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Economic News Release
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State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release



For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 29, 2022	USDL-22-1351
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			   STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2022

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states, increased in 6 states, and were little changed in 32 states and 
the District of Columbia on the last business day of April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Hires rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states and the 
District of Columbia. Total separations rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 5 states, and were little 
changed in 36 states and the District of Columbia. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased in April 
while hires and total separations rates showed little to no change. (See tables A-E.)

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. The 
release also includes 2021 annual estimates for hires and separations.

Job Openings

In April, job openings rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 6 states. The largest decreases in job 
openings rates occurred in Pennsylvania (-1.9 percentage points) and Kentucky (-1.4 points), as well as 
Alaska and South Carolina (-1.3 points each). The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in 
Wisconsin (+0.9 percentage point) and in Iowa, Kansas, and South Dakota (+0.7 point each). Over the 
month, the national job openings rate decreased (-0.3 percentage point). (See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 16 states and increased in 7 states in April. The largest 
decreases in the job openings level occurred in Pennsylvania (-130,000), California (-73,000), and 
Florida (-53,000). The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in Illinois (+34,000), 
Wisconsin (+32,000), and Iowa (+14,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased over the 
month (-455,000). (See table A.)

Hires

In April, hires rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 2 states. The decreases in hires rates occurred 
in Michigan (-0.8 percentage point), Arkansas (-0.7 point), and Pennsylvania (-0.5 point). Increases in 
hires rates occurred in Colorado (+0.8 percentage point) and in California (+0.4 point). The national 
hires rate was unchanged. (See table B.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states and decreased in 4 states in April. The largest increases 
occurred in California (+67,000), Colorado (+22,000), and Nevada (+12,000). The largest decreases 
occurred in Michigan (-33,000), Pennsylvania (-29,000), and Kentucky (-13,000). Nationally, the 
number of hires was little changed over the month. (See table B.)

Total Separations

In April, total separations rates decreased in 9 states and increased in 5 states. The largest decreases 
occurred in Arizona and Florida (-1.1 percentage points each) and in Utah and Vermont (-1.0 point 
each). The largest total separations rate increases occurred in Missouri (+1.1 percentage points) and in 
Iowa and North Dakota (+0.7 point each). The national total separations rate was little changed over the 
month. (See table C.)

The number of total separations decreased in 8 states in April and increased in 3 states. The largest 
decreases in the total separations level occurred in Florida (-101,000), Texas (-57,000), and California 	
(-56,000). Increases in the total separations level occurred in Missouri (+31,000), Massachusetts 
(+18,000), and Iowa (+11,000). Nationally, the number of total separations was little changed in April. 
(See table C.)
 
Quits

In April, quits rates decreased in 10 states and increased in 4 states. The largest decreases in quits rates 
occurred in Utah and Wyoming (-1.1 percentage points each) and in Arizona (-1.0 point). The largest 
increases in quits rates occurred in Missouri (+1.1 percentage points), North Dakota (+0.7 point), and 
Michigan (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table D.)

The number of quits decreased in 10 states and increased in 6 states in April. The largest decreases in 
the quits level occurred in Florida (-50,000), Texas (-36,000), and Arizona (-31,000). The largest 
increases in the quits level occurred in Missouri (+32,000), Michigan (+18,000), and Georgia (+17,000). 
Nationally, the number of quits was little changed over the month. (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In April, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 5 states and increased in 2 states. The largest 
decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Georgia and New Jersey (-0.5 percentage point 
each) and in Florida (-0.4 point). The increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Minnesota 
(+0.3 percentage point) and in New York (+0.2 point). The national layoffs and discharges rate was little 
changed. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states in April. The largest decreases in layoffs 
and discharges occurred in California (-53,000), Florida (-42,000), and Texas (-37,000). Nationally, the 
number of layoffs and discharges edged down over the month (-170,000). (See table E.)

Annual Levels and Rates 

Annual estimates for state data series are published concurrently with the state annual revisions. 
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual levels for hires, 
total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges, are the sum of the 12 revised monthly levels. Annual 
rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual 
average employment level and multiplying that quotient by 100. Annual estimates are not calculated for 
job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day 
of each month.

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for May 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, July 20, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			   Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates					    |
|													    |
|Job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges have been revised to incorporate | 
|2021 benchmark updates to the Current Employment Statistics state employment estimates, Quarterly 	    |	
|Census of Employment and Wages updates through third quarter 2021, Job Openings and Labor 		    |
|Turnover Survey (JOLTS) national and regional estimates, and 2022 JOLTS state seasonal adjustment 	    |
|factors. Revision tables will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following this release at |
|www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata.htm.									    |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Mar 2022 to Apr 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Mar   |   Apr  | Over-the-month |   Mar  |   Apr  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............|11,855  |11,400  |     -455       |   7.3  |   7.0  |     -0.3        
Alaska.................|    34  |    29  |       -5       |   9.7  |   8.4  |     -1.3
Arizona................|   259  |   222  |      -37       |   7.9  |   6.8  |     -1.1
California.............|  1298  |  1225  |      -73       |   6.9  |   6.6  |     -0.3
Connecticut............|   115  |   105  |      -10       |   6.5  |   6.0  |     -0.5
Florida................|   765  |   712  |      -53       |   7.7  |   7.1  |     -0.6
Hawaii.................|    45  |    50  |        5       |   7.0  |   7.6  |      0.6*
Idaho..................|    61  |    56  |       -5       |   7.0  |   6.4  |     -0.6*
Illinois...............|   489  |   523  |       34       |   7.5  |   8.0  |      0.5
Iowa...................|   117  |   131  |       14       |   7.0  |   7.7  |      0.7
Kansas.................|    99  |   109  |       10       |   6.6  |   7.3  |      0.7
Kentucky...............|   213  |   180  |      -33       |   9.9  |   8.5  |     -1.4
Mississippi............|    91  |    82  |       -9       |   7.3  |   6.6  |     -0.7
Nebraska...............|    79  |    86  |        7       |   7.1  |   7.7  |      0.6
North Carolina.........|   424  |   401  |      -23       |   8.2  |   7.8  |     -0.4*
Oklahoma...............|   148  |   129  |      -19       |   8.1  |   7.1  |     -1.0
Oregon.................|   158  |   144  |      -14       |   7.5  |   6.9  |     -0.6*
Pennsylvania...........|   514  |   384  |     -130       |   8.0  |   6.1  |     -1.9
South Carolina.........|   209  |   175  |      -34       |   8.7  |   7.4  |     -1.3
South Dakota...........|    34  |    38  |        4       |   7.1  |   7.8  |      0.7
Texas..................|  1003  |   955  |      -48       |   7.1  |   6.7  |     -0.4*
Utah...................|   123  |   106  |      -17       |   6.9  |   6.0  |     -0.9
Washington.............|   244  |   221  |      -23       |   6.6  |   6.0  |     -0.6
Wisconsin..............|   221  |   253  |       32       |   7.0  |   7.9  |      0.9
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.

