State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 17, 2022	USDL-22-0468
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		    STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2022

Job openings rates decreased in 13 states, increased in 8 states, and were little changed in 29 states and 
the District of Columbia on the last business day of January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Hires rates increased in 8 states, decreased in 4 states, and were little changed in 38 states and the 
District of Columbia. Total separations rates decreased in 6 states, increased in 4 states, and were little 
changed in 40 states and the District of Columbia. Nationally, the hires rate was unchanged in January, 
and the job openings and total separations rates were little changed. (See tables A-E.)

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In January, job openings rates decreased in 13 states and increased in 8 states. The largest decreases in 
job openings rates occurred in Hawaii and Wyoming (-2.1 percentage points each) and Montana (-1.6 
points). The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Maine (+1.8 percentage points); 
Delaware (+1.1 points); and Connecticut, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Tennessee (+0.7 point each). The 
national job openings rate was little changed. (See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states and increased in 9 states in January. The largest 
decreases occurred in California (-103,000), North Carolina (-66,000), and Georgia (-39,000). The 
largest increases in the job openings level occurred in Illinois (+43,000), Pennsylvania (+42,000), and 
Florida (+37,000). Nationally, the number of job openings was little changed. (See table A.)

Hires

In January, hires rates increased in 8 states and decreased in 4 states. The largest increases in hires rates 
occurred in Delaware (+1.7 percentage points) and in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (+1.0 point 
each). The largest decreases occurred in Missouri and South Dakota (-0.7 percentage point each) and 
Texas (-0.6 point). The national hires rate was unchanged. (See table B.)

The number of hires increased in 8 states and decreased in 4 states in January. The largest increases 
occurred in North Carolina (+33,000), Colorado (+29,000), and Massachusetts (+26,000). The largest 
decreases occurred in Texas (-78,000), Pennsylvania (-27,000), and Missouri (-19,000). Nationally, the 
number of hires was little changed. (See table B.)

Total Separations

In January, total separations rates decreased in 6 states and increased in 4 states. The largest decreases 
occurred in Alaska (-1.3 percentage points), Arkansas (-0.9 point), and Florida and Wisconsin (-0.7 
point each). The total separations rate increased in Pennsylvania (+0.8 percentage point), Iowa (+0.6 
point), and California and Ohio (+0.4 point each). The national total separations rate was little changed 
over the month. (See table C.)

The number of total separations decreased in 6 states in January and increased in 5 states. The largest 
decreases occurred in Florida (-65,000), Wisconsin (-20,000), and Indiana (-19,000). The largest 
increases in the total separations level occurred in California (+75,000), Pennsylvania (+46,000), and 
Ohio (+25,000). Nationally, the number of total separations was little changed. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In January, quits rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 3 states. The largest decreases in quits 
rates occurred in Alaska (-1.0 percentage point), Florida (-0.9 point), and Rhode Island (-0.8 point). 
Increases in the quits rate occurred in Hawaii (+0.5 percentage point) and in California and New Jersey 
(+0.2 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate decreased (-0.2 percentage point). (See table 
D.)

The number of quits decreased in 11 states and increased in 2 states in January. The largest decreases 
in the quits level occurred in Florida (-77,000), Wisconsin (-19,000), and Illinois and Missouri
(-18,000 each). Increases in the quits level occurred in California (+32,000) and Colorado (+13,000). 
Nationally, the number of quits edged down over the month (-151,000). (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In January, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 11 states and decreased in 5 states. The largest 
increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in New Hampshire and Pennsylvania (+0.8 percentage 
point each) and Ohio (+0.7 point). The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in 
South Carolina (-0.7 percentage point), Colorado (-0.5 point), and Indiana and Maryland (-0.4 point 
each). The national layoffs and discharges rate was little changed. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 8 states and decreased in 5 states in January. The 
largest increases in layoffs and discharges were in California (+50,000), Pennsylvania (+46,000), and 
Ohio (+36,000). The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges were in Colorado and South Carolina   
(-16,000 each) and Indiana (-15,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little 
changed over the month. (See table E.)

For more information, please see the JOLTS interactive charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-
openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for February 2022 are scheduled 
to be released on Wednesday, April 20, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates					       |
|												       |
|State annual revisions will be released June 29, 2022 and will incorporate historical revisions from  |
|January 2017 forward. These revisions will incorporate the annual benchmark revisions to JOLTS	       | 
|national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates, and the Quarterly Census  | 
|of Employment and Wages data. Seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted estimates will be       | 
|revised. 											       |
|______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

 
 Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022, seasonally adjusted
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                        |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
          State         |  Dec   |   Jan  | Over-the-month |   Dec  |   Jan  | Over-the-month
                        |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total U.S..............|11,448  |11,263  |     -185       |   7.1  |   7.0  |     -0.1        
 Alabama................|   151  |   141  |      -10*      |   6.9  |   6.4  |     -0.5
 Alaska.................|    34  |    30  |       -4       |   9.7  |   8.7  |     -1.0
 California.............|  1251  |  1148  |     -103       |   6.8  |   6.3  |     -0.5
 Connecticut............|   105  |   117  |       12       |   6.0  |   6.7  |      0.7
 Delaware...............|    33  |    39  |        6       |   6.8  |   7.9  |      1.1
 Florida................|   688  |   725  |       37       |   7.0  |   7.3  |      0.3*
 Georgia................|   419  |   380  |      -39       |   8.2  |   7.5  |     -0.7
 Hawaii.................|    59  |    44  |      -15       |   9.0  |   6.9  |     -2.1
 Idaho..................|    69  |    63  |       -6       |   7.9  |   7.2  |     -0.7
 Illinois...............|   445  |   488  |       43       |   7.0  |   7.6  |      0.6
 Indiana................|   267  |   251  |      -16       |   7.8  |   7.4  |     -0.4*
 Maine..................|    47  |    61  |       14       |   7.0  |   8.8  |      1.8
 Minnesota..............|   230  |   254  |       24       |   7.4  |   8.1  |      0.7
 Mississippi............|    89  |    79  |      -10       |   7.2  |   6.4  |     -0.8
 Montana................|    50  |    41  |       -9       |   9.1  |   7.5  |     -1.6
 Nebraska...............|    77  |    85  |        8       |   7.1  |   7.8  |      0.7
 Nevada.................|   112  |   102  |      -10       |   7.3  |   6.7  |     -0.6*
 North Carolina.........|   425  |   359  |      -66       |   8.4  |   7.2  |     -1.2
 Oklahoma...............|   126  |   118  |       -8*      |   7.1  |   6.6  |     -0.5
 Oregon.................|   156  |   145  |      -11       |   7.5  |   7.0  |     -0.5
 Pennsylvania...........|   490  |   532  |       42       |   7.7  |   8.3  |      0.6
 South Carolina.........|   200  |   183  |      -17       |   8.4  |   7.7  |     -0.7
 Tennessee..............|   234  |   262  |       28       |   6.9  |   7.6  |      0.7
 Wyoming................|    29  |    22  |       -7       |   9.3  |   7.2  |     -2.1
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (p) = preliminary.
    * Not significant.
 
