 3.5 3.5

Information

71 74 63 2.6 2.6 2.3

Financial activities

161 160 136 2.0 1.9 1.6

Finance and insurance

107 95 95 1.8 1.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

54 65 42 2.6 3.0 1.9

Professional and business services

909 1,065 908 4.5 5.2 4.4

Education and health services

469 583 471 2.1 2.5 2.0

Educational services

56 49 39 1.5 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance

413 534 432 2.2 2.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

855 1,085 916 5.7 7.0 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

143 189 144 7.0 8.6 6.9

Accommodation and food services

712 896 772 5.5 6.7 5.8

Other services

148 175 169 2.6 3.1 3.0

Government

230 293 241 1.0 1.3 1.1

Federal

36 34 33 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local

194 259 208 1.0 1.3 1.0

State and local education

73 83 71 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding education

120 176 137 1.3 1.9 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

695 805 723 2.6 3.0 2.7

South

1,626 1,995 1,646 3.1 3.8 3.1

Midwest

1,022 1,162 990 3.2 3.6 3.0

West

958 1,186 1,036 2.9 3.6 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

2,356 3,169 2,553 1.6 2.2 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,247 3,028 2,440 1.8 2.5 2.0

Mining and logging

15 15 13 2.0 2.1 1.9

Construction

97 142 122 1.5 2.1 1.8

Manufacturing

111 166 120 0.9 1.3 1.0

Durable goods

55 88 69 0.7 1.2 0.9

Nondurable goods

56 77 51 1.2 1.7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

529 716 582 1.9 2.6 2.1

Wholesale trade

54 82 73 0.9 1.4 1.2

Retail trade

397 512 390 2.5 3.2 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

77 122 119 1.4 2.2 2.1

Information

36 42 32 1.3 1.5 1.1

Financial activities

69 92 65 0.8 1.1 0.8

Finance and insurance

45 66 47 0.7 1.1 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

24 27 18 1.1 1.2 0.9

Professional and business services

444 643 517 2.2 3.1 2.5

Education and health services

318 401 311 1.4 1.7 1.3

Educational services

33 31 27 0.9 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance

285 371 284 1.5 1.9 1.5

Leisure and hospitality

536 704 599 3.6 4.5 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

38 71 55 1.9 3.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services

498 633 544 3.8 4.7 4.1

Other services

91 108 80 1.6 1.9 1.4

Government

108 141 112 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal

11 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

98 129 100 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local education

41 51 44 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding education

57 78 56 0.6 0.9 0.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

318 439 370 1.2 1.6 1.4

South

925 1,238 1,023 1.8 2.3 1.9

Midwest

581 729 581 1.8 2.2 1.8

West

531 764 579 1.6 2.3 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

1,624 1,634 1,563 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,546 1,528 1,472 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging

12 13 9 1.5 1.9 1.3

Construction

192 190 184 2.9 2.8 2.7

Manufacturing

108 100 99 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods

69 53 54 0.9 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods

39 47 45 0.8 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

273 235 278 1.0 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade

45 35 32 0.8 0.6 0.5

Retail trade

172 141 180 1.1 0.9 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

56 58 66 1.0 1.1 1.2

Information

29 19 20 1.1 0.7 0.7

Financial activities

53 53 49 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance

26 19 26 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

27 35 23 1.3 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services

415 365 345 2.1 1.8 1.7

Education and health services

115 147 124 0.5 0.6 0.5

Educational services

18 15 10 0.5 0.4 0.3

Health care and social assistance

97 132 114 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

296 350 283 2.0 2.3 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

100 116 86 4.9 5.3 4.1

Accommodation and food services

196 234 197 1.5 1.8 1.5

Other services

53 56 82 0.9 1.0 1.4

Government

78 105 91 0.3 0.5 0.4

Federal

11 11 14 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local

68 94 78 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local education

22 20 17 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

46 75 61 0.5 0.8 0.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

332 305 304 1.2 1.1 1.1

South

546 621 511 1.0 1.2 1.0

Midwest

377 357 357 1.2 1.1 1.1

West

370 351 391 1.1 1.1 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)
Nov.
2015
Oct.
2016
Nov.
2016(p)

Total

320 346 279 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

277 299 242 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

3 6 3 0.4 0.9 0.4

Construction

6 14 11 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

15 21 18 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods

10 14 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

5 7 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

95 96 52 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

8 19 7 0.1 0.3 0.1

Retail trade

72 62 37 0.4 0.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

15 15 9 0.3 0.3 0.2

Information

5 12 11 0.2 0.4 0.4

Financial activities

39 14 22 0.5 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

35 11 22 0.6 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

4 3 1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services

50 57 46 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services

36 35 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

5 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance

31 32 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

23 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

5 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services

18 30 31 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services

4 11 8 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government

43 47 37 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal

15 11 7 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local

28 36 30 0.1 0.2 0.2

State and local education

11 12 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

17 24 20 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

46 61 49 0.2 0.2 0.2

South

154 136 112 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest

64 76 52 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

57 71 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: January 10, 2017