   
Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Mar 2022 to Apr 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Mar   |   Apr  | Over-the-month |   Mar  |   Apr  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,645  | 6,586  |      -59       |   4.4  |   4.4  |      0.0        
Arkansas...............|    73  |    64  |       -9       |   5.6  |   4.9  |     -0.7
California.............|   631  |   698  |       67       |   3.6  |   4.0  |      0.4
Colorado...............|   134  |   156  |       22       |   4.7  |   5.5  |      0.8
Kentucky...............|   123  |   110  |      -13       |   6.3  |   5.7  |     -0.6*
Michigan...............|   202  |   169  |      -33       |   4.7  |   3.9  |     -0.8
Nevada.................|    69  |    81  |       12       |   4.8  |   5.6  |      0.8*
New Hampshire..........|    28  |    33  |        5       |   4.1  |   4.8  |      0.7*
Pennsylvania...........|   199  |   170  |      -29       |   3.4  |   2.9  |     -0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Mar 2022 to Apr 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Mar   |   Apr  | Over-the-month |   Mar  |   Apr  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,248  | 6,033  |     -215       |   4.1  |   4.0  |     -0.1        
Alaska.................|    22  |    19  |       -3       |   6.9  |   6.0  |     -0.9
Arizona................|   158  |   124  |      -34       |   5.2  |   4.1  |     -1.1
California.............|   656  |   600  |      -56       |   3.8  |   3.4  |     -0.4
Florida................|   519  |   418  |     -101       |   5.6  |   4.5  |     -1.1
Iowa...................|    57  |    68  |       11       |   3.6  |   4.3  |      0.7
Massachusetts..........|   100  |   118  |       18       |   2.7  |   3.2  |      0.5
Missouri...............|    99  |   130  |       31       |   3.4  |   4.5  |      1.1
New Jersey.............|   185  |   155  |      -30       |   4.4  |   3.7  |     -0.7
New York...............|   269  |   298  |       29*      |   2.9  |   3.2  |      0.3
North Carolina.........|   241  |   218  |      -23*      |   5.1  |   4.6  |     -0.5
North Dakota...........|    17  |    20  |        3*      |   4.0  |   4.7  |      0.7
Texas..................|   584  |   527  |      -57       |   4.4  |   4.0  |     -0.4
Utah...................|    81  |    64  |      -17       |   4.9  |   3.9  |     -1.0
Vermont................|    14  |    11  |       -3       |   4.7  |   3.7  |     -1.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Mar 2022 to Apr 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Mar   |   Apr  | Over-the-month |   Mar  |   Apr  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 4,449  | 4,424  |      -25       |   2.9  |   2.9  |      0.0        
Alaska.................|    17  |    15  |       -2       |   5.4  |   4.7  |     -0.7
Arizona................|   130  |    99  |      -31       |   4.3  |   3.3  |     -1.0
Florida................|   383  |   333  |      -50       |   4.1  |   3.6  |     -0.5
Georgia................|   168  |   185  |       17       |   3.5  |   3.9  |      0.4
Iowa...................|    42  |    49  |        7       |   2.7  |   3.1  |      0.4*
Kentucky...............|    70  |    78  |        8       |   3.6  |   4.0  |      0.4*
Michigan...............|   110  |   128  |       18       |   2.5  |   3.0  |      0.5
Missouri...............|    70  |   102  |       32       |   2.4  |   3.5  |      1.1
Montana................|    20  |    18  |       -2*      |   4.0  |   3.5  |     -0.5
Nevada.................|    47  |    40  |       -7       |   3.3  |   2.8  |     -0.5
North Dakota...........|    11  |    14  |        3       |   2.6  |   3.3  |      0.7
Pennsylvania...........|   131  |   111  |      -20       |   2.2  |   1.9  |     -0.3
Texas..................|   439  |   403  |      -36       |   3.3  |   3.0  |     -0.3
Utah...................|    66  |    49  |      -17       |   4.0  |   2.9  |     -1.1
Vermont................|     9  |     7  |       -2       |   3.0  |   2.3  |     -0.7
Washington.............|   106  |    95  |      -11       |   3.0  |   2.7  |     -0.3*
Wyoming................|    13  |    10  |       -3       |   4.6  |   3.5  |     -1.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Mar 2022 to Apr 2022, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Mar   |   Apr  | Over-the-month |   Mar  |   Apr  | Over-the-month
                       |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2022  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 1,416  | 1,246  |     -170       |   0.9  |   0.8  |     -0.1        
California.............|   164  |   111  |      -53       |   0.9  |   0.6  |     -0.3
Florida................|   104  |    62  |      -42       |   1.1  |   0.7  |     -0.4
Georgia................|    77  |    54  |      -23       |   1.6  |   1.1  |     -0.5
Minnesota..............|    21  |    28  |        7*      |   0.7  |   1.0  |      0.3
New Jersey.............|    60  |    39  |      -21       |   1.4  |   0.9  |     -0.5
New York...............|    67  |    88  |       21*      |   0.7  |   0.9  |      0.2
Texas..................|   123  |    86  |      -37       |   0.9  |   0.6  |     -0.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program 
provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and separations. 
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government 
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American 
Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State). Shared definitions and procedures for National and State JOLTS Estimates 
can be found at: www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm.

Data Element Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Total Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from other separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary 
help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The other separations component is 
not published for states due to its comparatively high error, and because it comprises less than 8% of total 
separations. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying 
that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample based state estimates. 
However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based estimates. 

These estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model, the Synthetic model, the 
Composite Synthetic model, and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS 
microdata, JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite 
Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in 
microdata from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic by the 
ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate from one year ago. 

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Composite Regional model) is used to extend 
the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Synthetic 
model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The current model uses the Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS re-tabulation 
process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional model estimates 
will ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends. 

The Composite Regional model calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample weights, and 
the adjustments for non-response (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 
employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 
sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a number of state-supersector cells 
that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates derived 
directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of respondents is low 
(that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate which leverages the small JOLTS sample 
to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-supersector 
cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-based component, 
in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 
respondents an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-based estimate 
and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in those cells is 
proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of respondents). 

Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 
These state estimates are published as a historical series comprised of an historical annually 
revised benchmark component for the Composite Synthetic model and a current component Extended Composite Synthetic 
model which provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology 
is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 
including current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
over-the-month employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state implied employment trends 
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the 
JOLTS data.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a sample is 
surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted 
at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that 
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available on the JOLTS Median Standard Errors page: 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons including: 
the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; 
errors made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in 
estimation.

The JOLTS State variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A small 
area domain model uses a Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State variance. The small area model uses QCEW-
based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution using 
JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the State and US Census Regional level to generate a Bayesian 
posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 
estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian approach thus 
indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

Detailed information the JOLTS State methodology can be found at:   

www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.




Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

9,265 11,283 11,344 11,855 11,400 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.0


Alabama

132 151 152 152 162 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.3

Alaska

25 33 34 34 29 7.5 9.4 9.7 9.7 8.4

Arizona

199 236 237 259 222 6.4 7.2 7.2 7.9 6.8

Arkansas

79 92 89 102 95 5.8 6.6 6.4 7.2 6.8

California

905 1,148 1,299 1,298 1,225 5.2 6.3 7.0 6.9 6.6

Colorado

187 236 203 217 221 6.4 7.7 6.7 7.1 7.2

Connecticut

94 108 112 115 105 5.5 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.0

Delaware

30 36 33 37 34 6.3 7.4 6.8 7.5 6.9

District of Columbia

43 45 43 47 48 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.9

Florida

515 704 688 765 712 5.5 7.1 6.9 7.7 7.1

Georgia

338 394 432 419 419 7.0 7.7 8.4 8.1 8.1

Hawaii

40 48 47 45 50 6.5 7.4 7.3 7.0 7.6

Idaho

49 63 67 61 56 5.8 7.2 7.6 7.0 6.4

Illinois

337 484 472 489 523 5.5 7.5 7.3 7.5 8.0

Indiana

201 257 231 239 251 6.2 7.5 6.8 7.0 7.3

Iowa

94 123 115 117 131 5.8 7.3 6.8 7.0 7.7

Kansas

78 97 98 99 109 5.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 7.3

Kentucky

162 158 158 213 180 7.9 7.6 7.5 9.9 8.5

Louisiana

114 143 146 149 152 5.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.4

Maine

43 54 50 50 48 6.5 7.9 7.3 7.3 7.0

Maryland

232 212 201 223 221 8.1 7.3 6.9 7.6 7.6

Massachusetts

206 270 313 304 308 5.6 7.0 7.9 7.7 7.8

Michigan

338 357 355 350 356 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6

Minnesota

169 260 231 239 237 5.6 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.5

Mississippi

76 84 88 91 82 6.3 6.8 7.0 7.3 6.6

Missouri

173 229 215 226 222 5.8 7.3 6.9 7.2 7.1

Montana

35 45 47 46 43 6.7 8.2 8.5 8.3 7.8

Nebraska

61 84 70 79 86 5.7 7.7 6.4 7.1 7.7

Nevada

96 113 123 112 111 6.7 7.3 7.9 7.2 7.1

New Hampshire

47 61 62 58 55 6.7 8.3 8.4 7.9 7.4

New Jersey

272 299 278 282 281 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.3 6.3

New Mexico

56 67 70 70 67 6.5 7.4 7.7 7.6 7.3

New York

524 591 605 588 573 5.5 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.7

North Carolina

314 352 374 424 401 6.5 7.0 7.4 8.2 7.8

North Dakota

27 34 32 34 36 6.1 7.4 7.0 7.4 7.8

Ohio

322 388 405 407 406 5.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9

Oklahoma

110 119 118 148 129 6.3 6.7 6.6 8.1 7.1

Oregon

123 151 156 158 144 6.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 6.9

Pennsylvania

403 506 426 514 384 6.6 8.0 6.7 8.0 6.1

Rhode Island

36 39 39 43 42 7.0 7.4 7.4 8.0 7.8

South Carolina

150 181 184 209 175 6.6 7.7 7.7 8.7 7.4

South Dakota

32 37 34 34 38 6.8 7.7 7.1 7.1 7.8

Tennessee

207 258 261 265 267 6.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7

Texas

771 940 929 1,003 955 5.8 6.7 6.6 7.1 6.7

Utah

89 124 120 123 106 5.3 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.0

Vermont

24 24 25 26 26 7.5 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.0

Virginia

264 310 305 340 321 6.3 7.2 7.1 7.8 7.4

Washington

184 221 253 244 221 5.2 6.0 6.8 6.6 6.0

West Virginia

52 57 61 61 58 7.1 7.6 8.0 8.0 7.6

Wisconsin

189 237 229 221 253 6.2 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.9

Wyoming

19 24 26 25 23 6.4 7.8 8.3 8.1 7.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,121 6,426 6,832 6,645 6,586 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4