 
 Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022, seasonally adjusted
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                        |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
          State         |  Dec   |   Jan  | Over-the-month |   Dec  |   Jan  | Over-the-month
                        |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total U.S..............| 6,450  | 6,457  |        7       |   4.3  |   4.3  |      0.0        
 Colorado...............|   123  |   152  |       29       |   4.4  |   5.4  |      1.0
 Delaware...............|    22  |    30  |        8       |   4.9  |   6.6  |      1.7
 Kentucky...............|   100  |   113  |       13       |   5.2  |   5.9  |      0.7
 Massachusetts..........|   134  |   160  |       26       |   3.7  |   4.4  |      0.7
 Missouri...............|   114  |    95  |      -19       |   4.0  |   3.3  |     -0.7
 New Jersey.............|   138  |   160  |       22       |   3.4  |   3.9  |      0.5
 New Mexico.............|    32  |    40  |        8       |   3.8  |   4.8  |      1.0
 New York...............|   337  |   308  |      -29*      |   3.6  |   3.3  |     -0.3
 North Carolina.........|   241  |   274  |       33       |   5.2  |   5.9  |      0.7
 Pennsylvania...........|   235  |   208  |      -27       |   4.0  |   3.6  |     -0.4*
 South Dakota...........|    20  |    17  |       -3       |   4.5  |   3.8  |     -0.7
 Texas..................|   646  |   568  |      -78       |   4.9  |   4.3  |     -0.6
 Utah...................|    68  |    85  |       17       |   4.2  |   5.2  |      1.0
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (p) = preliminary.
    * Not significant.
 
 
 Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022, seasonally adjusted
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                        |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
          State         |  Dec   |   Jan  | Over-the-month |   Dec  |   Jan  | Over-the-month
                        |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total U.S..............| 6,042  | 6,058  |       16       |   4.1  |   4.0  |     -0.1        
 Alaska.................|    24  |    20  |       -4       |   7.6  |   6.3  |     -1.3
 Arkansas...............|    64  |    53  |      -11       |   4.9  |   4.0  |     -0.9
 California.............|   593  |   668  |       75       |   3.5  |   3.9  |      0.4
 Florida................|   433  |   368  |      -65       |   4.7  |   4.0  |     -0.7
 Indiana................|   157  |   138  |      -19       |   5.0  |   4.4  |     -0.6
 Iowa...................|    59  |    68  |        9       |   3.8  |   4.4  |      0.6
 Minnesota..............|   109  |    95  |      -14*      |   3.8  |   3.3  |     -0.5
 Ohio...................|   221  |   246  |       25       |   4.1  |   4.5  |      0.4
 Pennsylvania...........|   163  |   209  |       46       |   2.8  |   3.6  |      0.8
 South Carolina.........|   115  |   102  |      -13       |   5.3  |   4.7  |     -0.6*
 Washington.............|   124  |   142  |       18       |   3.6  |   4.1  |      0.5*
 Wisconsin..............|   118  |    98  |      -20       |   4.1  |   3.4  |     -0.7
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (p) = preliminary.
    * Not significant.
 
 
 Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022, seasonally adjusted
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                        |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
          State         |  Dec   |   Jan  | Over-the-month |   Dec  |   Jan  | Over-the-month
                        |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total U.S..............| 4,403  | 4,252  |     -151       |   3.0  |   2.8  |     -0.2        
 Alaska.................|    17  |    14  |       -3       |   5.4  |   4.4  |     -1.0
 California.............|   437  |   469  |       32       |   2.5  |   2.7  |      0.2
 Colorado...............|    83  |    96  |       13       |   3.0  |   3.4  |      0.4*
 Florida................|   335  |   258  |      -77       |   3.7  |   2.8  |     -0.9
 Hawaii.................|    16  |    19  |        3*      |   2.7  |   3.2  |      0.5
 Illinois...............|   172  |   154  |      -18       |   2.9  |   2.6  |     -0.3
 Indiana................|   112  |   105  |       -7*      |   3.6  |   3.3  |     -0.3
 Maine..................|    19  |    15  |       -4       |   3.0  |   2.4  |     -0.6
 Massachusetts..........|    93  |    77  |      -16       |   2.6  |   2.1  |     -0.5
 Minnesota..............|    80  |    66  |      -14       |   2.8  |   2.3  |     -0.5
 Missouri...............|    94  |    76  |      -18       |   3.3  |   2.6  |     -0.7
 New Jersey.............|    95  |   103  |        8*      |   2.3  |   2.5  |      0.2
 North Carolina.........|   151  |   135  |      -16       |   3.2  |   2.9  |     -0.3
 Rhode Island...........|    15  |    11  |       -4       |   3.1  |   2.3  |     -0.8
 Vermont................|    10  |     8  |       -2       |   3.4  |   2.7  |     -0.7
 Wisconsin..............|    90  |    71  |      -19       |   3.1  |   2.4  |     -0.7
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (p) = preliminary.
    * Not significant.
 
 
 Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022, seasonally adjusted
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                        |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
          State         |  Dec   |   Jan  | Over-the-month |   Dec  |   Jan  | Over-the-month
                        |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2022(p)|    change(p)  
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total U.S..............| 1,262  | 1,414  |      152       |   0.8  |   0.9  |      0.1        
 Arkansas...............|    16  |    11  |       -5       |   1.2  |   0.8  |     -0.4*
 California.............|   116  |   166  |       50       |   0.7  |   1.0  |      0.3
 Colorado...............|    43  |    27  |      -16       |   1.5  |   1.0  |     -0.5
 Connecticut............|     8  |    14  |        6*      |   0.5  |   0.9  |      0.4
 Illinois...............|    43  |    51  |        8*      |   0.7  |   0.9  |      0.2
 Indiana................|    36  |    21  |      -15       |   1.1  |   0.7  |     -0.4
 Iowa...................|    16  |    22  |        6       |   1.0  |   1.4  |      0.4
 Kansas.................|    12  |     8  |       -4*      |   0.9  |   0.6  |     -0.3
 Maryland...............|    28  |    16  |      -12       |   1.0  |   0.6  |     -0.4
 Massachusetts..........|    21  |    32  |       11       |   0.6  |   0.9  |      0.3
 New Hampshire..........|     5  |    10  |        5       |   0.7  |   1.5  |      0.8
 New York...............|    68  |    82  |       14*      |   0.7  |   0.9  |      0.2
 Ohio...................|    44  |    80  |       36       |   0.8  |   1.5  |      0.7
 Pennsylvania...........|    18  |    64  |       46       |   0.3  |   1.1  |      0.8
 South Carolina.........|    35  |    19  |      -16       |   1.6  |   0.9  |     -0.7
 Utah...................|    10  |    17  |        7       |   0.6  |   1.0  |      0.4
 Washington.............|    28  |    48  |       20       |   0.8  |   1.4  |      0.6
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program 
provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and separations. 
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government 
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American 
Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State). Shared definitions and procedures for National and State JOLTS Estimates 
can be found at: www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm.

Data Element Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Total Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from other separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary 
help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The other separations component is 
not published for states due to its comparatively high error, and because it comprises less than 8% of total 
separations. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying 
that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample based state estimates. 
However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based estimates. 

These estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model, the Synthetic model, the 
Composite Synthetic model, and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS 
microdata, JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite 
Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in 
microdata from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic by the 
ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate from one year ago. 

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Composite Regional model) is used to extend 
the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Synthetic 
model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The current model uses the Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS re-tabulation 
process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional model estimates 
will ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends. 

The Composite Regional model calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample weights, and 
the adjustments for non-response (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 
employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 
sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a number of state-supersector cells 
that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates derived 
directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of respondents is low 
(that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate which leverages the small JOLTS sample 
to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-supersector 
cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-based component, 
in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 
respondents an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-based estimate 
and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in those cells is 
proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of respondents). 

Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 
These state estimates are published as a historical series comprised of an historical annually 
revised benchmark component for the Composite Synthetic model and a current component Extended Composite Synthetic 
model which provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology 
is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 
including current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
over-the-month employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state implied employment trends 
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the 
JOLTS data.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a sample is 
surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted 
at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that 
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available on the JOLTS Median Standard Errors page: 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons including: 
the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; 
errors made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in 
estimation.

The JOLTS State variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A small 
area domain model uses a Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State variance. The small area model uses QCEW-
based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution using 
JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the State and US Census Regional level to generate a Bayesian 
posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 
estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian approach thus 
indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

Detailed information the JOLTS State methodology can be found at:   