Alabama

88 106 109 106 108 4.3 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2

Alaska

17 19 20 21 22 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9

Arizona

137 156 151 157 151 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0

Arkansas

56 63 61 73 64 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.6 4.9

California

636 638 689 631 698 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.6 4.0

Colorado

127 153 148 134 156 4.7 5.4 5.2 4.7 5.5

Connecticut

65 59 61 58 59 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6

Delaware

21 27 26 24 23 4.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.0

District of Columbia

22 22 26 27 29 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.8

Florida

394 391 428 468 433 4.5 4.3 4.6 5.1 4.7

Georgia

249 266 315 275 271 5.5 5.7 6.7 5.8 5.7

Hawaii

29 30 31 31 35 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.8

Idaho

36 43 49 42 43 4.6 5.3 6.0 5.2 5.3

Illinois

243 254 261 263 253 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2

Indiana

134 154 142 148 139 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.4

Iowa

67 61 57 65 62 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.0

Kansas

52 49 45 53 52 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.8 3.7

Kentucky

104 112 106 123 110 5.5 5.8 5.5 6.3 5.7

Louisiana

81 98 98 99 89 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.7

Maine

26 28 29 27 25 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.2 3.9

Maryland

86 99 116 124 123 3.3 3.7 4.3 4.6 4.5

Massachusetts

128 167 147 126 139 3.7 4.6 4.0 3.5 3.8

Michigan

228 182 187 202 169 5.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.9

Minnesota

99 106 110 108 104 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

Mississippi

52 55 57 57 58 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0

Missouri

110 95 92 105 110 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.8

Montana

26 28 31 29 30 5.3 5.6 6.1 5.7 5.9

Nebraska

41 42 38 43 41 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.0

Nevada

66 71 72 69 81 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.6

New Hampshire

32 33 32 28 33 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.1 4.8

New Jersey

159 167 169 178 169 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.0

New Mexico

35 39 42 40 41 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.8

New York

327 310 338 309 303 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.2

North Carolina

209 273 271 250 239 4.6 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.1

North Dakota

22 19 18 19 19 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.5

Ohio

226 219 211 211 206 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

Oklahoma

70 84 91 95 101 4.3 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0

Oregon

80 84 92 93 92 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.7

Pennsylvania

203 205 242 199 170 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.4 2.9

Rhode Island

21 23 24 23 22 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.4

South Carolina

87 114 120 120 113 4.1 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.1

South Dakota

20 19 19 20 18 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.0

Tennessee

121 162 164 159 158 3.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9

Texas

570 536 663 605 635 4.5 4.1 5.0 4.6 4.8

Utah

68 81 84 82 77 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.6

Vermont

14 14 15 14 14 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.7

Virginia

160 169 194 197 206 4.1 4.2 4.8 4.9 5.1

Washington

124 133 158 148 140 3.7 3.9 4.6 4.3 4.0

West Virginia

31 34 40 35 33 4.5 4.9 5.7 5.0 4.7

Wisconsin

109 118 125 115 104 3.8 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.5

Wyoming

14 15 18 17 17 5.0 5.3 6.3 6.0 5.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,753 6,044 6,082 6,248 6,033 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0


Alabama

93 97 91 101 102 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.9

Alaska

18 22 23 22 19 5.8 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.0

Arizona

139 155 137 158 124 4.7 5.1 4.5 5.2 4.1

Arkansas

61 57 63 61 62 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.7

California

569 667 682 656 600 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.4

Colorado

97 138 137 134 130 3.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6

Connecticut

50 56 60 53 57 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.5

Delaware

20 21 20 21 21 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6

District of Columbia

20 23 24 24 26 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.4

Florida

321 363 409 519 418 3.7 4.0 4.4 5.6 4.5

Georgia

252 246 245 263 260 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5

Hawaii

20 23 23 22 20 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.3

Idaho

39 43 38 37 38 4.9 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.7

Illinois

270 199 234 232 237 4.7 3.3 3.9 3.9 3.9

Indiana

139 140 146 144 143 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5

Iowa

58 65 60 57 68 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.3

Kansas

51 47 55 48 55 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.9

Kentucky

100 96 97 100 111 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.7

Louisiana

81 85 80 87 84 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.4

Maine

23 24 24 24 24 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Maryland

81 94 105 103 106 3.1 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.9

Massachusetts

118 112 111 100 118 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.2

Michigan

175 181 141 158 166 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.7 3.8

Minnesota

87 91 95 99 106 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6

Mississippi

66 57 69 57 57 5.9 4.9 5.9 4.9 4.9

Missouri

122 117 113 99 130 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.4 4.5

Montana

26 26 28 26 25 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.9

Nebraska

38 41 40 40 45 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.4

Nevada

56 69 65 62 52 4.2 4.8 4.5 4.3 3.6

New Hampshire

28 30 34 29 28 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.3 4.1

New Jersey

137 147 165 185 155 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.4 3.7

New Mexico

35 36 33 32 34 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.0

New York

245 271 297 269 298 2.7 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.2

North Carolina

216 202 229 241 218 4.8 4.3 4.9 5.1 4.6

North Dakota

19 19 18 17 20 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.7

Ohio

201 234 237 196 198 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.6

Oklahoma

82 72 77 74 82 5.0 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.9

Oregon

91 82 81 79 74 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.8

Pennsylvania

199 207 179 181 162 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 2.7

Rhode Island

20 19 20 21 20 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.0

South Carolina

106 104 105 115 118 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.4

South Dakota

17 18 17 17 17 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8

Tennessee

152 154 154 154 160 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0

Texas

512 546 514 584 527 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.0

Utah

68 76 67 81 64 4.2 4.6 4.1 4.9 3.9

Vermont

11 14 14 14 11 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.7

Virginia

158 162 142 160 159 4.0 4.1 3.5 4.0 3.9

Washington

120 145 125 132 122 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.5

West Virginia

34 32 29 33 33 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.7

Wisconsin

99 102 113 111 112 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8

Wyoming

14 16 17 16 14 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.6 4.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,015 4,258 4,384 4,449 4,424 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9