www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm

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Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,232	11,094	10,922	11,448	11,263	4.8	7.0	6.8	7.1	7.0
Alabama	110	157	155	151	141	5.2	7.1	7.0	6.9	6.4
Alaska	23	29	30	34	30	7.0	8.5	8.8	9.7	8.7
Arizona	159	227	221	241	241	5.2	7.1	6.9	7.4	7.4
Arkansas	68	90	85	92	89	5.1	6.6	6.2	6.6	6.4
California	695	1,158	1,164	1,251	1,148	4.2	6.5	6.5	6.8	6.3
Colorado	136	214	217	236	231	4.9	7.2	7.3	7.8	7.6
Connecticut	68	104	114	105	117	4.1	6.0	6.6	6.0	6.7
Delaware	24	31	29	33	39	5.1	6.4	6.0	6.8	7.9
District of Columbia	31	40	41	42	43	4.1	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.3
Florida	408	713	623	688	725	4.6	7.4	6.5	7.0	7.3
Georgia	307	412	419	419	380	6.5	8.2	8.3	8.2	7.5
Hawaii	27	53	53	59	44	4.7	8.4	8.4	9.0	6.9
Idaho	42	62	60	69	63	5.1	7.3	7.1	7.9	7.2
Illinois	259	427	395	445	488	4.4	6.8	6.3	7.0	7.6
Indiana	150	246	241	267	251	4.7	7.4	7.2	7.8	7.4
Iowa	73	118	115	124	121	4.6	7.1	6.9	7.4	7.2
Kansas	71	98	96	97	94	4.9	6.6	6.4	6.6	6.4
Kentucky	105	149	138	166	167	5.4	7.3	6.8	8.0	8.0
Louisiana	103	156	129	147	138	5.3	7.8	6.5	7.2	6.8
Maine	29	42	44	47	61	4.6	6.4	6.7	7.0	8.8
Maryland	140	224	205	224	217	5.1	7.7	7.1	7.7	7.5
Massachusetts	147	302	290	274	277	4.2	7.9	7.5	7.1	7.1
Michigan	247	397	345	354	363	5.7	8.6	7.5	7.6	7.8
Minnesota	113	255	195	230	254	3.9	8.1	6.3	7.4	8.1
Mississippi	63	87	80	89	79	5.3	7.1	6.5	7.2	6.4
Missouri	135	244	224	238	236	4.6	7.9	7.3	7.6	7.5
Montana	28	43	41	50	41	5.5	8.2	7.8	9.1	7.5
Nebraska	50	75	73	77	85	4.8	6.8	6.7	7.1	7.8
Nevada	75	112	109	112	102	5.5	7.6	7.4	7.3	6.7
New Hampshire	32	51	60	62	65	4.7	7.1	8.3	8.4	8.8
New Jersey	208	301	280	291	298	5.1	6.9	6.4	6.6	6.7
New Mexico	44	68	63	68	69	5.4	7.7	7.1	7.5	7.7
New York	357	565	640	590	588	3.9	5.9	6.6	6.0	5.9
North Carolina	291	344	358	425	359	6.2	7.0	7.3	8.4	7.2
North Dakota	20	33	32	34	35	4.6	7.3	7.1	7.4	7.6
Ohio	254	423	426	412	410	4.6	7.3	7.3	7.1	7.0
Oklahoma	88	124	117	126	118	5.2	7.0	6.6	7.1	6.6
Oregon	104	145	139	156	145	5.4	7.1	6.8	7.5	7.0
Pennsylvania	285	411	422	490	532	4.8	6.7	6.8	7.7	8.3
Rhode Island	24	40	38	37	40	4.9	7.7	7.3	7.0	7.6
South Carolina	132	182	172	200	183	5.9	7.8	7.4	8.4	7.7
South Dakota	24	37	31	34	33	5.3	7.8	6.6	7.1	6.9
Tennessee	154	242	232	234	262	4.8	7.2	6.9	6.9	7.6
Texas	552	901	878	923	885	4.3	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.3
Utah	74	124	115	134	129	4.5	7.1	6.6	7.6	7.3
Vermont	15	24	25	26	26	5.0	7.5	7.8	8.0	8.0
Virginia	206	288	296	313	310	5.0	6.8	6.9	7.3	7.2
Washington	162	229	225	225	213	4.7	6.2	6.1	6.1	5.8
West Virginia	50	57	54	57	53	6.9	7.6	7.2	7.6	7.1
Wisconsin	125	217	218	219	220	4.2	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Wyoming	16	22	21	29	22	5.5	7.4	7.1	9.3	7.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,719	6,460	6,705	6,450	6,457	4.0	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.3
Alabama	71	105	100	97	103	3.5	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.0
Alaska	19	19	20	19	20	6.3	6.1	6.4	6.0	6.3
Arizona	117	128	135	142	159	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.3
Arkansas	56	61	62	68	64	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.2	4.9
California	597	691	700	648	642	3.8	4.1	4.2	3.8	3.7
Colorado	114	124	139	123	152	4.3	4.5	5.0	4.4	5.4
Connecticut	52	60	65	60	58	3.3	3.7	4.0	3.7	3.5
Delaware	19	21	21	22	30	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.9	6.6
District of Columbia	17	21	23	22	21	2.3	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8
Florida	247	456	457	379	396	2.9	5.1	5.1	4.1	4.3
Georgia	194	247	241	248	258	4.4	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.5
Hawaii	20	37	37	26	27	3.7	6.4	6.4	4.4	4.5
Idaho	37	37	44	40	44	4.7	4.7	5.6	5.0	5.4
Illinois	266	255	277	261	248	4.7	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.2
Indiana	113	142	145	157	151	3.7	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.8
Iowa	54	62	62	64	60	3.6	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.9
Kansas	49	55	57	57	49	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.5
Kentucky	79	98	104	100	113	4.3	5.2	5.5	5.2	5.9
Louisiana	80	102	98	94	98	4.4	5.5	5.2	5.0	5.2
Maine	25	28	28	28	28	4.1	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.4
Maryland	75	99	101	107	104	2.9	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.9
Massachusetts	110	142	121	134	160	3.2	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.4
Michigan	165	201	203	208	196	4.1	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6
Minnesota	91	98	110	107	104	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.7	3.6
Mississippi	51	58	59	55	55	4.5	5.1	5.2	4.8	4.8
Missouri	113	116	115	114	95	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.3
Montana	24	25	27	27	28	5.0	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.6
Nebraska	40	37	45	43	41	4.0	3.6	4.4	4.3	4.1
Nevada	59	78	66	63	69	4.6	5.7	4.8	4.4	4.8
New Hampshire	25	34	32	30	33	3.9	5.1	4.8	4.5	4.9
New Jersey	153	167	154	138	160	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.4	3.9
New Mexico	32	37	38	32	40	4.1	4.5	4.6	3.8	4.8