Alabama

66 69 66 69 72 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5

Alaska

12 16 18 17 15 3.9 5.0 5.7 5.4 4.7

Arizona

110 111 103 130 99 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.3 3.3

Arkansas

46 40 45 43 44 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4

California

396 469 499 456 465 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7

Colorado

73 96 96 100 97 2.7 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4

Connecticut

30 38 39 34 39 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.4

Delaware

14 15 14 15 15 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.3

District of Columbia

13 16 17 16 17 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Florida

248 262 316 383 333 2.8 2.9 3.4 4.1 3.6

Georgia

181 171 186 168 185 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.9

Hawaii

14 17 18 17 15 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5

Idaho

29 28 28 29 29 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6

Illinois

163 148 162 167 172 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9

Indiana

98 107 117 110 114 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.6

Iowa

41 43 45 42 49 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.1

Kansas

36 35 37 36 41 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.9

Kentucky

74 67 72 70 78 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.0

Louisiana

55 62 55 63 63 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3

Maine

14 16 17 16 17 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7

Maryland

58 70 61 68 74 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.7

Massachusetts

71 76 81 72 81 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.2

Michigan

127 144 110 110 128 3.1 3.3 2.5 2.5 3.0

Minnesota

61 64 72 72 72 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5

Mississippi

50 43 39 38 41 4.4 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.5

Missouri

84 74 80 70 102 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.4 3.5

Montana

19 18 19 20 18 3.9 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.5

Nebraska

25 29 29 30 34 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.3

Nevada

38 44 49 47 40 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.3 2.8

New Hampshire

18 18 21 17 20 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.9

New Jersey

85 102 112 111 108 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6

New Mexico

24 25 24 25 26 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1

New York

147 174 187 181 191 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0

North Carolina

155 130 158 154 148 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.1

North Dakota

12 14 13 11 14 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.6 3.3

Ohio

146 153 181 145 139 2.7 2.8 3.3 2.7 2.5

Oklahoma

59 52 54 53 59 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5

Oregon

53 57 58 58 56 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9

Pennsylvania

132 134 123 131 111 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9

Rhode Island

12 12 13 14 14 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8

South Carolina

82 80 80 86 86 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.9

South Dakota

13 13 13 13 12 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7

Tennessee

109 109 108 102 113 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

Texas

364 418 396 439 403 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.0

Utah

51 51 48 66 49 3.2 3.1 2.9 4.0 2.9

Vermont

6 9 9 9 7 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.3

Virginia

118 119 97 105 114 3.0 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8

Washington

76 88 83 106 95 2.3 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.7

West Virginia

25 24 20 23 23 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.3

Wisconsin

72 74 83 79 80 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.7

Wyoming

10 11 12 13 10 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,384 1,403 1,354 1,416 1,246 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8


Alabama

19 23 20 24 24 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2

Alaska

4 4 4 4 3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9

Arizona

24 33 27 21 18 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6

Arkansas

12 13 14 15 14 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

California

129 166 149 164 111 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6

Colorado

17 28 34 27 25 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9

Connecticut

18 14 17 15 13 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Delaware

5 5 5 5 4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9

District of Columbia

6 6 6 6 6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Florida

59 83 68 104 62 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.7

Georgia

57 56 45 77 54 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.1

Hawaii

5 4 4 4 4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Idaho

8 11 8 6 7 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.9

Illinois

94 50 63 55 49 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Indiana

33 22 26 26 22 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7

Iowa

13 19 13 11 13 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.8

Kansas

11 9 14 9 10 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.7

Kentucky

20 25 20 24 25 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3

Louisiana

21 17 20 18 16 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Maine

8 6 5 6 5 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Maryland

18 17 37 28 25 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.9

Massachusetts

42 29 26 21 30 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8

Michigan

37 31 26 33 29 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7

Minnesota

21 21 20 21 28 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0

Mississippi

13 11 22 16 12 1.2 0.9 1.9 1.4 1.0

Missouri

34 21 28 21 23 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8

Montana

6 6 7 5 5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0

Nebraska

10 9 9 7 9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9

Nevada

16 21 13 12 10 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.7

New Hampshire

7 9 7 8 6 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.9

New Jersey

43 26 38 60 39 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.9

New Mexico

8 8 7 6 6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

New York

72 75 91 67 88 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9

North Carolina

47 52 59 65 60 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3

North Dakota

5 5 4 5 5 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2

Ohio

46 70 38 40 47 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.9

Oklahoma

19 16 18 16 17 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Oregon

31 19 19 17 15 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

Pennsylvania

54 62 42 34 41 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.7

Rhode Island

7 5 6 5 5 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0

South Carolina

20 19 20 23 26 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2

South Dakota

4 4 3 3 3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7

Tennessee

37 37 38 43 37 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

Texas

115 100 96 123 86 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6

Utah

14 19 15 13 12 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Vermont

4 4 3 4 3 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.0

Virginia

29 34 37 42 38 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9

Washington

35 49 31 20 21 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.6

West Virginia

7 7 6 7 8 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1

Wisconsin

21 22 25 25 26 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wyoming

3 3 3 3 3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

9,804 11,737 11,981 6.4 7.3 7.4


Alabama

144 151 177 6.6 6.8 7.9

Alaska

25 29 29 7.7 8.7 8.4

Arizona

202 240 222 6.4 7.3 6.8

Arkansas

83 110 100 6.1 7.8 7.1

California

964 1,277 1,300 5.5 6.9 6.9

Colorado

195 219 229 6.7 7.2 7.5

Connecticut

100 105 109 5.9 6.1 6.2

Delaware

34 34 38 7.1 7.1 7.8

District of Columbia

46 46 51 5.9 5.8 6.3

Florida

552 765 752 5.9 7.6 7.5

Georgia

358 425 437 7.4 8.2 8.4

Hawaii

41 45 51 6.6 6.9 7.8

Idaho

56 60 63 6.6 7.0 7.2

Illinois

350 483 551 5.7 7.5 8.4

Indiana

218 237 270 6.7 7.0 7.9

Iowa

107 117 149 6.5 7.0 8.7

Kansas

81 101 112 5.6 6.8 7.4

Kentucky

167 217 186 8.1 10.1 8.7

Louisiana

122 152 162 6.1 7.4 7.8

Maine

43 43 46 6.5 6.5 6.9

Maryland

234 243 223 8.2 8.3 7.6

Massachusetts

219 297 319 5.9 7.7 8.0

Michigan

343 345 363 7.7 7.5 7.8

Minnesota

184 232 262 6.1 7.5 8.3

Mississippi

80 95 86 6.6 7.6 6.9

Missouri

184 235 233 6.1 7.5 7.4

Montana

38 42 46 7.2 7.8 8.3

Nebraska

61 78 86 5.7 7.1 7.8

Nevada

98 115 112 6.8 7.4 7.2

New Hampshire

48 53 54 6.8 7.2 7.4

New Jersey

271 265 273 6.4 6.0 6.1

New Mexico

60 67 71 6.9 7.3 7.7

New York

535 591 569 5.6 6.0 5.7

North Carolina

328 430 417 6.7 8.4 8.1

North Dakota

27 32 37 6.2 7.1 8.1

Ohio

335 416 418 5.9 7.1 7.1

Oklahoma

120 150 141 6.8 8.2 7.7

Oregon

125 158 146 6.3 7.6 7.0

Pennsylvania

419 500 397 6.8 7.9 6.3

Rhode Island

37 42 42 7.2 7.9 7.9

South Carolina

174 196 200 7.5 8.2 8.3

South Dakota

32 34 38 6.9 7.2 8.0

Tennessee

220 262 281 6.7 7.6 8.0

Texas

845 999 1,044 6.3 7.0 7.3

Utah

101 117 118 6.0 6.6 6.6

Vermont

24 23 26 7.5 7.1 8.0

Virginia

290 327 347 6.9 7.5 7.9

Washington

216 241 252 6.1 6.5 6.8

West Virginia

57 65 65 7.7 8.5 8.4

Wisconsin

194 211 259 6.3 6.8 8.2

Wyoming

18 20 22 6.3 6.7 7.2

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,389 6,047 6,846 4.4 4.0 4.5


Alabama

93 95 113 4.6 4.6 5.4

Alaska

17 15 21 5.5 5.0 6.9

Arizona

143 141 159 4.9 4.6 5.2

Arkansas

57 69 65 4.5 5.2 4.9

California

653 550 726 4.0 3.2 4.2

Colorado

130 121 163 4.8 4.3 5.7

Connecticut

80 56 71 5.0 3.5 4.3

Delaware

25 21 27 5.5 4.6 6.0

District of Columbia

23 23 30 3.1 3.0 3.9

Florida

366 453 396 4.1 4.9 4.2

Georgia

249 241 270 5.5 5.1 5.7

Hawaii

29 25 36 5.1 4.1 6.0

Idaho

38 37 45 4.8 4.5 5.6

Illinois

242 255 251 4.2 4.3 4.2

Indiana

143 134 146 4.7 4.2 4.6

Iowa

73 59 68 4.8 3.8 4.4

Kansas

50 49 49 3.6 3.6 3.5

Kentucky

112 115 118 6.0 6.0 6.1

Louisiana

84 93 92 4.5 4.9 4.8

Maine

29 19 27 4.8 3.1 4.3

Maryland

95 110 134 3.6 4.1 5.0

Massachusetts

134 106 144 3.9 3.0 4.0

Michigan

223 182 165 5.4 4.3 3.8

Minnesota

103 89 109 3.7 3.1 3.8

Mississippi

53 53 58 4.7 4.6 5.0

Missouri

117 104 117 4.1 3.6 4.0

Montana

28 23 33 5.7 4.7 6.5

Nebraska

42 40 42 4.2 3.9 4.1

Nevada

75 67 92 5.6 4.7 6.4

New Hampshire

34 23 34 5.2 3.4 5.0

New Jersey

161 164 168 4.1 4.0 4.0

New Mexico

40 35 47 4.9 4.2 5.6

New York

349 274 319 3.9 3.0 3.4

North Carolina

220 239 249 4.8 5.1 5.2

North Dakota

22 17 19 5.3 4.0 4.4

Ohio

239 198 219 4.5 3.7 4.0

Oklahoma

75 89 107 4.5 5.3 6.4

Oregon

84 86 97 4.5 4.4 5.0

Pennsylvania

245 198 201 4.3 3.4 3.4

Rhode Island

25 20 25 5.2 4.2 5.2

South Carolina

97 109 123 4.5 5.0 5.6

South Dakota

22 17 19 5.0 3.9 4.4

Tennessee

126 152 162 4.1 4.8 5.1

Texas

596 548 661 4.8 4.2 5.0

Utah

71 65 80 4.4 3.9 4.8

Vermont

14 11 14 4.9 3.6 4.8

Virginia

171 175 220 4.4 4.4 5.4

Washington

134 141 152 4.1 4.1 4.4

West Virginia

34 32 36 5.1 4.6 5.1

Wisconsin

115 101 108 4.0 3.5 3.7

Wyoming

14 12 17 5.1 4.1 5.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,740 5,562 6,025 4.0 3.7 4.0


Alabama

97 101 109 4.8 4.9 5.3

Alaska

14 15 15 4.7 5.0 4.7

Arizona

150 151 132 5.1 5.0 4.3

Arkansas

57 54 58 4.4 4.1 4.4

California

607 568 629 3.7 3.3 3.6

Colorado

106 112 137 3.9 4.0 4.8

Connecticut

48 41 54 3.0 2.5 3.3

Delaware

20 18 20 4.4 4.0 4.5

District of Columbia

20 22 27 2.8 2.9 3.5

Florida

334 496 436 3.8 5.3 4.7

Georgia

275 267 288 6.1 5.6 6.1

Hawaii

23 19 22 3.9 3.1 3.6

Idaho

39 31 37 5.0 3.9 4.6

Illinois

240 204 218 4.2 3.4 3.6

Indiana

142 123 148 4.6 3.9 4.7

Iowa

56 46 67 3.7 3.0 4.3

Kansas

46 41 50 3.3 2.9 3.6

Kentucky

94 89 105 5.0 4.6 5.4

Louisiana

81 84 85 4.3 4.4 4.5

Maine

22 18 23 3.5 2.8 3.6

Maryland

75 84 100 2.9 3.1 3.7

Massachusetts

103 83 107 3.0 2.3 2.9

Michigan

171 123 160 4.1 2.9 3.7

Minnesota

85 85 103 3.0 3.0 3.6

Mississippi

62 62 54 5.5 5.4 4.7

Missouri

114 91 123 4.0 3.1 4.2

Montana

25 20 24 5.2 4.1 4.7

Nebraska

35 34 43 3.5 3.3 4.2

Nevada

57 59 51 4.3 4.1 3.5

New Hampshire

27 25 28 4.2 3.7 4.1

New Jersey

122 147 141 3.1 3.6 3.4

New Mexico

35 28 34 4.4 3.3 4.0

New York

243 205 295 2.7 2.2 3.1

North Carolina

209 232 212 4.6 4.9 4.5

North Dakota

16 14 18 3.9 3.4 4.2

Ohio

191 164 185 3.6 3.0 3.4

Oklahoma

82 66 83 5.0 4.0 4.9

Oregon

90 66 71 4.8 3.4 3.7

Pennsylvania

188 143 152 3.3 2.4 2.6

Rhode Island

17 17 18 3.6 3.5 3.6

South Carolina

103 115 117 4.8 5.2 5.3

South Dakota

15 15 15 3.5 3.3 3.3

Tennessee

146 148 157 4.7 4.6 4.9

Texas

535 562 553 4.3 4.3 4.2

Utah

76 72 70 4.8 4.4 4.2

Vermont

13 12 12 4.3 3.9 4.2

Virginia

165 145 167 4.2 3.6 4.1

Washington

122 115 120 3.7 3.3 3.4

West Virginia

33 29 32 4.8 4.2 4.6

Wisconsin

98 91 109 3.4 3.2 3.7

Wyoming

15 12 14 5.4 4.4 4.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,076 4,052 4,530 2.8 2.7 3.0


Alabama

69 71 78 3.4 3.4 3.7

Alaska

10 12 11 3.2 3.9 3.6

Arizona

118 127 105 4.0 4.2 3.5

Arkansas

44 38 42 3.4 2.9 3.2

California

417 387 485 2.5 2.2 2.8

Colorado

74 84 96 2.7 3.0 3.4

Connecticut

31 29 40 1.9 1.8 2.5

Delaware

13 13 14 3.0 2.8 3.1

District of Columbia

13 14 17 1.8 1.9 2.2

Florida

268 382 364 3.0 4.1 3.9

Georgia

199 168 207 4.4 3.5 4.4

Hawaii

16 14 17 2.8 2.4 2.8

Idaho

29 25 28 3.7 3.1 3.5

Illinois

148 151 161 2.6 2.6 2.7

Indiana

102 95 121 3.3 3.0 3.8

Iowa

43 35 52 2.8 2.2 3.3

Kansas

33 31 39 2.4 2.2 2.8

Kentucky

71 63 75 3.8 3.3 3.9

Louisiana

56 62 64 3.0 3.2 3.4

Maine

14 12 17 2.2 1.9 2.7

Maryland

57 58 74 2.2 2.2 2.7

Massachusetts

67 63 78 1.9 1.8 2.1

Michigan

126 89 129 3.1 2.1 3.0

Minnesota

60 64 72 2.1 2.3 2.5

Mississippi

47 41 38 4.2 3.6 3.3

Missouri

77 64 96 2.7 2.2 3.3

Montana

18 16 18 3.7 3.1 3.5

Nebraska

25 26 34 2.4 2.6 3.3

Nevada

38 46 39 2.8 3.2 2.7

New Hampshire

19 15 20 2.9 2.3 3.0

New Jersey

83 91 107 2.1 2.2 2.6

New Mexico

24 22 25 2.9 2.6 3.0

New York

150 153 195 1.7 1.6 2.1

North Carolina

158 149 151 3.5 3.2 3.2

North Dakota

11 10 13 2.8 2.4 3.2

Ohio

147 126 140 2.7 2.3 2.6

Oklahoma

59 48 60 3.6 2.9 3.5

Oregon

52 52 55 2.8 2.7 2.8

Pennsylvania

136 108 113 2.4 1.8 1.9

Rhode Island

11 12 13 2.3 2.4 2.6

South Carolina

81 88 87 3.8 4.0 4.0

South Dakota

11 11 11 2.6 2.6 2.5

Tennessee

104 99 110 3.4 3.1 3.4

Texas

375 433 420 3.0 3.3 3.2

Utah

56 59 53 3.5 3.6 3.2

Vermont

8 8 9 2.8 2.7 3.1

Virginia

130 98 127 3.3 2.5 3.1

Washington

73 94 91 2.2 2.7 2.6

West Virginia

25 20 23 3.7 2.9 3.3

Wisconsin

75 68 83 2.6 2.4 2.8

Wyoming

10 10 10 3.7 3.5 3.6

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)
Apr.
2021
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,323 1,154 1,154 0.9 0.8 0.8