New York	268	321	323	337	308	3.1	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.3
North Carolina	223	222	234	241	274	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.9
North Dakota	17	20	20	21	19	4.1	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.5
Ohio	210	224	203	221	219	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.1	4.0
Oklahoma	64	84	81	84	83	3.9	5.1	4.9	5.1	5.0
Oregon	72	86	82	79	87	4.0	4.6	4.3	4.1	4.5
Pennsylvania	202	242	252	235	208	3.6	4.2	4.4	4.0	3.6
Rhode Island	21	25	23	22	24	4.5	5.2	4.8	4.5	4.9
South Carolina	80	117	125	119	117	3.8	5.4	5.8	5.5	5.4
South Dakota	18	18	19	20	17	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.5	3.8
Tennessee	125	161	160	158	164	4.1	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.2
Texas	493	594	638	646	568	4.0	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.3
Utah	60	73	76	68	85	3.8	4.5	4.7	4.2	5.2
Vermont	12	14	14	14	14	4.2	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
Virginia	148	153	149	174	171	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.4	4.3
Washington	135	138	138	125	129	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.6	3.7
West Virginia	31	36	35	36	34	4.6	5.2	5.0	5.2	4.9
Wisconsin	104	120	120	125	116	3.7	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.0
Wyoming	15	14	15	14	15	5.5	5.1	5.4	5.0	5.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,172	5,852	6,197	6,042	6,058	3.6	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0
Alabama	77	95	103	95	96	3.8	4.6	5.0	4.6	4.7
Alaska	21	14	17	24	20	6.9	4.5	5.5	7.6	6.3
Arizona	97	116	130	138	152	3.4	3.9	4.3	4.6	5.0
Arkansas	51	60	61	64	53	4.1	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.0
California	579	568	570	593	668	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.9
Colorado	119	155	141	137	134	4.5	5.6	5.1	4.9	4.8
Connecticut	43	56	74	50	55	2.7	3.5	4.6	3.1	3.4
Delaware	20	20	22	22	21	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.9	4.6
District of Columbia	20	23	24	26	24	2.7	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.1
Florida	376	380	427	433	368	4.4	4.3	4.8	4.7	4.0
Georgia	197	220	273	238	248	4.4	4.8	5.9	5.1	5.3
Hawaii	20	24	23	23	25	3.7	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.2
Idaho	36	39	40	39	41	4.6	5.0	5.1	4.8	5.1
Illinois	214	205	247	223	205	3.8	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.4
Indiana	108	132	143	157	138	3.6	4.3	4.6	5.0	4.4
Iowa	49	56	68	59	68	3.2	3.6	4.4	3.8	4.4
Kansas	45	56	60	54	48	3.3	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.5
Kentucky	93	86	105	97	93	5.0	4.6	5.5	5.0	4.8
Louisiana	69	87	97	89	87	3.8	4.7	5.2	4.7	4.6
Maine	24	26	32	24	24	4.0	4.2	5.2	3.8	3.8
Maryland	77	96	103	101	99	2.9	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.7
Massachusetts	108	125	123	121	116	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.2
Michigan	147	191	188	197	183	3.6	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.3
Minnesota	78	93	110	109	95	2.8	3.2	3.8	3.8	3.3
Mississippi	51	56	60	57	57	4.5	4.9	5.2	4.9	4.9
Missouri	101	114	108	125	117	3.6	4.0	3.8	4.3	4.0
Montana	31	26	31	25	25	6.5	5.4	6.4	5.0	5.0
Nebraska	36	42	42	42	46	3.6	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.6
Nevada	75	69	66	67	69	5.8	5.1	4.8	4.7	4.8
New Hampshire	23	30	40	26	30	3.5	4.5	6.0	3.9	4.5
New Jersey	137	147	159	129	138	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.1	3.3
New Mexico	31	34	37	40	36	4.0	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.3
New York	235	268	284	267	279	2.7	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0
North Carolina	190	233	238	219	207	4.3	5.1	5.2	4.7	4.4
North Dakota	18	23	24	20	20	4.4	5.5	5.7	4.7	4.7
Ohio	193	203	202	221	246	3.6	3.8	3.7	4.1	4.5
Oklahoma	74	72	87	76	74	4.6	4.4	5.3	4.6	4.5
Oregon	81	82	86	84	78	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.1
Pennsylvania	195	241	209	163	209	3.5	4.2	3.6	2.8	3.6
Rhode Island	18	21	22	21	18	3.9	4.4	4.6	4.3	3.7
South Carolina	95	110	106	115	102	4.5	5.1	4.9	5.3	4.7
South Dakota	16	18	18	17	19	3.7	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.3
Tennessee	129	133	145	149	156	4.3	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.9
Texas	445	540	545	517	535	3.6	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.1
Utah	63	68	74	71	73	4.0	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.4
Vermont	12	15	16	14	13	4.2	5.1	5.4	4.7	4.4
Virginia	132	145	140	176	165	3.4	3.7	3.5	4.4	4.1
Washington	120	122	119	124	142	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.6	4.1
West Virginia	33	33	33	33	33	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
Wisconsin	109	109	117	118	98	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.4
Wyoming	17	13	16	14	15	6.2	4.7	5.8	5.0	5.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,311	4,132	4,510	4,403	4,252	2.3	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.8
Alabama	50	65	78	65	68	2.5	3.2	3.8	3.2	3.3
Alaska	13	10	12	17	14	4.3	3.2	3.9	5.4	4.4
Arizona	66	87	98	104	104	2.3	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.4
Arkansas	34	40	45	43	38	2.7	3.1	3.5	3.3	2.9