Alabama

20 23 25 1.0 1.1 1.2

Alaska

3 2 2 1.1 0.7 0.7

Arizona

27 18 20 0.9 0.6 0.7

Arkansas

10 12 12 0.8 1.0 0.9

California

142 147 118 0.9 0.8 0.7

Colorado

24 21 32 0.9 0.7 1.1

Connecticut

14 8 10 0.9 0.5 0.6

Delaware

6 4 5 1.2 0.9 1.0

District of Columbia

6 7 6 0.9 0.9 0.8

Florida

52 87 51 0.6 0.9 0.5

Georgia

63 82 60 1.4 1.7 1.3

Hawaii

5 3 4 0.9 0.5 0.6

Idaho

8 5 7 1.0 0.6 0.9

Illinois

79 45 40 1.4 0.8 0.7

Indiana

32 20 21 1.0 0.6 0.7

Iowa

10 8 10 0.7 0.5 0.6

Kansas

10 7 8 0.7 0.5 0.6

Kentucky

18 21 22 1.0 1.1 1.1

Louisiana

22 17 16 1.2 0.9 0.8

Maine

6 4 4 1.1 0.7 0.7

Maryland

15 21 20 0.6 0.8 0.7

Massachusetts

31 14 22 0.9 0.4 0.6

Michigan

36 22 24 0.9 0.5 0.6

Minnesota

19 15 25 0.7 0.5 0.9

Mississippi

12 17 11 1.0 1.5 1.0

Missouri

33 17 21 1.2 0.6 0.7

Montana

6 4 5 1.2 0.7 0.9

Nebraska

8 5 7 0.8 0.5 0.7

Nevada

16 11 10 1.2 0.8 0.7

New Hampshire

7 7 5 1.0 1.0 0.8

New Jersey

30 43 27 0.7 1.1 0.6

New Mexico

9 4 6 1.1 0.5 0.7

New York

66 33 80 0.7 0.4 0.8

North Carolina

39 59 52 0.8 1.3 1.1

North Dakota

4 3 3 0.9 0.8 0.8

Ohio

37 29 36 0.7 0.5 0.7

Oklahoma

20 14 18 1.2 0.8 1.0

Oregon

32 11 13 1.7 0.5 0.6

Pennsylvania

39 20 29 0.7 0.3 0.5

Rhode Island

5 4 4 1.0 0.8 0.7

South Carolina

18 22 24 0.8 1.0 1.1

South Dakota

3 2 2 0.7 0.5 0.6

Tennessee

36 41 36 1.2 1.3 1.1

Texas

137 111 101 1.1 0.8 0.8

Utah

18 10 14 1.1 0.6 0.8

Vermont

3 3 2 1.1 0.8 0.8

Virginia

25 34 32 0.6 0.9 0.8

Washington

38 13 22 1.2 0.4 0.6

West Virginia

6 6 7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Wisconsin

17 17 21 0.6 0.6 0.7

Wyoming

4 2 3 1.3 0.6 1.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 11. Annual hires levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

65,585 68,556 69,911 72,635 75,550


Alabama

952 980 955 1,007 1,164

Alaska

215 227 236 213 239

Arizona

1,481 1,549 1,498 1,511 1,539

Arkansas

628 655 675 668 720

California

6,706 6,886 7,013 7,962 7,711

Colorado

1,266 1,378 1,381 1,467 1,535

Connecticut

654 607 682 768 715

Delaware

234 250 256 249 269

District of Columbia

253 278 287 241 270

Florida

3,835 3,593 4,237 4,274 4,804

Georgia

2,523 2,359 2,238 2,382 2,938

Hawaii

263 265 282 299 342

Idaho

374 395 430 494 489

Illinois

2,738 2,873 2,552 2,793 3,164

Indiana

1,536 1,725 1,720 1,672 1,705

Iowa

654 672 680 716 781

Kansas

623 641 648 589 668

Kentucky

959 1,014 985 1,126 1,238

Louisiana

999 1,017 1,069 981 1,098

Maine

289 313 303 304 318

Maryland

1,113 1,149 1,264 1,177 1,173

Massachusetts

1,259 1,366 1,488 1,496 1,539

Michigan

1,863 2,033 2,009 2,418 2,492

Minnesota

1,159 1,195 1,177 1,166 1,248

Mississippi

539 572 580 635 654

Missouri

1,344 1,292 1,334 1,433 1,404

Montana

284 275 284 311 328

Nebraska

447 482 471 476 510

Nevada

640 694 702 948 927

New Hampshire

320 317 316 321 350

New Jersey

1,488 1,594 1,643 2,187 1,879

New Mexico

357 374 439 399 439

New York

3,407 3,457 3,566 3,650 3,635

North Carolina

2,148 2,503 2,808 2,664 2,866

North Dakota

212 217 240 228 243

Ohio

2,336 2,526 2,522 2,794 2,653

Oklahoma

782 943 878 871 922

Oregon

915 959 1,007 1,002 972

Pennsylvania

2,669 2,445 2,458 2,506 2,502

Rhode Island

225 227 238 265 267

South Carolina

1,140 1,186 1,206 1,241 1,266

South Dakota

199 218 206 207 243

Tennessee

1,456 1,822 1,660 1,748 1,789

Texas

6,172 6,875 6,843 6,427 7,049

Utah

850 943 853 838 841

Vermont

165 160 160 156 158

Virginia

1,760 1,699 1,928 1,924 2,009

Washington

1,381 1,467 1,623 1,558 1,538

West Virginia

382 408 384 389 398

Wisconsin

1,227 1,316 1,323 1,318 1,371

Wyoming

162 173 180 163 186

Footnotes
(1) The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 12. Annual hires rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

44.7 46.0 46.3 51.1 51.7


Alabama

47.2 47.9 46.0 50.5 57.1

Alaska

65.3 69.2 71.5 70.5 77.1

Arizona

53.3 54.2 50.9 52.9 52.0

Arkansas

50.2 51.7 52.7 53.6 56.2

California

39.9 40.1 40.2 49.2 46.2

Colorado

47.6 50.5 49.5 55.3 55.9

Connecticut

38.5 35.7 40.2 48.9 44.3

Delaware

51.3 54.1 54.8 56.5 59.8

District of Columbia

32.3 35.1 36.0 32.3 36.3

Florida

44.7 40.9 47.3 50.1 53.9

Georgia

56.7 52.0 48.4 54.0 64.3

Hawaii

40.2 40.3 42.8 53.4 58.6

Idaho

52.3 53.5 56.6 65.4 61.5

Illinois

45.2 47.1 41.7 49.0 54.4

Indiana

49.4 55.0 54.4 55.9 55.2

Iowa

41.6 42.4 42.8 47.4 50.8

Kansas

44.4 45.3 45.5 43.3 48.7

Kentucky

49.9 52.5 50.6 61.3 65.3

Louisiana

50.6 51.1 53.6 53.2 58.7

Maine

46.3 49.6 47.6 50.8 51.2

Maryland

40.8 41.8 45.6 45.6 44.3

Massachusetts

34.9 37.4 40.2 44.1 43.8

Michigan

42.6 45.9 45.2 59.9 59.4

Minnesota

39.4 40.3 39.5 41.9 43.9

Mississippi

46.8 49.6 50.1 57.3 57.5

Missouri

46.7 44.7 45.8 51.6 49.4

Montana

60.0 57.4 58.6 66.2 66.7

Nebraska

43.9 47.1 45.9 48.1 50.6

Nevada

47.8 50.1 49.4 74.1 67.9

New Hampshire

47.5 46.8 46.2 50.2 52.8

New Jersey

36.1 38.3 39.1 56.7 46.7

New Mexico

43.1 44.5 51.3 49.9 54.0

New York

35.6 35.7 36.4 41.4 40.2

North Carolina

48.7 55.7 61.3 60.5 62.5

North Dakota

49.0 49.8 54.4 55.3 58.3

Ohio

42.3 45.4 45.1 53.1 49.4

Oklahoma

47.0 55.8 51.5 53.5 56.2

Oregon

48.5 49.9 51.5 54.7 51.9

Pennsylvania

44.9 40.7 40.5 44.7 43.5

Rhode Island

45.3 45.4 47.2 57.4 55.6

South Carolina

54.4 55.0 55.1 59.6 59.0

South Dakota

45.9 49.8 46.8 48.6 55.2

Tennessee

48.3 59.4 53.2 58.2 57.6

Texas

50.5 54.9 53.4 52.4 55.5

Utah

57.9 62.2 54.7 54.6 52.2

Vermont

52.4 50.6 50.6 54.4 53.7

Virginia

44.5 42.4 47.5 49.9 51.0

Washington

41.6 43.1 46.8 47.5 45.8

West Virginia

53.4 56.2 53.2 57.7 58.0

Wisconsin

41.6 44.2 44.3 46.7 47.6

Wyoming

57.0 60.5 61.9 59.5 66.9

Footnotes
(1) The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 13. Annual total separations levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

63,500 66,245 68,097 80,778 69,045


Alabama

900 925 949 1,017 1,109

Alaska

222 233 250 225 210

Arizona

1,521 1,446 1,423 1,532 1,490

Arkansas

590 634 646 692 693

California

6,361 6,731 7,420 8,931 6,964

Colorado

1,242 1,401 1,375 1,760 1,488

Connecticut

653 565 621 853 619

Delaware

232 239 248 267 240

District of Columbia

247 257 269 308 250

Florida

3,578 3,734 4,057 4,883 4,468

Georgia

2,391 2,189 2,214 2,681 2,911

Hawaii

248 262 297 367 249

Idaho

340 373 412 454 446

Illinois

2,678 2,608 2,357 3,340 2,793

Indiana

1,385 1,670 1,711 1,854 1,646

Iowa

619 662 673 778 710

Kansas

632 650 628 688 629

Kentucky

940 964 928 1,177 1,179

Louisiana

1,021 988 1,087 1,136 1,010

Maine

284 296 280 324 291

Maryland

1,151 1,178 1,243 1,294 1,044

Massachusetts

1,251 1,243 1,305 1,742 1,362

Michigan

1,879 1,943 1,993 2,704 2,220

Minnesota

1,124 1,161 1,109 1,407 1,138

Mississippi

543 581 590 679 682

Missouri

1,279 1,233 1,306 1,626 1,372

Montana

271 268 304 306 298

Nebraska

442 471 451 521 482

Nevada

607 679 699 1,195 768

New Hampshire

320 303 289 345 327

New Jersey

1,460 1,560 1,731 2,453 1,638

New Mexico

346 372 432 468 399

New York

3,308 3,334 3,426 4,302 3,162

North Carolina

2,044 2,444 2,651 2,676 2,668

North Dakota

209 210 234 282 228

Ohio

2,258 2,574 2,503 3,059 2,447

Oklahoma

748 897 897 940 872

Oregon

854 934 1,044 1,168 893

Pennsylvania

2,649 2,428 2,378 3,011 2,251

Rhode Island

218 214 226 285 224

South Carolina

1,057 1,093 1,208 1,238 1,175

South Dakota

192 211 202 230 200

Tennessee

1,367 1,645 1,447 1,816 1,765

Texas

6,266 6,611 6,406 7,027 6,205

Utah

815 925 870 813 796

Vermont

157 150 149 178 163

Virginia

1,692 1,563 1,815 1,942 1,780

Washington

1,250 1,419 1,504 1,724 1,293

West Virginia

360 379 392 423 376

Wisconsin

1,137 1,243 1,251 1,469 1,246

Wyoming

159 164 192 180 168

Footnotes
(1) The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 14. Annual total separations rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

43.3 44.5 45.1 56.8 47.2


Alabama

44.6 45.2 45.7 51.0 54.4

Alaska

67.5 71.0 75.8 74.5 67.7

Arizona

54.8 50.6 48.4 53.7 50.4

Arkansas

47.2 50.0 50.4 55.5 54.1

California

37.8 39.2 42.6 55.2 41.7

Colorado

46.7 51.4 49.3 66.4 54.2

Connecticut

38.5 33.2 36.6 54.3 38.4

Delaware

50.9 51.7 53.1 60.5 53.3

District of Columbia

31.5 32.4 33.8 41.3 33.6

Florida

41.8 42.5 45.3 57.3 50.1

Georgia

53.7 48.3 47.9 60.8 63.7

Hawaii

37.9 39.8 45.1 65.5 42.6

Idaho

47.6 50.5 54.2 60.1 56.1

Illinois

44.2 42.7 38.5 58.6 48.0

Indiana

44.6 53.2 54.1 61.9 53.3

Iowa

39.4 41.8 42.4 51.6 46.2

Kansas

45.0 45.9 44.1 50.6 45.8

Kentucky

49.0 49.9 47.7 64.1 62.2

Louisiana

51.7 49.6 54.5 61.6 54.0

Maine

45.5 46.9 44.0 54.1 46.9

Maryland

42.2 42.8 44.9 50.1 39.4

Massachusetts

34.7 34.1 35.3 51.4 38.7

Michigan

42.9 43.9 44.9 66.9 52.9

Minnesota

38.2 39.2 37.2 50.5 40.0

Mississippi

47.1 50.3 50.9 61.2 60.0

Missouri

44.4 42.6 44.8 58.6 48.3

Montana

57.3 55.9 62.7 65.1 60.6

Nebraska

43.4 46.0 43.9 52.7 47.9

Nevada

45.3 49.1 49.2 93.4 56.2

New Hampshire

47.5 44.8 42.3 54.0 49.3

New Jersey

35.4 37.5 41.2 63.6 40.7

New Mexico

41.7 44.2 50.5 58.5 49.1

New York

34.6 34.4 35.0 48.8 35.0

North Carolina

46.3 54.4 57.9 60.8 58.2

North Dakota

48.3 48.2 53.1 68.4 54.7

Ohio

40.9 46.3 44.7 58.1 45.5

Oklahoma

45.0 53.1 52.6 57.7 53.1

Oregon

45.3 48.6 53.4 63.8 47.7

Pennsylvania

44.6 40.4 39.2 53.7 39.1

Rhode Island

43.9 42.8 44.8 61.7 46.7

South Carolina

50.4 50.7 55.2 59.5 54.8

South Dakota

44.2 48.2 45.9 54.0 45.5

Tennessee

45.3 53.6 46.3 60.4 56.8

Texas

51.2 52.8 50.0 57.2 48.8

Utah

55.5 61.0 55.8 52.9 49.4

Vermont

49.8 47.5 47.2 62.0 55.4

Virginia

42.7 39.0 44.7 50.4 45.1

Washington

37.6 41.7 43.4 52.5 38.5

West Virginia

50.3 52.2 54.3 62.8 54.8

Wisconsin

38.5 41.7 41.9 52.0 43.2

Wyoming

56.0 57.3 66.0 65.7 60.4

Footnotes
(1) The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 15. Annual quits levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

37,711 40,356 42,193 35,870 47,825


Alabama

561 576 605 569 769

Alaska

132 146 155 101 145

Arizona

966 963 977 783 1,128

Arkansas

371 399 422 378 491

California

3,836 4,086 4,375 3,454 4,717

Colorado

814 888 892 722 993

Connecticut

338 309 337 300 402

Delaware

140 146 156 136 167

District of Columbia

143 151 164 149 156

Florida

2,143 2,298 2,632 2,464 3,260

Georgia

1,399 1,411 1,447 1,411 2,057

Hawaii

166 169 196 158 172

Idaho

212 237 273 218 322

Illinois

1,586 1,580 1,524 1,473 1,882

Indiana

838 1,026 1,040 848 1,186

Iowa

357 400 414 363 490

Kansas

376 418 413 324 446

Kentucky

585 615 588 594 824

Louisiana

608 633 702 569 718

Maine

144 153 153 129 193

Maryland

654 650 767 593 698

Massachusetts

653 665 746 588 876

Michigan

1,049 1,216 1,289 1,141 1,519

Minnesota

630 682 712 554 799

Mississippi

338 363 376 357 488

Missouri

739 777 817 814 1,005

Montana

169 174 180 140 209

Nebraska

259 296 293 261 336

Nevada

394 442 458 413 508

New Hampshire

180 162 161 126 211

New Jersey

769 840 981 911 1,056

New Mexico

214 248 290 209 279

New York

1,719 1,710 1,789 1,502 1,950

North Carolina

1,216 1,504 1,639 1,258 1,808

North Dakota

116 127 147 122 148

Ohio

1,404 1,617 1,619 1,364 1,690

Oklahoma

479 589 601 470 617

Oregon

553 602 658 470 638

Pennsylvania

1,415 1,355 1,341 1,085 1,449

Rhode Island

115 116 122 94 144

South Carolina

638 718 751 665 836

South Dakota

110 125 128 104 141

Tennessee

856 1,097 946 925 1,224

Texas

3,941 4,051 4,105 3,528 4,560

Utah

518 605 560 396 585

Vermont

81 82 82 58 106

Virginia

1,030 1,033 1,124 935 1,253

Washington

778 822 886 713 900

West Virginia

219 243 251 212 266

Wisconsin

649 729 805 639 899

Wyoming

98 106 118 79 116

Footnotes
(1) The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 16. Annual quits rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