California	292	391	428	437	469	1.8	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.7
Colorado	69	111	91	83	96	2.6	4.0	3.3	3.0	3.4
Connecticut	27	35	47	38	36	1.7	2.2	2.9	2.3	2.2
Delaware	13	14	16	15	15	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.3
District of Columbia	13	15	17	16	17	1.8	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2
Florida	227	270	318	335	258	2.7	3.0	3.5	3.7	2.8
Georgia	134	153	199	172	176	3.0	3.3	4.3	3.7	3.7
Hawaii	12	17	16	16	19	2.2	2.9	2.8	2.7	3.2
Idaho	23	28	28	28	28	2.9	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5
Illinois	122	150	187	172	154	2.2	2.6	3.2	2.9	2.6
Indiana	74	104	115	112	105	2.4	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.3
Iowa	35	37	44	40	42	2.3	2.4	2.9	2.6	2.7
Kansas	31	41	44	39	36	2.3	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.6
Kentucky	66	56	79	63	64	3.6	3.0	4.2	3.3	3.3
Louisiana	50	63	69	64	62	2.7	3.4	3.7	3.4	3.3
Maine	13	18	22	19	15	2.2	2.9	3.6	3.0	2.4
Maryland	50	66	69	67	75	1.9	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.8
Massachusetts	65	84	85	93	77	1.9	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.1
Michigan	98	125	135	149	143	2.4	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.3
Minnesota	51	66	75	80	66	1.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.3
Mississippi	34	40	45	41	42	3.0	3.5	3.9	3.5	3.6
Missouri	71	86	82	94	76	2.5	3.0	2.9	3.3	2.6
Montana	16	18	21	17	18	3.3	3.7	4.3	3.4	3.6
Nebraska	26	29	29	29	31	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.9	3.1
Nevada	43	49	45	46	47	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.3
New Hampshire	12	19	29	19	18	1.9	2.9	4.4	2.8	2.7
New Jersey	82	101	100	95	103	2.1	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.5
New Mexico	18	22	25	27	26	2.3	2.7	3.0	3.2	3.1
New York	114	173	196	183	174	1.3	1.9	2.2	2.0	1.9
North Carolina	125	160	181	151	135	2.8	3.5	4.0	3.2	2.9
North Dakota	11	13	17	13	14	2.7	3.1	4.0	3.1	3.3
Ohio	134	147	140	168	155	2.5	2.7	2.6	3.1	2.9
Oklahoma	51	51	60	54	54	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3
Oregon	49	58	59	60	58	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0
Pennsylvania	102	156	143	131	134	1.8	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.3
Rhode Island	9	14	15	15	11	1.9	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.3
South Carolina	65	80	81	75	77	3.1	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.5
South Dakota	11	13	12	12	13	2.5	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.9
Tennessee	83	94	113	108	110	2.7	3.0	3.6	3.4	3.5
Texas	326	429	407	395	406	2.6	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.1
Utah	41	48	55	54	50	2.6	2.9	3.4	3.3	3.0
Vermont	6	11	12	10	8	2.1	3.7	4.1	3.4	2.7
Virginia	86	105	102	131	125	2.2	2.7	2.6	3.3	3.1
Washington	68	88	84	86	87	2.1	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.5
West Virginia	20	21	25	24	24	3.0	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.5
Wisconsin	62	78	92	90	71	2.2	2.7	3.2	3.1	2.4
Wyoming	9	10	10	10	10	3.3	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,582	1,342	1,295	1,262	1,414	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
Alabama	23	23	19	23	22	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.1
Alaska	7	3	4	5	5	2.3	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.6
Arizona	24	24	25	26	31	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0
Arkansas	14	14	12	16	11	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.8
California	257	129	104	116	166	1.6	0.8	0.6	0.7	1.0
Colorado	40	35	38	43	27	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.0
Connecticut	13	18	21	8	14	0.8	1.1	1.3	0.5	0.9
Delaware	5	5	4	6	4	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.3	0.9
District of Columbia	6	6	5	7	6	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8
Florida	136	90	97	76	92	1.6	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.0
Georgia	48	53	53	57	45	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.0
Hawaii	6	6	6	5	4	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.7
Idaho	11	9	10	7	10	1.4	1.1	1.3	0.9	1.2
Illinois	80	48	47	43	51	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indiana	29	22	21	36	21	1.0	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.7
Iowa	12	15	20	16	22	0.8	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.4
Kansas	11	11	12	12	8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.6
Kentucky	23	24	20	27	24	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.2
Louisiana	15	18	21	19	19	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Maine	9	6	7	4	6	1.5	1.0	1.1	0.6	0.9
Maryland	22	22	27	28	16	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.6
Massachusetts	34	31	27	21	32	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.9
Michigan	40	50	42	37	33	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.8
Minnesota	23	21	23	21	23	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mississippi	15	13	11	12	11	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Missouri	25	23	18	22	20	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.7
Montana	12	6	8	5	6	2.5	1.2	1.7	1.0	1.2