25.7 27.1 28.0 25.2 32.7


Alabama

27.8 28.2 29.1 28.5 37.7

Alaska

40.1 44.5 47.0 33.4 46.8

Arizona

34.8 33.7 33.2 27.4 38.1

Arkansas

29.7 31.5 32.9 30.3 38.3

California

22.8 23.8 25.1 21.3 28.2

Colorado

30.6 32.6 32.0 27.2 36.2

Connecticut

19.9 18.2 19.9 19.1 24.9

Delaware

30.7 31.6 33.4 30.8 37.1

District of Columbia

18.2 19.0 20.6 20.0 21.0

Florida

25.0 26.2 29.4 28.9 36.6

Georgia

31.4 31.1 31.3 32.0 45.0

Hawaii

25.3 25.7 29.7 28.2 29.5

Idaho

29.7 32.1 35.9 28.9 40.5

Illinois

26.2 25.9 24.9 25.8 32.4

Indiana

27.0 32.7 32.9 28.3 38.4

Iowa

22.7 25.3 26.1 24.1 31.9

Kansas

26.8 29.5 29.0 23.8 32.5

Kentucky

30.5 31.9 30.2 32.3 43.5

Louisiana

30.8 31.8 35.2 30.9 38.4

Maine

23.1 24.2 24.0 21.5 31.1

Maryland

24.0 23.6 27.7 23.0 26.4

Massachusetts

18.1 18.2 20.2 17.3 24.9

Michigan

24.0 27.5 29.0 28.2 36.2

Minnesota

21.4 23.0 23.9 19.9 28.1

Mississippi

29.3 31.5 32.5 32.2 42.9

Missouri

25.7 26.9 28.0 29.3 35.3

Montana

35.7 36.3 37.1 29.8 42.5

Nebraska

25.4 28.9 28.5 26.4 33.4

Nevada

29.4 31.9 32.2 32.3 37.2

New Hampshire

26.7 23.9 23.5 19.7 31.8

New Jersey

18.6 20.2 23.4 23.6 26.3

New Mexico

25.8 29.5 33.9 26.1 34.3

New York

18.0 17.7 18.3 17.0 21.6

North Carolina

27.6 33.5 35.8 28.6 39.4

North Dakota

26.8 29.1 33.3 29.6 35.5

Ohio

25.4 29.1 28.9 25.9 31.5

Oklahoma

28.8 34.9 35.2 28.9 37.6

Oregon

29.3 31.3 33.7 25.7 34.0

Pennsylvania

23.8 22.5 22.1 19.4 25.2

Rhode Island

23.1 23.2 24.2 20.3 30.0

South Carolina

30.4 33.3 34.3 31.9 39.0

South Dakota

25.3 28.5 29.1 24.4 32.0

Tennessee

28.4 35.8 30.3 30.8 39.4

Texas

32.2 32.3 32.0 28.7 35.9

Utah

35.3 39.9 35.9 25.8 36.3

Vermont

25.7 25.9 25.9 20.2 36.1

Virginia

26.0 25.8 27.7 24.2 31.8

Washington

23.4 24.2 25.5 21.7 26.8

West Virginia

30.6 33.5 34.8 31.5 38.8

Wisconsin

22.0 24.5 26.9 22.6 31.2

Wyoming

34.5 37.1 40.5 28.8 41.7

Footnotes
(1) The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

21,606 21,825 21,893 40,801 17,019


Alabama

283 289 271 389 269

Alaska

71 71 83 107 49

Arizona

480 419 378 679 298

Arkansas

188 200 190 268 159

California

2,029 2,129 2,535 4,926 1,720

Colorado

353 435 410 915 430

Connecticut

269 210 244 509 173

Delaware

78 79 80 118 59

District of Columbia

84 89 83 141 69

Florida

1,187 1,214 1,214 2,230 991

Georgia

873 649 631 1,126 684

Hawaii

68 76 85 193 62

Idaho

104 114 120 221 96

Illinois

955 910 712 1,712 777

Indiana

478 572 596 924 367

Iowa

228 218 222 373 171

Kansas

218 193 181 326 144

Kentucky

293 292 281 523 293

Louisiana

351 301 326 505 231

Maine

123 122 107 180 78

Maryland

421 451 385 636 280

Massachusetts

510 473 473 1,078 389

Michigan

699 610 589 1,439 553

Minnesota

392 404 323 782 253

Mississippi

171 181 180 285 157

Missouri

470 372 418 743 284

Montana

85 78 108 151 72

Nebraska

156 147 131 229 113

Nevada

184 203 210 733 225

New Hampshire

119 119 109 205 91

New Jersey

562 591 606 1,436 480

New Mexico

103 99 120 235 91

New York

1,332 1,369 1,403 2,560 971

North Carolina

642 797 868 1,267 712

North Dakota

76 72 73 147 66

Ohio

718 793 749 1,551 628

Oklahoma

222 258 241 416 204

Oregon

245 284 337 638 208

Pennsylvania

1,067 904 885 1,796 655

Rhode Island

89 85 89 174 64

South Carolina

354 316 389 493 279

South Dakota

68 74 62 112 49

Tennessee

416 468 427 813 448

Texas

1,980 2,208 2,001 3,168 1,275

Utah

253 278 266 382 168

Vermont

62 57 54 112 46

Virginia

528 446 579 911 413

Washington

385 495 514 924 305

West Virginia

115 114 118 185 89

Wisconsin

410 429 372 744 276

Wyoming

50 50 60 91 40

Footnotes
(1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]
State 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

TOTAL U.S.

14.7 14.7 14.5 28.7 11.6


Alabama

14.0 14.1 13.0 19.5 13.2

Alaska

21.6 21.6 25.2 35.4 15.8

Arizona

17.3 14.7 12.8 23.8 10.1

Arkansas

15.0 15.8 14.8 21.5 12.4

California

12.1 12.4 14.5 30.4 10.3

Colorado

13.3 16.0 14.7 34.5 15.7

Connecticut

15.9 12.4 14.4 32.4 10.7

Delaware

17.1 17.1 17.1 26.8 13.1

District of Columbia

10.7 11.2 10.4 18.9 9.3

Florida

13.9 13.8 13.5 26.2 11.1

Georgia

19.6 14.3 13.7 25.5 15.0

Hawaii

10.4 11.6 12.9 34.5 10.6

Idaho

14.5 15.4 15.8 29.3 12.1

Illinois

15.8 14.9 11.6 30.0 13.4

Indiana

15.4 18.2 18.9 30.9 11.9

Iowa

14.5 13.8 14.0 24.7 11.1

Kansas

15.5 13.6 12.7 24.0 10.5

Kentucky

15.3 15.1 14.4 28.5 15.5

Louisiana

17.8 15.1 16.3 27.4 12.4

Maine

19.7 19.3 16.8 30.1 12.6

Maryland

15.4 16.4 13.9 24.6 10.6

Massachusetts

14.1 13.0 12.8 31.8 11.1

Michigan

16.0 13.8 13.3 35.6 13.2

Minnesota

13.3 13.6 10.8 28.1 8.9

Mississippi

14.8 15.7 15.5 25.7 13.8

Missouri

16.3 12.9 14.3 26.8 10.0

Montana

18.0 16.3 22.3 32.1 14.6

Nebraska

15.3 14.4 12.8 23.2 11.2

Nevada

13.7 14.7 14.8 57.3 16.5

New Hampshire

17.7 17.6 15.9 32.1 13.7

New Jersey

13.6 14.2 14.4 37.2 11.9

New Mexico

12.4 11.8 14.0 29.4 11.2

New York

13.9 14.1 14.3 29.0 10.7

North Carolina

14.6 17.7 19.0 28.8 15.5

North Dakota

17.6 16.5 16.6 35.7 15.8

Ohio

13.0 14.3 13.4 29.5 11.7

Oklahoma

13.3 15.3 14.1 25.6 12.4

Oregon

13.0 14.8 17.2 34.8 11.1

Pennsylvania

18.0 15.0 14.6 32.0 11.4

Rhode Island

17.9 17.0 17.7 37.7 13.3

South Carolina

16.9 14.7 17.8 23.7 13.0

South Dakota

15.7 16.9 14.1 26.3 11.1

Tennessee

13.8 15.3 13.7 27.1 14.4

Texas

16.2 17.6 15.6 25.8 10.0

Utah

17.2 18.3 17.1 24.9 10.4

Vermont

19.7 18.0 17.1 39.0 15.6

Virginia

13.3 11.1 14.3 23.6 10.5

Washington

11.6 14.6 14.8 28.2 9.1

West Virginia

16.1 15.7 16.3 27.4 13.0

Wisconsin

13.9 14.4 12.4 26.4 9.6

Wyoming

17.6 17.5 20.6 33.2 14.4

Footnotes
(1) The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Last Modified Date: June 29, 2022