Nebraska	8	9	10	10	12	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.2
Nevada	27	17	17	14	19	2.1	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.3
New Hampshire	9	9	8	5	10	1.4	1.4	1.2	0.7	1.5
New Jersey	48	38	45	25	21	1.2	0.9	1.1	0.6	0.5
New Mexico	10	8	9	8	8	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
New York	103	78	66	68	82	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.9
North Carolina	53	50	44	53	53	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1
North Dakota	6	9	5	6	5	1.5	2.2	1.2	1.4	1.2
Ohio	50	46	47	44	80	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.5
Oklahoma	20	14	20	17	16	1.2	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.0
Oregon	27	20	20	16	15	1.5	1.1	1.1	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania	82	72	55	18	64	1.5	1.2	0.9	0.3	1.1
Rhode Island	7	6	5	5	5	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.0
South Carolina	25	24	20	35	19	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.6	0.9
South Dakota	4	4	4	4	4	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tennessee	40	30	25	32	38	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.2
Texas	104	81	107	103	101	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8
Utah	18	16	14	10	17	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.0
Vermont	4	4	3	4	4	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.3
Virginia	37	30	29	32	32	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8
Washington	44	25	24	28	48	1.3	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.4
West Virginia	11	10	5	7	6	1.6	1.4	0.7	1.0	0.9
Wisconsin	41	24	17	22	22	1.4	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8
Wyoming	6	3	6	3	3	2.2	1.1	2.2	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,207	10,353	11,170	4.9	6.4	7.0
Alabama	106	136	134	5.0	6.2	6.2
Alaska	21	29	29	6.9	8.8	8.8
Arizona	171	220	253	5.6	6.7	7.8
Arkansas	67	80	87	5.1	5.7	6.3
California	730	1,114	1,157	4.4	6.0	6.4
Colorado	137	208	229	5.0	6.9	7.6
Connecticut	71	98	123	4.4	5.6	7.1
Delaware	23	25	38	5.1	5.1	8.0
District of Columbia	31	34	44	4.2	4.2	5.5
Florida	401	636	707	4.5	6.4	7.2
Georgia	307	399	374	6.5	7.8	7.4
Hawaii	29	60	46	5.1	9.0	7.3
Idaho	41	62	61	5.1	7.1	7.2
Illinois	250	406	467	4.3	6.4	7.4
Indiana	142	238	234	4.5	7.0	7.0
Iowa	71	112	116	4.6	6.7	7.1
Kansas	77	88	98	5.4	6.0	6.7
Kentucky	99	146	158	5.1	7.0	7.7
Louisiana	109	130	143	5.6	6.4	7.1
Maine	28	46	62	4.6	6.9	9.2
Maryland	146	201	212	5.4	6.9	7.4
Massachusetts	147	254	286	4.3	6.6	7.5
Michigan	236	299	339	5.6	6.5	7.4
Minnesota	102	213	245	3.6	6.9	8.0
Mississippi	61	82	74	5.2	6.6	6.1
Missouri	126	218	225	4.4	7.0	7.3
Montana	26	46	39	5.3	8.5	7.4
Nebraska	50	70	86	4.8	6.5	7.9
Nevada	78	102	103	5.8	6.7	6.8
New Hampshire	32	62	68	4.9	8.5	9.2
New Jersey	201	274	308	5.0	6.2	7.1
New Mexico	48	58	75	5.9	6.4	8.3
New York	343	559	607	3.8	5.6	6.2
North Carolina	289	385	355	6.2	7.6	7.1
North Dakota	20	30	35	4.7	6.7	7.8
Ohio	244	365	395	4.5	6.3	6.9
Oklahoma	89	113	116	5.2	6.3	6.6
Oregon	107	139	147	5.7	6.7	7.2
Pennsylvania	278	461	549	4.8	7.3	8.7
Rhode Island	23	34	41	4.8	6.4	7.9
South Carolina	144	177	188	6.5	7.5	8.0
South Dakota	21	31	30	4.7	6.6	6.6
Tennessee	151	207	257	4.8	6.1	7.6
Texas	551	816	861	4.3	5.8	6.2
Utah	81	122	137	5.0	6.9	7.8
Vermont	15	28	27	4.8	8.6	8.3
Virginia	199	283	304	4.9	6.6	7.1
Washington	174	185	220	5.1	5.1	6.1
West Virginia	49	50	50	6.8	6.6	6.8
Wisconsin	123	193	209	4.3	6.2	6.9
Wyoming	15	28	21	5.5	9.2	7.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,461	4,825	6,191	3.9	3.2	4.2
Alabama	68	70	99	3.4	3.4	4.9
Alaska	16	11	16	5.5	3.6	5.4
Arizona	110	108	156	3.8	3.5	5.2
Arkansas	54	48	62	4.4	3.6	4.8
California	552	482	588	3.5	2.8	3.5
Colorado	110	95	146	4.2	3.4	5.3
Connecticut	51	43	57	3.3	2.6	3.6
Delaware	17	14	28	4.0	3.0	6.3
District of Columbia	20	14	23	2.8	1.9	3.0
Florida	284	291	429	3.4	3.2	4.7
Georgia	194	196	255	4.4	4.2	5.5
Hawaii	22	25	29	4.0	4.1	4.9
Idaho	33	30	40	4.3	3.8	5.0
Illinois	255	216	233	4.6	3.6	4.0
Indiana	96	118	134	3.2	3.7	4.3
Iowa	48	47	53	3.2	3.0	3.5
Kansas	51	42	48	3.8	3.0	3.5
Kentucky	73	77	106	4.0	4.0	5.6
Louisiana	87	67	104	4.8	3.5	5.6
Maine	22	20	25	3.7	3.2	4.1
Maryland	72	76	102	2.8	2.8	3.9
Massachusetts	100	91	153	3.0	2.5	4.4
Michigan	148	160	171	3.7	3.7	4.1
Minnesota	82	78	100	3.0	2.7	3.5
Mississippi	49	40	51	4.4	3.4	4.5
Missouri	112	82	93	4.1	2.8	3.3
Montana	20	22	24	4.3	4.5	4.8
Nebraska	40	35	41	4.1	3.5	4.1
Nevada	56	45	70	4.4	3.1	4.9
New Hampshire	23	24	33	3.6	3.5	5.0
New Jersey	140	105	152	3.7	2.5	3.8
New Mexico	30	20	39	3.9	2.4	4.7
New York	230	233	270	2.7	2.5	3.0
North Carolina	207	164	263	4.7	3.5	5.7
North Dakota	16	16	17	4.0	3.7	4.2
Ohio	187	168	201	3.6	3.1	3.8
Oklahoma	65	64	84	4.1	3.8	5.1
Oregon	68	53	82	3.8	2.8	4.3
Pennsylvania	169	178	178	3.1	3.0	3.1
Rhode Island	18	14	22	3.9	2.8	4.6
South Carolina	84	86	120	4.1	3.9	5.6
South Dakota	15	15	14	3.4	3.4	3.2
Tennessee	117	117	156	3.9	3.7	5.0
Texas	532	511	581	4.3	3.9	4.5
Utah	59	50	86	3.8	3.0	5.3
Vermont	12	13	13	4.1	4.3	4.5
Virginia	145	134	169	3.8	3.3	4.3
Washington	141	82	134	4.4	2.4	3.9
West Virginia	28	26	31	4.2	3.7	4.6
Wisconsin	84	95	98	3.0	3.3	3.4
Wyoming	13	12	12	4.7	4.3	4.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,600	5,645	6,389	4.0	3.8	4.3
Alabama	84	85	100	4.2	4.1	4.9
Alaska	17	20	15	5.8	6.5	5.2
Arizona	114	124	161	4.0	4.0	5.4
Arkansas	56	62	54	4.5	4.7	4.2
California	616	546	692	3.9	3.2	4.1
Colorado	113	125	121	4.3	4.4	4.4
Connecticut	56	48	66	3.6	2.9	4.1
Delaware	24	21	25	5.5	4.7	5.6
District of Columbia	23	24	28	3.2	3.2	3.7
Florida	409	401	393	4.8	4.3	4.3
Georgia	214	227	249	4.8	4.8	5.3
Hawaii	25	15	28	4.6	2.5	4.7
Idaho	36	38	39	4.7	4.7	5.0
Illinois	244	220	222	4.4	3.7	3.8
Indiana	123	136	146	4.1	4.3	4.7
Iowa	51	53	69	3.4	3.4	4.5
Kansas	53	43	52	4.0	3.1	3.8
Kentucky	104	96	103	5.7	5.0	5.4
Louisiana	75	83	87	4.1	4.4	4.6
Maine	26	23	26	4.5	3.6	4.2
Maryland	94	97	113	3.7	3.6	4.3
Massachusetts	122	118	122	3.7	3.3	3.5
Michigan	159	184	185	4.0	4.3	4.4
Minnesota	79	116	94	2.9	4.1	3.3
Mississippi	53	52	58	4.8	4.5	5.1
Missouri	111	114	125	4.0	3.9	4.4
Montana	31	22	24	6.6	4.5	5.0
Nebraska	41	37	51	4.2	3.6	5.1
Nevada	78	59	66	6.2	4.1	4.7
New Hampshire	23	25	30	3.6	3.7	4.5
New Jersey	159	128	154	4.2	3.1	3.8
New Mexico	30	36	34	4.0	4.2	4.1
New York	279	250	322	3.2	2.7	3.5
North Carolina	214	204	220	4.9	4.3	4.8
North Dakota	19	18	20	4.8	4.3	4.9
Ohio	213	198	259	4.1	3.7	4.9
Oklahoma	82	70	79	5.1	4.2	4.8
Oregon	84	79	76	4.7	4.1	4.0
Pennsylvania	217	163	229	3.9	2.8	4.0
Rhode Island	22	22	21	5.0	4.4	4.4
South Carolina	105	109	112	5.1	5.0	5.2
South Dakota	16	15	19	3.9	3.5	4.5
Tennessee	147	140	176	4.9	4.4	5.6
Texas	473	483	554	3.8	3.7	4.3
Utah	74	68	80	4.8	4.1	4.9
Vermont	11	13	13	4.0	4.4	4.4
Virginia	130	173	160	3.4	4.3	4.1
Washington	137	112	151	4.2	3.2	4.4
West Virginia	37	31	35	5.5	4.5	5.2
Wisconsin	125	109	113	4.5	3.8	4.0
Wyoming	16	11	14	6.1	4.0	4.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,176	3,826	4,077	2.3	2.5	2.8
Alabama	50	54	67	2.5	2.6	3.3
Alaska	8	13	10	2.8	4.3	3.5
Arizona	72	93	105	2.5	3.0	3.5
Arkansas	35	39	37	2.8	3.0	2.9
California	269	380	431	1.7	2.2	2.5
Colorado	57	72	81	2.2	2.6	2.9
Connecticut	29	32	36	1.9	1.9	2.2
Delaware	15	14	17	3.4	3.1	3.8
District of Columbia	15	14	19	2.0	1.9	2.6
Florida	227	315	249	2.7	3.4	2.7
Georgia	137	157	171	3.1	3.3	3.6
Hawaii	12	10	19	2.3	1.7	3.2
Idaho	19	25	23	2.5	3.1	2.9
Illinois	123	145	140	2.2	2.4	2.4
Indiana	75	92	100	2.5	2.9	3.2
Iowa	32	31	39	2.2	2.0	2.5
Kansas	32	29	35	2.4	2.1	2.5
Kentucky	69	61	67	3.8	3.2	3.5
Louisiana	49	57	59	2.7	3.0	3.1
Maine	14	16	15	2.4	2.5	2.5
Maryland	53	60	78	2.1	2.2	2.9
Massachusetts	71	82	78	2.1	2.3	2.2
Michigan	91	128	132	2.3	3.0	3.1
Minnesota	47	74	59	1.7	2.6	2.1
Mississippi	32	36	40	2.9	3.1	3.5
Missouri	73	79	74	2.6	2.7	2.6
Montana	15	14	16	3.1	2.8	3.2
Nebraska	26	22	30	2.6	2.2	3.0
Nevada	42	38	42	3.3	2.7	3.0
New Hampshire	12	16	17	1.8	2.3	2.5
New Jersey	85	77	103	2.2	1.8	2.5
New Mexico	16	22	23	2.1	2.7	2.7
New York	124	164	168	1.4	1.7	1.8
North Carolina	133	134	133	3.0	2.8	2.9
North Dakota	9	10	12	2.3	2.4	2.9
Ohio	128	133	144	2.5	2.5	2.7
Oklahoma	54	47	54	3.4	2.8	3.3
Oregon	43	51	50	2.4	2.7	2.6
Pennsylvania	101	110	132	1.8	1.9	2.3
Rhode Island	11	14	12	2.4	2.8	2.5
South Carolina	70	68	82	3.4	3.1	3.8
South Dakota	10	9	12	2.4	2.1	2.7
Tennessee	83	100	109	2.8	3.1	3.5
Texas	332	339	401	2.7	2.6	3.1
Utah	43	48	49	2.7	2.9	3.0
Vermont	6	9	7	2.0	2.8	2.5
Virginia	80	119	117	2.1	3.0	3.0
Washington	71	67	86	2.2	2.0	2.5
West Virginia	20	22	24	3.1	3.1	3.5
Wisconsin	62	77	67	2.2	2.7	2.4
Wyoming	8	7	8	2.9	2.5	3.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022(p)
TOTAL U.S.	2,077	1,441	1,828	1.5	1.0	1.2
Alabama	27	23	25	1.3	1.1	1.3
Alaska	7	5	4	2.4	1.7	1.2
Arizona	31	24	37	1.1	0.8	1.2
Arkansas	18	18	12	1.4	1.3	1.0
California	318	128	224	2.0	0.7	1.3
Colorado	44	43	28	1.7	1.5	1.0
Connecticut	24	11	24	1.5	0.7	1.5
Delaware	8	6	6	1.8	1.3	1.4
District of Columbia	7	8	6	0.9	1.0	0.8
Florida	164	66	119	1.9	0.7	1.3
Georgia	57	63	47	1.3	1.3	1.0
Hawaii	10	3	7	1.8	0.6	1.1
Idaho	14	8	13	1.8	1.1	1.7
Illinois	111	63	81	2.0	1.0	1.4
Indiana	41	35	32	1.4	1.1	1.0
Iowa	16	18	26	1.1	1.2	1.7
Kansas	17	11	13	1.3	0.8	1.0
Kentucky	30	29	30	1.6	1.5	1.6
Louisiana	20	21	21	1.1	1.1	1.1
Maine	10	5	8	1.7	0.8	1.2
Maryland	35	30	27	1.4	1.1	1.0
Massachusetts	41	28	36	1.2	0.8	1.0
Michigan	58	44	44	1.5	1.0	1.0
Minnesota	28	33	29	1.0	1.2	1.0
Mississippi	18	13	13	1.7	1.1	1.1
Missouri	33	24	29	1.2	0.8	1.0
Montana	13	6	6	2.9	1.1	1.3
Nebraska	13	12	17	1.3	1.2	1.6
Nevada	30	14	20	2.4	1.0	1.4
New Hampshire	9	6	11	1.5	0.9	1.6
New Jersey	65	43	36	1.7	1.0	0.9
New Mexico	11	9	8	1.5	1.0	1.0
New York	141	67	129	1.6	0.7	1.4
North Carolina	65	56	61	1.5	1.2	1.3
North Dakota	9	7	7	2.2	1.6	1.7
Ohio	73	52	103	1.4	1.0	1.9
Oklahoma	23	17	19	1.5	1.0	1.1
Oregon	34	20	21	1.9	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania	100	38	82	1.8	0.6	1.4
Rhode Island	10	6	7	2.3	1.3	1.5
South Carolina	30	36	23	1.5	1.7	1.1
South Dakota	5	5	6	1.3	1.1	1.4
Tennessee	57	32	55	1.9	1.0	1.8
Texas	122	126	115	1.0	1.0	0.9
Utah	25	13	24	1.6	0.8	1.5
Vermont	5	4	4	1.7	1.2	1.5
Virginia	39	41	32	1.0	1.0	0.8
Washington	53	32	55	1.7	0.9	1.6
West Virginia	14	8	8	2.1	1.1	1.2
Wisconsin	56	26	39	2.0	0.9	1.4
Wyoming	6	3	4	2.3	1.0	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary